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{{short description|Species of plant}}
--[[Special:Contributions/109.70.69.55|109.70.69.55]] ([[User talk:109.70.69.55|talk]]) 18:53, 23 November 2012 (UTC)[[DMD]]{{italic title}}
{{For|the journal|Australian Systematic Botany}}
{{For|the journal|Australian Systematic Botany}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
⚫
|image = Brunonia habitiii.jpg
|name = Blue pincushion
|image_caption =
⚫
|image = Brunonia australis-Bauer.jpg
⚫
|genus = Brunonia
|image_caption = Illustration by Ferdinand Bauer
⚫
|parent_authority = [[James Edward Smith (botanist)|Sm.]] ex [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]]
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|species = australis
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|authority = Sm. ex R.Br.
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
}}
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
[[File:Brunonia flowers.jpg|thumb|Flowers]]
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
⚫
|familia = [[Goodeniaceae]]
⚫
|genus = '''''Brunonia'''''
⚫
|species = ''B. australis''
⚫
|binomial = ''Brunonia australis''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[James Edward Smith|Sm.]] ex [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R. Br.]]
⚫
|}}


'''''Brunonia australis''''', commonly known as the '''Blue Pincushion''' or '''Native Cornflower''', is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant|herb]] that grows widely across [[Australia]]. It is found in woodlands, open forest and sand plains. In the [[Cronquist system]]'s classification scheme it was the sole member of the monogeneric plant family [[Brunoniaceae]] before the [[APG II]] system moved it into [[Goodeniaceae]].
'''''Brunonia australis''''', commonly known as the '''blue pincushion''' or '''native cornflower''', is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] or [[annual plant|annual]] [[herbaceous plant|herb]] that grows widely across [[Australia]]. It is found in woodlands, open forest and sand plains. In [[Arthur Cronquist|Cronquist]]'s classification scheme it was the sole member of the monogeneric plant family Brunoniaceae. The [[APG II]] system moved it into [[Goodeniaceae]], with which it shares the stylar pollen-cup, or indusium, a character confined to these taxa. ''Brunonia'' is unique among Goodeniaceae in its radially symmetric flowers, the superior ovary and the absence of endosperm in the seeds.


The leaves are about 10 cm long and grow from the base. Flowering is usually in spring, with hemispherical clusters of blue flowers developing on a stem about 50 cm in height.
The leaves are about 10 cm long and form a basal rosette. Flowering is usually in spring, with dense hemispherical clusters of numerous, small, bright blue flowers developing on several stems ([[scapes]]) up to 50 cm in height.


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Specimens of ''Brunonia'' were first collected by [[Robert Brown (botanist)|Robert Brown]] during the 1801–02 voyage of HMS ''Investigator'' under the command of [[Matthew Flinders]]. The genus had not been published by early 1810, when members of the [[Linnean Society of London]] sought to name a plant genus in Brown's honour. This genus was settled upon because it was so difficult to classify: "The genus under consideration is... exceedingly interesting, on account of its apparent relationship to several very different natural orders, and the great difficulty of referring it to any one in particular."<ref name="Smith 1811">{{cite journal | first = James Edward | last = Smith | year = 1811 | title = [[Wikisource:An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia|An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia]] | journal = Transactions of the Linnean Society of London | volume = X | pages = 365–370}}</ref> The name ''Brunonia'' was chosen because a genus had already been named ''Brownea'' in honour of [[Patrick Browne]], and ''Brunonia'' was seen as a compromise, "preserving as much resemblance to his name as possible, while I avoid all ambiguity with the Brownea previously established."<ref name="Smith 1811"/>
Specimens of ''Brunonia'' were first collected by [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] during the 1801–02 voyage of HMS ''Investigator'' under the command of [[Matthew Flinders]]. The genus had not been published by early 1810, when members of the [[Linnean Society of London]] sought to name a plant genus in Brown's honour. This genus was settled upon because it was so difficult to classify: "The genus under consideration is... exceedingly interesting, on account of its apparent relationship to several very different natural orders, and the great difficulty of referring it to any one in particular."<ref name="Smith 1811">{{cite journal | first = James Edward | last = Smith | year = 1811 | title = An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia | journal = Transactions of the Linnean Society of London | volume = X | issue = 2 | pages = 365–370 | doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1810.tb00026.x| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447524 }}</ref> The name ''Brunonia'' was chosen because a genus had already been named ''Brownea'' in honour of [[Patrick Browne (physician)|Patrick Browne]], and ''Brunonia'' was seen as a compromise, "preserving as much resemblance to his name as possible, while I avoid all ambiguity with the Brownea previously established."<ref name="Smith 1811"/>


In February 1810, [[James Edward Smith]] read a formal description of ''Brunonia'' to the Linnean Society. Two species were given: ''Brunonia australis'' and ''Brunonia sericea''. Later that year, Brown made use of Smith's names in his ''[[Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae]]''. However, Smith's speech did not go to print until 1811, so priority of publication of the genus belongs to Brown not Smith. Thus Brown unwittingly violated a virtual botanical taboo, by naming a genus after himself.<ref name="Mabberley">{{cite book | first = David | last = Mabberley | authorlink = David Mabberley | year = 1985 | title = Jupiter Botanicus: Robert Brown of the Britush Museum | publisher = Lubrecht and Cramer | isbn = 3-7682-1408-7}}</ref>
In February 1810, [[James Edward Smith (botanist)|James Edward Smith]] read a formal description of ''Brunonia'' to the Linnean Society. Two species were given: ''Brunonia australis'' and ''Brunonia sericea''. Later that year, Brown made use of Smith's names in his ''[[Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae]]''. However, Smith's speech did not go to print until 1811, so priority of publication of the genus belongs to Brown not Smith. Thus Brown unwittingly violated a virtual botanical taboo, by naming a genus after himself.<ref name="Mabberley">{{cite book | first = David | last = Mabberley | authorlink = David Mabberley | year = 1985 | title = Jupiter Botanicus: Robert Brown of the Britush Museum | publisher = Lubrecht and Cramer | isbn = 3-7682-1408-7}}</ref>


