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The [[taxonomy]] of the '''[[Procellariidae]]''', or procellariids, is complex and still a matter of some debate. The traditional taxonomy breaks the procellariids into four main groups, the [[fulmarine petrel]]s, the [[prion (bird)|prions]], the [[gadfly petrel]]s and the [[shearwater]]s. Recent studies have called this arrangement into question.
The [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of the '''[[Procellariidae]]''', or procellariids, is complex and still a matter of some debate. The traditional taxonomy breaks the procellariids into four main groups, the [[fulmarine petrel]]s, the [[prion (bird)|prions]], the [[gadfly petrel]]s and the [[shearwater]]s. Recent studies have called this arrangement into question.


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==Traditional taxonomy==
==Traditional taxonomy==
This traditional taxonomy is based upon Carboneras (1992) in the ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]''.
[[image:2001588 Giant Petrel 2.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Giant Petrel]]s are the largest of the [[fulmarine petrel]]s]]
This traditional taxonomy is based upon Carboneras (1992) in the [[Handbook of the Birds of the World]].


'''[[Fulmarine petrel]]s'''
'''[[Fulmarine petrel]]s'''
*''[[Macronectes]]''
*''[[Macronectes]]''
<!-- ** [[Northern Giant Petrel]], ''Macronectes halli''
** [[Southern Giant Petrel]], ''Macronectes giganteus'' -->
*''[[Fulmarus]]''
*''[[Fulmarus]]''
<!-- ** [[Northern Fulmar]], ''Fulmarus glacialis''
** [[Southern Fulmar]], ''Fulmarus glacialoides'' -->
*''[[Thalassoica]]''
*''[[Thalassoica]]''
<!-- ** [[Antarctic Petrel]], ''Thalassoica antarctica'' -->
*''[[Daption]]''
*''[[Daption]]''
*''[[Snow petrel|Pagodroma]]''
<!-- ** [[Cape Petrel]], ''Daption capense'' -->
*''[[Pagodroma]]''
<!-- ** [[Snow Petrel]], ''Pagodroma nivea'' -->

'''[[Gadfly petrel]]s'''
'''[[Gadfly petrel]]s'''
*''[[Pterodroma]]''
*''[[Pterodroma]]''
<!-- ** [[Great-winged Petrel]], ''Pterodroma macroptera''
** [[Mascarene Petrel]], '' Pterodroma aterrima''
** [[Tahiti Petrel]], '' Pterodroma rostrata''
** [[Beck's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma becki''
** [[Large Saint Helena Petrel]], ''Pterodroma rupinarum'' ([[extinct]])
** [[White-headed Petrel]], '' Pterodroma lessonii''
** [[Black-capped Petrel]], '' Pterodroma hasitata''
** [[Jamaica Petrel]], ''Pterodroma caribbaea'' (probably [[extinct]])
** [[Bermuda Petrel]], '' Pterodroma cahow''
** [[Atlantic Petrel]], '' Pterodroma incerta''
** [[Phoenix Petrel]], '' Pterodroma alba''
** [[Mottled Petrel]], '' Pterodroma inexpectata''
** [[Providence Petrel]], '' Pterodroma solandri''
** [[Kerguelen Petrel]], '' Pterodroma brevirostris''
** [[Murphy's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma ultima''
** [[Kermadec Petrel]], '' Pterodroma neglecta''
** [[Magenta Petrel]], '' Pterodroma magentae''
** [[Herald Petrel]], '' Pterodroma arminjoniana''
** [[Soft-plumaged Petrel]], '' Pterodroma mollis''
** [[Fea's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma feae''
** [[Zino's Petrel]] or Madeira Petrel, '' Pterodroma madeira''
** [[Barau's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma baraui''
** [[Hawaiian Petrel]], ''Pterodroma sandwichensis''
** [[Dark-rumped Petrel]], '' Pterodroma phaeopygia''
** [[Juan Fernandez Petrel]], '' Pterodroma externa''
** [[White-necked Petrel]], '' Pterodroma cervicalis''
** [[Falla's Petrel]], ''Pterodroma occulta''
** [[Cook's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma cookii''
** [[Mas a Tierra Petrel]], '' Pterodroma defilippiana''
** [[Gould's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma leucoptera''
** Mangareva Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'' (possibly [[extinct]])
** [[Bonin Petrel]], '' Pterodroma hypoleuca''
** [[Black-winged Petrel]], '' Pterodroma nigripennis''
** [[Chatham Petrel]], '' Pterodroma axillaris''
** [[Stejneger's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma longirostris''
** [[Pycroft's Petrel]], '' Pterodroma pycrofti''
** [[Fiji Petrel]] '' Pterodroma macgillivrayi'' -->
*''[[Bulweria]]''
<!-- ** [[Bulwer's Petrel]], ''Bulweria bulwerii''
** [[Jouanin's Petrel]], ''Bulweria fallax''
** [[Small Saint Helena Petrel]], ''Bulweria bifax'' ([[extinct]]) -->

