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{{short description|American-Canadian poet}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Josephine Jacobsen
| name = Josephine Jacobsen
| birth_name = Josephine Winder Boylan
| birth_name = Josephine Winder Boylan
| birth_date = {{birth date|1908|8|19}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1908|8|19}}
| birth_place = Coburg, Ontario, Canada
| birth_place = [[Cobourg]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2003|07|09|1908|08|19}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=|2003|07|09|1908|08|19}}
| death_place = Cockneyville, Maryland, USA
| death_place = [[Cockeysville, Maryland]] U.S.
| occupation = {{flatlist|
| occupations = Spouse, Mother, Writer
* Spouse
* Mother
* writer
}}
| nationality = American
| nationality = American
| education = Self-educated and private tutors
| alma_mater = [[Roland Park Country School]] in Baltimore
| genres = Poetry, short stories, reviews
| genres = Poetry, short stories, reviews
| notableworks = ''In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems'' (1995) won the [[Poets' Prize]].<ref>[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed May 8, 2015.]</ref>
| notableworks = ''In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems'' (1995) won the [[Poets' Prize]].<ref name="poemhunter1">[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed May 8, 2015.]</ref>
| children = 1
| spouse = Eric Jacobsen, 63 years
| children = Erlend Jacobsen
| awards = Received multiple grants, prizes, and awards.<ref>John Wheatcroft, ''Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking'' (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 103.</ref><br/>[[Robert Frost Medal]] <small>(1997)</small>
| years_active = Eight decades<ref>[http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/jacobsen.html Maryland Women Hall of Fame.]</ref>
}}
}}


'''Josephine Jacobsen''' (19 August 1908 – 9 July 2003) was an American poet, short story writer, essayist, and critic. She was appointed the twenty-first Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1971.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/n50027989/josephine-jacobsen-1908-2003/ Library of Congress.]</ref> In 1997, she received the [[Poetry Society of America]]’s highest award, the [[Robert Frost Medal]] for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry.
'''Josephine Jacobsen''' (19 August 1908 – 9 July 2003) was a Canadian-born American poet, short story writer, essayist, and critic. She was appointed the twenty-first Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1971.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/n50027989/josephine-jacobsen-1908-2003/ Library of Congress.]</ref> In 1997, she received the [[Poetry Society of America]]'s highest award, the [[Robert Frost Medal]] for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry.


==Early life and education==
==Birth==
Josephine Jacobsen, in full Josephine Winder Jacobsen, née Josephine Winder Boylan was born August 19, 1908 in [[Coburg]], Ontario, Canada.<ref>"Josephine Jacobsen". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref> Her birth was “premature and dramatic”. Her American parents were vacationing in Canada and anticipated her arrival several months later. The baby Jacobsen weighed only two-and-a-half pounds and was not expected to survive. However, her mother, Octavia Winder Boylan, was determined that she would survive. At age 94, recalling her birth, Jacobsen reflected, "I must have been a fierce particle."<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> Jacobsen was taken to New York at age three months.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>
Jacobsen was born Josephine Boylan on August 19, 1908, in [[Cobourg]], Ontario, Canada.<ref name="autogenerated2">"Josephine Jacobsen". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref> Her American parents were vacationing in Canada and anticipated her arrival several months later. The baby Jacobsen weighed only two-and-a-half pounds and was not expected to survive. However, her mother, Octavia Winder Boylan, was determined that she would survive. Jacobsen was taken to New York at age three months.<ref name="nytimes2003">[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>


Jacobsen’s father, a doctor and amateur [[Egyptologist]], died when she was five.<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> Her brother suffered a nervous breakdown; her mother suffered bouts of manic depression. Jacobsen found solace in reading the poetry of [[Robert W. Service]] and [[Rudyard Kipling]] and they inspired her to begin writing poetry.<ref>[http://allpoetry.com/Josephine-Jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen, 1908-2003". Accessed January 6, 2016.]</ref>
Jacobsen's father, a doctor and amateur [[Egyptologist]], died when she was five.<ref name="poetrysociety1">[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> Her brother suffered a [[nervous breakdown]]; her mother suffered bouts of manic depression. Jacobsen found solace in reading the poetry of [[Robert W. Service]] and [[Rudyard Kipling]] and they inspired her to begin writing poetry.<ref>[http://allpoetry.com/Josephine-Jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen, 1908-2003". Accessed January 6, 2016.]</ref>


After her father's death, Josephine and her mother traveled constantly, which prevented her from going to school. They did not settle in one place long enough for Josephine to go to school. Taught by private tutors, she became a voracious reader.<ref name="poetrysociety1"/>
==Education==
After her father's death, Josephine and her mother traveled constantly. This prevented her from going to school. They did not settle in one place long enough for Josephine to go to school. Taught by private tutors, she became a voracious reader.<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


