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{{Chembox
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 401045468
| verifiedrevid = 464384628
| Name = Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride
| Name = Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride
| ImageFile = Ruthenium red cation.svg
| ImageFile = Ruthenium red cation.svg
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName =
| ImageSize =
| OtherNames =
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 7827798
| ChemSpiderID = 7827798
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-H
| StdInChIKey = CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-H
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|CAS}}
| CASNo = 11103-72-3
| CASNo = 11103-72-3
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = KU6M163B0R
| PubChem = 9548875
| PubChem = 9548875
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 369149
| ChEMBL = 2068405
| SMILES = [Ru+5].[Ru+5].[Ru+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].O.O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N
| SMILES = [Ru+5].[Ru+5].[Ru+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].O.O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N
}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Ru = 3 | Cl = 6 | N = 14 | H = 42 | O = 2
| Ru=3 | Cl=6 | N=14 | H=42 | O=2
| MolarMass =
| MolarMass =
| Appearance =
| Appearance =
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| BoilingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = }}
| Solubility = }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| FlashPt =
| Autoignition = }}
| AutoignitionPt = }}
}}
}}
The inorganic dye '''ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride''', also known as '''Ruthenium Red''', is used in [[histology]] to [[staining|stain]] [[aldehyde]] [[fixation (histology)|fixed]] [[mucopolysaccharides]].
The inorganic dye '''ammoniated [[ruthenium]] oxychloride''', also known as '''ruthenium red''', is used in [[histology]] to [[staining|stain]] [[aldehyde]] [[fixation (histology)|fixed]] [[mucopolysaccharides]].


Ruthenium Red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with a large number of proteins.<ref> Vincent, F. and Duncton, M.A.J. TRPV4 Agonists and Antagonists. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2011, June 14 Epub ahead of print, PMID:21671873 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%20%20%20%2021671873]</ref> These include mammalian ion channels (CatSper1, TASK, RyR1, RyR2, RyR3, TRPM6, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPA1, mCa1, mCa2), a plant ion channel, Ca2+-ATPase, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter,<ref> Hajnóczky G, Csordás G, Das S, Garcia-Perez C, Saotome M, Sinha Roy S, Yi M. Mitochondrial calcium signalling and cell death: approaches for assessing the role of mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake in apoptosis. Cell Calcium 2006;40(5-6):553-60 </ref> tubulin, myosin light-chain phosphatase, and Ca2+ binding proteins such as calmodulin. It should be further noted that Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, Ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular [[calcium]] release by Ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM). <ref> TRIPATHY, LE XU ASHUTOSH, PASEK, DANIEL A., MEISSNER, GERHARD Potential for Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channels
Ruthenium red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with many proteins.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 21671873 | volume=11 | issue=17 | title=TRPV4 agonists and antagonists | year=2011 | journal=Curr Top Med Chem | pages=2216–26 | last1 = Vincent | first1 = F | last2 = Duncton | first2 = MA | doi=10.2174/156802611796904861}}</ref> These include mammalian ion channels ([[CatSper1]], [[TASK]], [[RyR1]], [[RyR2]], [[RyR3]], [[TRPM6]], [[TRPM8]], [[TRPV1]], [[TRPV2]], [[TRPV3]], [[TRPV4]], [[TRPV5]], [[TRPV6]], [[TRPA1]], [[mCa1]], [[mCa2]], [[CALHM1]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ma | first1 = Z | last2 = Siebert | first2 = AP | last3 = Cheung | first3 = KH | last4 = Lee | first4 = RJ | last5 = Johnson | first5 = B | last6 = Cohen | first6 = AS | last7 = Vingtdeux | first7 = V | last8 = Marambaud | first8 = P | last9 = Foskett | first9 = JK | year = 2012 | title = Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is the pore-forming subunit of an ion channel that mediates extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> regulation of neuronal excitability | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 109 | issue = 28| pages = E1963–71 | pmid = 22711817 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1204023109 | pmc=3396471| bibcode = 2012PNAS..109E1963M | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Dreses-Werringloer | first1 = U | last2 = Vingtdeux | first2 = V | last3 = Zhao | first3 = H | last4 = Chandakkar | first4 = P | last5 = Davies | first5 = P | last6 = Marambaud | first6 = P | year = 2013 | title = CALHM1 controls Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent MEK/ERK/RSK/MSK signaling in neurons | journal = J Cell Sci | volume = 126| issue = Pt 5| pages = 1199–206| pmid = 23345406 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.117135 | pmc = 4481642 }}</ref>) [[TRPP3]],<ref name="DeCaen 2013">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Decaen | first1 = P. G.
Ann NY Acad Sci 1998 853: 130-148 [http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/853/1/130]</ref>
| last2 = Delling | first2 = M.

