Abu Ja'far al-Khazin: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Persian astronomer and mathematician}} |
{{Short description|Persian astronomer and mathematician}} |
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{{for|the 12th century physicist and astronomer|Al-Khazini}} |
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{{Use British English|date=February 2023}} |
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'''Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Husayn Khazin''' ({{lang-fa|ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی}}; 900–971), also called '''Al-Khazin''', was an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Selin | first = Helaine | title = Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-4020-4960-6 | page=275| quote=A newly discovered manuscript (not yet available for research) contains a treatise by the tenth century Iranian astronomer Abū Ja˓far al-Khāzin describing an equatorium called Zīj al-Safāīh. (the Zīj of Plates).}}</ref> [[Muslim]] [[Astronomy in medieval Islam|astronomer]] and [[Mathematics in medieval Islam|mathematician]] from [[greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]. He worked on both [[astronomy]] and [[number theory]]. |
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{{Infobox academic |
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| name = Al-Khazin |
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| native_name = ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی |
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| native_name_lang = fa |
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| birth_date = 900 |
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| death_date = 971 |
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| era = [[Islamic Golden Age]] |
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| school_tradition = |
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| main_interests = [[Mathematics]], [[astronomy]] |
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}} |
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'''Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Husayn Khazin''' ({{lang-fa|ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی}}; 900–971), also called '''Al-Khazin''', was an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]]{{sfn|Selin|1997|p=275}} Muslim [[astronomer]] and [[mathematician]] from [[greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]. He worked on both [[astronomy]] and [[number theory]]. |
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Al-Khazin was one of the scientists brought to the court in [[Ray, Iran|Ray]], Iran by the ruler of the [[Buwayhid|Buyid dynasty]], [[Adhad ad-Dowleh]], who ruled from 949 to 983 |
Al-Khazin was one of the scientists brought to the court in [[Ray, Iran|Ray]], Iran by the ruler of the [[Buwayhid|Buyid dynasty]], [[Adhad ad-Dowleh]], who ruled from 949 to 983. In 959/960, Khazin was required by the [[vizier]] of Ray, who was appointed by ad-Dowleh, to measure the [[Axial tilt|obliquity of the ecliptic]]. |
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One of Al-Khazin's works |
One of Al-Khazin's works {{transliteration|ar|[[Zij]] al-Safa'ih}} ("''Tables of the Disks of the Astrolabe''") was described by his successors as the best work in the field and they make many references to it.{{sfn|Dold-Samplonius|1981|p=334}} The work describes some astronomical instruments, in particular an [[astrolabe]] fitted with plates inscribed with tables, and a commentary on the use of these. A copy of this instrument was made, but it vanished in Germany during World War II. A photograph of this copy was taken and examined by the historian [[David A. King (historian)|David King]] in 1980.{{sfn|King|2007}} |
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Al-Khazin also wrote a commentary on [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Almagest]]'' in which he gives |
Al-Khazin also wrote a commentary on the Roman [[polymath]] [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Almagest]]'' in which he gives 19 propositions relating to statements by Ptolemy, and proposed a different model of the cosmos.<ref name="OCoRob">{{cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=John J. |last2=Robertson |first2=Edmund F. |title=Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan Al-Khazin |
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|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Khazin/ |website=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive|MacTutor]] |publisher=[[University of St Andrews]] |access-date=15 February 2023 |ref=OCoRob}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== |
==Sources== |
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* {{cite book |last1=Dold-Samplonius |first1=Yvonne |author1-link=Yvonne Dold-Samplonius |editor1-last=Gillispie |editor1-first=Charles Coulston |editor2-last=Holmes |editor2-first=Frederic Lawrence |title=Dictionary of Scientific Biography |date=1981 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |isbn=|oclc=755137603 |page=|url-access=registration |edition=|volume=7 & 8 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofscie78gill/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater |chapter=Al-Khāzin, Abū Ja'far Muḥammad Ibn Al-Ḥasan Al-Khurāsānī}} |
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* {{MacTutor |id=Al-Khazin |title=Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan Al-Khwarizmi}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=King |first1=David A. |author1-link=David A. King (historian) |title=New Light on the Zīij al‐Safāa'ih of Abū Jacfar al‐Khāzin |journal=[[Centaurus (journal)|Centaurus]] |date=2007 |volume=23 |issue=2 |page=|via=Researchgate |pages=105{{ndash}}117 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230455341_New_Light_on_the_Ziij_al-Safaa'ih_of_Abu_Jacfar_al-Khazin |issn=0008-8994}} |
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⚫ | * {{cite book |first=Roshdi |last=Rashed |title=Les Mathématiques Infinitésimales du IXe au XIe Siècle '''1''': Fondateurs et commentateurs: Banū Mūsā, Ibn Qurra, Ibn Sīnān, al-Khāzin, al-Qūhī, Ibn al-Samḥ, Ibn Hūd | publisher=Islamic Heritage Foundation | year=1996 | location=London | pages=737–778, |
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* {{cite book |last1=Selin |first1=Helaine |title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures |date=1997 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |location=Berlin; New York |isbn=978-1-4020-4960-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofh0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |url-access=registration}} |