At age fourteen, Jacobsen moved to Maryland with her mother and lived there until her death. There she was again educated by private tutors at [[Roland Park Country School]] in Baltimore, graduating in 1926.<ref> [http://allpoetry.com/Josephine-Jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen, 1908-2003". Accessed March 9, 2016.]</ref><br/><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>
At age fourteen, Jacobsen moved to Maryland with her mother and lived there until her death. There she was, again, educated by private tutors at [[Roland Park Country School]] in Baltimore, graduating in 1926.<ref>[http://allpoetry.com/Josephine-Jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen, 1908-2003". Accessed March 9, 2016.]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>


Jacobsen’s mother never went to college, but like her daughter she was a “tremendous reader”.<ref>John Wheatcroft, Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 109.</ref> Thus, it followed that when her daughter’s headmistress suggested that Jacobsen go to college, her mother disagreed, so her daughter never attended college. Instead, Jacobsen “wrote, travelled, and acted with the Vagabond Players (a well-known Baltimore theatre troupe) until 1932 when she married”. Her husband was Eric Jacobsen, a tea importer. They were “happily” married for 63 years until he died in 1995.<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society).] Accessed April 18, 2016.<br/>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/19/books/an-appreciation-josephine-jacobsen-s-legacy-the-physical-thrill-of-poetry.html Benjamin Ivry, “An Appreciation; Josephine Jacobsen's Legacy: The Physical Thrill of Poetry” (''New York Times'', July 19, 2003. Accessed February 18, 2016.]</ref>
Jacobsen's mother never went to college, but like her daughter she was a "tremendous reader".<ref>John Wheatcroft, Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 109.</ref> Thus, it followed that when her daughter's headmistress suggested that Jacobsen go to college, her mother disagreed, so her daughter never attended college. Instead, Jacobsen "wrote, travelled, and acted with the Vagabond Players (a well-known Baltimore theatre troupe) until 1932 when she married".


==Literary career==
==Career==
Jacobsen's literary career began when her first poem was published in the children's [[St. Nicholas Magazine]] when she was 11 years old.<ref>"Josephine Jacobsen". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref> Jacobsen described seeing her poem in print in St. Nicholas as the “most amazing feeling” and “a special occasion”. She said that she thought, “I’m a professional poet at the age of 11.”<ref>[http://www.gracecavalieri.com/poetLaureates/josephineJacobsen.html Grace Cavalieri, “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed March 20, 2016.]</ref> In her late teens, Jacobsen started publishing in the [[Junior League]] magazine ''Connected''.<ref>[http://connected.ajli.org/''Connected''.]<br/>John Wheatcroft, ''Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking'' (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 109.</ref>
Jacobsen's literary career began when her first poem was published in the children's [[St. Nicholas Magazine]] when she was 11 years old.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> Jacobsen described seeing her poem in print in St. Nicholas as the "most amazing feeling" and "a special occasion". She said that she thought, "I'm a professional poet at the age of 11."<ref name="gracecavalieri1">[http://www.gracecavalieri.com/poetLaureates/josephineJacobsen.html Grace Cavalieri, “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed March 20, 2016.]</ref> In her late teens, Jacobsen started publishing in the [[Junior League]] magazine ''Connected''.<ref>[http://connected.ajli.org/ ''Connected''.]<br/>John Wheatcroft, ''Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking'' (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 109.</ref>


Jacobsen’s first poetry collection, ''Let Each Man Remember'', was published in 1940.<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref> However, she did not gain widespread recognition until her 60's.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/19/books/an-appreciation-josephine-jacobsen-s-legacy-the-physical-thrill-of-poetry.html Benjamin Ivry, “An Appreciation; Josephine Jacobsen's Legacy: The Physical Thrill of Poetry” (''New York Times'', July 19, 2003. Accessed February 18, 2016.]</ref> For Jacobsen, it was “the writing itself, not prizes or possible honors, that mattered the most”.<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> She also said that the “greatest thing” she can feel about one of her poems is that it has " helped another human being in a really bad time”.<ref>[http://www.gracecavalieri.com/poetLaureates/josephineJacobsen.html Grace Cavalieri, “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed March 20, 2016.]</ref>
Jacobsen's first poetry collection, ''Let Each Man Remember'', was published in 1940.<ref name="autogenerated3">''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref> However, she did not gain widespread recognition until her 60s.<ref name="nytimes1">[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/19/books/an-appreciation-josephine-jacobsen-s-legacy-the-physical-thrill-of-poetry.html Benjamin Ivry, “An Appreciation; Josephine Jacobsen's Legacy: The Physical Thrill of Poetry” (''New York Times'', July 19, 2003. Accessed February 18, 2016.]</ref> For Jacobsen, it was "the writing itself, not prizes or possible honors, that mattered the most".<ref name="poetrysociety1"/> She also said that the "greatest thing" she can feel about one of her poems is that it has " helped another human being in a really bad time".<ref name="gracecavalieri1"/>


Her poem, 'Fiddler Crab", was written between 1950 and 1965. No exact date is available for the poem's exact publication. The poem may have been written between 1950 and 1965, but not published before its inclusion in the collection ''In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems'' (1995).
Being a fan of the [[Baltimore Orioles]] baseball team, Jacobsen wrote poems on her love of baseball.<ref>[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen” Accessed May 8, 2015.]</ref>


