Jump to content

Suma Chakrabarti: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(32 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|British civil servant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sir Suma Chakrabarti
| honorific_prefix = Sir
| name = Suma Chakrabarti
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Bath|KCB]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Bath|KCB]]
| order = President of [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]
| image = SirSuma.jpg
| image = SirSuma.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| office = President of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]
| term_start = 3 July 2012
| term_end = July 2020
| predecessor = [[Thomas Mirow]]
| predecessor = [[Thomas Mirow]]
| successor = [[Jürgen Rigterink]] (Acting)
| successor = [[Jürgen Rigterink]] (Acting)
| office1 = [[Clerk of the Crown in Chancery]] <br /> [[Permanent Secretary]] to the [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]]
| term_start1 = December 2007
| term_end1 = 2012
| primeminister1 = [[Gordon Brown]]<br />[[David Cameron]]
| minister1 = [[Jack Straw]]<br />[[Kenneth Clarke|Ken Clarke]]
| predecessor1 = [[Alex Allan]]
| successor1 = [[Ursula Brennan]]
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1959}}
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1959}}
| birth_place = [[Jalpaiguri]], West Bengal, India
| birth_place = [[Jalpaiguri]], West Bengal, India
Line 16: Line 25:
| alma_mater = [[University of Oxford]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Oxford]]
| color =
| color =
| term_start = 3 July 2012
| term_end = July 2020
}}
}}
'''Sir Sumantra "Suma" Chakrabarti''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCB}} (born 1959) is a former British civil servant who served as president of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (EBRD) from July 2012 to July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebrd.com/news/2012/ebrd-shareholders-elect-uks-sir-suma-chakrabarti-as-next-president.html|title=EBRD Shareholders elect UK's Sir Suma Chakrabarti as next President}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebrd.com/news/2016/ebrd-governors-elect-sir-suma-chakrabarti-president-for-four-more-years.html|title = EBRD Governors elect Sir Suma Chakrabarti President for four more years}}</ref> He was previously the highest ranking Indian in Britain's civil service,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-new-tournament/cid/889565|title=THE NEW TOURNAMENT|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkata|access-date=2 December 2018}}</ref> serving as [[Permanent Secretary]] to the [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]] and [[Clerk of the Crown in Chancery]] from late 2007<ref>{{cite journal|title=Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual|journal=[[The London Gazette]]|date=21 December 2007|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/58550|accessdate=16 February 2021|publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom|HM Government]]|quote=The Queen has been pleased by Royal Warrant bearing date 10 December 2007, to appoint Sir Sumantra Chakrabarti K.C.B. as the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.}}</ref> until 2012.

'''Sir Sumantra "Suma" Chakrabarti''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCB}} (born 1959) is a British civil servant who served as president of the the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (EBRD) from July 2012 to July 2020.<ref>http://www.ebrd.com/news/2012/ebrd-shareholders-elect-uks-sir-suma-chakrabarti-as-next-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.ebrd.com/news/2016/ebrd-governors-elect-sir-suma-chakrabarti-president-for-four-more-years.html</ref> He was previously the highest ranking Indian in Britain's civil service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-new-tournament/cid/889565|title=THE NEW TOURNAMENT|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|access-date=2 December 2018}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Chakrabarti was born in 1959 in [[Jalpaiguri]], West Bengal, India. He was educated at [[City of London School]]; [[New College, Oxford]] (BA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics); and the [[University of Sussex]] (MA in Development Economics).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebrd.com/who-we-are/ebrd-president-sir-suma-chakrabarti.html}}</ref>
Chakrabarti was born in 1959 in [[Jalpaiguri]], West Bengal, India. He was educated at [[City of London School]]; [[New College, Oxford]] (BA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics); and the [[University of Sussex]] (MA in Development Economics).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebrd.com/who-we-are/ebrd-president-sir-suma-chakrabarti.html|title=Sir Suma Chakrabarti}}</ref>


