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{{Short description|Political office in Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
Holders of the office of '''Lord Chamberlain of [[Scotland]]''' are known from about 1124.
Holders of the office of '''Lord Chamberlain of [[Scotland]]''' are known from about 1124.
It was ranked by King Malcolm as the third great Officer of State, called ''Camerarius Domini Regis'', and had a salary of £200 per annum allotted to him. He anciently collected the revenues of the Crown, at least before Scotland had a Treasurer, of which office there is no vestige of until the restoration of King [[James I of Scotland|James I]] when he disbursed the money necessary for the maintenance of the King's Household.
It was ranked by King Malcolm as the third great Officer of State, called ''Camerarius Domini Regis'', and had a salary of £200 per annum allotted to him. He anciently collected the revenues of the Crown, at least before Scotland had a Treasurer, of which office there is no vestige until the restoration of King [[James I of Scotland|James I]] when he disbursed the money necessary for the maintenance of the King's Household.


The Great Chamberlain had jurisdiction for judging of all crimes committed within burgh, and of the crime of forestalling; and was in effect Justice-General over the burghs, and held Chamberlain-ayrs every year for that purpose; the form whereof is set down in ''Iter Camerarii'', the Chamberlain-ayr. He was a supreme judge and his Decrees could not be questioned by any inferior judicatory. His sentences were to be put into execution by the [[baillie]]s of burghs. He also settled the prices of provisions within burghs, and the fees of the workmen in the [[Mint (coin)|Mint]].
The Great Chamberlain had jurisdiction for judging of all crimes committed within burgh, and of the crime of forestalling; and was in effect Justice-General over the burghs, and held Chamberlain-ayrs every year for that purpose; the form whereof is set down in ''Iter Camerarii'', the Chamberlain-ayr. He was a supreme judge and his Decrees could not be questioned by any inferior judicatory. His sentences were to be put into execution by the [[baillie]]s of burghs. He also settled the prices of provisions within burghs, and the fees of the workmen in the [[Mint (coin)|Mint]].


The Chamberlain lost his financial functions after 1425 to the [[Treasurer of Scotland|Treasurer]]. The position was vacant from 1558 to 1565 and again from 1569. It was occupied in 1580 for the cousin of [[James I of England|James I]], [[Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox]], whose appearance as a [[Great Officer of State]] in 1581 is attributable to his personal standing with the king rather than his office. But following the Raid of Ruthven, August 24, 1582, the Great Chamberlain lost his supervision of the [[royal burgh]]s.
The Chamberlain lost his financial functions after 1425 to the [[Treasurer of Scotland|Treasurer]]. The position was vacant from 1558 to 1565 and again from 1569. It was occupied in 1580 for the cousin of [[James I of England|James I]], [[Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox]], whose appearance as a [[Great Officer of State]] in 1581 is attributable to his personal standing with the king rather than his office. But following the [[Raid of Ruthven]], 24 August 1582, the Great Chamberlain lost his supervision of the [[royal burgh]]s.


Thereafter the office was held by successive [[Duke of Lennox|Dukes of Lennox]] (heritably from 1603) until resigned to the Crown ''ad perpetuam remanentiam'' by the [[Duke of Richmond and Lennox]] in 1703, since which time no Great Chamberlain has been appointed. In 1711 a form of the office was revived in a Commission of Chamberlainry and Trade, which lapsed on the death of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]].
Thereafter the office was held by successive [[Duke of Lennox|Dukes of Lennox]] (heritably from 1603) until resigned to the Crown ''ad perpetuam remanentiam'' by the [[Duke of Richmond and Lennox]] in 1703, since which time no Great Chamberlain has been appointed. In 1711 a form of the office was revived in a Commission of Chamberlainry and Trade, which lapsed on the death of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]].


==Lord Chamberlains==
==Lord Chamberlains==
;[[David I of Scotland]] ({{reign|1124|1153}})