| last3 = Vien | first3 = T. N.
⚫
RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for staining pectins, mucilages, and gums. RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.<ref>Mariani Colombo P, Rascio N. Ruthenium red staining for electron microscopy of plant material Journal of Ultrastructure Research Volume 60, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 135-139</ref>
| last4 = Clapham | first4 = D. E.
| title = Direct recording and molecular identification of the calcium channel of primary cilia
| doi = 10.1038/nature12832
| journal = Nature
| volume = 504
| issue = 7479
| pages = 315–318
| year = 2013
| pmid = 24336289
| pmc = 4073646
| bibcode = 2013Natur.504..315D
}}</ref> a plant ion channel, [[Calcium ATPase|Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase]], [[Mitochondrial calcium uniporter|mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uniporter]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hajnóczky | first1 = G | last2 = Csordás | first2 = G | last3 = Das | first3 = S | last4 = Garcia-Perez | first4 = C | last5 = Saotome | first5 = M | last6 = Sinha Roy | first6 = S | last7 = Yi | first7 = M | year = 2006 | title = Mitochondrial calcium signalling and cell death: approaches for assessing the role of mitochondrial Ca<sup><sup>2+</sup></sup> uptake in apoptosis | journal = Cell Calcium | volume = 40 | issue = 5–6| pages = 553–60 | doi=10.1016/j.ceca.2006.08.016 | pmid=17074387 | pmc=2692319}}</ref> [[tubulin]], [[myosin light-chain phosphatase]], and Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding proteins such as [[calmodulin]]. Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, [[ryanodine]] receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular [[calcium]] release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathy | first1 = Le Xu Ashutosh | last2 = Pasek | first2 = Daniel A. | last3 = Meissner | first3 = Gerhard | year = 1998 | title = Potential for Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channels | url = http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/853/1/130 | journal = Ann NY Acad Sci | volume = 853 | issue = 1 | pages = 130–148 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08262.x | pmid = 10603942 | bibcode = 1998NYASA.853..130T | s2cid = 86436194 | access-date = 2006-10-22 | archive-date = 2008-04-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080423065203/http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/853/1/130 | url-status = dead }}</ref> As a TRPA1 blocker, it assists in reducing the airway inflammation caused by [[pepper spray]].


⚫
RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for staining [[pectins]], [[mucilage]]s, and [[Natural gum|gums]]. RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.<ref>Mariani Colombo P, Rascio N. "Ruthenium red staining for electron microscopy of plant material". ''Journal of Ultrastructure Research'' Volume 60, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 135–139</ref>


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

{{Transient receptor potential channel modulators}}


[[Category:Staining dyes]]
[[Category:Staining dyes]]
[[Category:Ruthenium compounds]]
[[Category:Ruthenium complexes]]
[[Category:Ammine complexes]]

[[de:Rutheniumrot]]
[[it:Rosso di Rutenio]]

Latest revision as of 19:02, 22 September 2023

Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.228.922 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/6ClH.14H3N.2H2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;2*1H2;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+4;2*+5/p-6 checkY
    Key: CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-H checkY
  • InChI=1/6ClH.14H3N.2H2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;2*1H2;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+4;2*+5/p-6
    Key: CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-CYFPFDDLAK
  • [Ru+5].[Ru+5].[Ru+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].O.O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N
Properties
Cl6H42N14O2Ru3
Molar mass 786.34 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

The inorganic dye ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, also known as ruthenium red, is used in histology to stain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides.

Ruthenium red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with many proteins.[1] These include mammalian ion channels (CatSper1, TASK, RyR1, RyR2, RyR3, TRPM6, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPA1, mCa1, mCa2, CALHM1[2][3]) TRPP3,[4] a plant ion channel, Ca2+-ATPase, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter,[5] tubulin, myosin light-chain phosphatase, and Ca2+ binding proteins such as calmodulin. Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM).[6] As a TRPA1 blocker, it assists in reducing the airway inflammation caused by pepper spray.

RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for staining pectins, mucilages, and gums. RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Vincent, F; Duncton, MA (2011). "TRPV4 agonists and antagonists". Curr Top Med Chem. 11 (17): 2216–26. doi:10.2174/156802611796904861. PMID 21671873.
  2. ^ Ma, Z; Siebert, AP; Cheung, KH; Lee, RJ; Johnson, B; Cohen, AS; Vingtdeux, V; Marambaud, P; Foskett, JK (2012). "Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is the pore-forming subunit of an ion channel that mediates extracellular Ca2+ regulation of neuronal excitability". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109 (28): E1963–71. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E1963M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204023109. PMC 3396471. PMID 22711817.
  3. ^ Dreses-Werringloer, U; Vingtdeux, V; Zhao, H; Chandakkar, P; Davies, P; Marambaud, P (2013). "CALHM1 controls Ca2+-dependent MEK/ERK/RSK/MSK signaling in neurons". J Cell Sci. 126 (Pt 5): 1199–206. doi:10.1242/jcs.117135. PMC 4481642. PMID 23345406.
  4. ^ Decaen, P. G.; Delling, M.; Vien, T. N.; Clapham, D. E. (2013). "Direct recording and molecular identification of the calcium channel of primary cilia". Nature. 504 (7479): 315–318. Bibcode:2013Natur.504..315D. doi:10.1038/nature12832. PMC 4073646. PMID 24336289.
  5. ^ Hajnóczky, G; Csordás, G; Das, S; Garcia-Perez, C; Saotome, M; Sinha Roy, S; Yi, M (2006). "Mitochondrial calcium signalling and cell death: approaches for assessing the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in apoptosis". Cell Calcium. 40 (5–6): 553–60. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2006.08.016. PMC 2692319. PMID 17074387.
  6. ^ Tripathy, Le Xu Ashutosh; Pasek, Daniel A.; Meissner, Gerhard (1998). "Potential for Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channels". Ann NY Acad Sci. 853 (1): 130–148. Bibcode:1998NYASA.853..130T. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08262.x. PMID 10603942. S2CID 86436194. Archived from the original on 2008-04-23. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
  7. ^ Mariani Colombo P, Rascio N. "Ruthenium red staining for electron microscopy of plant material". Journal of Ultrastructure Research Volume 60, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 135–139
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