==Career==
== Career in the civil service ==
{{BLP sources section|date=December 2022}}
Chakrabarti joined the UK's Overseas Development Administration (ODA), the predecessor to the [[Department for International Development]], in 1984 as a senior economic assistant working on macroeconomics issues and UK aid projects. He previously worked in [[Botswana]] on an [[Overseas Development Institute]] Fellowship. He was seconded by the UK government to the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank]] in the 1980s. On returning to the ODA in London, he became [[Private Secretary]] to the Conservative [[Lynda Chalker]], then [[Minister of State]] for Overseas Development based at the Foreign Office. Chakrabarti subsequently became Head of Aid Policy and Resources.
Chakrabarti joined the UK's Overseas Development Administration (ODA), the predecessor to the [[Department for International Development]], in 1984 as a senior economic assistant working on macroeconomics issues and UK aid projects. He previously worked in [[Botswana]] on an [[Overseas Development Institute]] Fellowship. He was seconded by the UK government to the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank]] in the 1980s. On returning to the ODA in London, he became [[Private Secretary]] to the Conservative [[Lynda Chalker]], then [[Minister of State]] for Overseas Development based at the Foreign Office. Chakrabarti subsequently became Head of Aid Policy and Resources.


He moved to [[H.M. Treasury]] in 1996 before taking a [[Cabinet Office]] post responsible for creating the new central Performance and Innovation Unit to support the Prime Minister, [[Tony Blair]], co-ordinating reviews of long-term issues that cross public sector institutional boundaries. Still in the Cabinet Office, he headed the Economic and Domestic Affairs Secretariat, also maintaining a foot in the then [[Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions|Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions]].
He moved to [[H.M. Treasury]] in 1996 before taking a [[Cabinet Office]] post responsible for creating the new central Performance and Innovation Unit to support the Prime Minister, [[Tony Blair]], co-ordinating reviews of long-term issues that cross public sector institutional boundaries. Still in the Cabinet Office, he headed the Economic and Domestic Affairs Secretariat, also maintaining a foot in the then [[Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions|Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions]].
Line 32: Line 39:
In 2001, returning to the Department for International Development (DfID), the successor body to the ODA, Chakrabarti became DfID Director-General for Regional Development Programmes, managing 1,200 staff in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. On 8 December 2009, he [[List of witnesses of The Iraq Inquiry#December 8|gave evidence]] to [[The Iraq Inquiry]], discussing preparations for the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref name="BBC XII">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8401001.stm|title=Iraq details for aid workers 'were scanty before war'|date=8 December 2009|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=28 January 2010}}</ref>
In 2001, returning to the Department for International Development (DfID), the successor body to the ODA, Chakrabarti became DfID Director-General for Regional Development Programmes, managing 1,200 staff in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. On 8 December 2009, he [[List of witnesses of The Iraq Inquiry#December 8|gave evidence]] to [[The Iraq Inquiry]], discussing preparations for the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref name="BBC XII">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8401001.stm|title=Iraq details for aid workers 'were scanty before war'|date=8 December 2009|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=28 January 2010}}</ref>


From 2007 to 2012, he served as a [[Permanent Secretary]] (senior civil servant) at the UK's [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]]. During that period, he also held office as [[Clerk of the Crown in Chancery]], and, as such, was responsible for the running of the Crown Office, under the directions of the [[Lord Chancellor]]. He was appointed on 15 November 2007.<ref>[http://www.justice.gov.uk/about/cmb-chakrabarti.htm Suma Chakrabarti – Ministry of Justice<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704113503/http://www.justice.gov.uk/about/cmb-chakrabarti.htm |date=4 July 2008 }}</ref>
From 2007 to 2012, he served as a [[Permanent Secretary]] (senior civil servant) to the UK's [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]]. During that period, he also held office as [[Clerk of the Crown in Chancery]], and, as such, was responsible for the running of the Crown Office, under the directions of the [[Lord Chancellor]]. He was appointed on 15 November 2007.<ref>[http://www.justice.gov.uk/about/cmb-chakrabarti.htm Suma Chakrabarti – Ministry of Justice<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704113503/http://www.justice.gov.uk/about/cmb-chakrabarti.htm |date=4 July 2008 }}</ref>