Being a fan of the [[Baltimore Orioles]] baseball team, Jacobsen wrote poems on her love of baseball.<ref name="poemhunter2">[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen” Accessed May 8, 2015.]</ref>
'''Short stories and nonfiction'''<br/>


'''Short stories and nonfiction'''
Jacobsen also wrote short stories, including the collections ''A Walk with Raschid and Other Stories'' (1978), ''On the Island'' (1989), and ''What Goes Without Saying'' (1996).<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref>


Jacobsen also wrote short stories, including the collections ''A Walk with Raschid and Other Stories'' (1978), ''On the Island'' (1989), and ''What Goes Without Saying'' (1996).<ref name="autogenerated3"/>
Jacobsen’s nonfiction writing includes reviews, lectures and essays for such publications as ''[[Commonweal]]'', ''[[The Nation]]'', and ''[[The Washington Post]]''. In the late 1970s, she contributed op-ed and travel essays to the ''Baltimore Sun''.<ref>[http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/jacobsen.html Josephine Jacobsen (1908 - 2003).]</ref>


Jacobsen's nonfiction writing includes reviews, lectures and essays for such publications as ''[[Commonweal (magazine)|Commonweal]]'', ''[[The Nation]]'', and ''[[The Washington Post]]''. In the late 1970s, she contributed op-ed and travel essays to the ''Baltimore Sun''.<ref>[http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/jacobsen.html Josephine Jacobsen (1908 - 2003).]</ref>
Much of Jacobsen’s best work was done in her sixties, seventies, and eighties. Her friend [[William Morris Meredith, Jr.]]
told her she was "post-cocious."<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


Much of Jacobsen's best work was done in her sixties, seventies, and eighties. Her friend [[William Morris Meredith, Jr.]] told her she was "post-cocious."<ref name="poetrysociety1"/>
==Honors and praise==

==Honors==


In 1971, [[L. Quincy Mumford]], the librarian of Congress, named her consultant in poetry for 1971-1973
In 1971, [[L. Quincy Mumford]], the librarian of Congress, named her consultant in poetry for 1971-1973
and as honorary consultant in American letters from 1973 to 1979.<ref>[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen”Accessed May 8, 2015.]<br/>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>
and as honorary consultant in American letters from 1973 to 1979.<ref>[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen”Accessed May 8, 2015.]<br/>[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>


Beginning in 1973, Jacobsen received multiple grants, prizes, and awards.<ref>John Wheatcroft, ''Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking'' (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 103.</ref>
Beginning in 1973, Jacobsen received multiple grants, prizes, and awards.<ref name="autogenerated1991">John Wheatcroft, ''Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking'' (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 103.</ref>
* [[MacDowell Colony]] grant (1973, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1983)
* [[MacDowell Colony]] grant (1973, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1983)
* [[Prairie Schooner]] Award for fiction (1974)
* [[Prairie Schooner]] Award for fiction (1974)
* [[Yaddo]] grant (1775, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1984)
* [[Yaddo]] grant (1775, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1984)
* [[American Academy of Arts and Letters|American Academy Fellowship]] (1987)
* [[American Academy of Arts and Letters|American Academy Fellowship]] (1987)
* [[Academy of American Poets#2.3|Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize]] (1987)<ref>John Wheatcroft, ''Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking'' (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 103.</ref>
* [[Academy of American Poets#2.3|Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize]] (1987)<ref name="autogenerated1991"/>

Between 1978 and 1979, Jacobsen was Vice President of the [[Poetry Society of America]].<ref>[http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/josephine-jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> From 1979 to 1983, she was a member of both the literature panel for the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] and of the poetry committee of the [[Folger Library]].<ref>[http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/josephine-jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> In 1984, Jacobsen was lecturer for the American Writers Program annual meeting in Savannah, GA.<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003.” Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>

In 1993, Jacobsen received the [[Shelley Memorial Award]] from the [[Poetry Society of America]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref> In 1994 she was inducted into the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]].<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.</ref>

In 1997, Jacobsen was awarded the [[Poets' Prize]] for her ''In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems'' (1995).<ref>[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed May 8, 2015.]</ref> That same year, she received the [[Poetry Society of America]]’s highest award, the [[Robert Frost Medal]] for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry. In part, “the medal honored her legendary generosity in helping younger, struggling poets get their work published, a quality considered rare in her profession.”<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>

Jacobsen received honorary Doctorates of Humane Letters from [[Goucher College]], [[Notre Dame of Maryland University]], [[Towson University]], and [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref>[http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/josephine-jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>

'''Praise'''<br/>
[[Joseph Brodsky]] praised Jacobsen’s poetry for its "reserve, stoic timbre, and its high precision".<ref>[http://www.poemhunter.com/josephine-jacobsen/biography/ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen” Accessed May 8, 2015.]</ref> She was known for “elegant, concise phrasing on a wide range of topics and in varied forms” in which she “plumbed questions of identity, interrelatedness and isolation”.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>

