Malmö MFI-9 Junior: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Light single engine aircraft developed in Sweden in the 1960s}} |
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{|{{Infobox |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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|name =MFI-9 Junior |
|name =MFI-9 Junior |
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|image =Malmo MFI-9 Junior (SE-CPG) 03.jpg |
|image = File:Malmo MFI-9 Junior (SE-CPG) 03.jpg |
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|caption =A Malmö MFI-9, (SE-CPG), at Uetersen Airport, Germany |
|caption =A Malmö MFI-9, (SE-CPG), at Uetersen Airport, Germany |
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}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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|type =Primary trainer |
|type = [[Training aircraft#Basic training|Primary trainer]] |
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| |
|manufacturer = [[Malmö Flygindustri]] |
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|builder= [[Bölkow]] (under licence) |
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|designer =Björn Andreasson |
|designer = {{ill|Björn Andreasson|sv}} |
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|first flight = 10 October |
|first flight = 10 October 1958 |
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|introduced = 9 August 1962 |
|introduced = 9 August 1962 |
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|status = |
|status = |
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|produced = |
|produced = |
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|number built = |
|number built = |
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|unit cost = |
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|developed from= |
|developed from= |
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|variants with their own articles= [[Saab Safari]] |
|variants with their own articles= [[Saab Safari]] |
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The '''Malmö Flygindustri MFI-9 Junior''' was a light aircraft produced in [[Sweden]] in the 1960s. The aircraft was also produced under |
The '''Malmö Flygindustri MFI-9 Junior''' was a light aircraft produced in [[Sweden]] in the 1960s. The aircraft was also produced under licence in [[West Germany]] as the '''Bölkow Bo 208'''. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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The '''BA-7''' was designed by {{ |
The '''BA-7''' was designed by {{ill|Björn Andreasson|sv}} and flown by him in [[prototype]] form on 10 October 1958. He built this first plane in his spare time while working for [[Convair]] in the [[United States]]. It was powered by an air-cooled [[Continental O-190|Continental A-75]] engine giving 56 kW (75 hp) driving a two-bladed variable-pitch [[propeller (aircraft)|propeller]]. The [[shoulder wing]]s were forward swept to place occupants ahead of the spar for visibility.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Sport Aviation|title=The BA-7|date=July 1959}}</ref> |
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In 1960 Andreasson returned to Sweden and started working at [[Malmö Flygindustri]] where he designed an improved version of the BA-7 that went into production as the MFI-9 Junior. Changes included a larger [[cockpit]] and the [[Piston engine|powerplant]] was now a [[Continental O-200]]-A flat-four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine giving 75 kW (100 HP). In 1963 it was followed by the MFI-9B Trainer and then the MFI-9B Mili-Trainer. |
In 1960 Andreasson returned to Sweden and started working at [[Malmö Flygindustri]] where he designed an improved version of the BA-7 that went into production as the MFI-9 Junior. Changes included a larger [[cockpit]] and the [[Piston engine|powerplant]] was now a [[Continental O-200]]-A flat-four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine giving 75 kW (100 HP). In 1963 it was followed by the MFI-9B Trainer and then the MFI-9B Mili-Trainer. |
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===MiniCOINs=== |
===MiniCOINs=== |
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<!-- This section name is the target of redirects - if you change the section name, please fix the |
<!-- This section name is the target of redirects - if you change the section name, please fix the redirects. --> |
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One variant of the MFI-9 which gained widespread fame was the '''MiniCOIN''' (an [[acronym]] for " |
One variant of the MFI-9 which gained widespread fame was the '''MiniCOIN''' (an [[acronym]] for "Miniature Counter-Insurgency"), a modification of the MFI-9B military trainer variant of the MFI-9, adapted to carry weapons. |
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The name and concept originated with [[Carl Gustaf von Rosen]], who realized that in a [[low intensity conflict]] even a few small, minimally armed aircraft are capable of having a significant impact. Light aircraft are in any event more suitable for operation in the primitive conditions typical in such conflicts. Von Rosen was familiar with the military trainer version of the MFI-9, which was robust enough to be able to carry significant loads of [[Ordnance ammunition|ordnance]] suspended from [[Hardpoint|hard points]] on the wings. |