== President of the EBRD ==
Chakrabarti served two full terms as president from 2012 to 2020.<ref name="twoterms">{{cite news |title=Sir Suma Chakrabarti leaves EBRD Presidency after second and final term |url=https://www.ebrd.com/news/2020/sir-suma-chakrabarti-leaves-ebrd-presidency-after-second-and-final-term.html |agency=EBRD}}</ref> In his last weeks as EBRD President, Chakrabarti made a number of think tank appearances where he discussed the current state of international development and its principal actors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/27/us-not-speaking-up-on-global-development-multilateral-bank-president-says-284936|title = U.S. Abdicating global leadership role, leader of European development bank says|website = [[Politico]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ebrd-complaint-exclusive/exclusive-ebrd-head-faces-investigation-call-over-dossier-on-directors-idUSKCN1MF2CZ|title = Exclusive: EBRD head faces investigation call over dossier on directors|newspaper = Reuters|date = 6 October 2018|last1 = Jones|first1 = Marc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ebrd-president/ebrd-says-president-cleared-in-information-gathering-investigation-idUSL8N1YI3JK|title = EBRD says president cleared in information gathering investigation|newspaper = Reuters|date = 13 December 2018|last1 = Jones|first1 = Marc}}</ref>

== Later career ==
By the end of his term at EBRD, Chakrabarti denied any immediate plans to return to the UK civil service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/exclusive-former-top-asian-civil-servants-worry-at-turmoil-in-the-service/|title=Exclusive: Former top Asian civil servant's 'worry' at turmoil in the service|date=22 July 2020}}</ref>

On July 2, 2020, ODI announced the appointment of Chakrabarti as its next Chair of the Board of Trustees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.odi.org/news/17127-statement-sir-suma-chakrabarti-new-chair-odi-board|title = Statement: Sir Suma Chakrabarti new Chair of ODI Board}}</ref> Also in 2020, he was appointed by the [[World Health Organization]]’s Regional Office for Europe to serve as a member of the Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development, chaired by [[Mario Monti]].<ref>[https://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2020/announcing-the-pan-european-commission-on-health-and-sustainable-development-rethinking-policy-priorities-in-the-light-of-pandemics Announcing the Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Policy Priorities in the light of Pandemics] [[World Health Organization]], Regional Office for Europe, press release of August 11, 2020.</ref>

Chakrabarti serves as deputy chairman of the Council for Reforms for the Republic of Kazakhstan.<ref name="reformCouncil">{{cite news |title=President Tokayev Creates Supreme Council Dedicated to Reforming Kazakhstan |url=https://astanatimes.com/2020/09/president-tokayev-creates-supreme-council-dedicated-to-reforming-kazakhstan/ |agency=The Astana Times}}</ref>


Also Advisor to the [[President of Uzbekistan|President of the Republic of Uzbekistan]] economic development, good governance and international cooperation<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdulaziz |first=Abdurakhmon |date=2023-08-08 |title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev receives Suma Chakrabarti - adviser on economic development, good governance and international cooperation |url=https://daryo.uz/en/2022/07/05/shavkat-mirziyoyev-receives-suma-chakrabarti-adviser-on-economic-development-good-governance-and-international-cooperation/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Daryo.uz}}</ref>
On 29 May 2018 a complaint was made by several EBRD board members against President Suma Chakrabarti. An external investigation was subsequently carried out by a Swiss law firm.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ebrd-complaint-exclusive/exclusive-ebrd-head-faces-investigation-call-over-dossier-on-directors-idUSKCN1MF2CZ</ref> In December 2018, the EBRD’s managing director for Communications confirmed that an external investigation had concluded that there was no misconduct by Chakrabarti.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/ebrd-president/ebrd-says-president-cleared-in-information-gathering-investigation-idUSL8N1YI3JK</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
He is married and has one daughter.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
Chakrabarti is married and has one daughter.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}


