Alethic modality: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Modality in linguistics}} |
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'''Alethic modality''' is a [[linguistic modality]] |
'''Alethic modality''' (from Greek [[Aletheia|ἀλήθεια]] = truth) is a [[linguistic modality]] that indicates modalities of truth, in particular the modalities of logical necessity, contingency, possibility and impossibility.<ref name="SIL">{{cite web|url=http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAlethicModality.htm|title=What is alethic modality?|publisher=SIL International|work=Glossary of linguistic terms|last=Loos|first=Eugene E.|author2=Susan Anderson|author3= Dwight H. Day Jr.|author4= Paul C. Jordan|author5= J. Douglas Wingate|accessdate=2010-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Menzel|first=Christopher|title=[[The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-139-05750-9|editor-last=Audi|editor-first=Robert|edition=Third|location=New York City|pages=22|chapter=Alethic modalities|oclc=927145544}}</ref> |
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Alethic modality is often associated with epistemic modality in research |
Alethic modality is often associated with [[epistemic modality]] in research, and it has been questioned whether this modality should be considered distinct from epistemic modality which denotes the speaker's evaluation or judgment of the truth. The criticism states that there is no real difference between "the truth in the world" (alethic) and "the truth in an individual's mind" (epistemic).<ref>{{cite book|last=Eschenroeder|first=Erin|author2=Sarah Mills|author3= Thao Nguyen|title=The Expression of Modality|editor=William Frawley|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|date=2006-09-30|series=The Expression of Cognitive Categories|pages=8–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72URszHq2SEC&pg=PT18|isbn=3-11-018436-2|accessdate=2010-01-03}}</ref> An investigation has not found a single language in which alethic and epistemic modalities would be formally distinguished, for example by the means of a [[grammatical mood]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nuyts|first=Jan|title=Epistemic Modality, Language, and Conceptualization: A Cognitive-pragmatic Perspective|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Co|date=November 2000|series=Human Cognitive Processing|page=28|isbn=90-272-2357-2}}</ref> In such a language, "A circle can't be square", "can't be" would be expressed by an alethic mood, whereas for "He can't be that wealthy", "can't be" would be expressed by an epistemic mood. As we can see, this is not a distinction drawn in English grammar. |
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"You can't give these plants too much water." is a well-known play on the distinction between |
"You can't give these plants too much water." is a well-known play on the distinction between perhaps alethic and hortatory or injunctive modalities (it can mean either "it is impossible to give these plants too much water = giving them too much water is harmless" or "you must not give these plants too much water = giving them too much water is harmful"). The dilemma is fairly easily resolved when listening through paralinguistic cues and particularly suprasegmental cues (intonation). So while there may not be a morphologically based alethic mood, this does not seem to preclude the usefulness of distinguishing between these two types of modes. Alethic modality might then concern what are considered to be [[Apodicticity|apodictic]] statements. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Grammatical moods}} |
{{Grammatical moods}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alethic Mood}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alethic Mood}} |
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[[Category:Grammatical moods]] |
[[Category:Grammatical moods]] |
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[[Category:Modal logic]] |
[[Category:Modal logic]] |
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[[Category:Linguistic modality]] |
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[[Category:Semantics]] |
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[[Category:Truth|Modality]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:32, 1 June 2023
Alethic modality (from Greek ἀλήθεια = truth) is a linguistic modality that indicates modalities of truth, in particular the modalities of logical necessity, contingency, possibility and impossibility.[1][2]
Alethic modality is often associated with epistemic modality in research, and it has been questioned whether this modality should be considered distinct from epistemic modality which denotes the speaker's evaluation or judgment of the truth. The criticism states that there is no real difference between "the truth in the world" (alethic) and "the truth in an individual's mind" (epistemic).[3] An investigation has not found a single language in which alethic and epistemic modalities would be formally distinguished, for example by the means of a grammatical mood.[4] In such a language, "A circle can't be square", "can't be" would be expressed by an alethic mood, whereas for "He can't be that wealthy", "can't be" would be expressed by an epistemic mood. As we can see, this is not a distinction drawn in English grammar.
"You can't give these plants too much water." is a well-known play on the distinction between perhaps alethic and hortatory or injunctive modalities (it can mean either "it is impossible to give these plants too much water = giving them too much water is harmless" or "you must not give these plants too much water = giving them too much water is harmful"). The dilemma is fairly easily resolved when listening through paralinguistic cues and particularly suprasegmental cues (intonation). So while there may not be a morphologically based alethic mood, this does not seem to preclude the usefulness of distinguishing between these two types of modes. Alethic modality might then concern what are considered to be apodictic statements.
References
[edit]- ^ Loos, Eugene E.; Susan Anderson; Dwight H. Day Jr.; Paul C. Jordan; J. Douglas Wingate. "What is alethic modality?". Glossary of linguistic terms. SIL International. Retrieved 2010-01-03.
- ^ Menzel, Christopher (2015). "Alethic modalities". In Audi, Robert (ed.). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Third ed.). New York City: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-139-05750-9. OCLC 927145544.
- ^ Eschenroeder, Erin; Sarah Mills; Thao Nguyen (2006-09-30). William Frawley (ed.). The Expression of Modality. The Expression of Cognitive Categories. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 8–9. ISBN 3-11-018436-2. Retrieved 2010-01-03.
- ^ Nuyts, Jan (November 2000). Epistemic Modality, Language, and Conceptualization: A Cognitive-pragmatic Perspective. Human Cognitive Processing. John Benjamins Publishing Co. p. 28. ISBN 90-272-2357-2.
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