* Edmund, witnessed a charter granting [[Annandale]] to [[Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale|Robert de Brus]] in 1124.
* Edmund, witnessed a charter granting [[Annandale, Dumfries and Galloway|Annandale]] to [[Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale|Robert de Brus]] in 1124.
* 1130-1153: Herbert
* 1130-1160: Herbert, to Kings [[David I of Scotland|David I]] and [[Malcolm IV of Scotland|Malcolm IV]]
;[[Malcolm IV of Scotland]] ({{reign|1153|1165}})
* 1153-1160: Herbert
* 1160-1165: Nicolaus, later Lord Chancellor
* 1160-1165: Nicolaus, later Lord Chancellor
;[[William the Lion]] ({{reign|1165|1214}})
* 1165-1189: Walter de Barclay of [[Red Castle, Angus]] and [[Inverkeilor]]
* 1165-1189: [[Walter de Berkeley of Redcastle]]
* 1205: [[Philip de Valoniis|Philip de Valence]], to King [[William the Lion]]
* 1205-14: [[Philip de Valognes]]
;[[Alexander II of Scotland]] ({{reign|1214|1249}})
* 1214-19: [[William de Valognes]]
* 1214-19: [[William de Valognes]]
* [[Hugo de Giffard]], Lord of [[Yester Castle|Yester]] and [[Morham]]
* [[Hugo de Giffard]], Lord of [[Yester Castle|Yester]] and [[Morham]]
* John de Melville, to King [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]]
* John de Melville
* 1216: [[Henry de Balliol]] (d. 1246)
* 1216: [[Henry de Balliol]] (d. 1246)
* 1228: [[David de Bernham]] (later [[Bishop of St Andrews]])
* 1228: [[David de Bernham]] (later [[Bishop of St Andrews]])
* 1231-41: Sir John de Maccuswel (or Maxwell) to King [[Alexander II of Scotland]]
* 1231-41: Sir John de Maccuswel (or Maxwell)
;[[Alexander III of Scotland]] ({{reign|1249|1286}})
* c.1250/1: Sir Robert de Meyners
* c.1250/1: Sir Robert de Meyners
* 1252-1255: [[Uilleam, Earl of Mar|William, Earl of Mar]], to King [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]]
* 1252-1255: [[Uilleam, Earl of Mar|William, Earl of Mar]]
* 1255-1257: [[David de Lindsay of the Byres]]
* 1255-1257: [[David de Lindsay of the Byres|David de Lindsay of Barnweill and Byres]]
* 1257-60: Aylmer de Maxwell lord of [[Caerlaverock Castle|Caerlaverock]], Sheriff of Dumfries, to King [[Alexander III of Scotland]], son of Sir John Maxwell.
* 1257-60: Aylmer de Maxwell lord of [[Caerlaverock Castle|Caerlaverock]], Sheriff of Dumfries, son of Sir John Maxwell.
* 1260: William, Earl of Mar, again
* 1260: William, Earl of Mar, again
* 1267: Sir [[Reginald Cheyne]]
* 1267: Sir [[Reginald Cheyne]]
* 1269: Sir Thomas Randolph, father of [[Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray]],
* 1269: Sir Thomas Randolph, father of [[Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray]],
* 1278: John de Lindsay
* 1278: [[John Lindsay of Wauchope|John de Lindsay]]
;[[Guardian of Scotland|Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland]] (First Interregnum)(1286-1292)
* 1287-1294: [[Alexander de Baliol]]
* 1287-1292: [[Alexander de Baliol]]
⚫
* 1297-1307 [[John Sandale]], under Edward I of England
;[[John Balliol]] ({{reign|1292|1329}})
⚫
* 1319: William de Lindsay, to [[Robert the Bruce]]
* 1292-1296: [[Alexander de Baliol]]
;[[Guardian of Scotland|Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland]] (Second Interregnum) (1296-1306)
⚫
*1297-1307: [[John Sandale]]
;[[Robert the Bruce]] ({{reign|1306|1329}})
* 1307: Eustace de Cotesbache
⚫
* 1319: William de Lindsay
* 1325: [[Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie]] (who married Mary, the King's sister)
* 1325: [[Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie]] (who married Mary, the King's sister)
* 1329: John Baptista, to King [[David II of Scotland|David II]]
;[[David II of Scotland]] ({{reign|1329|1371}})
* 1329: John Baptista
* 1327-1329: Robert de Peebles
* 1327-1329: Robert de Peebles
* 1329-1333: Reginald de Mure
* 1329-1333: [[Reginald de Mure]]
* 1333: Sir Robert de Lawedre of [[The Bass]] (d. 1337) (also [[Justiciar]])
* 1333: Sir [[Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood|Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood and The Bass]] (d. 1337) (also [[Justiciar of Scotia]])
* 1334: William Bullock, under [[Edward Balliol]]
* 1334: [[William Bullock (chamberlain)|William Bullock]], under [[Edward Balliol]]
* 1334-1340: Reginald de Mure, again
* 1334-1340: [[Reginald de Mure]]
* 1341-1342: William Bullock, again
* 1341-1342: William Bullock, again
* 1343-1346: John of Roxburgh
* 1343-1346: [[John de Roxburgh]]
* c.1350-1357: Sir Robert de Erskine
* c.1350-1357: Sir Robert de Erskine
* 1357-1358: [[Thomas Stewart, 2nd Earl of Angus]]
* 1357-1358: [[Thomas Stewart, 2nd Earl of Angus]]
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* 1359-1363: Walter Fleming of [[Biggar, South Lanarkshire|Biggar]]
