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{{Short description|Empress consort of Manuel I of Trebizond}} |
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'''Anna Xylaloe''' (Άννα) was the first Empress consort of [[Manuel I of Trebizond]]. |
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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| ⚫ | "Xylaloe" is a [[Greek language]] term for [[agarwood]], the [[resin]]ous [[heartwood]] from ''[[Aquilaria]]'' trees, large [[evergreen]]s native to [[Southeast Asia]]. [[Pedanius Dioscorides]] mentioned it as an [[Aloe]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]], probably a confusion resulting from the similarity in name of the two products.<ref>Andrew Dalby, "Food in the ancient world from A to Z: An A-Z" (2003), page 6</ref> |
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| ⚫ | "Xylaloe" is a [[Greek language]] term for [[agarwood]], the [[resin]]ous [[heartwood]] from [[Aquilaria]] trees, large [[evergreen]]s native to [[Southeast Asia]]. [[Pedanius Dioscorides]] mentioned it as an [[Aloe]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]], probably a confusion resulting from the similarity in name of the two products. |
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==Empress== |
==Empress== |
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She is briefly mentioned in the chronicle of [[Michael Panaretos]]. Following the death of Manuel "at his exhortation and choice, his son by the empress the lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos Komnenos, succeeded to the throne and reigned for three years. And he died in 6774 [AD 1266]."<ref>[http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/972250 "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", translated by Basileos Nestor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614112653/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/972250 |date=2011-06-14 }}</ref> She is the only one of Manuel's three wives Panaretos gives the title of "Empress". |
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| ⚫ | Anna is assumed to have been the first of three wives of Manuel, married to him c. 1235. Her only known son, [[Andronikos II of Trebizond]], preceded his half-siblings [[George, Emperor of Trebizond]], [[John II of Trebizond]] and [[Theodora of Trebizond]] on the throne. For this reason Andronikos is considered to have been their elder.<ref>Kelsey Jackson Williams, "A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond," ''Foundations'', '''2''' (2006), pp. 174f</ref> |
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She is briefly mentioned in the chronicle of [[Michael Panaretos]]. "Joannikios was tonsured and his second brother, the lord Manuel the Grand Komnenos, the greatest general and the most fortunate, succeeded to the throne. In the fifth year of his reign, in January of the fifteenth indiction, 6751 (1243) a great conflagration took place. After reigning well and virtuously in the eyes of God for twenty-five years, he died in March 6771 (1263). At his exhortation and choice, his son by the empress, the lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos Komnenos, succeeded to the throne and reigned for three years. And he died in 6774 (1266)." <ref>[http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/972250 "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", transcribed by Basileos Nestor]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Manuel had at least two daughters whose mother is not mentioned. They could be children by Anna or another of his wives. One of the daughters married [[Demetre II of Georgia]], the other married one of his Didebul.<ref>Michel Kuršanskis, [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_1975_num_33_1_2030 "L'usurpation de Théodora Grande Comnène"], ''Revue des études byzantines'', '''33''' (1975), pp. 200f</ref> Though mentioned in modern genealogies as a name, "Didebul" was actually a title which Christopher Buyers defines as "non-hereditary noblemen of high rank, senior to [[Aznauri|aznaur]], usually enjoyed by one in state service".{{cn|date=August 2020}} |
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Kuršanskis believes that the Trapezuntine embassy Manuel sent to King [[Louis IX of France]] in 1253, asking to marry a daughter of his house, provides a ''[[terminus post quem]]'' for the death of Anna Xylaloe. When King Louis declined the alliance, Kuršanskis argues Manuel then married [[Irene Syrikaina]].<ref>Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora", pp. 198f</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Manuel had at least two daughters whose mother is not mentioned. They could be children by Anna or another of his wives. One of the daughters married [[Demetre II of Georgia]], the other married one of his Didebul. |
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Anna presumably died in the 1240s. Manuel next appears married to [[Rusudan of Georgia, Empress of Trebizond|Rusudan of Georgia]]. <ref name="fmg.ac" /> Rusudan was a member of the [[Bagrationi dynasty]], but there are several theories concerning the identities of her parents. <ref>[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-MEDIEVAL/2004-03/1080611845 David Hughes, "possible Seljuk connection"]</ref> |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
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{{s-roy}} |
{{s-roy}} |
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{{s- |
{{s-bef|before=[[Komnene, daughter of Alexios I of Trebizond|Komnene]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Empire of Trebizond|Empress consort of Trebizond]]|years=c. |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Empire of Trebizond|Empress consort of Trebizond]]|years=c. 1238–1240s}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Rusudan of Georgia, Empress of Trebizond|Rusudan of Georgia]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Rusudan of Georgia, Empress of Trebizond|Rusudan of Georgia]]}} |
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{{end}} |
{{end}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Xylaloe, Anna}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xylaloe, Anna}} |
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[[Category:13th-century births]] |
[[Category:13th-century births]] |
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[[Category:1240s deaths]] |
[[Category:1240s deaths]] |
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[[Category:Empresses of Trebizond]] |
[[Category:Empresses consort of Trebizond]] |
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[[Category:13th-century Byzantine |
[[Category:13th-century Byzantine women]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Year of death unknown]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:49, 29 July 2023
Anna Xylaloe (Άννα) was the first Empress consort of Manuel I of Trebizond.
Name
[edit]"Xylaloe" is a Greek language term for agarwood, the resinous heartwood from Aquilaria trees, large evergreens native to Southeast Asia. Pedanius Dioscorides mentioned it as an Aloe from the Indian subcontinent, probably a confusion resulting from the similarity in name of the two products.[1]
Empress
[edit]She is briefly mentioned in the chronicle of Michael Panaretos. Following the death of Manuel "at his exhortation and choice, his son by the empress the lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos Komnenos, succeeded to the throne and reigned for three years. And he died in 6774 [AD 1266]."[2] She is the only one of Manuel's three wives Panaretos gives the title of "Empress".
Anna is assumed to have been the first of three wives of Manuel, married to him c. 1235. Her only known son, Andronikos II of Trebizond, preceded his half-siblings George, Emperor of Trebizond, John II of Trebizond and Theodora of Trebizond on the throne. For this reason Andronikos is considered to have been their elder.[3]
Manuel had at least two daughters whose mother is not mentioned. They could be children by Anna or another of his wives. One of the daughters married Demetre II of Georgia, the other married one of his Didebul.[4] Though mentioned in modern genealogies as a name, "Didebul" was actually a title which Christopher Buyers defines as "non-hereditary noblemen of high rank, senior to aznaur, usually enjoyed by one in state service".[citation needed]
Kuršanskis believes that the Trapezuntine embassy Manuel sent to King Louis IX of France in 1253, asking to marry a daughter of his house, provides a terminus post quem for the death of Anna Xylaloe. When King Louis declined the alliance, Kuršanskis argues Manuel then married Irene Syrikaina.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Andrew Dalby, "Food in the ancient world from A to Z: An A-Z" (2003), page 6
- ^ "The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos Part One", translated by Basileos Nestor Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kelsey Jackson Williams, "A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond," Foundations, 2 (2006), pp. 174f
- ^ Michel Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora Grande Comnène", Revue des études byzantines, 33 (1975), pp. 200f
- ^ Kuršanskis, "L'usurpation de Théodora", pp. 198f