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Ford Aerospace became Space Systems/Loral between order and launch.
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{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Superbird-A<!--defaults to page title-->
| name = Superbird-A1
| names_list = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed.
| names_list = Superbird-1A
| image =
Include the dates applicable if possible, and separate each name with a linebreak.
| image_caption =
Omit if the spacecraft has only ever been known by one name.
| image_size = 300px
Do not include Harvard, COSPAR/NSSDC or SATCAT/NORAD/NASA designations as alternative names-->


| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communications]]
<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->
| image = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| operator = [[SSL (company)|Space Systems/Loral]]
| image_caption = <!--image caption-->
| COSPAR_ID = 1992-084A <ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1/>
| image_alt = <!--image alt text-->
| SATCAT = 22253
| image_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px-->
| website =
| mission_duration = 10 years (planned)


| spacecraft = Superbird-A1
<!--Basic details-->
| spacecraft_type = [[JSAT (satellite constellation)|Superbird]]
| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communication]]<!--eg. Technology, Reconnaissance, ISS assembly, etc-->
| spacecraft_bus = [[SSL 1300]]
| operator = [[Space Communications Corporation]]<!--organisation(s) that operate(d) the spacecraft-->
| manufacturer = [[Ford Aerospace]]
| Harvard_designation = <!--spacecraft launched 1962 and earlier only (eg. 1957 Alpha 2)-->
| launch_mass = {{cvt|2780|kg}}
| COSPAR_ID = 1992-084A<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1 /><!--spacecraft launched since 1963 only (aka NSSDC ID; eg. 1998-067A)-->
| dry_mass =
| SATCAT = 22253<!--satellite catalogue number, omit leading zeroes (e.g. 25544)-->
| dimensions = Stowed: {{cvt|2.41|x|2.58|x|2.20|m}}<br/>[[Solar panels on spacecraft|Solar panels]] extended: {{cvt|20.3|m}}
| website = <!--Homepage of the craft/mission, OFFICIAL PAGES ONLY-->
| power = 4 [[Watt|kW]]
| mission_duration = <!--How long the mission lasted-->


| launch_date = 1 December 1992, 22:48:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1orbit/>
<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| launch_rocket = [[Ariane 4|Ariane-42P H10+]]
| spacecraft = Superbird-A1<!--Spacecraft name/serial number (eg. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc-->
| spacecraft_type = <!--eg. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc-->
| launch_site = [[Guiana Space Centre|Cebtre Spatial Guyanais]], [[ELA-2]]
| launch_contractor = [[Arianespace]]
| spacecraft_bus = [[SSL 1300]]<!--eg. A2100M, Star-2, etc-->
| manufacturer = [[Ford Aerospace]]<!--company or companies who built the satellite-->
| launch_mass = {{convert|2780|kg|abbr=on}}<!--fuelled mass at launch, not including rocket or upper stage-->
| BOL_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase-->
| landing_mass = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| dry_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| payload_mass = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (eg. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions = Stowed:{{convert|2.41|x|2.58|x|2.20|m|abbr=on}}<br />Solar arrays extended:{{convert|20.3|m|abbr=on}}<!--body dimensions and solar array span-->
| power = 4&nbsp;kW<!--end-of-life power, in watts-->


| entered_service =
<!--Launch details-->
| disposal_type =
| launch_date = {{start date|1992|12|01|22|48|00|TZ=Z}}<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1orbit />
| deactivated =
| launch_rocket = [[Ariane 4|Ariane-42P]]<!--Rocket that launched the satellite, include upper stage if distinct from rocket* and if possible flight/tail/serial number-->
| last_contact =
| launch_site = [[Guiana Space Centre|Kourou]] [[ELA-2]]<!--Where the rocket launched from, including complex and pad; do not include the full address or country-->
| launch_contractor = [[Arianespace]]<!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (eg. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->
| deployment_from = <!--place where deployed from-->
| deployment_date = <!--date deployed-->
| entered_service = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->
<!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur-->


| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name=nyo-22253date20160819/>
<!--end of mission-->
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit]]
| disposal_type = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| orbit_longitude = 158° East
| deactivated = <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| apsis = gee
| destroyed = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| recovery_by = <!--recovered by-->
| recovery_date = <!--recovery date-->
| decay_date = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed-->
| landing_date = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->
<!--
The following template should be used for ONE of the three above fields "end_of_mission", "decay" or "landing" if the spacecraft is no longer operational.
If it landed intact, use it for the landing time, otherwise for the date it ceased operations, or the decay date if it was still operational when it re-entered.
{{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}} (for Zulu/UTC) or {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} (if time unknown)
-->


| trans_band = 14 [[Ku band|Ku-band]]<br/>30 [[Ka band|Ka-band]]<ref name=satbeams-superbirda1/>
<!--orbit parameters-->
| trans_frequency =
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->
| trans_bandwidth =
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]<!--geocentric, selenocentric, etc - please link (e.g. [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]])-->
| trans_capacity =
| orbit_regime = [[Inclined orbit#Inclined geosynchronous orbit|Inclined geosynchronous]]<!--high, low, medium, molniya, GSO - please link (e.g. [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] - please don't use acronyms-->
| trans_coverage = Japan
| orbit_longitude = <!--geosynchronous satellites only-->
| orbit_slot = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)-->
| orbit_semimajor = 42,491&nbsp;km<!--semimajor axis-->
| orbit_eccentricity = <!--orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_periapsis = 36,053.0&nbsp;km<!--periapsis altitude-->
| orbit_apoapsis = 36,187.7&nbsp;km<!--apoapsis altitude-->
| orbit_inclination = 8.2°<!--orbital inclination-->
| orbit_period = 1,452.8&nbsp;minutes<!--time taken to complete an orbit-->
| orbit_RAAN = <!--right ascension of the ascending node-->
| orbit_arg_periapsis = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis-->
| orbit_mean_anomaly = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value-->
| orbit_mean_motion = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day-->
| orbit_repeat = <!--repeat interval/revisit time-->
| orbit_velocity = <!--speed at which the spacecraft was travelling at epoch - only use for spacecraft with low orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_epoch = 2016-08-19 00:00:00UTC<ref name=nyo-22253date20160819 /><!--the date at which the orbit parameters were correct-->
| orbit_rev_number = <!--revolution number-->
| apsis = gee<!--planet specific apsis term (eg. gee/helion/selene/etc - defaults to generic "apsis")-->


| insignia =
<!--transponder parameters-->
| insignia_caption =
| trans_band = 14 [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]] and 30 [[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub> band]]<!--Transponder frequency bands--><ref name=satbeams-superbirda1 />
| insignia_size = 200px
| trans_frequency = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW = <!--half-power beam width-->


| programme = [[JSAT (satellite constellation)#Space Communications Corporation|Superbird constellation]]
<!--Only use where a spacecraft/mission is part of a clear programme of sequential missions.
| previous_mission = [[Superbird-B1]]
If in doubt, leave it out-->
| programme = [[JSAT (satellite constellation)#Space Communications Corporation|Superbird]]
| next_mission = [[Superbird-C]]
| previous_mission = [[Superbird-B1]]
| next_mission = [[Superbird-C]]

<!--mission insignia or patch-->
| insignia = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| insignia_caption = <!--image caption-->
| insignia_alt = <!--image alt text-->
| insignia_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px-->
}}
}}


