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{{Short description|Early British pilotless aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
[[File:Larynx.png|thumbnail|right|"RAE Larynx on cordite fired catapult of destroyer HMS Stronghold, July 1927. The man on the box is Dr. George Gardner, later Director of RAE."<ref name="werrell1985"/>]]
{{about|the plane|the organ|larynx}}
[[File:Larynx.png|thumbnail|right|"RAE Larynx on cordite fired catapult of destroyer HMS Stronghold, July 1927. The man on the box is Dr. George Gardner, later Director of RAE." <ref name="werrell1985">{{Cite book|last=Werrell|first=Kenneth P.|title=The Evolution of the Cruise Missile|date=September 1985|publisher=[[Air University Press]]|location=[[Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[Montgomery, Alabama]]|page=17|id=AD-A162 646|url-status=live|url=https://media.defense.gov/2017/Apr/07/2001728474/-1/-1/0/B_0006_WERRELL_EVOLUTION_CRUISE_MISSILE.PDF#page=33|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416103307/https://media.defense.gov/2017/Apr/07/2001728474/-1/-1/0/B_0006_WERRELL_EVOLUTION_CRUISE_MISSILE.PDF#page=33|archive-date=16 April 2019}}{{quote|The RAF began work on a true "flying bomb" in September 1925. Compared with the RAE 1921 Target missile, the Larynx (Long Range Gun with Lynx Engine) was smaller, heavier, and faster. In fact, a {{convert|200|hp|kW|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} Lynx IV engine gave the device a top speed of about {{convert|200|mph|kph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}, making it faster than contemporary fighters. }}</ref>]]


The [[Royal Aircraft Establishment]] '''Larynx''' (from "Long Range Gun with Lynx engine") was an early British pilotless aircraft, to be used as a guided anti-ship weapon. Started in September 1925, it was an early [[cruise missile]] guided by an [[autopilot]].<ref name="werrell1985">{{Cite book|last=Werrell|first=Kenneth P.|title=The Evolution of the Cruise Missile|date=September 1985|publisher=[[Air University Press]]|location=[[Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[Montgomery, Alabama]]|page=17|id=AD-A162 646|url-status=live|url=https://media.defense.gov/2017/Apr/07/2001728474/-1/-1/0/B_0006_WERRELL_EVOLUTION_CRUISE_MISSILE.PDF#page=33|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416103307/https://media.defense.gov/2017/Apr/07/2001728474/-1/-1/0/B_0006_WERRELL_EVOLUTION_CRUISE_MISSILE.PDF#page=33|archive-date=16 April 2019}}{{quote|The RAF began work on a true "flying bomb" in September 1925. Compared with the RAE 1921 Target missile, the Larynx (Long Range Gun with Lynx Engine) was smaller, heavier, and faster. In fact, a {{convert|200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Lynx IV engine gave the device a top speed of about {{convert|200|mph|kph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}, making it faster than contemporary fighters. }}</ref>
The [[Royal Aircraft Establishment]] '''Larynx''' (from "Long Range Gun with Lynx engine") was an early British pilotless aircraft, to be used as a guided anti-ship weapon.
Started in September 1925, it was an early [[cruise missile]] guided by an [[autopilot]].


==Design==
A small monoplane powered by a 200&nbsp;hp [[Armstrong Siddeley Lynx]] IV engine, it had a top speed of 200&nbsp;mph (320&nbsp;km/h); faster than contemporary fighters.<ref name="gibson2007">{{Cite book|last1=Gibson|first1=Chris|last2=Buttler|first2=Tony|title= British Secret Projects: Hypersonics, Ramjets and Missiles|date=2007|publisher=Midland|isbn=978-1-85780-258-0|location=Hinckley|oclc=310094852}}</ref>
A small monoplane powered by a {{convert|200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Armstrong Siddeley Lynx]] IV engine, it had a top speed of 200&nbsp;mph (320&nbsp;km/h), faster than contemporary fighters.<ref name="gibson2007">{{Cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=Chris |last2=Buttler |first2=Tony|title= British Secret Projects: Hypersonics, Ramjets and Missiles |date=2007 |publisher=Midland |isbn=978-1-85780-258-0 |location=Hinckley |oclc=310094852}}</ref>


It used autopilot principles developed by Professor [[Archibald Low]] and already used in the [[Ruston Proctor AT]], a radio controlled biplane that was intended to be used against German [[Zeppelin]] bombers.
It used autopilot principles developed by Professor [[Archibald Low]]{{cn|date=April 2022}} and already used in the [[Ruston Proctor AT]], a radio controlled biplane that was intended to be used against German [[Zeppelin]] bombers.{{cn|date=April 2022}}


==Project history==
==Project history==
*First test 20 July 1927. Launched from [[cordite]]-powered catapult fitted to the [[S-class destroyer (1917)|S class destroyer]] [[HMS Stronghold (H 50)|HMS ''Stronghold'']]. Crashed into [[Bristol Channel]].
* First test: 20 July, 1927. Launched from [[cordite]]-powered catapult fitted to the [[S-class destroyer (1917)|S class destroyer]] {{HMS|Stronghold||6}}. Crashed into [[Bristol Channel]].<ref name=Everett>{{cite book |last=Everett |first=H.R. |title=Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II| location=Cambridge MA |publisher=MIT Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-26202-922-3|page=15}}</ref>
*Second test 1 September 1927. Thought to have flown 100 miles (160&nbsp;km) and was then lost.
* Second test: 1 September, 1927. Thought to have flown 100 miles (160&nbsp;km) and was then lost.
*Third test 15 October 1927. 112 mile (180&nbsp;km) flight, hit five miles from target.
* Third test: 15 October, 1927. 112 mile (180&nbsp;km) flight, hit five miles from target.
*Two more launches in September and October 1928 from [[HMS Thanet (H29)|HMS ''Thanet'']], another S class destroyer.
* Two more launches in September and October 1928 from {{HMS|Thanet|H29|6}}, another S class destroyer.<ref name=Everett/>
*Two additional launches May 1929. Launched from land, one overflew target and other was successful.<ref name="werrell1985" />
* Two launches May 1929. Launched from land, one overflew target and other was successful.