[[Julie Miller]] commented that Jacobsen's poetry "rejoices in words for their own sake, not for the sake of the objects or ideas to which they refer. Words themselves become metaphors for the inexplicable tangle of body and spirit'. . . . Through words we are identified. They allow us to recognize and name the human experience."<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003." Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


[[William Jay Smith]] of ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'' praised Jacobsen's "observant eye and varied interest” and her “broad range of skillfully handled stanza forms."<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003." Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>
Between 1978 and 1979, Jacobsen was Vice President of the [[Poetry Society of America]].<ref name="poets1">[http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/josephine-jacobsen “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref> From 1979 to 1983, she was a member of both the literature panel for the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] and of the poetry committee of the [[Folger Library]].<ref name="poets1"/> In 1984, Jacobsen was lecturer for the American Writers Program annual meeting in Savannah, GA.<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003.” Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


In 1993, Jacobsen received the [[Shelley Memorial Award]] from the [[Poetry Society of America]].<ref name="nytimes2003"/> In 1994 she was inducted into the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]].<ref name="autogenerated3"/>
[[Joyce Carol Oates]] also of ''The New York Times Book Review'' compared Jacobsen with [[John Crowe Ransom]], [[Emily Dickinson]], and [[Elizabeth Bishop]], all of whose poetry is "fastidiously imagined, brilliantly pared back, miniature narrative that always yields up a small shock of wonder."<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003." Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


In 1997, Jacobsen was awarded the [[Poets' Prize]] for her ''In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems'' (1995).<ref name="poemhunter1"/> That same year, she received the [[Poetry Society of America]]'s highest award, the [[Robert Frost Medal]] for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry. In part, "the medal honored her legendary generosity in helping younger, struggling poets get their work published, a quality considered rare in her profession."<ref name="nytimes2003"/>
A [[Washington Post Book World]] review of her short stories wrote that Jacobsen is certain of "what is and is not important, and why. These stories, consequently, have a bracing rigor about them, a keen independence, and the clean ring of truth."<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003." Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


Jacobsen received honorary Doctorates of Humane Letters from [[Goucher College]], [[Notre Dame of Maryland University]], [[Towson University]], and [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref name="poets1"/>
==Death==
Jacobsen’s husband Eric died suddenly in December 1995 (they had been married for 63 years). They had been living in an apartment at Broadmead, a Retirement community in Cockeysville, MD outside Baltimore.<ref>[http://www.broadmead.org/ Broadmead.]</ref> After her husband’s death and after several falls, Josephine moved from their apartment to assisted living at Broadmead.<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>


'''Recognition'''<br/>[[Joseph Brodsky]] praised Jacobsen's poetry for its "reserve, stoic timbre, and its high precision".<ref name="poemhunter2"/> She was known for "elegant, concise phrasing on a wide range of topics and in varied forms" in which she "plumbed questions of identity, interrelatedness and isolation".<ref name="nytimes2003"/>
Jacobsen died on July 9, 2003 at Broadmead. She was 94.<ref>[http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-08-16/news/0308160344_1_josephine-jacobsen-memorial-mass-dame-of-maryland Memorial Mass, September 4, 2003.]</ref> She was survived by a son, Erlend, of Plainfield, VT, five grandchildren, and a great-grandson.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/12/arts/josephine-jacobsen-94-former-poet-laureate.html Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” ''New York Times'', July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.]</ref>


[[Julie Miller]] commented that Jacobsen's poetry "rejoices in words for their own sake, not for the sake of the objects or ideas to which they refer. Words themselves become metaphors for the inexplicable tangle of body and spirit'. . . . Through words we are identified. They allow us to recognize and name the human experience."<ref name="poetryfoundation1908">[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/josephine-jacobsen Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003." Accessed April 18, 2016.]</ref>
A memorial Mass was offered for Jacobsen on September 4, 2003 at the Marikle Chapel of the Annunciation at the [[College of Notre Dame of Maryland]]. She had been a “longtime benefactor”. <ref>[http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-08-16/news/0308160344_1_josephine-jacobsen-memorial-mass-dame-of-maryland Memorial Mass, September 4, 2003.]</ref>


[[William Jay Smith]] of ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'' praised Jacobsen's "observant eye and varied interest" and her "broad range of skillfully handled stanza forms."<ref name="poetryfoundation1908"/>
==Works==
Jacobsen’s works are here divided into five groups.<br/>
1. Books other than collections of her poems and short stories<br/>
2. Collections of her poems and short stories, selected by Jacobsen<br/>
3. Anthologies that include Jacobsen’s poems, short stories, or other writings<br/>
4. Media<br/>
5. Lectures<br/>
:[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Josephine+Jacobsen&qt=search_items&search=Search Notations about some works are taken from [[WorldCat]].]