'''Superbird-A1''', also identified as '''Superbird-1A''' before launch, was a [[geostationary orbit|geostationary]] [[communications satellite]] designed and manufactured by [[Ford Aerospace]] (now [[SSL (company)|SSL MDA]]) on the [[SSL 1300]] platform. It was originally ordered by [[Space Communications Corporation]] (SCC), which later merged into the [[SKY Perfect JSAT Group]].<ref name=sslmda-superbird /> It had a mixed [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]] and [[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub> band]] payload and operated on the 158°E longitude.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1 /><ref name=gsp-superbirda />
'''Superbird-A1''', also identified as '''Superbird-1A''' before launch, was a [[geostationary orbit|geostationary]] [[communications satellite]] designed and manufactured by [[Ford Aerospace]] (now [[SSL (company)|Space Systems/Loral]]) on the [[SSL 1300]] [[satellite bus]]. It was originally ordered by [[SKY Perfect JSAT|Space Communications Corporation]] (SCC), which later merged into the [[SKY Perfect JSAT Group]].<ref name=sslmda-superbird/> It had a mixed [[Ku band|Ku-band]] and [[Ka band|Ka-band]] payload and operated on the 158° East [[longitude]].<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1/><ref name=gsp-superbirda/>

It was ordered in 1985 along [[Superbird-B]], Superbird-A1 and [[Superbird-B1]] on the very first order of the SSL 1300 platform.<ref name=gsp-superbirda/><ref name=sslmda-pr20070717/><ref name=sslmda-1300history/><ref name=sslmda-timeline/>

== Satellite description ==
The spacecraft was the fourth satellite designed and manufactured by [[Ford Aerospace]] on the [[SSL 1300]] [[satellite bus]]. It was based on the design of the [[List of Intelsat satellites#Fifth generation|Intelsat V]] series and offered a [[Three-axis stabilisation|three-axis stabilized]] platform.<ref name=gsp-superbirda/><ref name=sslmda-pr20070717/><ref name=sslmda-1300history/><ref name=sslmda-timeline/>

It had a launch mass of {{cvt|2780|kg}} and a 10-year design life.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1/><ref name=satbeams-superbirda1/> When stowed for launch, its dimensions were {{cvt|2.41|x|2.58|x|2.20|m}}. With its solar panels fully extended it spanned {{cvt|20.3|m}}. Its power system generated approximately 4 [[Watt|kW]] of power due to two wings with three [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] each.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1/><ref name=gsp-superbirda/> It also a [[Nickel–hydrogen battery|NiH<sub>2</sub> battery]] to survive the [[solar eclipse]]s. It would serve as the main satellite on the 158°E longitude position of the [[JSAT (satellite constellation)#Space Communications Corporation|Superbird]].<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1/><ref name=gsp-superbirda/>

Its propulsion system included an [[R-4D|R-4D-11]] [[liquid apogee engine]] (LAE) with a thrust of {{cvt|490|N}}.<ref name=gsp-superbirda/> It included enough propellant for [[Geostationary transfer orbit|orbit circularization]] and 10 years of operation.<ref name=gsp-superbirda/>

Its payload is composed of 14 [[Ku band|Ku-band]] plus 30 [[Ka band|Ka-band]] [[Transponder (satellite communications)|transponders]].<ref name=satbeams-superbirda1/>

== History ==
'''Space Communications Corporation''' (SCC) was founded in 1985, the same year as the original companies that later formed [[JSAT Corporation|JSAT]].<ref name=skyperfectjsat-history20160728 /> On 1986 SCC ordered four spacecraft, [[Superbird-A|Superbird-1]], [[Superbird-B|Superbird-2]], '''Superbird-A1''' and [[Superbird-B1]] from [[Ford Aerospace]], which became [[SSL (company)|Space Systems/Loral]] in October 1990.<ref name=sslmda-1300history/>

On 1 December 1992 at 22:48:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] Superbird-A1, was launched aboard an [[Ariane 4|Ariane 42P]].<ref name=gsp-superbirda/> It was injected into a 192&nbsp;km × 35,990&nbsp;km × 7° [[geosynchronous transfer orbit]] (GTO), from which it climbed through three [[liquid apogee engine]] (LEA) firings.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1/> It was positioned in its 158° East longitude position where it was integrated to the [[JSAT (satellite constellation)|Superbird]] communication network.<ref name=gsp-superbirda/><ref name=globalsecurity-japansuperbird/><ref name=astronautix-ariane42p/>
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=astronautix-ariane42p>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane42p.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827143530/http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane42p.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 August 2016|title=Ariane 42P|last1=Wade|first1=Mark|publisher=Encyclopaedia Astronautica|access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>