The name and concept originated with [[Carl Gustaf von Rosen]], who realized that in a [[low intensity conflict]] even a few small, minimally armed aircraft are capable of having a significant impact. Light aircraft are in any event more suitable for operation in the primitive conditions typical in such conflicts. Von Rosen was familiar with the military trainer version of the MFI-9, which was robust enough to be able to carry significant loads of [[Ordnance ammunition|ordnance]] suspended from [[Hardpoint|hard points]] on the wings. |
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A number of MFI-9Bs had been constructed in hopes of a sale to the [[Swedish Air Force]], but when the sale fell through, the aircraft became available at a low price. So in May 1969, von Rosen formed a squadron of five MiniCOINs to fight in the [[Nigerian Civil War]] (1967–1970) on the side of the [[Biafra]]ns in support of their effort to create an independent state. |
A number of MFI-9Bs had been constructed in hopes of a sale to the [[Swedish Air Force]], but when the sale fell through, the aircraft became available at a low price. So in May 1969, von Rosen formed a squadron of five MiniCOINs to fight in the [[Nigerian Civil War]] (1967–1970) on the side of the [[Biafra]]ns in support of their effort to create an independent state.{{sfn|Jowett|2016|p=18}} |
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Von Rosen had the planes painted in camouflage colours and fitted with rockets from [[Matra]], and proceeded with a band of friends to form a squadron called ''Biafra Babies'' to strike at the airfields from which the federal Nigerian Air Force launched their attacks against the civilian population in Biafra. On 22 May 1969, and over the next few days, Von Rosen and his five aircraft launched attacks against Nigerian airfields at Port Harcourt, Enugu, Benin and other small airports. The Nigerians were taken by surprise and a number of expensive jets, including a few [[MiG-17]] fighters and three of Nigeria's six [[Ilyushin Il-28]] bombers, were destroyed on the ground.<ref name=GB-2004>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/main-square/4897-biafra-killer-cessnas-crazy-swedes.html |title=[Biafra] Biafra: Killer Cessnas and Crazy Swedes |publisher=Nigeriavillagesquare.com |date |
Von Rosen had the planes painted in camouflage colours and fitted with rockets from [[Matra]], and proceeded with a band of friends to form a squadron called ''Biafra Babies'' to strike at the airfields from which the federal Nigerian Air Force launched their attacks against the civilian population in Biafra. On 22 May 1969, and over the next few days, Von Rosen and his five aircraft launched attacks against Nigerian airfields at Port Harcourt, Enugu, Benin and other small airports. The Nigerians were taken by surprise and a number of expensive jets, including a few [[MiG-17]] fighters and three of Nigeria's six [[Ilyushin Il-28]] bombers, were destroyed on the ground.<ref name=GB-2004>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/main-square/4897-biafra-killer-cessnas-crazy-swedes.html |title=[Biafra] Biafra: Killer Cessnas and Crazy Swedes |publisher=Nigeriavillagesquare.com |access-date=2014-07-12}}</ref> |
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The pilots included [[Lynn Garrison]] among a group of other [[mercenary|mercenaries]] |
The pilots included [[Lynn Garrison]] among a group of other [[mercenary|mercenaries]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930065722/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,900387-1,00.html The Mercenaries] in [[Time Magazine]] 25 October 1968</ref> and Biafran-born pilots.{{sfn|Jowett|2016|p=18}} Lynn Garrison co-ordinated the attacks, personally destroying an [[Ilyushin Il-28]] and a [[MiG-17]] during the first raid on Port Harcourt. |
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The MiniCOINs saw extensive service during most of the war, including the delivery of food aid drops. Garrison introduced a supply-dropping procedure learned in northern Canada. A bag of grain was enclosed in a larger bag before dropping; when the load hit the ground, the inner bag would rupture, while the outer bag contained the contents. Many lives were saved through air drops using this simple concept. |
The MiniCOINs saw extensive service during most of the war, including the delivery of food aid drops. Garrison introduced a supply-dropping procedure learned in northern Canada. A bag of grain was enclosed in a larger bag before dropping; when the load hit the ground, the inner bag would rupture, while the outer bag contained the contents. Many lives were saved through air drops using this simple concept. |
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A total of 18 were supplied.{{sfn|Jowett|2016|p=19}} |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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** '''Bölkow Bo 208''' – MFI-9 produced under licence by [[Bölkow]] in [[Germany]]. 200 built. |
** '''Bölkow Bo 208''' – MFI-9 produced under licence by [[Bölkow]] in [[Germany]]. 200 built. |
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* '''MFI-9B Trainer''' – Two-seat sports, primary trainer aircraft. 43 built. |
* '''MFI-9B Trainer''' – Two-seat sports, primary trainer aircraft. 43 built. |
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** '''Biafra Baby''' – Five MFI-9Bs armed with six [[France|French]] SNEB 68 mm (2.68") unguided folding-fin rockets with armor-piercing warheads under each wing. |
** '''Biafra Baby''' – Five MFI-9Bs armed with six [[France|French]] [[SNEB|SNEB 68 mm (2.68")]] unguided folding-fin rockets with armor-piercing warheads under each wing. |
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* '''MFI-9B Mili-Trainer''' – Two-seat primary trainer, light-attack aircraft. Two prototypes built. Ten aircraft leased by the [[Swedish Air Force]] 1966–68 for evaluation as a primary trainer only. |