[[Joyce Carol Oates]] also of ''The New York Times Book Review'' compared Jacobsen with [[John Crowe Ransom]], [[Emily Dickinson]], and [[Elizabeth Bishop]], all of whose poetry is "fastidiously imagined, brilliantly pared back, miniature narrative that always yields up a small shock of wonder."<ref name="poetryfoundation1908"/>
'''1. Books other than collections of her poems and short stories'''<br/>
*''Let Each Man Remember'' (The Kaleidograph Press, 1940)
*''A Study'', with William Randolph Mueller (Faber, 1966)
*''The Testament of Samuel Beckett'', with William Randolph Mueller (Hill and Wang, 1964)
*''Ionesco and Genêt: Playwrights of Silence'', with William Randolph Mueller (Hill and Wang, 1968) [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/josephine-william-r-mueller-jacobsen/ionesco-genet-playwrights-of-silence/ KIRKUS REVIEW of book.]
*''Leftovers: A Care Package, with William Stafford'' (Washington: Library of Congress, 1973)
*''One Poet's Poetry'' (Agnes Scott College, 1975)
*''Distances, with Barnard Taylor'' (The Press of Appletree Alley, 1991)


A [[Washington Post Book World]] review of her short stories wrote that Jacobsen is certain of "what is and is not important, and why. These stories, consequently, have a bracing rigor about them, a keen independence, and the clean ring of truth."<ref name="poetryfoundation1908"/>
'''2. Collections of her poems and short stories, selected by Jacobsen'''<br/>
:This section is divided into 2.1 Poems and 2.2 Short stories.<br/>
'''2.1 Poems'''<br/>
*''Let Each Man Remember'' (Kaleidograph Press, 1940)
*''For the Unlost'' (Contemporary Poetry, 1946)
*''The Human Climate: New Poems'' (Contemporary Poetry', 1953)
*''The Animal Inside'' (Ohio University Press 1966)
*''The Shade-Seller: New and Selected Poems'' (Doubleday, 1974)
*''The Chinese Insomniacs: New Poems'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981)
*''The Sisters: New and Selected Poems'' (Bench Press, 1987)
*''Distances'' (Bucknell University Press, 1992)
*''In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995)
:“176 new and previously published poems.”
*''Contents of a Minute: Last Poems'' (Sarabande Books, 2008)


==Personal life==
'''2.2 Short stories'''<br/>
Her husband was Eric Jacobsen, a tea importer. They were "happily" married for 63 years until he died in 1995.<ref>[https://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/poetry/crossroads/tributes/remembering_josephine_jacobsen_e/ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society).] Accessed April 18, 2016.</ref><ref name="nytimes1" />
*''A Walk with Raschid, and Other Stories'' (Jackpine Press, 1978.)
*''Adios, Mr. Moxley: Thirteen Stories'' (Jackpine Press, 1986)
*''On the Island: New and Selected Stories'' (Ontario Review Press, 1989)
*''What Goes without Saying: Collected Stories'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996/2000)
:“brings together thirty of her previously published stories.”