<ref name=globalsecurity-japansuperbird>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/japan/superbird.htm|title=Superbird|publisher=Global Security|access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>

<ref name=gsp-superbirda>{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/superbird-a.htm|title=Superbird A, A1, B, B1|last1=Krebs|first1=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=2016-04-17|date=2016-08-19}}</ref>

<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1992-084A|title=Display: Superbird A1 1992-084A|publisher=NASA|date=10 February 2021|access-date=19 March 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>


<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1orbit>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1992-084A|title=Trajectory: Superbird A1 1992-084A|publisher=NASA|date=10 February 2021|access-date=19 March 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
It was ordered in 1985 along [[Superbird-B]], Superbird-A1 and [[Superbird-B1]] on the very first order of the SSL 1300 platform.<ref name=gsp-superbirda /><ref name=sslmda-pr20070717 /><ref name=sslmda-1300history /><ref name=sslmda-timeline />


<ref name=nyo-22253date20160819>{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=22253|title=SUPERBIRD A1|publisher=N2YO.com|access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
==Satellite description==
The spacecraft was the fourth satellite designed and manufactured by [[Ford Aerospace]] on the [[SSL 1300]] [[satellite bus]]. It was based on the design of the [[List of Intelsat satellites#Fifth generation|Intelsat V]] series and offered a [[Three-axis stabilisation|three-axis stabilized]] platform.<ref name=gsp-superbirda /><ref name=sslmda-pr20070717 /><ref name=sslmda-1300history /><ref name=sslmda-timeline />


<ref name=satbeams-superbirda1>{{cite web|title=Superbird A1|url=http://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=22253|publisher=Satbeams|access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
It had a launch mass of {{convert|2780|kg|abbr=on}} and a 10-year design life.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1 /><ref name=satbeams-superbirda1 /> When stowed for launch, its dimensions were {{convert|2.41|x|2.58|x|2.20|m|abbr=on}}. With its solar panels fully extended it spanned {{convert|20.3|m|abbr=on}}. Its power system generated approximately 3,984&nbsp;W of power thanks to two wings with three solar panels each.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1 /><ref name=gsp-superbirda /> It also a [[Nickel–hydrogen battery|NiH<sub>2</sub> battery]] to survive the solar eclipses. It would serve as the main satellite on the 158°E longitude position of the [[JSAT (satellite constellation)#Space Communications Corporation|Superbird]].<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1 /><ref name=gsp-superbirda />


<ref name=skyperfectjsat-history20160728>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyperfectjsat.co.jp/en/about/history.html|title=History|publisher=SKY Perfect JSAT|access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
Its propulsion system included an [[R-4D|R-4D-11]] [[Liquid Apogee Engine|LAE]] with a thrust of {{convert|490|N|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gsp-superbirda /> It included enough propellant for [[Geostationary transfer orbit|orbit circularization]] and 10 years of operation.<ref name=gsp-superbirda />


<ref name=sslmda-1300history>{{cite web|url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/aboutssl/history_1300.html|title=Awards & Launch History - 1300 Bus Satellites|publisher=SSL (company)|access-date=2016-08-19|archive-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812041413/http://sslmda.com/html/aboutssl/history_1300.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Its payload is composed of 14 [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]] plus 30 [[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub> band]] [[Transponder (satellite communications)|transponders]].<ref name=satbeams-superbirda1 />