'''[[Prion (bird)|Prions]]'''
'''[[Prion (bird)|Prions]]'''
*''[[Halobaena]]''
*''[[Halobaena]]''
<!-- ** [[Blue Petrel]] ''Halobaena caerula'' -->
*''[[Pachyptila]]''
*''[[Pachyptila]]''
<!-- ** [[Fairy Prion]], ''Pachyptila turtur''
** [[Slender-billed Prion]], ''Pachyptila belcheri''
** [[Fulmar Prion]], ''Pachyptila crassirostris''
** [[Broad-billed Prion]], ''Pachyptila vittata''
** [[Antarctic Prion]], ''Pachyptila desolata''
** [[Salvin's Prion]], ''Pachyptila salvin'' -->

'''[[Shearwater]]s'''
'''[[Shearwater]]s'''
*''[[Procellaria]]''
*''[[Procellaria]]''
<!-- ** [[Grey Petrel]], ''Procellaria cinerea''
** [[White-chinned Petrel]], ''Procellaria aequinoctialis''
** [[Black Petrel]], ''Procellaria parkinsoni''
** [[Westland Petrel]], ''Procellaria westlandica'' -->
*''[[Calonectris]]''
*''[[Calonectris]]''
<!-- ** [[Streaked Shearwater]], ''Calonectris leucomelas ''
** [[Cory's Shearwater]], ''Calonectris diomedea ''
** [[Cape Verde Shearwater]], ''Calonectris edwardsii'' -->
*''[[Puffinus]]''
*''[[Puffinus]]''
<!-- ** [[Wedge-tailed Shearwater]], ''Puffinus pacificus ''
** [[Buller's Shearwater]], ''Puffinus bulleri ''
** [[Flesh-footed Shearwater]], ''Puffinus carneipes''
** [[Pink-footed Shearwater]], ''Puffinus creatopus''
** [[Great Shearwater]], ''Puffinus gravis ''
** [[Sooty Shearwater]], ''Puffinus griseus ''
** [[Short-tailed Shearwater]] or Mutton bird, ''Puffinus tenuirostris ''
** [[Heinroth's Shearwater]], ''Puffinus heinrothi ''
** [[Christmas Shearwater]], ''Puffinus nativatis ''
** [[Fluttering Shearwater]], ''Puffinus gavia ''
** [[Hutton's Shearwater]], ''Puffinus huttoni ''
** [[Manx Shearwater]], ''Puffinus puffinus ''
** [[Yelkouan Shearwater]], ''Puffinus yelkouan ''
** [[Balearic Shearwater]], ''Puffinus mauretanicus ''
** [[Black-vented Shearwater]], ''Puffinus opisthomelas ''
** [[Townsend's Shearwater]], ''Puffinus auriculatus ''
** [[Hawaiian Shearwater]], ''Puffinus newelli''
** [[Audubon's Shearwater]], ''Puffinus lherminieri ''
** [[Little Shearwater]], ''Puffinus assimilis ''
** [[North Atlantic Little Shearwater]], ''Puffinus baroli'' -->


