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{{short description|Unit of weight and currency}}
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A '''mace''' ({{zh-cpcy|c=[[Wiktionary:錢|錢]]|p=qián|cy=chìhn}}; [[Hong Kong]] English usage also: '''tsin'''<ref name = "hk_law">{{cite web|title = Weights and Measures Ordinance |work = The Law of Hong Kong | url = http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/4ed2ff0cf02f2fd9c82564760077af3c?OpenDocument }}</ref>) is a traditional Chinese [[unit of measurement|measurement]] of weight in [[East Asia]] that was also used as a currency denomination. It is equal to 10 [[candareen]]s and is 1/10 of a [[tael]] or approximately 3.78 [[gram]]s. A [[troy weight|troy]] candareen is approximately 3.74 grams. In [[Hong Kong]], one mace is 3.779936375 [[gramme]].<ref name = "hk_law"/> and in Ordinance 22 of 1884, it is {{frac|2|15}} [[ounce|oz. avoir.]]
{{Chinese
|c=錢
|p=qián
|w=ch'ien<sup>2</sup>
|j=cin4
|y=chìhn
|poj=chîⁿ
|h=tshièn
|kanji=錢 (匁<ref>weight unit (1891–1933)</ref>)
|hiragana=せん (もんめ)
|romaji=sen (monme)
|hangul=돈, 전
|hanja=錢
|rr=don, jeon
|mr=ton, chŏn
|yr=ton, cen
|qn=tiền
|chuhan= {{linktext|錢}}
|ind=mas
|msa=mas
|mon=цэн
|mnc=ᠵᡳᡥᠠ
|mnc_v=jiha
|lang2=Buryat
|lang2_content=сэн
}}
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A '''mace''' ({{zh | c=[[Wiktionary:錢|錢]]| hp=qián| l=| links=no}}; [[Hong Kong]] English usage: '''tsin''';<ref name = "hk_law">{{cite web|title = Weights and Measures Ordinance |work = The Law of Hong Kong | url =http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/4ed2ff0cf02f2fd9c82564760077af3c?OpenDocument}}</ref> [[Southeast Asia]]n English usage: '''chee'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=urNJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA152 "Weights and Measures"] in ''The Miners' Pocket-book''.</ref>) is a traditional Chinese [[unit of measurement|measurement]] of weight in [[East Asia]] that was also used as a currency denomination. It is equal to 10 [[candareen]]s and is {{frac|10}} of a [[tael]] or approximately 3.78 [[gram]]s. A [[troy weight|troy]] mace is approximately 3.7429 grams. In [[Hong Kong]], one mace is {{val|3.779936375}} grams.<ref name = "hk_law"/> and in Ordinance 22 of 1884, it is {{frac|2|15}} [[ounce]]s [[avoirdupois]]. In Singapore, one mace (referred to as chee) is {{val|3.77994}} grams.<ref name = "sg_law">{{cite web|title = Weights and Measures Act (CHAPTER 349) Third Schedule|work = Singapore Statutes | url = http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1976-REVED-349&doctitle=WEIGHTS%20AND%20MEASURES%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=part&sl=1&segid=888373245-001666 }}</ref>


In imperial [[China]], 10 [[candareen]]s equaled 1 mace which was 1/10 of a [[tael]] and, like the other units, was used in weight-denominated silver currency system. A common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver [[Chinese yuan]].
In imperial [[China]], 10 [[candareen]]s equaled 1 mace which was {{frac|10}} of a [[tael]] and, like the other units, was used in weight-denominated silver currency system. A common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver [[Yuan (currency)|Chinese yuan]].


==Name==
==Name==
Like other similar measures such as tael and [[catty]], the English word "mace" derives from [[Malay language|Malay]], in this case through [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ''maes'', plural ''masen'', from Malay ''mas'' which, in turn , derived from [[Sanskrit]] ''{{IAST|māṣa}}'', a word related to "mash," another name for the [[urad (bean)|urad bean]], and [[masha (mass)|masha]], a traditional Indian unit of weight equal to 0.97 gram.<ref>{{OED|Mace ''n³''}}</ref> This word is unrelated to [[mace|other uses of mace]] in English.
Like other similar measures such as tael and [[catty]], the English word "mace" derives from [[Malay language|Malay]], in this case through [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ''maes'', plural ''masen'', from Malay ''mas'' which, in turn, derived from [[Sanskrit]] ''{{IAST|māṣa}}'' ({{lang|sa|माष}}), a word related to "mash," another name for the [[urad (bean)|urad bean]], and [[masha (mass)|masha]], a traditional Indian unit of weight equal to 0.97 gram.<ref>{{OED|Mace ''n³''}}</ref> This word is unrelated to [[mace (disambiguation)|other uses of "mace"]] in English.