<ref name=sslmda-pr20070717>{{cite web|url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/pressreleases/pr20070717.html|title=Industry Pioneer Marks Milestone, Continues to Lead in Providing High-Power Commercial Satellites, Helping Operators Meet Business Objectives|publisher=SSL (company)|date=July 17, 2007|access-date=2016-08-19|archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819062046/http://www.sslmda.com/html/pressreleases/pr20070717.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==History==
'''Space Communications Corporation''' (SCC) was founded in 1985, the same year as the original companies that later formed JSAT.<ref name=skyperfectjsat-history20160728 /> On 1986 SCC ordered four spacecrafts, [[Superbird-1]], [[Superbird-2]], '''Superbird-A1''' and [[Superbird-B1]] from [[Ford Aerospace]], which became [[SSL (company)|Space Systems/Loral]] on October 1990.<ref name=sslmda-1300history />


<ref name=sslmda-superbird>{{cite web|url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/satexp/superbird.html|title=Superbird-1, -2|publisher=SSL (company)|access-date=2016-08-19|archive-date=22 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722200138/http://www.sslmda.com/html/satexp/superbird.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On December 1, 1992 at 22:37:18 UTC Superbird-A1, was launched aboard an [[Ariane 4|Ariane 42P]].<ref name=gsp-superbirda /> It was injected into a 192&nbsp;km × 35,990&nbsp;km × 7° [[geosynchronous transfer orbit]], from which it climbed through three [[Liquid Apogee Engine|liquid apogee engine]] firings.<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1 /> It was positioned in its 158°East longitude position where it was integrated to the [[Superbird-A]] communication network.<ref name=gsp-superbirda /><ref name=globalsecurity-japansuperbird /><ref name=astronautix-ariane42p />


<ref name=sslmda-timeline>{{cite web|url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/aboutssl/50years.html|title=Celebrating Fifty Years of Satellite Innovation|publisher=SSL (company)|access-date=2016-08-19|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404080318/http://www.sslmda.com/html/aboutssl/50years.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=astronautix-ariane42p>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane42p.html |title=Ariane 42P |last1=Wade |first1=Mark |website=Encyclopaedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=globalsecurity-japansuperbird>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/japan/superbird.htm |title=Superbird |publisher=Global Security |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-superbirda>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/superbird-a.htm |title=Superbird A, A1, B, B1 |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-04-17 |date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1989-041A |title=Superbird A1 |publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive |date=27 April 2016 |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=nasagsfc-nssdcasuperbirda1orbit>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1989-041A |title=Superbird A1 |publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive |date=27 April 2016 |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=nyo-22253date20160819>{{cite web |url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=22253 |title=SUPERBIRD A1 |publisher=n2yo.com |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=satbeams-superbirda1>{{cite web |title=Superbird A1 |url=http://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=22253 |publisher=Satbeams |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=skyperfectjsat-history20160728>{{cite web |url=http://www.skyperfectjsat.co.jp/en/about/history.html |title=History |publisher=SKY Perfect JSAT Holdings Inc. |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=sslmda-1300history>{{cite web |url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/aboutssl/history_1300.html |title=Awards & Launch History - 1300 Bus Satellites |publisher=[[SSL (company)|SSL]] |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=sslmda-pr20070717>{{cite web |url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/pressreleases/pr20070717.html |title=Industry Pioneer Marks Milestone, Continues to Lead in Providing High-Power Commercial Satellites, Helping Operators Meet Business Objectives |publisher=[[SSL (company)|SSL]] |date=July 17, 2007 |accessdate=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=sslmda-superbird>{{cite web |url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/satexp/superbird.html |title=Superbird-1, -2 |publisher=[[SSL (company)|SSL]] |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name=sslmda-timeline>{{cite web |url=http://www.sslmda.com/html/aboutssl/50years.html |title=Celebrating Fifty Years of Satellite Innovation |publisher=[[SSL (company)|SSL]] |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref>
}}
}}


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[[Category:Satellites using the SSL 1300 bus]]
[[Category:Satellites using the SSL 1300 bus]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1992]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1992]]
[[Category:Satellites of Japan]]
[[Category:Communications satellites of Japan]]
[[Category:1992 in Japan]]