==Revised taxonomy==
==Revised taxonomy==
Based on Austin (1996), Bretagnolle ''et al.'' (1998), Nunn & Stanley (1998) and Brooke (2004), several changes have been made from the more traditional taxonomy. The two species in the genus ''[[Bulweria]]'' are no longer considered close to the rest of the [[gadfly petrel]]s; several more gadfly petrels are removed from ''[[Pterodroma]]'' and placed in ''[[Pseudobulweria]]'' (allied to the shearwaters), and the [[Kerguelen Petrel]] is also removed from ''Pterodroma'' and placed in the monotypic ''[[Lugensa]]''. Several taxa are also elevated to species status on the basis of newer studies.
Based on Austin (1996), Bretagnolle ''et al.'' (1998), Nunn & Stanley (1998) and Brooke (2004), several changes have been made from the more traditional taxonomy. The two species in the genus ''[[Bulweria]]'' are no longer considered close to the rest of the [[gadfly petrel]]s; several more gadfly petrels are removed from ''[[Pterodroma]]'' and placed in ''[[Pseudobulweria]]'' (allied to the shearwaters), and the [[Kerguelen petrel]] is also removed from ''Pterodroma'' and placed in the monotypic ''[[Lugensa]]''. Several taxa are also elevated to species status on the basis of newer studies.


'''[[Fulmarine petrel]]s'''
'''[[Fulmarine petrel]]s'''
*'''''[[Macronectes]]'''''
* '''''[[Macronectes]]'''''
** ''Macronectes halli'', [[northern giant petrel]]
** [[Northern Giant Petrel]], ''M. halli''
** [[Southern Giant Petrel]], ''M. giganteus''
** ''Macronectes giganteus'', [[southern giant petrel]]
*'''''[[Fulmarus]]'''''
* '''''[[Fulmarus]]'''''
** [[Northern Fulmar]], ''F. glacialis''
** ''Fulmarus glacialis'', [[northern fulmar]]
** [[Southern Fulmar]], ''F. glacialoides''
** ''Fulmarus glacialoides'', [[southern fulmar]]
*'''''[[Thalassoica]]'''''
* '''''[[Thalassoica]]'''''
** [[Antarctic Petrel]], ''T. antarctica''
** ''Thalassoica antarctica'', [[Antarctic petrel]]
*'''''[[Daption]]'''''
* '''''[[Daption]]'''''
** [[Cape Petrel]], ''D. capense''
** ''Daption capense'', [[Cape petrel]]
*'''''[[Pagodroma]]'''''
* '''''[[Snow petrel|Pagodroma]]'''''
** [[Snow Petrel]], ''P. nivea''
** ''Pagodroma nivea'', [[snow petrel]]


[[Image:Halobaena caerulea.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Blue Petrel]] is related to the [[Prion (bird)|prions]]]]
[[File:Halobaena caerulea.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[blue petrel]] is related to the [[Prion (bird)|prions]]]]
'''[[Prion (bird)|Prions]]'''
'''[[Prion (bird)|Prions]]'''
*'''''[[Halobaena]]'''''
*'''''[[Pelecanoides]]'''''
**''Pelecanoides garnotii'', [[Peruvian diving-petrel]]
** [[Blue Petrel]] ''H. caerula''
**''Pelecanoides magellani'', [[Magellanic diving-petrel]]
*'''''[[Pachyptila]]'''''
**''Pelecanoides georgicus'', [[South Georgia diving-petrel]]
** [[Fairy Prion]], ''P. turtur''
**''Pelecanoides urinatrix'', [[common diving-petrel]]
** [[Slender-billed Prion]], ''P. belcheri''
** [[Fulmar Prion]], ''P. crassirostris''
* '''''[[Halobaena]]'''''
** ''Halobaena caerula'', [[blue petrel]]
** [[Broad-billed Prion]], ''P. vittata''
** [[Antarctic Prion]], ''P. desolata''
* '''''[[Pachyptila]]'''''
** ''Pachyptila turtur'', [[fairy prion]]
** [[Salvin's Prion]], ''P. salvin''
** ''Pachyptila belcheri'', [[slender-billed prion]]
** ''Pachyptila crassirostris'', [[fulmar prion]]
** ''Pachyptila vittata'', [[broad-billed prion]]
** ''Pachyptila desolata'', [[Antarctic prion]]
** ''Pachyptila salvin'', [[Salvin's prion]]