Jacobsen's husband Eric died suddenly in December 1995. They had been living in an apartment at Broadmead, a Retirement community in [[Cockeysville, Maryland]], outside Baltimore.<ref>[http://www.broadmead.org/ Broadmead.]</ref> After her husband's death and after several falls, Josephine moved from their apartment to assisted living at Broadmead.<ref name="poetrysociety1" />
'''3. Anthologies that include Jacobsen’s poems, short stories, or other writings'''<br/>
*''For the Unlost'', ed. Mary O. Miller (Contemporary poetry, 1946)
*''Lyrics of Three Women: Poems'', “Introduction” by Jacobsen (Linden Press, 1964)
*''The Best American Short Stories, 1966'', ed. Martha Foley (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1966)
:includes Jacobsen’s “On the Island”
*''Fifty years of the American short story; from the O. Henry awards, 1919-1970'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1970)
:includes Jacobsen’s “On the Island”
*''Prize Stories 1971: The O. Henry Awards'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1971)
*''Prize Stories 1973: The O. Henry Awards'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1973)
*''The Poet's Story'', ed. Howard Moss (Macmillan Publishing Co., 2nd, 1974)
:"A superb collection of short stories by twentieth-century American poets...far superior...to practically everything being done in fiction today."--Kirkus Reviews
*''A Celebration of Cats: An Anthology of Poems'', ed. Jean Burden (P. S. Eriksson, 1974)
*''Prize Stories 1976: The O. Henry Awards'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1976)
*''Prize Stories 1978: The O. Henry Awards'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1978)
*''The Treasury of American short stories'', ed. Nancy Sullivan (Doubleday, 1981)
:includes Jacobsen’s “A Walk With Raschid”
*''The Haunt of Time: Chosen Poems, Old and New'', ed. Henry Chapin (W. L. Bauhan, 1981).
*''Nightwalks: A Bedside Companion'', ed. Joyce Carol Oates (Ontario Review Press, 1982)
:includes Jacobsen’s short story “On the Island”
*''Prize Stories 1985: The O. Henry Awards'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1985)
:includes Jacobsen’s “The Mango Community”
*''Despite this Flesh: the Disabled in Stories and Poems'', ed. Vassar Miller (University of Texas Press, 1985)
:includes Jacobsen’s short story “The Glen”
*''The Substance of Things Hoped For: Short Fiction by Modern Catholic Authors'', ed. John B. Breslin (Doubleday, 1986)
*''Songs of Experience: An Anthology of Literature on Growing Old'', eds. Margaret Fowler and Priscilla McCutcheon (Ballantine Books, 1991)
:includes Jacobsen’s short story “Jack Frost”
*''The Pushcart prize, XVI, 1991-1992: Best of the Small Presses'' ed. Bill Henderson (Pushcart Press, 1991).
:includes Jaccobsen’s poem “The Limbo Dancer”
*''Best American Poetry, 1991'', ed. Mark Strand (Collier Books, 1991)
:includes Jacobsen’s “The Woods”
*''Prize Stories 1993: The O. Henry Awards'', ed. William Miller Abrahams (Doubleday, 1993)
:includes Jacobsen’s “The Pier-Glass”
*''Best American Poetry, 1993'', eds. David Lehman and Louise Gluck (Collier Books, 1993)
*''The Instant of Knowing: Lectures, Criticism, and Occasional Prose'', ed. Elizabeth Spirers (University of Michigan Press, 1997).
*''Laurels: Eight Women Poets'', ed. Stacy J. Tuthill (SCOP Publications, 1998.)
:“A rich assortment of the writings of rediscovered octogenarian poet Josephine Jacobsen”
*''The Best American Poetry, 1999'', ed. Robert Bly (Scribner, 1999)
:includes Jacobsen’s “Last Will and Testament”
*''In Brief: Short Takes on the Personal'', eds. Judith Kitchen and Mary Paumier Jones (W. W. Norton, 1999).
:includes Jacobsen’s “Reverie on Memory”
*''Of Leaf and Flower: Stories and Poems for Gardeners'', eds. Charles Dean and Clyde Wachsberger, (Persea Books, 2001)
*''Masterplots II. Poetry Series. 4'', eds. Philip K Jason and Tracy Irons-Georges (Salem Press, 2002).
*''So the Story Goes: Twenty-five Years of the Johns Hopkins Short Fiction Series'', eds. John T Irwin and Jean McGarry (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005)
:includes Jacobsen’s “On the Island”
*''Poetry Criticism: excerpts from criticism of the works of the most significant and widely studied poets of world literature. Volume 62'', ed. Michelle Lee (Gale, 2005.)
*''Good Poems for Hard Times'', ed. Garrison Keillor (Penguin, 2006)
:includes Jacobsen’s “You Can Take It With You”
*''Poetry for Students: Volume 23 Presenting Analysis, Context and Criticism on Commonly Studied Poetry'', Anne Marie Hacht (Gale, 2006)
:includes Jacobsen’s “Fiddler crab”


Jacobsen died on July 9, 2003, at Broadmead. She was 94.<ref name="baltimoresun2003">[http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-08-16/news/0308160344_1_josephine-jacobsen-memorial-mass-dame-of-maryland Memorial Mass, September 4, 2003.]</ref>
'''4. Media'''<br/>
*[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?q=Josephine+Jacobsen Poems and comments by Jacobsen that appeared in ''Poetry'' magazine.]
*[https://www.loc.gov/item/94838602/ Audio of Josephine Jacobsen reading her poems in the Coolidge Auditorium, Oct. 2, 1972.]
*''Selected Poems'' (recording), Watershed, 1977.
*“Josephine Jacobsen” Tape recording: interviewer, Stephen Banker. (Tapes for Readers, 1978)
*“Selected Poems by Josephine Jacobsen” (Watershed Intermedia, 1978).
*''The Poet and the Poem'' (recording), Library of Congress, 1990.
*“An evening of readings to mark the retirement of Roy P. Basler: readings by Richard Eberhart, Josephine Jacobsen, Reed Whittemore, and Arnold Moss in the Coolidge Auditorium, Dec. 9, 1974" (Audiobook, 1974)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsvKyi3TAhM “The Animals” by Josephine Jacobsen recited by Lex Harvey.]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCf2O-bxSBY “The Animals” by Josephine Jacobsen read by Deeyallah Alsyoof.]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkhUG1hOv4k “For Josephine Jacobsen's Gentle Readers”: Poets Michael Collier, Lucille Clifton and Elizabeth Spires talk about the late Josephine Jacobsen (1908 – 2003). Also Jacobsen reads three of her poems.]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xVnv9ww_VA “Tears” by Josephine Jacobsen]
*[https://vimeo.com/16828858 “Poetry Moves: A Collaboration of Poetry, Performance, and Video.]