== Offices held ==
== Offices held ==
{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef | before= [[John Vereker (governor)|John Vereker]]}}<ref>http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070701122455/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/aboutDFID/opd/opdnewsletter2002.pdf</ref>
{{s-bef | before= [[John Vereker (governor)|John Vereker]]}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Newsletter 2002, Issue No 8 |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20070701122455/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/aboutDFID/opd/opdnewsletter2002.pdf |publisher=Overseas Pensions Department |date=September 2002}}</ref>
{{s-ttl | title = [[Permanent Secretary]] of the <br /> [[Department for International Development]] | years= 2002–2008}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Permanent Secretary]] of the <br /> [[Department for International Development]] | years= 2002–2008}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Minouche Shafik]]}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Minouche Shafik]]}}
Line 48: Line 65:
{{s-ttl | title = [[Permanent Secretary]] of the <br /> [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]] | years= 2008–2012}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Permanent Secretary]] of the <br /> [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]] | years= 2008–2012}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Ursula Brennan]]}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Ursula Brennan]]}}
{{s-civ}}
{{s-bef | before= [[Thomas Mirow]]}}
{{s-bef | before= [[Thomas Mirow]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = President of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] | years= 2012–2020}}
{{s-ttl | title = President of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] | years= 2012–2020}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Jürgen Rigterink]]<br /> ''<small>'''Acting President'''</small>'' }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Odile Renaud-Basso]]<br /> ''<small>'''President'''</small>'' }}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


Line 59: Line 77:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090606125636/http://www.justice.gov.uk/about/chakrabarti.htm Profile on Ministry of Justice website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090606125636/http://www.justice.gov.uk/about/chakrabarti.htm Profile on Ministry of Justice website]
* [http://www.ebrd.com/who-we-are/ebrd-president-sir-suma-chakrabarti.html EBRD website]
* [http://www.ebrd.com/who-we-are/ebrd-president-sir-suma-chakrabarti.html EBRD website]
* [https://www.odi.org/ ODI website]


{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}

Latest revision as of 23:19, 8 August 2023

Sir Suma Chakrabarti
President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
In office
3 July 2012 – July 2020
Preceded byThomas Mirow
Succeeded byJürgen Rigterink (Acting)
Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice
In office
December 2007 – 2012
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
David Cameron
MinisterJack Straw
Ken Clarke
Preceded byAlex Allan
Succeeded byUrsula Brennan
Personal details
Born1959 (age 64–65)
Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India
NationalityBritish, originally Indian
Alma materUniversity of Oxford

Sir Sumantra "Suma" Chakrabarti KCB (born 1959) is a former British civil servant who served as president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) from July 2012 to July 2020.[1][2] He was previously the highest ranking Indian in Britain's civil service,[3] serving as Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery from late 2007[4] until 2012.

Early life and education

[edit]

Chakrabarti was born in 1959 in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India. He was educated at City of London School; New College, Oxford (BA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics); and the University of Sussex (MA in Development Economics).[5]

Career in the civil service

[edit]

Chakrabarti joined the UK's Overseas Development Administration (ODA), the predecessor to the Department for International Development, in 1984 as a senior economic assistant working on macroeconomics issues and UK aid projects. He previously worked in Botswana on an Overseas Development Institute Fellowship. He was seconded by the UK government to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in the 1980s. On returning to the ODA in London, he became Private Secretary to the Conservative Lynda Chalker, then Minister of State for Overseas Development based at the Foreign Office. Chakrabarti subsequently became Head of Aid Policy and Resources.

