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The '''antigen leukocyte antibody test''' ('''ALCAT test''') is one that claims to measure adverse reactions to dietary substances. It was created by American Medical Testing Laboratories and is now marketed by Cell Science Systems (also known as ALCAT Diagnostic Systems) of [[Deerfield Beach, Florida]].
[[Image:ALCAT Logo.jpg|thumb|The ALCAT test is marketed by Cell Science Systems]]
Researched conducted at [[Yale School of Medicine]] published in BMJ Open Gastroenterology in 2017 demonstrated improvement for those with [[irritable bowel syndrome]]<ref name = "Ali_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ali A, Weiss TR, McKee D, Scherban A, Khan S, Fields MR, Apollo D, Mehal WZ | display-authors = 6 | title = Efficacy of individualised diets in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial | journal = BMJ Open Gastroenterology | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = e000164 | date = 2017-09-01 | pmid = 29018540 | pmc = 5628288 | doi = 10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000164 }}</ref>


<blockquote>"These findings reject the null hypothesis and show that a diet guided by leucocyte activation testing results in demonstrable clinical improvement in IBS. These clinical results, associated with a reduction in plasma neutrophil elastase, have implications for better understanding the role of food intolerance and the pathophysiology of IBS."<ref name = "Ali_2017" /></blockquote>
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The '''ALCAT test''', or '''antigen leukocyte antibody test''', is one that claims to measure adverse reactions to dietary substances. It was created by American Medical Testing Laboratories and is now marketed by Cell Science Systems (also known as ALCAT Diagnostic Systems) of [[Deerfield Beach, Florida]].


A study conducted in 2014 demonstrated reactions identified as "severe" were associated with the up-regulation of [[Integrin alpha M|CD11b]] on [[CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity|CD4]]+ and [[Cytotoxic T cell|CD8+ T cells]], suggesting a basis for further research into the mechanisms alleged.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262146351 |title=Food reactivity on the ALCAT leukocyte activation test is associated with upregulation of CD11b on T cells |website=ResearchGate |access-date=2017-11-22}}</ref>
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The test is not supported by research and is not considered to be a reliable medical diagnostic tool; since it has not been appropriately [[Validation (drug manufacture)|validated]] it is not a suitable guide for therapeutic decisions.<ref name="pmid16047707">{{cite journal |authors =Wüthrich B |title=Unproven techniques in allergy diagnosis |journal=J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=86–90 |year=2005 |pmid=16047707 |url=http://www.jiaci.org/issues/vol15issue02/1.pdf |format=pdf}}</ref><ref name="pmid20200768">{{cite journal |journal=Singapore Med J |date=January 2010 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=4–9 |title=Diagnostic tests for food allergy |authors =Gerez IF, Shek LP, Chng HH, Lee BW |pmid=20200768 |url=http://smj.sma.org.sg/5101/5101ra1.pdf}}</ref><ref name="pmid16097911">{{cite journal |journal=Med J Aust |year=2005 |volume=183 |issue=4 |pages=173–4 |authors =Mullins Raymond J, Heddle Robert J, Smith Pete |title=Non-conventional approaches to allergy testing: reconciling patient autonomy with medical practitioners’ concerns |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/183_04_150805/mul10358_fm.html|quote=|pmid=16097911}}</ref><ref name="pmid9538667">{{cite journal | author=(none listed) | title=Ocena testu cytotoksyczności pokarmów (cytotoxic food test) i testu ALCAT | trans_title=Evaluation of the cytotoxic food test and the ALCAT (antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test) | journal=Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego |issn=1426-9686 | year= 1997 | volume= 2 | issue= 8 | pages= 154–9 | pmid=9538667 | doi= }}</ref><ref name="pmid14653218">{{cite journal| author=Yasuhara A, Yamazaki D| title=The method of utilizing food allergy test. | journal=Rinsho Byori | year= 2003 | volume= Suppl 127 | issue= | pages= 73–8 | pmid=14653218 | doi= }}</ref><ref name="pmid19052505">{{cite journal| author=Ito K| title=Practical diagnosis of food allergy. | journal=Arerugi | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= 11 | pages= 1109–16 | pmid=19052505 | doi= | pmc= }}</ref> In a position statement, the [[Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy]] classified the ALCAT with other forms of cytotoxic tests as [[inappropriate test]]s, saying of them<blockquote>"These results have been shown to not be reproducible, give different results when duplicate samples are analysed blindly, don't correlate with those from conventional testing, and 'diagnose' food hypersensitivity in subjects with conditions where food allergy is not considered to play a pathogenic role."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allergy.org.au/health-professionals/papers/unorthodox-techniques-for-diagnosis-and-treatment#s4|publisher=Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy|title=Unorthodox Techniques for the Diagnosis and Treatment of allergy, Asthma and Immune Disorders|accessdate=2012-10-09|date=November 2007}}</ref></blockquote>