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
{{Aero specs missing}}
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=<ref name="gibson2007"/><!-- reference -->
|prime units?=imp<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification,
met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show -->
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|genhide=


|crew=
== See also ==
|capacity=
*[[Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane]]
|length m=
*[[Kettering Bug]]
|length ft=
*[[V-1 flying bomb]]
|length in=
|span m=
|span ft=
|span in=
|swept m=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept in=<!-- swing-wings -->
|height m=
|height ft=
|height in=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Armstrong Siddeley Lynx]] IV
|eng1 type=[[radial engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=200<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|power original=
|thrust original=
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|more power=

|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop note=
<!--
Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=200
|max speed kts=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|armament=<!-- add bulletted list here or if you want to use the following
specific parameters, remove this parameter-->
|guns=
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
* [[Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane]]
* [[Kettering Bug]]
* [[V-1 flying bomb]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.vectorsite.net/twcruz_1.html#m2 (1.0) The Aerial Torpedo]
* [http://www.vectorsite.net/twcruz_1.html#m2 (1.0) The Aerial Torpedo]
*[http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/rpav_britain.html Remote Piloted Aerial Vehicles : The 'Aerial Target' and 'Aerial Torpedo' in Britain]
* [https://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/rpav_britain.html Remote Piloted Aerial Vehicles : The 'Aerial Target' and 'Aerial Torpedo' in Britain]
*[http://wih.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/2/197 Interwar British Experiments with Pilotless Aircraft pay to access]
* [http://wih.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/2/197 Interwar British Experiments with Pilotless Aircraft pay to access]
*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200642.html "Automatic Flight"] a 1958 ''Flight'' article
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200642.html "Automatic Flight"] a 1958 ''Flight'' article
*[http://www.vintagewings.ca/VintageNews/Stories/tabid/116/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/484/The-Mother-of-All-Drones.aspx The Mother of All Drones - Article Vintage Wings of Canada]
* [http://www.vintagewings.ca/VintageNews/Stories/tabid/116/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/484/The-Mother-of-All-Drones.aspx The Mother of All Drones - Article Vintage Wings of Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226221514/http://www.vintagewings.ca/VintageNews/Stories/tabid/116/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/484/The-Mother-of-All-Drones.aspx |date=26 December 2016 }}


[[Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Unmanned military aircraft of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Guided missiles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Guided missiles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Aircraft manufactured in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Aircraft manufactured in the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 00:03, 21 April 2023

"RAE Larynx on cordite fired catapult of destroyer HMS Stronghold, July 1927. The man on the box is Dr. George Gardner, later Director of RAE."[1]

The Royal Aircraft Establishment Larynx (from "Long Range Gun with Lynx engine") was an early British pilotless aircraft, to be used as a guided anti-ship weapon. Started in September 1925, it was an early cruise missile guided by an autopilot.[1]

Design

[edit]

A small monoplane powered by a 200 hp (150 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IV engine, it had a top speed of 200 mph (320 km/h), faster than contemporary fighters.[2]

It used autopilot principles developed by Professor Archibald Low[citation needed] and already used in the Ruston Proctor AT, a radio controlled biplane that was intended to be used against German Zeppelin bombers.[citation needed]

Project history

[edit]
  • First test: 20 July, 1927. Launched from cordite-powered catapult fitted to the S class destroyer HMS Stronghold. Crashed into Bristol Channel.[3]
  • Second test: 1 September, 1927. Thought to have flown 100 miles (160 km) and was then lost.
  • Third test: 15 October, 1927. 112 mile (180 km) flight, hit five miles from target.
  • Two more launches in September and October 1928 from HMS Thanet, another S class destroyer.[3]
  • Two launches May 1929. Launched from land, one overflew target and other was successful.

Specifications

[edit]

Data from [2]

General characteristics

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 200 mph (320 km/h, 170 kn)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Werrell, Kenneth P. (September 1985). The Evolution of the Cruise Missile (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Alabama: Air University Press. p. 17. AD-A162 646. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2019.

    The RAF began work on a true "flying bomb" in September 1925. Compared with the RAE 1921 Target missile, the Larynx (Long Range Gun with Lynx Engine) was smaller, heavier, and faster. In fact, a 200 hp (150 kW) Lynx IV engine gave the device a top speed of about 200 mph (322 km/h), making it faster than contemporary fighters.

  2. ^ a b Gibson, Chris; Buttler, Tony (2007). British Secret Projects: Hypersonics, Ramjets and Missiles. Hinckley: Midland. ISBN 978-1-85780-258-0. OCLC 310094852.
  3. ^ a b Everett, H.R. (2015). Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-26202-922-3.
[edit]
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