* 1359-1363: Walter Fleming of [[Biggar, South Lanarkshire|Biggar]]
* c1363-1364: Sir Robert de Erskine, again
* c1363-1364: Sir Robert de Erskine, again
* 1364-1376: Walter of Biggar, again
* 1364-1371: Walter of Biggar, again
;[[Robert II of Scotland]] ({{reign|1371|1390}})
* 1371-1376: Walter of Biggar, again
* 1376: [[Michael de Monymusk]], [[Bishop of Dunkeld]]
* 1376: [[Michael de Monymusk]], [[Bishop of Dunkeld]]
* 1377-1382: [[John Lyon, Lord of Glamis|Sir John Lyon]]
* 1377-1382: [[John Lyon, Lord of Glamis|Sir John Lyon]]
* 1382: [[Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife]]
* 1382: [[Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife]]
;[[Robert III of Scotland]] ({{reign|1390|1406}})
* 1426: John Forrester of Corstorphine (d. c1448), to King [[James I of Scotland|James I]]
;[[James I of Scotland]] ({{reign|1406|1437}})
* 1431:{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} [[George de Schoriswood]], [[Bishop of Brechin]]
* 1424-1448: Sir John Forrester of Corstorphine, Knt.<ref>''The Scottish Nation'', Edinburgh, 1867, vol.v, p.250.</ref><ref>''The [[Exchequer Rolls of Scotland]]'' edited by George Burnett, Lord Lyon King of Arms, vol.v, 1437-1454, Edinburgh, 1882, pps:108, 258, and 297 - the last mention as Chamberlain.</ref>
* 1458: [[James Livingstone, 1st Lord Livingston]], to King [[James II of Scotland|James II]]
* [[Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd]], to King [[James III of Scotland|James III]]
;[[James II of Scotland]] ({{reign|1437|1460}})
* 1448-1450: [[James Livingston, 1st Lord Livingston]]<ref>''The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland'' edited by George Burnett, Lord Lyon King of Arms, vol.v, 1437-1454, Edinburgh, 1882, p.312, first mention in this capacity.</ref>
* 1450-1454: [[James Crichton, 2nd Lord Crichton and Earl of Moray]]<ref>Anderson, William, ''The Scottish Nation'', Edinburgh, 1867, vol.iii, p.725, which states he held this position from 1440 until death.</ref><ref>Haydn, Joseph, ''Book of Dignities'', London, 1851, also states that he held this position 1440-1454.</ref>
* 1454-1467: [[James Livingston, 1st Lord Livingston]]
;[[James III of Scotland]] ({{reign|1460|1488}})
* 1467:<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Boyd, Robert Boyd, Lord |volume=3 |page=353}}</ref> [[Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd]]
* 1477: [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan]]
* 1477: [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan]]
* 1483: [[David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose|David Lindsay, 5th Earl of Crawford]]
* 1483: [[David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose|David Lindsay, 5th Earl of Crawford]]
* 1488: [[Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home]], to King [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]]
;[[James IV of Scotland]] ({{reign|1488|1513}})
* 1488: [[Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home]]
* 1509: [[Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home]]
* 1509: [[Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home]]
;[[James V of Scotland]] ({{reign|1513|1542}})
* 1516: [[Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming]] (d. 1547 at [[Battle of Pinkie]]), to King [[James V of Scotland|James V]]
* 1547: [[James Fleming, 4th Lord Fleming]] (d. 1558), to [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]
* 1516: [[Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming]] (d. 1547 at [[Battle of Pinkie]])
;[[Mary, Queen of Scots]] ({{reign|1542|1560}})
⚫
* 1565: [[John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming]] (d. 1572)<ref>[http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/index1707.htm Cracrofts Peerage]</ref>
* 1547: [[James Fleming, 4th Lord Fleming]] (d. 1558)
⚫
* 1581: [[Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox]], to King [[James VI of Scotland|James VI]]
;[[James VI and I|James VI of Scotland]] ({{reign|1560|1625}})
⚫
* 1565: [[John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming]] (d. 1572)<ref>[http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/index1707.htm Cracrofts Peerage] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308112323/http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/index1707.htm |date=2012-03-08 }}</ref>
⚫
* 1581: [[Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox]]
* 1594: [[Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox|Ludovick (or Louis) Stewart, Duke of Lennox]] (made heritable Chamberlains).
* 1594: [[Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox|Ludovick (or Louis) Stewart, Duke of Lennox]] (made heritable Chamberlains).