* '''MFI-9B Mili-Trainer''' – Two-seat primary trainer, light-attack aircraft. Two prototypes built. Ten aircraft leased by the [[Swedish Air Force]] 1966–68 for evaluation as a primary trainer only. |
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==Military operators== |
==Military operators== |
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; {{Flag|Biafra}} |
; {{Flag|Biafra}} |
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* Used by the [[Biafran Air Force]] during the [[Biafran War]]. |
* Used by the [[Biafran armed forces|Biafran Air Force]] during the [[Biafran War]]. |
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; {{SWE}} |
; {{SWE}} |
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* Ten MFI-9B Mili-Trainers evaluated by the [[Swedish Air Force]]. |
* Ten MFI-9B Mili-Trainers evaluated by the [[Swedish Air Force]]. |
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==Specifications (MFI-9B)== |
==Specifications (MFI-9B)== |
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[[File:Malmö MFI-9 Biafra Baby two-view silhouette.svg|thumb|250px|right]] |
[[File:Malmö MFI-9 Biafra Baby two-view silhouette.svg|thumb|250px|right]] |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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{{aerospecs |
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|met or eng?=met<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others --> |
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|prime units?=met |
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|crew=one pilot |
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General characteristics |
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|crew=Two |
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|span m=7.43 |
|span m=7.43 |
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|span ft= |
|span ft= |
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|span in= |
|span in= |
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|dia in=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|height m=2.00 |
|height m=2.00 |
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|height ft= |
|height ft= |
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|height in= |
|height in= |
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|wing area sqm=8.70 |
|wing area sqm=8.70 |
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|wing area sqft= |
|wing area sqft= |
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|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|airfoil=NACA 23008.5 (mod.) |
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|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|empty weight kg=340 |
|empty weight kg=340 |
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|empty weight lb= |
|empty weight lb= |
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|max takeoff weight kg=575 |
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|fuel capacity={{convert|80|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}} |
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|gross weight lb=1,270 |
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<!-- |
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Powerplant |
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--> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 |
|eng1 name=[[Continental O-200|Rolls-Royce/Continental O-200-A]] |
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|eng1 type=air-cooled [[flat-four]] engine |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->75 |
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|eng1 |
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 |
|eng1 hp=100<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop name= |
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|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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Performance |
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|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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--> |
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|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|perfhide= |
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|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|max speed kmh=236 |
|max speed kmh=236 |
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|max speed mph= |
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|max speed |
|max speed kts= |
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|max speed note=at sea level |
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|cruise speed |
|cruise speed kmh=215 |
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|cruise speed note=(econ. cruise) |
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|stall speed kmh=80 |
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|never exceed speed kmh=305 |
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|range km=800 |
|range km=800 |
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|range miles= |
|range miles= |
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|range note=(with maximum payload) |
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|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling |
|ceiling ft= |
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|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|climb rate ftmin=850 |
