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{{short description|American businessman}}
{{Recent death}}
{{Infobox person
⚫
'''Thomas M. "Tom" Coughlin''' (1949 – April 1, 2016) was vice chairman of [[Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.]], and confidante of founder [[Sam Walton]].
| name = Tom Coughlin
| post-nominals =
| birth_date = June 6, 1949
| death_date = April 1, 2016
| death_place = Bentonville, Arkansas
| education = Bachelors degree in political science
| alma_mater = California State University
| employer = [[Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.]]
| occupation = Businessman
| spouse = Cynthia Coughlin
| children = 3
}}


⚫
'''Thomas Martin Coughlin''' (June 6, 1949 – April 1, 2016) was an American businessman who served as vice chairman of [[Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.]] and confidant of founder [[Sam Walton]].
⚫
Coughlin was a native of [[Cleveland, Ohio]]. He attended [[St. Edward High School (Lakewood, Ohio)|St. Edward High School]] in [[Lakewood, Ohio]], a western suburb of Cleveland, and graduated in 1967. He attended [[California State University East Bay]] in [[Hayward, California]] and earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in political science.


Coughlin was a native of [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]. He attended [[California State University, East Bay|California State University]], and earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in political science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/04/tom_coughlin_clevelander_who_h.html|title=Tom Coughlin, Clevelander who helped build Walmart chain, dead at 66|work=cleveland.com|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
==Career with Wal-Mart==
⚫
Coughlin began his career with the retailer in 1978 in the company’s security division and eventually became vice president of loss prevention. He later became vice president of human resources. From January 1998 to January 1999, he was executive vice president and chief operating officer of the flagship Wal-Mart Stores Division.<ref name="WMTProxy2004 ">SEC Filing [http://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000119312504063238/ddef14a.htm Wal-Mart Proxy 2004], sec.gov, April 15, 2004.</ref> The next year, he headed the Wal-Mart Stores Division.


== Early life ==
⚫
In January 2001, Coughlin was elected to the board of directors for [[ChoicePoint]], a publicly traded data aggregation firm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1040596/000095014404002826/g87584ddef14a.htm|title=Choicepoint Inc|publisher=Sec.gov|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> That same year, he was elected to the Wal-Mart board of directors. In August 2002, he was also given the title of CEO for [[Sam's Club]] USA. The following April, he became executive vice president and vice chairman of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.{{cn}}
⚫
Coughlin grew up in Cleveland and was the son of a police detective. He attended [[St. Edward High School (Lakewood, Ohio)|St. Edward High School]] in [[Lakewood, Ohio]], a western suburb of Cleveland, and graduated in 1967. He graduated from [[California State University, East Bay|California State University]] in 1972 and earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in political science. While attending Cal State, he played football.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://losspreventionmedia.com/insider/the-view-from-the-top/|title=The View from the Top - LPM|website=losspreventionmedia.com|date=March 2002 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-01}}</ref>


Coughlin began his career with [[Macy's|R. H. Macy's West Coast division]] as a store detective.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=The bully of Bentonville : how the high cost of Wal-Mart's everyday low prices is hurting America|last=Anthony.|first=Bianco|date=2006|publisher=Currency/Doubleday|isbn=9780385517607|location=New York|oclc=824700103}}</ref> After several years in various [[Retail loss prevention|loss prevention]] positions with [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=3473798 Cook United in Cleveland], Coughlin interviewed at Wal-Mart.
⚫
On December 6, 2004, Wal-Mart announced that Coughlin would retire effective January 24, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/4867.aspx|title=Walmart Corporate - We save people money so they can live better|publisher=Walmartstores.com|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> When Coughlin's retirement was announced, Wal-Mart praised Coughlin for his longtime success at the corporation. Wal-Mart CEO [[Lee Scott (businessman)|Lee Scott]] said in a company-issued press release, "Tom Coughlin has achieved one of the most successful business careers that anyone could imagine..."<ref>[http://www.secinfo.com/d14D5a.16b8s.d.htm#Dates Details], secinfo.com; accessed April 2, 2016.</ref>