Line 67: Line 93:
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


* ''The Staggering State of the Scots' Statesmen'', by [[Sir John Scot of Scotstarvet]], Director of Chancery, Edinburgh, 1754, pps: xx - xxii, and 186-188. [https://archive.org/details/staggeringstateo00scot]
* ''The Staggering State of the Scots' Statesmen'', by [[Sir John Scot of Scotstarvet]], Director of Chancery, Edinburgh, 1754, pps: 137-8. [https://archive.org/details/staggeringstateo00scot]
* ''The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland'', edited by [[George Burnett (officer of arms)|George Burnett]], [[Lord Lyon King of Arms]], vol.II, 1359–1379, Edinburgh, 1878, in the appendix to the Preface is a list of Chamberlains of Scotland. See also p.cxxiii. [https://archive.org/details/rotuliscaccariir02grea]
* ''The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland'', edited by [[George Burnett (officer of arms)|George Burnett]], [[Lord Lyon King of Arms]], vol.II, 1359–1379, Edinburgh, 1878, in the appendix to the Preface is [https://archive.org/details/rotuliscaccariir02grea/page/n121 a list of Chamberlains of Scotland] to 1406 only. See also p.cxxiii. [https://archive.org/details/rotuliscaccariir02grea]
* ''A History of the House of Douglas'', by [[James Balfour Paul]] Vol II p.&nbsp;3, London 1902.
* ''A History of the House of Douglas'', by [[James Balfour Paul]] Vol II p.&nbsp;3, London 1902.


{{Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom}}
{{Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Scotland]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Scotland]]
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[[Category:Positions within the British Royal Household]]
[[Category:Positions within the British Royal Household]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Scotland]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Scotland]]
[[Category:Lord High Chamberlains of Scotland| ]]

Latest revision as of 08:55, 15 April 2023

Holders of the office of Lord Chamberlain of Scotland are known from about 1124. It was ranked by King Malcolm as the third great Officer of State, called Camerarius Domini Regis, and had a salary of £200 per annum allotted to him. He anciently collected the revenues of the Crown, at least before Scotland had a Treasurer, of which office there is no vestige until the restoration of King James I when he disbursed the money necessary for the maintenance of the King's Household.

The Great Chamberlain had jurisdiction for judging of all crimes committed within burgh, and of the crime of forestalling; and was in effect Justice-General over the burghs, and held Chamberlain-ayrs every year for that purpose; the form whereof is set down in Iter Camerarii, the Chamberlain-ayr. He was a supreme judge and his Decrees could not be questioned by any inferior judicatory. His sentences were to be put into execution by the baillies of burghs. He also settled the prices of provisions within burghs, and the fees of the workmen in the Mint.

The Chamberlain lost his financial functions after 1425 to the Treasurer. The position was vacant from 1558 to 1565 and again from 1569. It was occupied in 1580 for the cousin of James I, Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, whose appearance as a Great Officer of State in 1581 is attributable to his personal standing with the king rather than his office. But following the Raid of Ruthven, 24 August 1582, the Great Chamberlain lost his supervision of the royal burghs.

Thereafter the office was held by successive Dukes of Lennox (heritably from 1603) until resigned to the Crown ad perpetuam remanentiam by the Duke of Richmond and Lennox in 1703, since which time no Great Chamberlain has been appointed. In 1711 a form of the office was revived in a Commission of Chamberlainry and Trade, which lapsed on the death of Queen Anne.

Lord Chamberlains

[edit]
David I of Scotland (r. 1124–1153)
Malcolm IV of Scotland (r. 1153–1165)
  • 1153-1160: Herbert
  • 1160-1165: Nicolaus, later Lord Chancellor
William the Lion (r. 1165–1214)
Alexander II of Scotland (r. 1214–1249)
Alexander III of Scotland (r. 1249–1286)
Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland (First Interregnum)(1286-1292)
John Balliol (r. 1292–1329)
Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland (Second Interregnum) (1296-1306)
Robert the Bruce (r. 1306–1329)
David II of Scotland (r. 1329–1371)
Robert II of Scotland (r. 1371–1390)
Robert III of Scotland (r. 1390–1406)
James I of Scotland (r. 1406–1437)
  • 1424-1448: Sir John Forrester of Corstorphine, Knt.[1][2]
James II of Scotland (r. 1437–1460)
James III of Scotland (r. 1460–1488)
James IV of Scotland (r. 1488–1513)
James V of Scotland (r. 1513–1542)
Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542–1560)
James VI of Scotland (r. 1560–1625)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Scottish Nation, Edinburgh, 1867, vol.v, p.250.
  2. ^ The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland edited by George Burnett, Lord Lyon King of Arms, vol.v, 1437-1454, Edinburgh, 1882, pps:108, 258, and 297 - the last mention as Chamberlain.
  3. ^ The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland edited by George Burnett, Lord Lyon King of Arms, vol.v, 1437-1454, Edinburgh, 1882, p.312, first mention in this capacity.
  4. ^ Anderson, William, The Scottish Nation, Edinburgh, 1867, vol.iii, p.725, which states he held this position from 1440 until death.
  5. ^ Haydn, Joseph, Book of Dignities, London, 1851, also states that he held this position 1440-1454.
  6. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Boyd, Robert Boyd, Lord" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 353.
  7. ^ Cracrofts Peerage Archived 2012-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
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