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{{Short description|Chan Buddhist monk and intellect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
{{Infobox religious biography
|background = #FFD068 | color = black
|name = Yuanwu Keqin
|name = Yuanwu Keqin
|image =
|image = Yuanwu keqin 48th generation.jpg
|caption =
|caption =
|birth name =
|birth name =
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|death_date = 1135
|death_date = 1135
|death_place =
|death_place =
|nationality = [[Chinese people|Chinese]]
|nationality = [[Han Chinese]]
|religion =
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|school = [[Ch'an]]
|school = [[Chan Buddhism]]
|lineage =
|lineage =
|title = [[Ch'an]] monk
|title = [[bhikkhu|monk]]
|location =
|location =
|education =
|education =
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}}
}}
{{Zen Buddhism}}
{{Zen Buddhism}}
'''Yuanwu Keqin''' ({{zh|c=圜悟克勤|w=Yuan-wu K'e-ch'in}}; Japanese: Engo Kokugon) (1063–1135) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[Chinese Chán|Chán]] [[Buddhist monk]] who compiled the ''[[Blue Cliff Record]]'' (Wade-Giles: Pi-yen Lu; Japanese: Hekiganroku).{{sfn|Cleary|1994}}
'''Yuanwu Keqin''' ({{zh|c=圓悟克勤|w=Yuan-wu K'e-ch'in|p=Yuánwù Kèqín}}; [[Japanese language|Japanese]]: Engo Kokugon) (1063–1135) was a [[Han Chinese]] [[Chan Buddhism|Chan monk]] who compiled the ''[[Blue Cliff Record]]''.{{sfn|Cleary|Cleary|1994}}


==Biography==
==Biography==
Yuanwu Keqin was born into the Lo family of P'eng-chou, Szechuan, in 1063. His family was well-educated in Confucianism, a sign of acquaintance with the Chinese civil service.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=73}} Nevertheless, Yuanwu Keqin choose a Buddhist career and entered Miao-chi monastery. He ended his formal studies under Wu-tsu Fa-yen (10247-1104) when he was in his forties.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=73}}
Yuanwu Keqin was born into the Le family of [[Pengzhou]], [[Sichuan]], in 1063. His family was well educated in [[Confucianism]], a sign of acquaintance with the Chinese civil service.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=73}} Nevertheless, Yuanwu Keqin choose a [[Pabbajjā|Buddhist monastic path]] and entered Miaoji Monastery ({{zh|t=妙寂禪院|p=Miàojì Chányuàn}},a [[Buddhist monastery]] in Pengzhou. He ended his formal studies under Wuzu Fayan (1047-1104) when he was in his forties.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=73}} Yuanwu Keqin was closely involved in the literati circles.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=74}}


⚫
==''Blue Cliff Record''==
Yuanwu Keqin was closely involved in the literati circles.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=74}}

⚫
==Blue Cliff Record==
{{Main|Blue Cliff Record}}
{{Main|Blue Cliff Record}}


Yuanwu Keqin belonged to the [[Linji school]]. He was the teacher of [[Dahui Zonggao]], who introduced the [[Hua Tou]] practice.{{sfn|Schlütter|2008}}
Yuanwu Keqin belonged to the [[Linji school]]. He was the teacher of [[Dahui Zonggao]], who introduced the [[Hua Tou]] practice.{{sfn|Schlütter|2008}}


Starting from the year 1112 on, Yuan-wu started to lecture on the ''Pai-tse sung-ku'' ("One Hundred Old Cases and Verses [to the Cases]"){{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=72}}, compiled by Xuedou Zhongxian (Wade-Giles: Hsueh-tou Chung-hsien; Japanese: Setcho Juken) (980–1052). These lectures resulted in the ''Pi-yen lu'', the "Blue Cliff Record".{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=76}}{{sfn|Cleary|1994}}
Starting from the year 1112 on, Yuan-wu started to lecture on the ''One Hundred Old Cases and Verses [to the Cases]''{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=72}} compiled by Xuedou Zhongxian (980–1052). These lectures resulted in the ''[[Blue Cliff Record]]''.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=76}}{{sfn|Cleary|Cleary|1994}}