'''[[Shearwater|Procellarine petrels]]'''
'''[[Shearwater|Procellarine petrels]]'''
*'''''[[Procellaria]]'''''
* '''''[[Procellaria]]'''''
** ''Procellaria aequinoctialis'', [[white-chinned petrel]]
** [[White-chinned Petrel]], ''P. aequinoctialis''
** [[Spectacled Petrel]], ''P. conspicillata''
** ''Procellaria conspicillata'', [[spectacled petrel]]
** [[Westland Petrel]], ''P. westlandica''
** ''Procellaria westlandica'', [[Westland petrel]]
** [[Black Petrel]], ''P. parkinsoni''
** ''Procellaria parkinsoni'', [[black petrel]]
** [[Grey Petrel]], ''P, cinerea''
** ''Procellaria cinerea'', [[grey petrel]]
*'''''[[Bulweria]]'''''
* '''''[[Bulweria]]'''''
** [[Bulwer's Petrel]], ''B. bulwerii''
** ''Bulweria bulwerii'', [[Bulwer's petrel]]
** [[Jouanin's Petrel]], ''B. fallax''
** ''Bulweria fallax'', [[Jouanin's petrel]]
** [[Small Saint Helena Petrel]], ''B. bifax'' ([[extinct]])
** †''Bulweria bifax'', [[small Saint Helena petrel]] ([[Extinction|extinct]])


'''[[Shearwater]]s'''
'''[[Shearwater]]s'''
*'''''[[Calonectris]]'''''
* '''''[[Calonectris]]'''''
** ''Calonectris borealis'', [[Cory's shearwater]]
** [[Cory's Shearwater]], ''C. (diomedea) borealis ''
***Scopoli's Shearwater, ''C. (diomedea) diomedea''
** ''Calonectris diomedea'', [[Scopoli's shearwater]]
** [[Cape Verde Shearwater]], ''C. edwardsii''
** ''Calonectris edwardsii'', [[Cape Verde shearwater]]
** [[Streaked Shearwater]], ''C. leucomelas ''
** ''Calonectris leucomelas'', [[streaked shearwater]]
*'''''[[Puffinus]]'''''
* '''''[[Puffinus]]'''''
* (Sub)Genus ''Puffinus'' ("Puffinus" group) - smaller species, closely related to ''Calonectris''
* (Sub)Genus ''Puffinus'' ("Puffinus" group) - smaller species, closely related to ''[[Calonectris]]''
** [[Christmas Shearwater]], ''P. nativatis ''
** ''Puffinus nativatis'', [[Christmas shearwater]]
** [[Galápagos Shearwater]], ''P. subalaris''
** ''Puffinus subalaris'', [[Galápagos shearwater]]
** ''Puffinus gavia'', [[fluttering shearwater]]
** [[Fluttering Shearwater]], ''P. gavia ''
** [[Hutton's Shearwater]], ''P. huttoni ''
** ''Puffinus huttoni'', [[Hutton's shearwater]]
** [[Yelkouan Shearwater]], ''P. yelkouan ''
** ''Puffinus yelkouan'', [[yelkouan shearwater]]
** [[Balearic Shearwater]], ''P. mauretanicus ''
** ''Puffinus mauretanicus'', [[Balearic shearwater]]
** [[Little Shearwater]], ''P. assimilis ''
** ''Puffinus assimilis'', [[little shearwater]]
** [[Heinroth's Shearwater]], ''P. heinrothi ''
** ''Puffinus heinrothi'', [[Heinroth's shearwater]]
** [[Audubon's Shearwater]], ''P. lherminieri ''
** ''Puffinus lherminieri'', [[Audubon's shearwater]]
*** [[North Atlantic Little Shearwater]], ''P. (lherminieri) baroli''
*** ''Puffinus (lherminieri) baroli'', [[North Atlantic little shearwater]]
*** Persian