⚫
==Career with Walmart==
⚫
Wal-Mart Chairman and founder Sam Walton's son, [[S. Robson Walton|Rob Walton]], added that "..I particularly respect the special relationship that he has built with our associates in the field. This says a lot about how well Tom Coughlin represents the Wal-Mart culture." [http://www.secinfo.com/d14D5a.16b8s.d.htm Coughlin was quoted as saying it was "the right time for me to move on."]
⚫
Coughlin began his career with the retailer in 1978 in the company's security division and eventually became vice president of loss prevention. He later became vice president of human resources. From January 1998 to January 1999, he was executive vice president and chief operating officer of the flagship Wal-Mart Stores Division.<ref name="WMTProxy2004 ">SEC Filing [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000119312504063238/ddef14a.htm Wal-Mart Proxy 2004], sec.gov, April 15, 2004.</ref> The next year, he headed the Wal-Mart Stores Division.

⚫
In January 2001, Coughlin was elected to the board of directors for [[ChoicePoint]], a publicly traded data aggregation firm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1040596/000095014404002826/g87584ddef14a.htm|title=Choicepoint Inc|publisher=Sec.gov|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> That same year, he was elected to the Walmart board of directors. In August 2002, he was also given the title of CEO for [[Sam's Club]] USA. The following April, he became executive vice president and vice chairman of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

⚫
On December 6, 2004, Walmart announced that Coughlin would retire effective January 24, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/4867.aspx|title=Walmart Corporate - We save people money so they can live better|publisher=Walmartstores.com|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> When Coughlin's retirement was announced, Walmart praised Coughlin for his longtime success at the corporation. Walmart CEO [[Lee Scott (businessman)|Lee Scott]] said in a company-issued press release, "Tom Coughlin has achieved one of the most successful business careers that anyone could imagine".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d14D5a.16b8s.d.htm#Dates|title=SEC Info - Wal Mart Stores Inc - '8-K' for 12/6/04 - EX-99.1|website=www.secinfo.com|access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>

⚫
Walmart Chairman [[S. Robson Walton|Rob Walton]], added that "I particularly respect the special relationship that he has built with our associates in the field. This says a lot about how well Tom Coughlin represents the Walmart culture".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d14D5a.16b8s.d.htm|title=SEC Info - Wal Mart Stores Inc - '8-K' for 12/6/04 - EX-99.1|website=www.secinfo.com|access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>


==Legal troubles==
==Legal troubles==
In March 2005, Wal-Mart announced that Coughlin had resigned from the board of directors as a result of an internal investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/5113.aspx |title=Walmart Corporate - We save people money so they can live better |publisher=Walmartstores.com |date= |accessdate=2016-04-01}}</ref> The investigation alleged that the use of corporate-owned gift cards and personal reimbursements estimated to be in the range of $100,000 to $500,000.<ref>[http://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000116923205001822/d63123_8k.htm Details], sec.gov; accessed April 2, 2016.</ref>
In March 2005, Walmart announced that Coughlin had resigned from the board of directors as a result of an internal investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/5113.aspx |title=Walmart Corporate - We save people money so they can live better |publisher=Walmartstores.com |date= |accessdate=2016-04-01}}</ref> The investigation alleged that the use of corporate-owned gift cards and personal reimbursements estimated to be in the range of $100,000 to $500,000.<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000116923205001822/d63123_8k.htm Details], sec.gov; accessed April 2, 2016.</ref>


Beginning in July 2005, he was the subject of a [[United States Department of Justice]] investigation, as well as a lawsuit by Wal-Mart, and was reviewed by a federal [[grand jury]] over misuse of company [[gift card]]s. When the charges first surfaced in April 2005, Coughlin claimed the money he embezzled was being used to pay bribes to [[trade union]] officials not to organize at Wal-Mart locations and to identify pro-union Wal-Mart workers.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38810-2005Apr8.html Details], washingtonpost.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.</ref>
Beginning in July 2005, he was the subject of a [[United States Department of Justice]] investigation, as well as a lawsuit by Walmart, and was reviewed by a federal [[grand jury]] over misuse of company [[gift card]]s. When the charges first surfaced in April 2005, Coughlin claimed the money he embezzled was being used to pay bribes to [[trade union]] officials not to organize at Walmart locations and to identify pro-union Walmart workers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/08/AR2005040802016.html|title=Coughlin Says Cash Helped Wal-Mart|last=Barbaro|first=Michael|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=2005-04-09|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>