The Blue Cliff Record gives clear instructions about the correct approach to [[Koan|Ch'an kung-an]]. Yuan-wu went as far as to annotate the poems line by line,{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=77}} to make clear the correct reading of Hsueh-tou's appended verses,{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=76}} which are complex, because of the rich use of symbolism, and the allusions to Chinese secular literature and to Ch'an history.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=77}}
The ''Blue Cliff Record'' gives clear instructions about the correct approach to [[kōan]]. Yuanwu went as far as to annotate the poems line by line{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=77}} to make clear the correct reading of Xuedou's appended verses,{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=76}} which are complex, because of the rich use of symbolism and the allusions to Chinese secular literature and to Chan history.{{sfn|Hsieh|1994|p=77}}


According to the Chán-tradition, the Blue Cliff Record gained such a popularity, that Dahui Zonggao burned all the copies he could lay hands on, and the wooden printing blocks.{{sfn|Schlütter|2008}}
According to the Chán-tradition, the Blue Cliff Record gained such a popularity, that Dahui Zonggao burned all the copies he could lay hands on, and the wooden printing blocks.{{sfn|Schlütter|2008}}
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{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Cleary | first1 =J. C. | last2 =Cleary | first2 =Thomas | year =1994 | title =Zen Letters: Teachings of Yuanwu | publisher = Shambhala Publications}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Cleary | first1 =J. C. | last2 =Cleary | first2 =Thomas | year =1994 | title =Zen Letters: Teachings of Yuanwu | publisher = Shambhala Publications}}
* {{Citation | last =Hsieh | first =Ding-Hwa Evely | year =1994 | title = Yuan-wu K'o-ch'in's (1063-1135) Teaching of Ch'an Kung-an Practice: A Transition from the Literary Study of Ch'an Kung-an to the Practical K'an-hua Ch'an | journal =Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies. Volume 17, Number 1, Summer 1994}}
* {{Citation | last =Hsieh | first =Ding-Hwa Evely | year =1994 | title = Yuan-wu K'o-ch'in's (1063-1135) Teaching of Ch'an Kung-an Practice: A Transition from the Literary Study of Ch'an Kung-an to the Practical K'an-hua Ch'an | journal =Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies |volume=17 |issue=1 |date=Summer 1994}}
* {{Citation | last =Schlütter | first =Morten | year =2008 | title =How Zen became Zen. The Dispute over Enlightenment and the Formation of Chan Buddhism in Song-Dynasty China | place =Honolulu | publisher =University of Hawai'i Press | isbn =978-0-8248-3508-8}}
* {{Citation | last =Schlütter | first =Morten | year =2008 | title =How Zen became Zen. The Dispute over Enlightenment and the Formation of Chan Buddhism in Song-Dynasty China | place =Honolulu | publisher =University of Hawai'i Press | isbn =978-0-8248-3508-8}}


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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Cleary, Thomas & Cleary, J.C. (1977) The Blue Cliff Record, Shambhala Publications, ISBN 0-8773-622-7
*Cleary, Thomas & Cleary, J.C. (1977) The Blue Cliff Record, Shambhala Publications, {{ISBN|978-0-87773-622-6}}
*Cleary, Thomas (2000) Secrets of the Blue Cliff Record: Zen comments by Hakuin and Tenkei, Shambhala ISBN 1-57062-738-X
*Cleary, J. C.; Cleary, Thomas (1994), Zen Letters: Teachings of Yuanwu, Shambhala Publications, {{ISBN| 978-1570627033}}
*Cleary, Thomas (2000) Secrets of the Blue Cliff Record: Zen comments by Hakuin and Tenkei, Shambhala {{ISBN|1-57062-738-X}}


==External links==
==External links==
* ''[http://www.dailyzen.com/zen/zen_reading0502.asp Hidden Treasure]''
* ''[http://www.dailyzen.com/zen/zen_reading0502.asp Hidden Treasure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716193044/http://www.dailyzen.com/zen/zen_reading0502.asp |date=16 July 2012 }}''


{{Navbox Zen}}
{{Zen}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=37145249}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Yuanwu Keqin
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Chinese writer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1063
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[China]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1135
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuanwu Keqin}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuanwu Keqin}}
[[Category:1063 births]]
[[Category:1063 births]]
[[Category:1135 deaths]]
[[Category:1135 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese spiritual writers]]
[[Category:Chinese spiritual writers]]
[[Category:Zen Buddhist monks and priests]]
[[Category:Chan Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Song Dynasty Buddhists]]
[[Category:Song dynasty Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Chinese Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Chinese Zen Buddhists]]
[[Category:Chinese Zen Buddhists]]
[[Category:Song Dynasty writers]]
[[Category:Song dynasty writers]]
[[Category:People from Chengdu]]
[[Category:Writers from Chengdu]]
[[Category:Writers from Fujian]]