Shearwater, ''P. (lherminieri) persicus''
*** ''Puffinus (lherminieri) persicus'', [[Persian shearwater]]
*** ''Puffinus (lherminieri) bailloni'', [[tropical shearwater]] or Baillon's shearwater
*** [[Tropical Shearwater]] or Baillon's Shearwater, ''P. (lherminieri) bailloni''
*** Bannerman's Shearwater, ''P. (lherminieri) bannermani''
*** ''Puffinus (lherminieri) bannermani'', [[Bannerman's shearwater]]
** ''Puffinus puffinus'', [[Manx shearwater]]
** [[Manx Shearwater]], ''P. puffinus ''
** ''Puffinus opisthomelas'', [[black-vented shearwater]]
** [[Black-vented Shearwater]], ''P. opisthomelas ''
** [[Townsend's Shearwater]], ''P. auricularis ''
** ''Puffinus auricularis'', [[Townsend's shearwater]]
** [[Hawaiian Shearwater]], ''P. newelli''
** ''Puffinus newelli'', [[Hawaiian shearwater]]
** [[Bermuda Shearwater]], ''P. parvus'' ([[extinct]])
** †''Puffinus parvus'', [[Bermuda shearwater]] ([[extinction|extinct]])
[[Image:Kappensturmtaucher.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Great Shearwater]]s belong to the "Neonectris" group of their [[genus]]]]
[[File:Kappensturmtaucher.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Great shearwater]]s belong to the "Neonectris" group of their [[genus]]]]
* (Sub)Genus ''Ardenna'' ("Neonectris" group) - larger species, a distinct lineage
* (Sub)Genus ''Ardenna'' ("Neonectris" group) - larger species, a distinct lineage
** [[Pink-footed shearwater]], ''P. creatopus''
** ''Puffinus creatopus'', [[pink-footed shearwater]]
** [[Flesh-footed Shearwater]], ''P. carneipes''
** ''Puffinus carneipes'', [[flesh-footed shearwater]]
** [[Great Shearwater]], ''P. gravis ''
** ''Puffinus gravis'', [[great shearwater]]
** [[Sooty Shearwater]], ''P. griseus ''
** ''Puffinus griseus'', [[sooty shearwater]]
** ''Puffinus tenuirostris'', [[short-tailed shearwater]]
** [[Short-tailed Shearwater]] or Mutton bird, ''P. tenuirostris ''
** [[Wedge-tailed Shearwater]], ''P. pacificus ''
** ''Puffinus pacificus'', [[wedge-tailed shearwater]]
** [[Buller's Shearwater]], ''P. bulleri ''
** ''Puffinus bulleri'', [[Buller's shearwater]]
*'''''[[Pseudobulweria]]'''''
* '''''[[Pseudobulweria]]'''''
** ''Puffinus macgillivrayi'', [[Fiji petrel]]
** [[Fiji Petrel]] '' P. macgillivrayi''
** [[Tahiti Petrel]], '' P. rostrata''
** ''Puffinus rostrata'', [[Tahiti petrel]]
** [[Beck's Petrel]], '' P. becki''
** ''Puffinus becki'', [[Beck's petrel]]
** [[Mascarene Petrel]], '' P. aterrima''
** ''Puffinus aterrima'', [[Mascarene petrel]]
** [[Large Saint Helena Petrel]], ''P. rupinarum'' ([[extinct]])
** †''Puffinus rupinarus'', [[large Saint Helena petrel]] ([[Extinction|extinct]])
*'''''[[Lugensa]]'''''
* '''''[[Aphrodroma]]'''''
** [[Kerguelen Petrel]], '' Lugensa brevirostris''
** ''Aphrodroma brevirostris'', [[Kerguelen petrel]]