He pleaded guilty to five counts of wire [[fraud]] and one count of filing a false tax return related to embezzlement and theft from Wal-Mart while serving as a member of its board.{{cn}} U.S. Attorney Robert Balfe told reporters the investigation had found no evidence backing Coughlin's earlier claims that the money he took was reimbursement for anti-union activities.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/11/AR2006081100547.html Dteails], washingtonpost.com; accessed April 2, 2016.</ref>
He pleaded guilty to five counts of wire [[fraud]] and one count of filing a false tax return related to embezzlement and theft from Walmart while serving as a member of its board.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} U.S. Attorney Robert Balfe told reporters the investigation had found no evidence backing Coughlin's earlier claims that the money he took was reimbursement for anti-union activities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/11/AR2006081100547.html|title=Former Wal-Mart Exec Sentenced for Theft|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=2006-08-11|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>


Coughlin was sentenced on August 11, 2006 at [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]], to 33 months in home detention after pleading guilty to stealing money, merchandise and gift cards from the retailer. He avoided any prison detention, but was ordered to serve five years probation, and pay a $50,000 fine and about $411,000 in restitution to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and the [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/11/AR2006081100547.html 'Former Wal-Mart Exec Sentenced for Theft']." ''Washington Post.'' August 11, 2006. Retrieved on August 11, 2006</ref><ref>[http://money.cnn.com/2006/08/11/news/newsmakers/walmart.reut/index.htm?cnn=yes Former Wal-Mart exec sentenced]." ''[[CNN]].'' August 11, 2006. Retrieved on August 11, 2006.</ref> He also was sentenced to 27 months of home detention<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,207989,00.html Coughlin sentencing], foxnews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.</ref>
Coughlin was sentenced on August 11, 2006, at [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]], to 33 months in home detention after pleading guilty to stealing money, merchandise and gift cards from the retailer. He avoided any prison detention, but was ordered to serve five years probation, and pay a $50,000 fine and about $411,000 in restitution to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and the [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2006/08/11/news/newsmakers/walmart.reut/index.htm?cnn=yes Former Wal-Mart exec sentenced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813171932/http://money.cnn.com/2006/08/11/news/newsmakers/walmart.reut/index.htm?cnn=yes |date=2006-08-13 }}." ''[[CNN]].'' August 11, 2006. Retrieved on August 11, 2006.</ref> He also was sentenced to 27 months of home detention.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,207989,00.html Coughlin sentencing], foxnews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.</ref>


A physician stated in court that Coughlin was in poor health, suffering from [[diabetes]], cardiac disease, [[sleep apnea]], arterial blockage, and other ailments. Despite these medical claims, Coughlin was later seen at a [[National Wild Turkey Federation]] fund raiser in [[Benton County, Arkansas]]. Federal prosecutors were stunned to learn that Coughlin would attend such an event while under house arrest—especially since he claimed he was so ill.<ref>[http://nwanews.com/adg/National/219612/print Coughlin attends fundraiser for National Wild Turkey Federation], nwanews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.</ref>
A physician stated in court that Coughlin was in poor health, suffering from [[diabetes]], cardiac disease, [[sleep apnea]], arterial blockage, and other ailments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ex-wal-mart-exec-faces-tougher-sentence/|title=Ex-Wal-Mart Exec Faces Tougher Sentence|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en}}</ref>