The Chinese word for mace is ''qián'' (錢), which is also a generic word for "money" in [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]]. (The same [[Chinese character]] ([[kanji]]) was used for the [[Japan]]ese ''sen'', the former unit equal to {{frac|100}} of a [[Japanese yen]] and for the [[Vietnamese tiền]], a currency used in late [[Nguyễn Dynasty|imperial Vietnam]], although neither of these is ever known as "mace" in English.)
The Chinese word for mace is ''qián'' ({{zh|c=錢|links=no}}), which is also a generic word for "money" in [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]]. The same [[Chinese character]] ([[kanji]]) was used for the [[Japan]]ese ''sen'', the former unit equal to {{frac|100}} of a [[Japanese yen]], the [[Korea]]n ''chŏn'' ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|revised]]: ''jeon''), the former unit equal to {{frac|100}} of a [[Korean won]], and for the [[Vietnamese tiền]], a currency used in late [[Nguyễn dynasty|imperial Vietnam]], although none of these has ever been known as "mace" in English.

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==References==
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{{Reflist}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Money}}
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*[[Chinese units of measurement]]
* [[Economy of the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Chinese units of measurement]]
* [[Economic history of China (Pre-1911)]]
* [[Economic history of China (Pre-1911)]]
* [[Economic history of Modern China]]
* [[Economic history of China (1912–1949)]]
* [[Economy of China]]
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* [[Hong Kong units of measurement]]
* [[Taiwanese units of measurement]]


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== References ==
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{{Reflist}}

{{Currency units of China}}
{{Monetary weight units of China}}
{{Chinese currency and coinage}}
{{Chinese currency and coinage}}

[[Category:Currencies of China]]
[[Category:Currencies of China]]
[[Category:Currencies of Asia]]
[[Category:Currencies of Asia]]
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[[Category:Chinese units in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Chinese units in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Units of mass]]
[[Category:Units of mass]]



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{{Money-stub}}
{{China-stub}}
{{China-hist-stub}}
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[[sv:Mace]]
[[vi:Chỉ (đơn vị đo)]]
[[zh-yue:錢 (重)]]

Revision as of 21:41, 5 August 2023

Mace
Chinese name
Chinese錢
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinqián
Wade–Gilesch'ien2
Hakka
Romanizationtshièn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationchìhn
Jyutpingcin4
Southern Min
Hokkien POJchîⁿ
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabettiền
Chữ Hán錢
Korean name
Hangul돈, 전
Hanja錢
Transcriptions
Revised Romanizationdon, jeon
McCune–Reischauerton, chŏn
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillicцэн
Japanese name
Kanji錢 (匁[1])
Hiraganaせん (もんめ)
Transcriptions
Romanizationsen (monme)
Malay name
Malaymas
Indonesian name
Indonesianmas
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᠵᡳᡥᠠ
Möllendorffjiha

A mace (Chinese: 錢; pinyin: qián; Hong Kong English usage: tsin;[2] Southeast Asian English usage: chee[3]) is a traditional Chinese measurement of weight in East Asia that was also used as a currency denomination. It is equal to 10 candareens and is 1⁄10 of a tael or approximately 3.78 grams. A troy mace is approximately 3.7429 grams. In Hong Kong, one mace is 3.779936375 grams.[2] and in Ordinance 22 of 1884, it is 2⁄15 ounces avoirdupois. In Singapore, one mace (referred to as chee) is 3.77994 grams.[4]

In imperial China, 10 candareens equaled 1 mace which was 1⁄10 of a tael and, like the other units, was used in weight-denominated silver currency system. A common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver Chinese yuan.

Name

Like other similar measures such as tael and catty, the English word "mace" derives from Malay, in this case through Dutch maes, plural masen, from Malay mas which, in turn, derived from Sanskrit māṣa (माष), a word related to "mash," another name for the urad bean, and masha, a traditional Indian unit of weight equal to 0.97 gram.[5] This word is unrelated to other uses of "mace" in English.

The Chinese word for mace is qián (Chinese: 錢), which is also a generic word for "money" in Mandarin Chinese. The same Chinese character (kanji) was used for the Japanese sen, the former unit equal to 1⁄100 of a Japanese yen, the Korean chŏn (revised: jeon), the former unit equal to 1⁄100 of a Korean won, and for the Vietnamese tiền, a currency used in late imperial Vietnam, although none of these has ever been known as "mace" in English.

See also

References

  1. ^ weight unit (1891–1933)
  2. ^ a b "Weights and Measures Ordinance". The Law of Hong Kong.
  3. ^ "Weights and Measures" in The Miners' Pocket-book.
  4. ^ "Weights and Measures Act (CHAPTER 349) Third Schedule". Singapore Statutes.
  5. ^ "Mace n³". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)


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