Ratchis: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|King of the Lombards from 744 to 749}} |
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{{about|the king of the Lombards|the genus of land snails|Rhachis|the biological term|Rachis|the Romanian village of Rachiş|Mirăslău}} |
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<!--[[File:Regno longobardo, emissione aurea di ratchis, zecca di pavia, 744-749.JPG|thumb|Rachis depicted on a gold coin, 744–749.]]--> |
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{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}} |
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{{Expand Italian|Rachis|date=March 2012}} |
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[[File:Rachis.gif|thumb|upright|Ratchis]] |
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[[File:Cividale Ratchis1.JPG|thumb|Altar of Ratchis in [[Cividale]], dedicated to the memory of his father Pemmo]] |
[[File:Cividale Ratchis1.JPG|thumb|Altar of Ratchis in [[Cividale]], dedicated to the memory of his father Pemmo]] |
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[[File:Cava de' Tirreni, Biblioteca della Badia, MS 4, fol. 150v.png|thumb|Ratchis's law code, copy from c. 1005]] |
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'''Ratchis''' (Rachis - Raditschs - Radics - Radiks, there are various spellings) was the [[Duke of Friuli]] (739-744) and King of the [[Lombards]] (744-749). His father was [[Pemmo of Friuli|Duke Pemmo]]. His [[Rome|Roman]] wife was [[Tassia]]. He ruled in peace until he besieged, for reasons unknown, [[Perugia]]. [[Pope Zachary]] convinced him to lift the siege and he abdicated and entered, with his family, the abbey of [[Montecassino]]. After the death of [[Aistulf]] in 756, he tried once again to reign over the Lombards, but he was defeated by [[Desiderius]] and retired to a cloister.<ref>{{cite web |
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'''Ratchis'''<ref>Also spelled ''Rachis'', ''Raditschs'', ''Radics'', ''Radiks''.</ref> (died after 757) was the [[Duke of Friuli]] (739–744) and then [[King of the Lombards]] (744–749). |
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| url = http://www.germantribes.org/tribes/Lombards/Lombard%20Rulers/kingsline.htm |
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| title = German Tribes org Lombard Kings |
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| work = GermanTribes.org |
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| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100718043340/http://www.germantribes.org/tribes/Lombards/Lombard%20Rulers/kingsline.htm |
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| archivedate = 2010-07-18 |
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| accessdate = 2010-07-18 |
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}}</ref> |
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Ratchis was the son of Duke [[Pemmo of Friuli]] and the nephew of the Lombard king [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]], who, despite his history of strife with Pemmo, appointed Ratchis to succeed his father in 737. Ratchis was married to a Roman woman named Tassia. During his rule of Friuli, he launched an expedition against the [[Slavs]] in [[Carniola]], across the Eastern Alps, fighting in person during the battles.{{quote|Ratchis denique aput Foroiuli dux, ut dixeramus, effectus, in Carniolam Sclavorum patriam cum suis ingressus, magnam multitudinem Sclavorum interficiens, eorum omnia devastavit.|Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum, Liber VI <ref>{{cite web | url=https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Historia_Langobardorum/Liber_VI | title=Historia Langobardorum/Liber VI - Wikisource }}</ref>}} |
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<!--[[File:Rachis.gif|thumb|Ratchis on an 11th manuscript of the ''Codex Matritensis Leges Langobardorum''.]]--> |
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He became king of the Lombards in 744, after the deposition of [[Hildeprand]], most likely with the support of the more autonomous Lombard dukes. Ratchis ruled initially in peace, in particular with the neighboring [[Byzantine]]-ruled [[exarchate of Ravenna]]. However, perhaps pushed by more traditional parties among his followers, in 749 he invaded the [[Duchy of the Pentapolis]] and besieged [[Perugia]]. [[Pope Zachary]] convinced him to lift the siege, but this further reduced his prestige among the dukes, who deposed him later year at an assembly in [[Milan]]. His brother [[Aistulf]] succeeded him. Ratchis initially tried to raise opposition to the assembly's decision, but soon was forced to take refuge in [[Rome]]. He later entered the abbey of [[Montecassino]] with his family. |