'''[[Gadfly petrel]]s'''
'''[[Gadfly petrel]]s'''
*'''''[[Pterodroma]]'''''
* '''''[[Pterodroma]]'''''
** [[Barau's Petrel]], '' P. baraui''
** ''Pterodroma baraui'', [[Barau's petrel]]
** [[Trinidade Petrel]], '' P. arminjoniana''
** ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'', [[Trindade petrel]]
*** Herald Petrel, ''P. (arminjoniana) heraldica''
*** ''Pterodroma (arminjoniana) heraldica'', [[herald petrel]]
** [[Juan Fernandez Petrel]], '' P. externa''
** ''Pterodroma externa'', [[Juan Fernandez petrel]]
** [[Kermadec Petrel]], '' P. neglecta''
** ''Pterodroma neglecta'', [[Kermadec petrel]]
** [[Galapagos Petrel]], '' P. phaeopygia''
** ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'', [[Galapagos petrel]]
** [[Hawaiian Petrel]], ''P. sandwichensis''
** ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'', [[Hawaiian petrel]]
** [[Henderson Petrel]], ''P. atrata''
** ''Pterodroma atrata'', [[Henderson petrel]]
** [[Phoenix Petrel]], '' P. alba''
** ''Pterodroma alba'', [[Phoenix petrel]]
** [[Fea's Petrel]], '' P. feae''
** ''Pterodroma feae'', [[Fea's petrel]]
** [[Zino's Petrel]] or '''Madeira Petrel''', '' P. madeira''
** ''Pterodroma madeira'', [[Zino's petrel]] or '''Madeira petrel'''
** [[Soft-plumaged Petrel]], '' P. mollis''
** ''Pterodroma mollis'', [[soft-plumaged petrel]]
** [[Bermuda Petrel]], '' P. cahow''
** ''Pterodroma cahow'', [[Bermuda petrel]]
** [[Black-capped Petrel]], '' P. hasitata''
** ''Pterodroma hasitata'', [[black-capped petrel]]
** [[Jamaica Petrel]], ''P. caribbaea'' (probably [[extinct]])
** †''Pterodroma caribbaea'', [[Jamaica petrel]] (probably [[Extinction|extinct]])
** [[Atlantic Petrel]], '' P. incerta''
** ''Pterodroma incerta'', [[Atlantic petrel]]
** [[White-headed Petrel]], '' P. lessonii''
** ''Pterodroma lessonii'', [[white-headed petrel]]
** [[Magenta Petrel]], '' P. magentae''
** ''Pterodroma magentae'', [[magenta petrel]]
** [[Great-winged Petrel]], ''P. macroptera''
** ''Pterodroma macroptera'', [[great-winged petrel]]
** [[Providence Petrel]], '' P. solandri''
** ''Pterodroma solandri'', [[providence petrel]]
** [[Murphy's Petrel]], '' P. ultima''
** ''Pterodroma ultima'', [[Murphy's petrel]]
** [[Mottled Petrel]], '' P. inexpectata''[[Image:BOPE.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Bonin Petrel]], a small [[gadfly petrel]]]]
** ''Pterodroma inexpectata'', [[mottled petrel]][[File:BOPE.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Bonin petrel]], a small [[gadfly petrel]]]]
** [[Pycroft's Petrel]], '' P. pycrofti''
** ''Pterodroma pycrofti'', [[Pycroft's petrel]]
** [[Stejneger's Petrel]], '' P. longirostris''
** ''Pterodroma longirostris'', [[Stejneger's petrel]]
** [[Collared Petrel]], '' P. brevipes''
** ''Pterodroma brevipes'', [[collared petrel]]
** [[Gould's Petrel]], '' P. leucoptera''
** ''Pterodroma leucoptera'', [[Gould's petrel]]
** Mangareva Petrel, ''P.'' cf. ''leucoptera'' (possibly [[extinct]])
** †''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'', [[Mangareva petrel]] (possibly [[Extinction|extinct]])
** [[Cook's Petrel]], '' P. cookii''
** ''Pterodroma cookii'', [[Cook's petrel]]
** [[Mas a Tierra Petrel]], '' P. defilippiana''
** ''Pterodroma defilippiana'', [[Masatierra petrel]]
** [[Bonin Petrel]], '' P. hypoleuca''
** ''Pterodroma hypoleuca'', [[Bonin petrel]]
** [[White-necked Petrel]], '' P. cervicalis''
** ''Pterodroma cervicalis'', [[white-necked petrel]]
** [[Falla's Petrel]], ''P. occulta''
** ''Pterodroma occulta'', [[Vanuatu petrel]]
** ''Pterodroma nigripennis'', [[black-winged petrel]]
** [[Black-winged Petrel]], '' P. nigripennis''
** [[Chatham Petrel]], '' P. axillaris''
** ''Pterodroma axillaris'', [[Chatham petrel]]