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Research published up to 2010 did not support the test or provide evidence that it was a reliable medical diagnostic tool; since it had not been [[Validation (drug manufacture)|validated]]. <ref name="pmid16047707">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wüthrich B | title = Unproven techniques in allergy diagnosis | journal = Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 86–90 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16047707 | url = http://www.jiaci.org/issues/vol15issue02/1.pdf }}</ref><ref name="pmid20200768">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gerez IF, Shek LP, Chng HH, Lee BW | title = Diagnostic tests for food allergy | journal = Singapore Medical Journal | volume = 51 | issue = 1 | pages = 4–9 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 20200768 | url = http://smj.sma.org.sg/5101/5101ra1.pdf }}</ref><ref name="pmid16097911">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mullins RJ, Heddle RJ, Smith P | title = Non-conventional approaches to allergy testing: reconciling patient autonomy with medical practitioners' concerns | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 183 | issue = 4 | pages = 173–4 | date = August 2005 | pmid = 16097911 | url = http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/183_04_150805/mul10358_fm.html | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06986.x | s2cid = 30242205 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14653218">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yasuhara A, Yamazaki D | title = [The method of utilizing food allergy test] | journal = Rinsho Byori. The Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology | volume = Suppl 127 | pages = 73–8 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 14653218 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19052505">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ito K | title = [Practical diagnosis of food allergy] | journal = Arerugi | volume = 57 | issue = 11 | pages = 1109–16 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 19052505 }}</ref> In a position statement, the [[Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy]] classified the ALCAT with other forms of cytotoxic tests as [[inappropriate test]]s, saying of them<blockquote>"These results have been shown to not be reproducible, give different results when duplicate samples are analysed blindly, don't correlate with those from conventional testing, and 'diagnose' food hypersensitivity in subjects with conditions where food allergy is not considered to play a pathogenic role."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allergy.org.au/health-professionals/papers/unorthodox-techniques-for-diagnosis-and-treatment#s4|publisher=Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)|title=Unorthodox Techniques for the Diagnosis and Treatment of allergy, Asthma and Immune Disorders|work=ASCIA Position Statement|access-date=2012-10-09|date=November 2007|archive-date=2012-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908181343/http://www.allergy.org.au/health-professionals/papers/unorthodox-techniques-for-diagnosis-and-treatment#s4|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>
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==References==

{{Research help|Med}}
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== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
== External links ==
*[http://www.alcat.com/ ALCAT official website]
*[http://www.alcat.com/ ALCAT official website]
*[http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/foods-allergy-intolerance Food allergy vs. intolerance] (WebMD)
*[http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/foods-allergy-intolerance Food allergy vs. intolerance] (WebMD)

Latest revision as of 02:25, 25 February 2023

The antigen leukocyte antibody test (ALCAT test) is one that claims to measure adverse reactions to dietary substances. It was created by American Medical Testing Laboratories and is now marketed by Cell Science Systems (also known as ALCAT Diagnostic Systems) of Deerfield Beach, Florida. Researched conducted at Yale School of Medicine published in BMJ Open Gastroenterology in 2017 demonstrated improvement for those with irritable bowel syndrome[1]

"These findings reject the null hypothesis and show that a diet guided by leucocyte activation testing results in demonstrable clinical improvement in IBS. These clinical results, associated with a reduction in plasma neutrophil elastase, have implications for better understanding the role of food intolerance and the pathophysiology of IBS."[1]

A study conducted in 2014 demonstrated reactions identified as "severe" were associated with the up-regulation of CD11b on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting a basis for further research into the mechanisms alleged.[2]

Research published up to 2010 did not support the test or provide evidence that it was a reliable medical diagnostic tool; since it had not been validated. [3][4][5][6][7] In a position statement, the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy classified the ALCAT with other forms of cytotoxic tests as inappropriate tests, saying of them

"These results have been shown to not be reproducible, give different results when duplicate samples are analysed blindly, don't correlate with those from conventional testing, and 'diagnose' food hypersensitivity in subjects with conditions where food allergy is not considered to play a pathogenic role."[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b Ali A, Weiss TR, McKee D, Scherban A, Khan S, Fields MR, et al. (2017-09-01). "Efficacy of individualised diets in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial". BMJ Open Gastroenterology. 4 (1): e000164. doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000164. PMC 5628288. PMID 29018540.
  2. ^ "Food reactivity on the ALCAT leukocyte activation test is associated with upregulation of CD11b on T cells". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  3. ^ Wüthrich B (2005). "Unproven techniques in allergy diagnosis" (PDF). Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology. 15 (2): 86–90. PMID 16047707.
  4. ^ Gerez IF, Shek LP, Chng HH, Lee BW (January 2010). "Diagnostic tests for food allergy" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 51 (1): 4–9. PMID 20200768.
  5. ^ Mullins RJ, Heddle RJ, Smith P (August 2005). "Non-conventional approaches to allergy testing: reconciling patient autonomy with medical practitioners' concerns". The Medical Journal of Australia. 183 (4): 173–4. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06986.x. PMID 16097911. S2CID 30242205.
  6. ^ Yasuhara A, Yamazaki D (October 2003). "[The method of utilizing food allergy test]". Rinsho Byori. The Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology. Suppl 127: 73–8. PMID 14653218.
  7. ^ Ito K (November 2008). "[Practical diagnosis of food allergy]". Arerugi. 57 (11): 1109–16. PMID 19052505.
  8. ^ "Unorthodox Techniques for the Diagnosis and Treatment of allergy, Asthma and Immune Disorders". ASCIA Position Statement. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA). November 2007. Archived from the original on 2012-09-08. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
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