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Following Aistulf's passing in 756, Ratchis fought to reclaim the throne. He was able to gain control of the royal palace in [[Pavia]] with the support of several Lombard nobles, but was defeated by the [[duke of Tuscany]], [[Desiderius]], who had the support of [[Pope Stephen II]] and the Frankish king [[Pepin the Short]]. In 757, Ratchis retired again to a monastery, either Montecassino or [[Cervaro]]. |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== |
==Sources== |
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*[[Paul the Deacon]], ''[[Historia Langobardorum]]'' ''Storia dei Longobardi''; introduzione di Claudio Leonardi; apparati critici e iconografici a cura di Roberto Cassanelli. |
*[[Paul the Deacon]], ''[[Historia Langobardorum]]'' ''Storia dei Longobardi''; introduzione di Claudio Leonardi; apparati critici e iconografici a cura di Roberto Cassanelli. Milan: Electa, 1985 (Latin & Italian) |
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*{{cite book |last=Jarnut |first=Jörg |author-link=Jörg Jarnut |date=1995 |orig-date=1982 |title=Storia dei Longobardi |translator-last=Guglielmotti |translator-first=Paola |location=Torino |publisher=Einaudi |isbn=88-06-13658-5}} |
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* Jörg Jarnut, ''Storia dei Longobardi'', Torino: Einaudi, 2002 ISBN 88-464-4085-4 |
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* Sergio Rovagnati, ''I Longobardi'', |
* Sergio Rovagnati, ''I Longobardi'', Milan: Xenia, 2003 {{ISBN|88-7273-484-3}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Dukes of Friuli]] |
[[Category:Dukes of Friuli]] |
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[[Category:Lombard |
[[Category:Lombard warriors]] |
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[[Category:8th-century Italian people]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Year of death unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of death unknown]] |
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{{Italy-noble-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:03, 4 September 2023
Ratchis[1] (died after 757) was the Duke of Friuli (739–744) and then King of the Lombards (744–749).
Ratchis was the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and the nephew of the Lombard king Liutprand, who, despite his history of strife with Pemmo, appointed Ratchis to succeed his father in 737. Ratchis was married to a Roman woman named Tassia. During his rule of Friuli, he launched an expedition against the Slavs in Carniola, across the Eastern Alps, fighting in person during the battles.
Ratchis denique aput Foroiuli dux, ut dixeramus, effectus, in Carniolam Sclavorum patriam cum suis ingressus, magnam multitudinem Sclavorum interficiens, eorum omnia devastavit.
— Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum, Liber VI [2]
He became king of the Lombards in 744, after the deposition of Hildeprand, most likely with the support of the more autonomous Lombard dukes. Ratchis ruled initially in peace, in particular with the neighboring Byzantine-ruled exarchate of Ravenna. However, perhaps pushed by more traditional parties among his followers, in 749 he invaded the Duchy of the Pentapolis and besieged Perugia. Pope Zachary convinced him to lift the siege, but this further reduced his prestige among the dukes, who deposed him later year at an assembly in Milan. His brother Aistulf succeeded him. Ratchis initially tried to raise opposition to the assembly's decision, but soon was forced to take refuge in Rome. He later entered the abbey of Montecassino with his family.
Following Aistulf's passing in 756, Ratchis fought to reclaim the throne. He was able to gain control of the royal palace in Pavia with the support of several Lombard nobles, but was defeated by the duke of Tuscany, Desiderius, who had the support of Pope Stephen II and the Frankish king Pepin the Short. In 757, Ratchis retired again to a monastery, either Montecassino or Cervaro.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Also spelled Rachis, Raditschs, Radics, Radiks.
- ^ "Historia Langobardorum/Liber VI - Wikisource".
Sources
[edit]- Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum Storia dei Longobardi; introduzione di Claudio Leonardi; apparati critici e iconografici a cura di Roberto Cassanelli. Milan: Electa, 1985 (Latin & Italian)
- Jarnut, Jörg (1995) [1982]. Storia dei Longobardi. Translated by Guglielmotti, Paola. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 88-06-13658-5.
- Sergio Rovagnati, I Longobardi, Milan: Xenia, 2003 ISBN 88-7273-484-3
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