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Anna Xylaloe (Άννα) was the first Empress consort of Manuel I of Trebizond.

Name

"Xylaloe" is a Greek language term for agarwood, the resinous heartwood from Aquilaria trees, large evergreens native to Southeast Asia. Pedanius Dioscorides mentioned it as an Aloe from the Indian subcontinent, probably a confusion resulting from the similarity in name of the two products.^[1]

Empress

She is briefly mentioned in the chronicle of Michael Panaretos. Following the death of Manuel "at his exhortation and choice, his son by the empress the lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos Komnenos, succeeded to the throne and reigned for three years. And he died in 6774 [AD 1266]."^[2] She is the only one of Manuel's three wives Panaretos gives the title of "Empress".

Anna is assumed to have been the first of three wives of Manuel, married to him c. 1235. Her only known son, Andronikos II of Trebizond, preceded his half-siblings George, Emperor of Trebizond, John II of Trebizond and Theodora of Trebizond on the throne. For this reason Andronikos is considered to have been their elder.^[3]

Manuel had at least two daughters whose mother is not mentioned. They could be children by Anna or another of his wives. One of the daughters married Demetre II of Georgia, the other married one of his Didebul.^[4] Though mentioned in modern genealogies as a name, "Didebul" was actually a title which Christopher Buyers defines as "non-hereditary noblemen of high rank, senior to aznaur, usually enjoyed by one in state service".^{[citation needed]}

Kuršanskis believes that the Trapezuntine embassy Manuel sent to King Louis IX of France in 1253, asking to marry a daughter of his house, provides a terminus post quem for the death of Anna Xylaloe. When King Louis declined the alliance, Kuršanskis argues Manuel then married Irene Syrikaina.^[5]

References

^ Andrew Dalby, "Food in the ancient world from A to Z: An A-Z" (2003), page 6
^ "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", translated by Basileos Nestor Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
^ Kelsey Jackson Williams, "A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond," Foundations, 2 (2006), pp. 174f
^ Michel Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora Grande Comnène", Revue des études byzantines, 33 (1975), pp. 200f
^ Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora", pp. 198f

External links

Page of "Food in the Ancient World" which gives definition of Xylaloe

Royal titles
Preceded by Komnene	Empress consort of Trebizond c. 1238–1240s	Succeeded by Rusudan of Georgia

[1] Andrew Dalby, "Food in the ancient world from A to Z: An A-Z" (2003), page 6

[2] "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", translated by Basileos Nestor Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Kelsey Jackson Williams, "A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond," Foundations, 2 (2006), pp. 174f

[4] Michel Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora Grande Comnène", Revue des études byzantines, 33 (1975), pp. 200f

[5] Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora", pp. 198f

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[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Empress consort of Manuel I of Trebizond}}
 '''Anna Xylaloe''' (Άννα) was the first Empress consort of [[Manuel I of Trebizond]].
 ==Name==
-"Xylaloe" is a [[Greek language]] term for [[agarwood]], the [[resin]]ous [[heartwood]] from [[Aquilaria]] trees, large [[evergreen]]s native to [[Southeast Asia]]. [[Pedanius Dioscorides]] mentioned it as an [[Aloe]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]], probably a confusion resulting from the similarity in name of the two products.<ref>Andrew Dalby, "Food in the ancient world from A to Z: An A-Z" (2003), page 6</ref>
+"Xylaloe" is a [[Greek language]] term for [[agarwood]], the [[resin]]ous [[heartwood]] from ''[[Aquilaria]]'' trees, large [[evergreen]]s native to [[Southeast Asia]]. [[Pedanius Dioscorides]] mentioned it as an [[Aloe]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]], probably a confusion resulting from the similarity in name of the two products.<ref>Andrew Dalby, "Food in the ancient world from A to Z: An A-Z" (2003), page 6</ref>
 ==Empress==
-She is briefly mentioned in the chronicle of [[Michael Panaretos]]. Following the death of Manuel "at his exhortation and choice, his son by the empress the lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos Komnenos, succeeded to the throne and reigned for three years. And he died in 6774 [AD 1266]." <ref>[http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/972250 "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", translated by Basileos Nestor]</ref> She is the only one of Manuel's three wives Panaretos gives the title of "Empress".
+She is briefly mentioned in the chronicle of [[Michael Panaretos]]. Following the death of Manuel "at his exhortation and choice, his son by the empress the lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos Komnenos, succeeded to the throne and reigned for three years. And he died in 6774 [AD 1266]."<ref>[http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/972250 "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", translated by Basileos Nestor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614112653/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/972250 |date=2011-06-14 }}</ref> She is the only one of Manuel's three wives Panaretos gives the title of "Empress".
 Anna is assumed to have been the first of three wives of Manuel, married to him c. 1235. Her only known son, [[Andronikos II of Trebizond]], preceded his half-siblings [[George, Emperor of Trebizond]], [[John II of Trebizond]] and [[Theodora of Trebizond]] on the throne. For this reason Andronikos is considered to have been their elder.<ref>Kelsey Jackson Williams, "A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond," ''Foundations'', '''2''' (2006), pp. 174f</ref>
-Manuel had at least two daughters whose mother is not mentioned. They could be children by Anna or another of his wives. One of the daughters married [[Demetre II of Georgia]], the other married one of his Didebul.<ref>Michel Kuršanskis, [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_1975_num_33_1_2030 "L'usurpation de Théodora Grande Comnène"], ''Revue des études byzantines'', '''33''' (1975),  pp. 200f</ref> Though mentioned in modern genealogies as a name, "Didebul" was actually a title which Christopher Buyers defines as "non-hereditary noblemen of high rank, senior to aznaur, usually enjoyed by one in state service".<ref>[http://4dw.net/royalark/Georgia/glossary.htm Christopher Buyers, "The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty", Glossary section]</ref>
+Manuel had at least two daughters whose mother is not mentioned. They could be children by Anna or another of his wives. One of the daughters married [[Demetre II of Georgia]], the other married one of his Didebul.<ref>Michel Kuršanskis, [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_1975_num_33_1_2030 "L'usurpation de Théodora Grande Comnène"], ''Revue des études byzantines'', '''33''' (1975),  pp. 200f</ref> Though mentioned in modern genealogies as a name, "Didebul" was actually a title which Christopher Buyers defines as "non-hereditary noblemen of high rank, senior to [[Aznauri|aznaur]], usually enjoyed by one in state service".{{cn|date=August 2020}}
 Kuršanskis believes that the Trapezuntine embassy Manuel sent to King [[Louis IX of France]] in 1253, asking to marry a daughter of his house, provides a ''[[terminus post quem]]'' for the death of Anna Xylaloe. When King Louis declined the alliance, Kuršanskis argues Manuel then married [[Irene Syrikaina]].<ref>Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora", pp. 198f</ref>
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 [[Category:13th-century births]]
 [[Category:1240s deaths]]
-[[Category:Empresses of Trebizond]]
+[[Category:Empresses consort of Trebizond]]
-[[Category:13th-century Byzantine people]]
+[[Category:13th-century Byzantine women]]
-[[Category:13th-century women]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
 [[Category:Year of death unknown]]