Latest revision as of 06:22, 7 August 2023

Superbird-A1
NamesSuperbird-1A
Mission typeCommunications
OperatorSpace Systems/Loral
COSPAR ID1992-084A [1]
SATCAT no.22253
Mission duration10 years (planned)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftSuperbird-A1
Spacecraft typeSuperbird
BusSSL 1300
ManufacturerFord Aerospace
Launch mass2,780 kg (6,130 lb)
DimensionsStowed: 2.41 m × 2.58 m × 2.20 m (7 ft 11 in × 8 ft 6 in × 7 ft 3 in)
Solar panels extended: 20.3 m (67 ft)
Power4 kW
Start of mission
Launch date1 December 1992, 22:48:00 UTC[2]
RocketAriane-42P H10+
Launch siteCebtre Spatial Guyanais, ELA-2
ContractorArianespace
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[3]
RegimeGeostationary orbit
Longitude158° East
Transponders
Band14 Ku-band
30 Ka-band[4]
Coverage areaJapan

Superbird-A1, also identified as Superbird-1A before launch, was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace (now Space Systems/Loral) on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Space Communications Corporation (SCC), which later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group.[5] It had a mixed Ku-band and Ka-band payload and operated on the 158° East longitude.[1][6]

It was ordered in 1985 along Superbird-B, Superbird-A1 and Superbird-B1 on the very first order of the SSL 1300 platform.[6][7][8][9]

Satellite description

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The spacecraft was the fourth satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was based on the design of the Intelsat V series and offered a three-axis stabilized platform.[6][7][8][9]

It had a launch mass of 2,780 kg (6,130 lb) and a 10-year design life.[1][4] When stowed for launch, its dimensions were 2.41 m × 2.58 m × 2.20 m (7 ft 11 in × 8 ft 6 in × 7 ft 3 in). With its solar panels fully extended it spanned 20.3 m (67 ft). Its power system generated approximately 4 kW of power due to two wings with three solar panels each.[1][6] It also a NiH2 battery to survive the solar eclipses. It would serve as the main satellite on the 158°E longitude position of the Superbird.[1][6]

Its propulsion system included an R-4D-11 liquid apogee engine (LAE) with a thrust of 490 N (110 lbf).[6] It included enough propellant for orbit circularization and 10 years of operation.[6]

Its payload is composed of 14 Ku-band plus 30 Ka-band transponders.[4]

History

[edit]

Space Communications Corporation (SCC) was founded in 1985, the same year as the original companies that later formed JSAT.[10] On 1986 SCC ordered four spacecraft, Superbird-1, Superbird-2, Superbird-A1 and Superbird-B1 from Ford Aerospace, which became Space Systems/Loral in October 1990.[8]

On 1 December 1992 at 22:48:00 UTC Superbird-A1, was launched aboard an Ariane 42P.[6] It was injected into a 192 km × 35,990 km × 7° geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), from which it climbed through three liquid apogee engine (LEA) firings.[1] It was positioned in its 158° East longitude position where it was integrated to the Superbird communication network.[6][11][12]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Display: Superbird A1 1992-084A". NASA. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Trajectory: Superbird A1 1992-084A". NASA. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ "SUPERBIRD A1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Superbird A1". Satbeams. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  5. ^ "Superbird-1, -2". SSL (company). Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Krebs, Gunter (19 August 2016). "Superbird A, A1, B, B1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  7. ^ a b "Industry Pioneer Marks Milestone, Continues to Lead in Providing High-Power Commercial Satellites, Helping Operators Meet Business Objectives". SSL (company). 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  8. ^ a b c "Awards & Launch History - 1300 Bus Satellites". SSL (company). Archived from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Celebrating Fifty Years of Satellite Innovation". SSL (company). Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  10. ^ "History". SKY Perfect JSAT. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  11. ^ "Superbird". Global Security. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  12. ^ Wade, Mark. "Ariane 42P". Encyclopaedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
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