''B.&nbsp;sericea'' was reduced to a variety of ''B.&nbsp;australis'' in 1907, and given synonymy with ''B.&nbsp;australis'' in 1992. A number of other species and variety have been published, but to date none have survived as current taxa except ''B.&nbsp;australis''.
''B.&nbsp;sericea'' was reduced to a variety of ''B.&nbsp;australis'' in 1907, and given synonymy with ''B.&nbsp;australis'' in 1992. A number of other species and variety have been published, but to date none have survived as current taxa except ''B.&nbsp;australis''.


== Cultivation ==
==Cultivation==
This plant is easy to propagate from seed or by dividing existing plants. However, they can be difficult to establish and may die after a few years. They should be grown in well drained soils either in full sun or partial shade.
This plant is easy to propagate from seed or by dividing existing plants. However, they can be difficult to establish and may die after a few years. They should be grown in well-drained soils either in full sun or partial shade.


== References ==
==References==
{{wikisource|An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia}}
{{Wikisource|An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* {{cite web|url=http://asgap.org.au/b-aus.html|title=''Brunonia australis''|accessdate=2008-04-12|publisher=Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants}}
* {{FloraBase|name=''Brunonia australis''|id=7413}}
⚫
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/brunonia.htm Brunoniaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com


==External links==
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[[Category:Asterales of Australia]]
⚫
* {{cite web|url=http://asgap.org.au/b-aus.html|title=''Brunonia australis''|accessdate=2008-04-12|publisher=Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614010744/http://asgap.org.au/b-aus.html|archivedate=2008-06-14}}
⚫
* {{FloraBase|name=''Brunonia australis''}}
⚫
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/brunonia.htm Brunoniaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2088792}}

{{-}}

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[[Category:Goodeniaceae]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of the Northern Territory]]
[[Category:Flora of the Northern Territory]]
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[[Category:Flora of South Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of South Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Flora of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (state)]]
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[[Category:Asterales of Australia]]
[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Monotypic plant genera]]
[[Category:Monotypic Asterales genera]]
[[Category:Eudicot genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by James Edward Smith]]


{{Asterales-stub}}
{{Australia-asterid-stub}}

[[es:Brunonia australis]]
[[nl:Brunonia australis]]
[[pt:Brunonia australis]]
[[zh:蓝针花科]]

Latest revision as of 00:20, 7 May 2023

For the journal, see Australian Systematic Botany.

Brunonia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Goodeniaceae
Genus: Brunonia
Sm. ex R.Br.
Species:
B. australis
Binomial name
Brunonia australis
Sm. ex R.Br.
Flowers

Brunonia australis, commonly known as the blue pincushion or native cornflower, is a perennial or annual herb that grows widely across Australia. It is found in woodlands, open forest and sand plains. In Cronquist's classification scheme it was the sole member of the monogeneric plant family Brunoniaceae. The APG II system moved it into Goodeniaceae, with which it shares the stylar pollen-cup, or indusium, a character confined to these taxa. Brunonia is unique among Goodeniaceae in its radially symmetric flowers, the superior ovary and the absence of endosperm in the seeds.

The leaves are about 10 cm long and form a basal rosette. Flowering is usually in spring, with dense hemispherical clusters of numerous, small, bright blue flowers developing on several stems (scapes) up to 50 cm in height.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Specimens of Brunonia were first collected by Robert Brown during the 1801–02 voyage of HMS Investigator under the command of Matthew Flinders. The genus had not been published by early 1810, when members of the Linnean Society of London sought to name a plant genus in Brown's honour. This genus was settled upon because it was so difficult to classify: "The genus under consideration is... exceedingly interesting, on account of its apparent relationship to several very different natural orders, and the great difficulty of referring it to any one in particular."[1] The name Brunonia was chosen because a genus had already been named Brownea in honour of Patrick Browne, and Brunonia was seen as a compromise, "preserving as much resemblance to his name as possible, while I avoid all ambiguity with the Brownea previously established."[1]

In February 1810, James Edward Smith read a formal description of Brunonia to the Linnean Society. Two species were given: Brunonia australis and Brunonia sericea. Later that year, Brown made use of Smith's names in his Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae. However, Smith's speech did not go to print until 1811, so priority of publication of the genus belongs to Brown not Smith. Thus Brown unwittingly violated a virtual botanical taboo, by naming a genus after himself.[2]

B. sericea was reduced to a variety of B. australis in 1907, and given synonymy with B. australis in 1992. A number of other species and variety have been published, but to date none have survived as current taxa except B. australis.

Cultivation

[edit]

This plant is easy to propagate from seed or by dividing existing plants. However, they can be difficult to establish and may die after a few years. They should be grown in well-drained soils either in full sun or partial shade.

References

[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  1. ^ a b Smith, James Edward (1811). "An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. X (2): 365–370. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1810.tb00026.x.
  2. ^ Mabberley, David (1985). Jupiter Botanicus: Robert Brown of the Britush Museum. Lubrecht and Cramer. ISBN 3-7682-1408-7.
[edit]
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