|climb rate ftmin=850 |
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|more performance= |
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|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|avionics= |
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|armament1= |
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|armament2= |
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|related= <!-- related developments --> |
|related= <!-- related developments --> |
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|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
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[[ARV Super2]] |
* [[ARV Super2]] |
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|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
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|see also=<!-- other relevant information --> |
|see also=<!-- other relevant information --> |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Notes=== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|last=Jowett|first=Philip|title=Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967-70|year=2016|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1472816092}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Simpson |first= R. W. |title=Airlife's General Aviation |year=1995 |publisher=Airlife Publishing |location=Shrewsbury |page=85 }} |
* {{cite book |last= Simpson |first= R. W. |title=Airlife's General Aviation |year=1995 |publisher=Airlife Publishing |location=Shrewsbury |page=85 }} |
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⚫ | |||
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* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |page=192 }} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.vectorsite.net/avsa105.html#m5 SAAB Trainers: Safir, SAAB 105, & Supporter] |
* [http://www.vectorsite.net/avsa105.html#m5 SAAB Trainers: Safir, SAAB 105, & Supporter] |
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{{Andreasson aircraft}} |
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{{MBB aircraft}} |
{{MBB aircraft}} |
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[[Category:Malmö aircraft|MFI-09]] |
[[Category:Malmö aircraft|MFI-09]] |
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[[Category:Bölkow aircraft|Bo 208]] |
[[Category:Bölkow aircraft|Bo 208]] |
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[[Category:Swedish civil utility aircraft |
[[Category:1950s Swedish civil utility aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]] |
[[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Forward-swept-wing aircraft]] |
[[Category:Forward-swept-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1958]] |
Latest revision as of 21:44, 21 May 2023
MFI-9 Junior | |
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![]() | |
A Malmö MFI-9, (SE-CPG), at Uetersen Airport, Germany | |
Role | Primary trainer |
Manufacturer | Malmö Flygindustri |
Designer | Björn Andreasson |
Built by | Bölkow (under licence) |
First flight | 10 October 1958 |
Introduction | 9 August 1962 |
Variants | Saab Safari |
The Malmö Flygindustri MFI-9 Junior was a light aircraft produced in Sweden in the 1960s. The aircraft was also produced under licence in West Germany as the Bölkow Bo 208.
Development
[edit]The BA-7 was designed by Björn Andreasson and flown by him in prototype form on 10 October 1958. He built this first plane in his spare time while working for Convair in the United States. It was powered by an air-cooled Continental A-75 engine giving 56 kW (75 hp) driving a two-bladed variable-pitch propeller. The shoulder wings were forward swept to place occupants ahead of the spar for visibility.[1]
In 1960 Andreasson returned to Sweden and started working at Malmö Flygindustri where he designed an improved version of the BA-7 that went into production as the MFI-9 Junior. Changes included a larger cockpit and the powerplant was now a Continental O-200-A flat-four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine giving 75 kW (100 HP). In 1963 it was followed by the MFI-9B Trainer and then the MFI-9B Mili-Trainer.
The MFI-9 uses a tricycle undercarriage.
Between 1963 and 1971, 210 Bölkow Bo 208s were built under licence by Bölkow Apparatebau GmbH in Laupheim, Germany. Many examples survive in private hands and are most commonly found in Germany, the United Kingdom and Scandinavia. A limited number of airworthy examples can be found in both the United States and New Zealand.
The most widely produced variant of the Bo 208 is the Bo 208C, which used a Continental O-200-A flat-four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine giving 75 kW (100 HP). A number of O-200 engines installed on Juniors were licence-built by Rolls-Royce in England.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/B%C3%B6lkow_Bo_208_AUG_08_02.jpg/220px-B%C3%B6lkow_Bo_208_AUG_08_02.jpg)
MiniCOINs
[edit]One variant of the MFI-9 which gained widespread fame was the MiniCOIN (an acronym for "Miniature Counter-Insurgency"), a modification of the MFI-9B military trainer variant of the MFI-9, adapted to carry weapons.
The name and concept originated with Carl Gustaf von Rosen, who realized that in a low intensity conflict even a few small, minimally armed aircraft are capable of having a significant impact. Light aircraft are in any event more suitable for operation in the primitive conditions typical in such conflicts. Von Rosen was familiar with the military trainer version of the MFI-9, which was robust enough to be able to carry significant loads of ordnance suspended from hard points on the wings.