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== Further reading== |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Thomas Hockey| last=Calvo | first=Emilia | title=Khāzin: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn al‐Ḥusayn al‐Khāzin al‐Khurāsānī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher=Springer | year=2007 | location=New York | pages=628–9 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Khazin_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Khazin_BEA.pdf PDF version]) |
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Thomas Hockey| last=Calvo | first=Emilia | title=Khāzin: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn al‐Ḥusayn al‐Khāzin al‐Khurāsānī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher=Springer | year=2007 | location=New York | pages=628–9 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Khazin_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0|ref=none}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Khazin_BEA.pdf PDF version]) |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | last= |
* {{cite encyclopedia | last=Pingree | first=David |author-link=David Pingree| title=Abū Jaʿfar Ḵāzen | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-jafar-mohammad-b | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] | year=1983 |ref=none}} |
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⚫ | * {{cite book |first=Roshdi |last=Rashed |title=Les Mathématiques Infinitésimales du IXe au XIe Siècle '''1''': Fondateurs et commentateurs: Banū Mūsā, Ibn Qurra, Ibn Sīnān, al-Khāzin, al-Qūhī, Ibn al-Samḥ, Ibn Hūd | publisher=Islamic Heritage Foundation | year=1996 | location=London | pages=737–778, 779–833 (Texte et Traduction: Abū Ja‘far al-Khāzin, Transcrit du commentaire du premier livre de l’Almageste Min al-sharḥ li-al-maqāla al-ülā min al-Majisṭī) | isbn=1-873992-18-1 |ref=none}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | last=Pingree | first=David |author-link=David Pingree| title=ABŪ JAʿFAR ḴĀZEN | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-jafar-mohammad-b | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] | orig-year=1983 }} |
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{{Islamic astronomy}} |
{{Islamic astronomy}} |
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{{Islamic mathematics}} |
{{Islamic mathematics}} |
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{{People of Khorasan}} |
{{People of Khorasan}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khazin, Abu Jafar |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Khazin, Abu Jafar}} |
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[[Category:900 births]] |
[[Category:900 births]] |
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[[Category:971 deaths]] |
[[Category:971 deaths]] |
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[[Category:10th-century Iranian mathematicians]] |
[[Category:10th-century Iranian mathematicians]] |
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[[Category:10th-century Iranian astronomers]] |
[[Category:10th-century Iranian astronomers]] |
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[[Category:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world]] |
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[[Category:Scholars under the Buyid dynasty]] |
[[Category:Scholars under the Buyid dynasty]] |
Latest revision as of 09:32, 30 March 2023
Al-Khazin | |
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ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی | |
Born | 900 |
Died | 971 |
Academic work | |
Era | Islamic Golden Age |
Main interests | Mathematics, astronomy |
Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Husayn Khazin (Persian: ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی; 900–971), also called Al-Khazin, was an Iranian[1] Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Khorasan. He worked on both astronomy and number theory.
Al-Khazin was one of the scientists brought to the court in Ray, Iran by the ruler of the Buyid dynasty, Adhad ad-Dowleh, who ruled from 949 to 983. In 959/960, Khazin was required by the vizier of Ray, who was appointed by ad-Dowleh, to measure the obliquity of the ecliptic.
One of Al-Khazin's works Zij al-Safa'ih ("Tables of the Disks of the Astrolabe") was described by his successors as the best work in the field and they make many references to it.[2] The work describes some astronomical instruments, in particular an astrolabe fitted with plates inscribed with tables, and a commentary on the use of these. A copy of this instrument was made, but it vanished in Germany during World War II. A photograph of this copy was taken and examined by the historian David King in 1980.[3]
Al-Khazin also wrote a commentary on the Roman polymath Ptolemy's Almagest in which he gives 19 propositions relating to statements by Ptolemy, and proposed a different model of the cosmos.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Selin 1997, p. 275.
- ^ Dold-Samplonius 1981, p. 334.
- ^ King 2007.
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. "Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan Al-Khazin". MacTutor. University of St Andrews. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Sources
[edit]- Dold-Samplonius, Yvonne (1981). "Al-Khāzin, Abū Ja'far Muḥammad Ibn Al-Ḥasan Al-Khurāsānī". In Gillispie, Charles Coulston; Holmes, Frederic Lawrence (eds.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 7 & 8. New York: Scribner. OCLC 755137603.
- King, David A. (2007). "New Light on the Zīij al‐Safāa'ih of Abū Jacfar al‐Khāzin". Centaurus. 23 (2): 105–117. ISSN 0008-8994 – via Researchgate.
- Selin, Helaine (1997). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Berlin; New York: Springer Nature. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6.
Further reading
[edit]- Calvo, Emilia (2007). "Khāzin: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn al‐Ḥusayn al‐Khāzin al‐Khurāsānī". In Thomas Hockey (ed.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 628–9. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version)
- Pingree, David (1983). "Abū Jaʿfar Ḵāzen". Encyclopædia Iranica.
- Rashed, Roshdi (1996). Les Mathématiques Infinitésimales du IXe au XIe Siècle 1: Fondateurs et commentateurs: Banū Mūsā, Ibn Qurra, Ibn Sīnān, al-Khāzin, al-Qūhī, Ibn al-Samḥ, Ibn Hūd. London: Islamic Heritage Foundation. pp. 737–778, 779–833 (Texte et Traduction: Abū Ja‘far al-Khāzin, Transcrit du commentaire du premier livre de l’Almageste Min al-sharḥ li-al-maqāla al-ülā min al-Majisṭī). ISBN 1-873992-18-1.