⚫
{{zen-bio-stub}}

⚫
{{zen-stub}}
{{China-writer-stub}}
{{China-writer-stub}}

[[fr:Yuanwu Keqin]]
[[ja:圜悟克勤]]
[[pl:Yuanwu Keqin]]
[[sh:Yuanwu Keqin]]
[[vi:Viên Ngộ Khắc Cần]]
[[zh:圆悟克勤]]

Latest revision as of 17:39, 21 August 2023

Yuanwu Keqin
Titlemonk
Personal
Born1063
China
Died1135
ReligionBuddhism
NationalityHan Chinese
SchoolChan Buddhism
Senior posting
SuccessorDahui Zonggao
禪 Zen
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Yuanwu Keqin (Chinese: 圓悟克勤; pinyin: Yuánwù Kèqín; Wade–Giles: Yuan-wu K'e-ch'in; Japanese: Engo Kokugon) (1063–1135) was a Han Chinese Chan monk who compiled the Blue Cliff Record.[1]

Biography

[edit]

Yuanwu Keqin was born into the Le family of Pengzhou, Sichuan, in 1063. His family was well educated in Confucianism, a sign of acquaintance with the Chinese civil service.[2] Nevertheless, Yuanwu Keqin choose a Buddhist monastic path and entered Miaoji Monastery (Chinese: 妙寂禪院; pinyin: Miàojì Chányuàn,a Buddhist monastery in Pengzhou. He ended his formal studies under Wuzu Fayan (1047-1104) when he was in his forties.[2] Yuanwu Keqin was closely involved in the literati circles.[3]

Blue Cliff Record

[edit]
Main article: Blue Cliff Record

Yuanwu Keqin belonged to the Linji school. He was the teacher of Dahui Zonggao, who introduced the Hua Tou practice.[4]

Starting from the year 1112 on, Yuan-wu started to lecture on the One Hundred Old Cases and Verses [to the Cases][5] compiled by Xuedou Zhongxian (980–1052). These lectures resulted in the Blue Cliff Record.[6][1]

The Blue Cliff Record gives clear instructions about the correct approach to kōan. Yuanwu went as far as to annotate the poems line by line[7] to make clear the correct reading of Xuedou's appended verses,[6] which are complex, because of the rich use of symbolism and the allusions to Chinese secular literature and to Chan history.[7]

According to the Chán-tradition, the Blue Cliff Record gained such a popularity, that Dahui Zonggao burned all the copies he could lay hands on, and the wooden printing blocks.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Cleary & Cleary 1994.
  2. ^ a b Hsieh 1994, p. 73.
  3. ^ Hsieh 1994, p. 74.
  4. ^ a b Schlütter 2008.
  5. ^ Hsieh 1994, p. 72.
  6. ^ a b Hsieh 1994, p. 76.
  7. ^ a b Hsieh 1994, p. 77.

Sources

[edit]
  • Cleary, J. C.; Cleary, Thomas (1994), Zen Letters: Teachings of Yuanwu, Shambhala Publications
  • Hsieh, Ding-Hwa Evely (Summer 1994), "Yuan-wu K'o-ch'in's (1063-1135) Teaching of Ch'an Kung-an Practice: A Transition from the Literary Study of Ch'an Kung-an to the Practical K'an-hua Ch'an", Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 17 (1){{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Schlütter, Morten (2008), How Zen became Zen. The Dispute over Enlightenment and the Formation of Chan Buddhism in Song-Dynasty China, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-3508-8

Further reading

[edit]
  • Cleary, Thomas & Cleary, J.C. (1977) The Blue Cliff Record, Shambhala Publications, ISBN 978-0-87773-622-6
  • Cleary, J. C.; Cleary, Thomas (1994), Zen Letters: Teachings of Yuanwu, Shambhala Publications, ISBN 978-1570627033
  • Cleary, Thomas (2000) Secrets of the Blue Cliff Record: Zen comments by Hakuin and Tenkei, Shambhala ISBN 1-57062-738-X
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