An undescribed [[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|prehistorically extinct]] species was found on [[Easter Island]]. For other non-Recent extinctions, see the genus accounts.
An undescribed [[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|prehistorically extinct]] species was found on [[Easter Island]]. For other non-Recent extinctions, see the genus accounts.


==References==
==References==
{{No footnotes|date=August 2009}}
* Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of ''Puffinus'' Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome ''b'' Gene Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''6'''(1): 77–88 {{DOI|10.1006/mpev.1996.0060}} (HTML abstract)
* Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of ''Puffinus'' Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome ''b'' Gene Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''6'''(1): 77–88 {{doi|10.1006/mpev.1996.0060}} (HTML abstract)
* Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998): Cytochrome-''b'' evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of ''Pseudobulweria'' and ''Bulweria'' (Procellariidae). ''Auk'' '''115'''(1):188-195 [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v115n01/p0188-p0195.pdf PDf fulltext]
* Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998): Cytochrome-''b'' evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of ''Pseudobulweria'' and ''Bulweria'' (Procellariidae). ''Auk'' '''115'''(1):188-195 [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217191834/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v115n01/p0188-p0195.pdf PDf fulltext]
* Brooke, M. (2004): ''Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
* Carboneras, C. (1992): Family Procellariidae (Petrels and Shearwaters). ''In: [[Handbook of Birds of the World]]'' '''1'''. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-10-5
* Brooke, M. (2004): ''Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. {{ISBN|0-19-850125-0}}
* Carboneras, C. (1992): Family Procellariidae (Petrels and Shearwaters). ''In: [[Handbook of Birds of the World]]'' '''1'''. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-87334-10-5}}
* Imber, M.J. (1985): Origins, phylogeny and taxonomy of the gadfly petrels ''Pterodroma'' spp.. ''[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]'' '''127''': 197-229.
* Imber, M.J. (1985): Origins, phylogeny and taxonomy of the gadfly petrels ''Pterodroma'' spp.. ''[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]'' '''127''': 197–229.
* Nunn, Gary B. & Stanley, Scott E. (1998): Body Size Effects and Rates of Cytochrome ''b'' Evolution in Tube-Nosed Seabirds. ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' '''15''': 1360-1371. [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/15/10/1360.pdf PDF fulltext] [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/17/11/1774.pdf Corrigendum]
* Nunn, Gary B. & Stanley, Scott E. (1998): Body Size Effects and Rates of Cytochrome ''b'' Evolution in Tube-Nosed Seabirds. ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' '''15''': 1360–1371. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060823131227/http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/15/10/1360.pdf PDF fulltext] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060823131221/http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/17/11/1774.pdf Corrigendum]

{{Procellariiformes}}


[[Category:Biology lists|Procellariidae]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Procellariidae}}
<!-- [[Category:Lists of species|Procellariidae]] last category already included here -->
[[Category:Procellariidae|*]]
[[Category:Procellariidae|*]]
[[Category:Lists of birds]]
[[Category:Lists of animal species|Procellariidae]]

Latest revision as of 19:51, 31 August 2023

The taxonomy of the Procellariidae, or procellariids, is complex and still a matter of some debate. The traditional taxonomy breaks the procellariids into four main groups, the fulmarine petrels, the prions, the gadfly petrels and the shearwaters. Recent studies have called this arrangement into question.

Traditional taxonomy

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This traditional taxonomy is based upon Carboneras (1992) in the Handbook of the Birds of the World.

Fulmarine petrels

Gadfly petrels

Prions

Shearwaters

Revised taxonomy

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Based on Austin (1996), Bretagnolle et al. (1998), Nunn & Stanley (1998) and Brooke (2004), several changes have been made from the more traditional taxonomy. The two species in the genus Bulweria are no longer considered close to the rest of the gadfly petrels; several more gadfly petrels are removed from Pterodroma and placed in Pseudobulweria (allied to the shearwaters), and the Kerguelen petrel is also removed from Pterodroma and placed in the monotypic Lugensa. Several taxa are also elevated to species status on the basis of newer studies.

Fulmarine petrels

The blue petrel is related to the prions

Prions

Procellarine petrels

Shearwaters

Great shearwaters belong to the "Neonectris" group of their genus

Gadfly petrels

An undescribed prehistorically extinct species was found on Easter Island. For other non-Recent extinctions, see the genus accounts.

References

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  • Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(1): 77–88 doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060 (HTML abstract)
  • Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998): Cytochrome-b evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudobulweria and Bulweria (Procellariidae). Auk 115(1):188-195 PDf fulltext
  • Brooke, M. (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
  • Carboneras, C. (1992): Family Procellariidae (Petrels and Shearwaters). In: Handbook of Birds of the World 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-10-5
  • Imber, M.J. (1985): Origins, phylogeny and taxonomy of the gadfly petrels Pterodroma spp.. Ibis 127: 197–229.
  • Nunn, Gary B. & Stanley, Scott E. (1998): Body Size Effects and Rates of Cytochrome b Evolution in Tube-Nosed Seabirds. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15: 1360–1371. PDF fulltext Corrigendum
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