He moved to H.M. Treasury in 1996 before taking a Cabinet Office post responsible for creating the new central Performance and Innovation Unit to support the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, co-ordinating reviews of long-term issues that cross public sector institutional boundaries. Still in the Cabinet Office, he headed the Economic and Domestic Affairs Secretariat, also maintaining a foot in the then Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions.

In 2001, returning to the Department for International Development (DfID), the successor body to the ODA, Chakrabarti became DfID Director-General for Regional Development Programmes, managing 1,200 staff in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. On 8 December 2009, he gave evidence to The Iraq Inquiry, discussing preparations for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[6]

From 2007 to 2012, he served as a Permanent Secretary (senior civil servant) to the UK's Ministry of Justice. During that period, he also held office as Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, and, as such, was responsible for the running of the Crown Office, under the directions of the Lord Chancellor. He was appointed on 15 November 2007.[7]

President of the EBRD

[edit]

Chakrabarti served two full terms as president from 2012 to 2020.[8] In his last weeks as EBRD President, Chakrabarti made a number of think tank appearances where he discussed the current state of international development and its principal actors.[9][10][11]

Later career

[edit]

By the end of his term at EBRD, Chakrabarti denied any immediate plans to return to the UK civil service.[12]

On July 2, 2020, ODI announced the appointment of Chakrabarti as its next Chair of the Board of Trustees.[13] Also in 2020, he was appointed by the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe to serve as a member of the Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development, chaired by Mario Monti.[14]

Chakrabarti serves as deputy chairman of the Council for Reforms for the Republic of Kazakhstan.[15]

Also Advisor to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan economic development, good governance and international cooperation[16]

Personal life

[edit]

Chakrabarti is married and has one daughter.[citation needed]

Offices held

[edit]
Government offices
Preceded by[17] Permanent Secretary of the
Department for International Development

2002–2008
Succeeded by
Preceded by Permanent Secretary of the
Ministry of Justice

2008–2012
Succeeded by
Civic offices
Preceded by President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2012–2020
Succeeded by

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "EBRD Shareholders elect UK's Sir Suma Chakrabarti as next President".
  2. ^ "EBRD Governors elect Sir Suma Chakrabarti President for four more years".
  3. ^ "THE NEW TOURNAMENT". The Telegraph. Kolkata. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual". The London Gazette. HM Government. 21 December 2007. Retrieved 16 February 2021. The Queen has been pleased by Royal Warrant bearing date 10 December 2007, to appoint Sir Sumantra Chakrabarti K.C.B. as the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.
  5. ^ "Sir Suma Chakrabarti".
  6. ^ "Iraq details for aid workers 'were scanty before war'". BBC News. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  7. ^ Suma Chakrabarti – Ministry of Justice Archived 4 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Sir Suma Chakrabarti leaves EBRD Presidency after second and final term". EBRD.
  9. ^ "U.S. Abdicating global leadership role, leader of European development bank says". Politico.
  10. ^ Jones, Marc (6 October 2018). "Exclusive: EBRD head faces investigation call over dossier on directors". Reuters.
  11. ^ Jones, Marc (13 December 2018). "EBRD says president cleared in information gathering investigation". Reuters.
  12. ^ "Exclusive: Former top Asian civil servant's 'worry' at turmoil in the service". 22 July 2020.
  13. ^ "Statement: Sir Suma Chakrabarti new Chair of ODI Board".
  14. ^ Announcing the Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Policy Priorities in the light of Pandemics World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, press release of August 11, 2020.
  15. ^ "President Tokayev Creates Supreme Council Dedicated to Reforming Kazakhstan". The Astana Times.
  16. ^ Abdulaziz, Abdurakhmon (8 August 2023). "Shavkat Mirziyoyev receives Suma Chakrabarti - adviser on economic development, good governance and international cooperation". Daryo.uz. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  17. ^ "Annual Newsletter 2002, Issue No 8" (PDF). Overseas Pensions Department. September 2002.
[edit]