A memorial Mass was offered for Jacobsen on September 4, 2003, at the Marikle Chapel of the Annunciation at the [[College of Notre Dame of Maryland]].<ref name="baltimoresun2003" />
'''5. Lectures'''<br/>
*“Two lectures: Summer Seminar of the Arts Collection” (Library of Congress, 1973)
:Jacobsen contributed “From Anne to Marianne: Some Women in American Poetry”
*“The Instant of Knowing: a lecture delivered at the Library of Congress, May 7, 1973" (Library of Congress, 1974)
*Editor of ''From Anne to Marianne: Some American Women Poets'' (Library of Congress, 1972), reprinted as ''Two Lectures: Leftovers: A Care Package by William Stafford. From Anne to Marianne: Some Women in American Poetry by Josephine Jacobsen'' (Library of Congress, 1973)


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*''Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 48'', ed. Daniel G. Marowski (Gale, 1988), s. v. “Josephine Jacobsen”, 189-199.
*''Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 48'', ed. Daniel G. Marowski (Gale, 1988), s. v. "Josephine Jacobsen", 189-199.
*[http://library.globalchalet.net/Authors/Poetry%20Books%20Collection/Contemporary%20Poets.pdf ''Contemporary Poets, Seventh Edition'' (St. James Press, 2001), s. v. “JACOBSEN, Josephine (Winder)”, 582-584.]
*[http://library.globalchalet.net/Authors/Poetry%20Books%20Collection/Contemporary%20Poets.pdf ''Contemporary Poets, Seventh Edition'' (St. James Press, 2001), s. v. “JACOBSEN, Josephine (Winder)”, 582-584.]
*''Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 244: American Short-Story Writers since World War II'', eds. Patrick Meanor and Joseph McNicholas (Gale, 2001), s. v. Josephine Jacobsen, 181-186.
*''Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 244: American Short-Story Writers since World War II'', eds. Patrick Meanor and Joseph McNicholas (Gale, 2001), s. v. Josephine Jacobsen, 181-186.
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Revision as of 22:23, 10 August 2023

Josephine Jacobsen
BornJosephine Winder Boylan
(1908-08-19)August 19, 1908
Cobourg, Ontario, Canada
DiedJuly 9, 2003(2003-07-09) (aged 94)
Cockeysville, Maryland U.S.
Occupation
  • Spouse
  • Mother
  • writer
NationalityAmerican
GenresPoetry, short stories, reviews
Notable worksIn the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems (1995) won the Poets' Prize.[1]
Children1

Josephine Jacobsen (19 August 1908 – 9 July 2003) was a Canadian-born American poet, short story writer, essayist, and critic. She was appointed the twenty-first Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1971.[2] In 1997, she received the Poetry Society of America's highest award, the Robert Frost Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry.

Early life and education

Jacobsen was born Josephine Boylan on August 19, 1908, in Cobourg, Ontario, Canada.[3] Her American parents were vacationing in Canada and anticipated her arrival several months later. The baby Jacobsen weighed only two-and-a-half pounds and was not expected to survive. However, her mother, Octavia Winder Boylan, was determined that she would survive. Jacobsen was taken to New York at age three months.[4]

Jacobsen's father, a doctor and amateur Egyptologist, died when she was five.[5] Her brother suffered a nervous breakdown; her mother suffered bouts of manic depression. Jacobsen found solace in reading the poetry of Robert W. Service and Rudyard Kipling and they inspired her to begin writing poetry.[6]

After her father's death, Josephine and her mother traveled constantly, which prevented her from going to school. They did not settle in one place long enough for Josephine to go to school. Taught by private tutors, she became a voracious reader.[5]

At age fourteen, Jacobsen moved to Maryland with her mother and lived there until her death. There she was, again, educated by private tutors at Roland Park Country School in Baltimore, graduating in 1926.[7][8]

Jacobsen's mother never went to college, but like her daughter she was a "tremendous reader".[9] Thus, it followed that when her daughter's headmistress suggested that Jacobsen go to college, her mother disagreed, so her daughter never attended college. Instead, Jacobsen "wrote, travelled, and acted with the Vagabond Players (a well-known Baltimore theatre troupe) until 1932 when she married".

Career

Jacobsen's literary career began when her first poem was published in the children's St. Nicholas Magazine when she was 11 years old.[3] Jacobsen described seeing her poem in print in St. Nicholas as the "most amazing feeling" and "a special occasion". She said that she thought, "I'm a professional poet at the age of 11."[10] In her late teens, Jacobsen started publishing in the Junior League magazine Connected.[11]

Jacobsen's first poetry collection, Let Each Man Remember, was published in 1940.[12] However, she did not gain widespread recognition until her 60s.[13] For Jacobsen, it was "the writing itself, not prizes or possible honors, that mattered the most".[5] She also said that the "greatest thing" she can feel about one of her poems is that it has " helped another human being in a really bad time".[10]

Her poem, 'Fiddler Crab", was written between 1950 and 1965. No exact date is available for the poem's exact publication. The poem may have been written between 1950 and 1965, but not published before its inclusion in the collection In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems (1995).