===Other lawsuits===
===Other lawsuits===
Certain former Wal-Mart employees filed lawsuits against Coughlin for their purportedly inadvertent roles in his embezzlement of Wal-Mart funds. Former Administrative Manager Patsy Stephens deposited Wal-Mart money into her personal bank account and then wrote checks for her immediate supervisor (Robert Hey), for Coughlin, and for cash. She claimed she thought these practices were for the benefit of the company.<ref>[http://nwanews.com/bcdr/News/60284/ Details re Patsy Stephens], nwanews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.</ref> She was convicted on eight counts of wire fraud by a federal jury in November 2007.<ref name="NWAhomepage.com">Lisa Brence, [http://nwahomepage.com/content/fulltext/?cid=9255 Fmr. Wal-Mart Employee Convicted of Fraud], nwahomepage.com, November 30, 2007.</ref>
Certain former Walmart employees filed lawsuits against Coughlin for their purportedly inadvertent roles in his embezzlement of Walmart funds. Former Administrative Manager Patsy Stephens deposited Walmart money into her personal bank account and then wrote checks for her immediate supervisor (Robert Hey), for Coughlin, and for cash. She claimed she thought these practices were for the benefit of the company.<ref>[http://nwanews.com/bcdr/News/60284/ Details re Patsy Stephens], nwanews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.{{Dead link|date=March 2018}}</ref> She was convicted on eight counts of wire fraud by a federal jury in November 2007.<ref name="NWAhomepage.com">Lisa Brence, [http://nwahomepage.com/content/fulltext/?cid=9255 Fmr. Wal-Mart Employee Convicted of Fraud], nwahomepage.com, November 30, 2007.{{Dead link|date=March 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Coughlin was close friends and hunting companion to Walmart's founder, Sam Walton.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-wal-mart-executive-tom-coughlin-was-sam-walton-protege-1949-2016-1459718218|title=Former Wal-Mart Executive Tom Coughlin Was Sam Walton Protégé: 1949-2016|last=Nassauer|first=Sarah|date=2016-04-03|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

Coughlin died on April 1, 2016.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-coughlin/former-wal-mart-executive-coughlin-dies-at-66-idUSKCN0WZ02W|title=Former Wal-Mart executive Coughlin dies at 66|last=Layne|first=Nathan|date=April 1, 2016|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Directors of Walmart]]
[[Category:Directors of Walmart]]
[[Category:California State University, East Bay alumni]]
[[Category:California State University, East Bay alumni]]
[[Category:People from Cleveland, Ohio]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Cleveland]]
[[Category:St. Edward High School (Lakewood, Ohio) alumni]]
[[Category:St. Edward High School (Lakewood, Ohio) alumni]]
[[Category:American business executives]]
[[Category:American business executives]]
[[Category:American businesspeople convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:American businesspeople convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]

Latest revision as of 12:45, 11 June 2023

Tom Coughlin
BornJune 6, 1949
DiedApril 1, 2016
Bentonville, Arkansas
EducationBachelors degree in political science
Alma materCalifornia State University
OccupationBusinessman
EmployerWal-Mart Stores, Inc.
SpouseCynthia Coughlin
Children3

Thomas Martin Coughlin (June 6, 1949 – April 1, 2016) was an American businessman who served as vice chairman of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and confidant of founder Sam Walton.

Coughlin was a native of Cleveland, Ohio. He attended California State University, and earned a bachelor's degree in political science.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Coughlin grew up in Cleveland and was the son of a police detective. He attended St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio, a western suburb of Cleveland, and graduated in 1967. He graduated from California State University in 1972 and earned a bachelor's degree in political science. While attending Cal State, he played football.[2]

Coughlin began his career with R. H. Macy's West Coast division as a store detective.[1][3] After several years in various loss prevention positions with Cook United in Cleveland, Coughlin interviewed at Wal-Mart.

Career with Walmart

[edit]

Coughlin began his career with the retailer in 1978 in the company's security division and eventually became vice president of loss prevention. He later became vice president of human resources. From January 1998 to January 1999, he was executive vice president and chief operating officer of the flagship Wal-Mart Stores Division.[4] The next year, he headed the Wal-Mart Stores Division.

In January 2001, Coughlin was elected to the board of directors for ChoicePoint, a publicly traded data aggregation firm.[5] That same year, he was elected to the Walmart board of directors. In August 2002, he was also given the title of CEO for Sam's Club USA. The following April, he became executive vice president and vice chairman of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.[citation needed]

On December 6, 2004, Walmart announced that Coughlin would retire effective January 24, 2005.[6] When Coughlin's retirement was announced, Walmart praised Coughlin for his longtime success at the corporation. Walmart CEO Lee Scott said in a company-issued press release, "Tom Coughlin has achieved one of the most successful business careers that anyone could imagine".[7]

Walmart Chairman Rob Walton, added that "I particularly respect the special relationship that he has built with our associates in the field. This says a lot about how well Tom Coughlin represents the Walmart culture".[8]

[edit]