A number of MFI-9Bs had been constructed in hopes of a sale to the Swedish Air Force, but when the sale fell through, the aircraft became available at a low price. So in May 1969, von Rosen formed a squadron of five MiniCOINs to fight in the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) on the side of the Biafrans in support of their effort to create an independent state.[2]
Von Rosen had the planes painted in camouflage colours and fitted with rockets from Matra, and proceeded with a band of friends to form a squadron called Biafra Babies to strike at the airfields from which the federal Nigerian Air Force launched their attacks against the civilian population in Biafra. On 22 May 1969, and over the next few days, Von Rosen and his five aircraft launched attacks against Nigerian airfields at Port Harcourt, Enugu, Benin and other small airports. The Nigerians were taken by surprise and a number of expensive jets, including a few MiG-17 fighters and three of Nigeria's six Ilyushin Il-28 bombers, were destroyed on the ground.[3]
The pilots included Lynn Garrison among a group of other mercenaries[4] and Biafran-born pilots.[2] Lynn Garrison co-ordinated the attacks, personally destroying an Ilyushin Il-28 and a MiG-17 during the first raid on Port Harcourt.
The MiniCOINs saw extensive service during most of the war, including the delivery of food aid drops. Garrison introduced a supply-dropping procedure learned in northern Canada. A bag of grain was enclosed in a larger bag before dropping; when the load hit the ground, the inner bag would rupture, while the outer bag contained the contents. Many lives were saved through air drops using this simple concept.
A total of 18 were supplied.[5]
Variants
[edit]- MFI-9 – Two-seat primary trainer aircraft. 25 built.
- MFI-9B Trainer – Two-seat sports, primary trainer aircraft. 43 built.
- Biafra Baby – Five MFI-9Bs armed with six French SNEB 68 mm (2.68") unguided folding-fin rockets with armor-piercing warheads under each wing.
- MFI-9B Mili-Trainer – Two-seat primary trainer, light-attack aircraft. Two prototypes built. Ten aircraft leased by the Swedish Air Force 1966–68 for evaluation as a primary trainer only.
Military operators
[edit]- Used by the Biafran Air Force during the Biafran War.
- Ten MFI-9B Mili-Trainers evaluated by the Swedish Air Force.
Specifications (MFI-9B)
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Malm%C3%B6_MFI-9_Biafra_Baby_two-view_silhouette.svg/250px-Malm%C3%B6_MFI-9_Biafra_Baby_two-view_silhouette.svg.png)
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66[6]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Length: 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in)
- Wingspan: 7.43 m (24 ft 5 in)
- Height: 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in)
- Wing area: 8.70 m2 (93.6 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 6:1
- Airfoil: NACA 23008.5 (mod.)
- Empty weight: 340 kg (750 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 575 kg (1,268 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 80 L (21 US gal; 18 imp gal)
- Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce/Continental O-200-A air-cooled flat-four engine, 75 kW (100 hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 236 km/h (147 mph, 127 kn) at sea level
- Cruise speed: 215 km/h (134 mph, 116 kn) (econ. cruise)
- Stall speed: 80 km/h (50 mph, 43 kn)
- Never exceed speed: 305 km/h (190 mph, 165 kn)
- Range: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi) (with maximum payload)
- Service ceiling: 4,500 m (14,800 ft)
- Rate of climb: 4.3 m/s (850 ft/min)
See also
[edit]Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "The BA-7". Sport Aviation. July 1959.
- ^ a b Jowett 2016, p. 18.
- ^ "[Biafra] Biafra: Killer Cessnas and Crazy Swedes". Nigeriavillagesquare.com. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
- ^ The Mercenaries in Time Magazine 25 October 1968
- ^ Jowett 2016, p. 19.
- ^ Taylor 1965, p. 121
Bibliography
[edit]- Jowett, Philip (2016). Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967-70. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Press. ISBN 978-1472816092.
- Simpson, R. W. (1995). Airlife's General Aviation. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. p. 85.
- Taylor, John W. R. (1965). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Samson Low, Marston.
- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 192.
- 'Fleas versus Falcons over Biafra' (retrieved February 23, 2008)
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)