Being a fan of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team, Jacobsen wrote poems on her love of baseball.[14]

Short stories and nonfiction

Jacobsen also wrote short stories, including the collections A Walk with Raschid and Other Stories (1978), On the Island (1989), and What Goes Without Saying (1996).[12]

Jacobsen's nonfiction writing includes reviews, lectures and essays for such publications as Commonweal, The Nation, and The Washington Post. In the late 1970s, she contributed op-ed and travel essays to the Baltimore Sun.[15]

Much of Jacobsen's best work was done in her sixties, seventies, and eighties. Her friend William Morris Meredith, Jr. told her she was "post-cocious."[5]

Honors

In 1971, L. Quincy Mumford, the librarian of Congress, named her consultant in poetry for 1971-1973 and as honorary consultant in American letters from 1973 to 1979.[16]

Beginning in 1973, Jacobsen received multiple grants, prizes, and awards.[17]

Between 1978 and 1979, Jacobsen was Vice President of the Poetry Society of America.[18] From 1979 to 1983, she was a member of both the literature panel for the National Endowment for the Arts and of the poetry committee of the Folger Library.[18] In 1984, Jacobsen was lecturer for the American Writers Program annual meeting in Savannah, GA.[19]

In 1993, Jacobsen received the Shelley Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America.[4] In 1994 she was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[12]

In 1997, Jacobsen was awarded the Poets' Prize for her In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems (1995).[1] That same year, she received the Poetry Society of America's highest award, the Robert Frost Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry. In part, "the medal honored her legendary generosity in helping younger, struggling poets get their work published, a quality considered rare in her profession."[4]

Jacobsen received honorary Doctorates of Humane Letters from Goucher College, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Towson University, and Johns Hopkins University.[18]

Recognition
Joseph Brodsky praised Jacobsen's poetry for its "reserve, stoic timbre, and its high precision".[14] She was known for "elegant, concise phrasing on a wide range of topics and in varied forms" in which she "plumbed questions of identity, interrelatedness and isolation".[4]

Julie Miller commented that Jacobsen's poetry "rejoices in words for their own sake, not for the sake of the objects or ideas to which they refer. Words themselves become metaphors for the inexplicable tangle of body and spirit'. . . . Through words we are identified. They allow us to recognize and name the human experience."[20]

William Jay Smith of The New York Times Book Review praised Jacobsen's "observant eye and varied interest" and her "broad range of skillfully handled stanza forms."[20]

Joyce Carol Oates also of The New York Times Book Review compared Jacobsen with John Crowe Ransom, Emily Dickinson, and Elizabeth Bishop, all of whose poetry is "fastidiously imagined, brilliantly pared back, miniature narrative that always yields up a small shock of wonder."[20]

A Washington Post Book World review of her short stories wrote that Jacobsen is certain of "what is and is not important, and why. These stories, consequently, have a bracing rigor about them, a keen independence, and the clean ring of truth."[20]

Personal life

Her husband was Eric Jacobsen, a tea importer. They were "happily" married for 63 years until he died in 1995.[21][13]

Jacobsen's husband Eric died suddenly in December 1995. They had been living in an apartment at Broadmead, a Retirement community in Cockeysville, Maryland, outside Baltimore.[22] After her husband's death and after several falls, Josephine moved from their apartment to assisted living at Broadmead.[5]

Jacobsen died on July 9, 2003, at Broadmead. She was 94.[23]

A memorial Mass was offered for Jacobsen on September 4, 2003, at the Marikle Chapel of the Annunciation at the College of Notre Dame of Maryland.[23]

Further reading

References

  1. ^ a b “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed May 8, 2015.
  2. ^ Library of Congress.
  3. ^ a b "Josephine Jacobsen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.
  4. ^ a b c d Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” New York Times, July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.
  6. ^ “Josephine Jacobsen, 1908-2003". Accessed January 6, 2016.
  7. ^ “Josephine Jacobsen, 1908-2003". Accessed March 9, 2016.
  8. ^ Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” New York Times, July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.
  9. ^ John Wheatcroft, Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 109.
  10. ^ a b Grace Cavalieri, “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed March 20, 2016.
  11. ^ Connected.
    John Wheatcroft, Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 109.
  12. ^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web.
  13. ^ a b Benjamin Ivry, “An Appreciation; Josephine Jacobsen's Legacy: The Physical Thrill of Poetry” (New York Times, July 19, 2003. Accessed February 18, 2016.
  14. ^ a b “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen” Accessed May 8, 2015.
  15. ^ Josephine Jacobsen (1908 - 2003).
  16. ^ “Biography of Josephine Jacobsen”Accessed May 8, 2015.
    Wolfgang Saxon, “Josephine Jacobsen, 94, Former Poet Laureate,” New York Times, July 12, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2016.
  17. ^ a b John Wheatcroft, Our Other Voices: Nine Poets Speaking (Bucknell University Press, 1991), 103.
  18. ^ a b c “Josephine Jacobsen.” Accessed April 18, 2016.
  19. ^ Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003.” Accessed April 18, 2016.
  20. ^ a b c d Poetry Foundation, “Josephine Jacobsen 1908–2003." Accessed April 18, 2016.
  21. ^ “Elizabeth Spires on Josephine Jacobsen” (Poetry Society). Accessed April 18, 2016.
  22. ^ Broadmead.
  23. ^ a b Memorial Mass, September 4, 2003.
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