In March 2005, Walmart announced that Coughlin had resigned from the board of directors as a result of an internal investigation.[9] The investigation alleged that the use of corporate-owned gift cards and personal reimbursements estimated to be in the range of $100,000 to $500,000.[10]

Beginning in July 2005, he was the subject of a United States Department of Justice investigation, as well as a lawsuit by Walmart, and was reviewed by a federal grand jury over misuse of company gift cards. When the charges first surfaced in April 2005, Coughlin claimed the money he embezzled was being used to pay bribes to trade union officials not to organize at Walmart locations and to identify pro-union Walmart workers.[11]

He pleaded guilty to five counts of wire fraud and one count of filing a false tax return related to embezzlement and theft from Walmart while serving as a member of its board.[citation needed] U.S. Attorney Robert Balfe told reporters the investigation had found no evidence backing Coughlin's earlier claims that the money he took was reimbursement for anti-union activities.[12]

Coughlin was sentenced on August 11, 2006, at Fort Smith, Arkansas, to 33 months in home detention after pleading guilty to stealing money, merchandise and gift cards from the retailer. He avoided any prison detention, but was ordered to serve five years probation, and pay a $50,000 fine and about $411,000 in restitution to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and the Internal Revenue Service.[12][13] He also was sentenced to 27 months of home detention.[14]

A physician stated in court that Coughlin was in poor health, suffering from diabetes, cardiac disease, sleep apnea, arterial blockage, and other ailments.[15]

Other lawsuits

[edit]

Certain former Walmart employees filed lawsuits against Coughlin for their purportedly inadvertent roles in his embezzlement of Walmart funds. Former Administrative Manager Patsy Stephens deposited Walmart money into her personal bank account and then wrote checks for her immediate supervisor (Robert Hey), for Coughlin, and for cash. She claimed she thought these practices were for the benefit of the company.[16] She was convicted on eight counts of wire fraud by a federal jury in November 2007.[17]

Personal life

[edit]

Coughlin was close friends and hunting companion to Walmart's founder, Sam Walton.[18]

Coughlin died on April 1, 2016.[1][19]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Tom Coughlin, Clevelander who helped build Walmart chain, dead at 66". cleveland.com. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  2. ^ "The View from the Top - LPM". losspreventionmedia.com. March 2002. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  3. ^ Anthony., Bianco (2006). The bully of Bentonville : how the high cost of Wal-Mart's everyday low prices is hurting America. New York: Currency/Doubleday. ISBN 9780385517607. OCLC 824700103.
  4. ^ SEC Filing Wal-Mart Proxy 2004, sec.gov, April 15, 2004.
  5. ^ "Choicepoint Inc". Sec.gov. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  6. ^ "Walmart Corporate - We save people money so they can live better". Walmartstores.com. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  7. ^ "SEC Info - Wal Mart Stores Inc - '8-K' for 12/6/04 - EX-99.1". www.secinfo.com. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  8. ^ "SEC Info - Wal Mart Stores Inc - '8-K' for 12/6/04 - EX-99.1". www.secinfo.com. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  9. ^ "Walmart Corporate - We save people money so they can live better". Walmartstores.com. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
  10. ^ Details, sec.gov; accessed April 2, 2016.
  11. ^ Barbaro, Michael (2005-04-09). "Coughlin Says Cash Helped Wal-Mart". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  12. ^ a b "Former Wal-Mart Exec Sentenced for Theft". The Washington Post. 2006-08-11. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  13. ^ Former Wal-Mart exec sentenced Archived 2006-08-13 at the Wayback Machine." CNN. August 11, 2006. Retrieved on August 11, 2006.
  14. ^ Coughlin sentencing, foxnews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.
  15. ^ "Ex-Wal-Mart Exec Faces Tougher Sentence". Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  16. ^ Details re Patsy Stephens, nwanews.com; retrieved April 4, 2008.[dead link‍]
  17. ^ Lisa Brence, Fmr. Wal-Mart Employee Convicted of Fraud, nwahomepage.com, November 30, 2007.[dead link‍]
  18. ^ Nassauer, Sarah (2016-04-03). "Former Wal-Mart Executive Tom Coughlin Was Sam Walton Protégé: 1949-2016". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  19. ^ Layne, Nathan (April 1, 2016). "Former Wal-Mart executive Coughlin dies at 66". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
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