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{{Short description|Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Odd Hassel
|name = Odd Hassel
| image =
| image = File:Odd Hassel.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| image_size = 225px
|caption = Odd Hassel
|caption = Odd Hassel, c.1935
|birth_date = {{birth date|1897|5|17|df=y}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1897|5|17|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Oslo|Kristiania]], [[Norway]]
|birth_place = [[Oslo|Kristiania]], Norway
|death_date = {{death date and age|1981|5|11|1897|5|17|df=y}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1981|5|11|1897|5|17|df=y}}
|death_place =
|death_place = Oslo, Norway
|nationality = [[Norway]]
|nationality = Norwegian
|ethnicity =
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Physical chemistry]]
|field = [[Physical chemistry]]
|work_institutions =
|work_institutions = [[University of Oslo]] <br> [[University of Berlin]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Oslo]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Oslo]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =
|known_for =
|prizes = [[Image:Nobel prize medal.svg|20px]] [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1969)
|prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1969)
}}
}}
'''Odd Hassel''' (17 May 1897 &ndash; 11 May <!--sometimes given as 1991-->1981) was a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[physical chemistry|physical chemist]] and [[Nobel Laureate]].
'''Odd Hassel''' (17 May 1897 &ndash; 11 May <!--sometimes given as 1991-->1981) was a Norwegian [[physical chemistry|physical chemist]] and [[Nobel Laureate]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url =https://nbl.snl.no/Odd_Hassel |title= Odd Hassel|publisher= Norsk biografisk leksikon
|author= Tor Dahl |access-date= February 1, 2018}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Oslo|Kristiania]] (now Oslo), his parents were Ernst Hassel, a [[gynaecology|gynaecologist]], and Mathilde Klaveness. In 1915, he entered the [[University of Oslo]] where he studied [[mathematics]], [[physics]] and [[chemistry]], and graduated in 1920. After taking a year off from studying, he went to [[Munich]], [[Germany]] to work in the laboratory of Professor [[Kasimir Fajans]].<ref>''[http://books.google.com/books?id=BJbJw2TQVqwC&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=%22odd+hassel%22+%22kasimir+fajans%22&source=web&ots=RiuQVI8tE6&sig=XpzlMw4yFpi_3xvYEJXowNvL5yw&hl=en Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists]'', Istvan Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai, Imperial College Press, 2003.</ref> His work there led to the detection of [[absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]] indicators. After moving to [[Berlin]], he worked at the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute]], where he began to do research on [[X-ray crystallography]].<ref>[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/odd-hassel-wsd/ Odd Hassel biography] bookrags.com</ref> He furthered his research with a [[Rockefeller Fellowship]], obtained with the help of [[Fritz Haber]]. In 1924, he obtained his PhD from the [[Berlin University]], before moving to the [[University of Oslo]], where he worked from 1925 through 1964, as a professor from 1934.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/hassel-bio.html Odd Hassel - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969], nobelprize.org</ref>
Hassel was born in [[Oslo|Kristiania]] (now Oslo), Norway. His parents were Ernst Hassel (1848–1905), a [[gynaecology|gynaecologist]], and Mathilde Klaveness (1860–1955). In 1915, he entered the [[University of Oslo]] where he studied [[mathematics]], [[physics]] and [[chemistry]], and graduated in 1920. [[Victor Goldschmidt]] was Hassel's tutor when he began studies in Oslo, while [[Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt]], Victor's father, was Hassel's thesis advisor. Father and son were important figures in Hassel's life and they remained friends.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pedersen|first=Bjørn|title=Odd Hassel|date=2019-09-24|url=http://snl.no/Odd_Hassel|work=Store norske leksikon|language=no|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>Kramish, Arnold (1986). ''The Griffin: The Greatest Untold Espionage Story of World War II.'' Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. {{ISBN|0-395-36318-7}}.</ref> After taking a year off from studying, he went to [[Munich]], Germany to work in the laboratory of Professor [[Kasimir Fajans]].<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BJbJw2TQVqwC&pg=PA65 Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists]'', Istvan Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai, Imperial College Press, 2003.</ref>


His work there led to the detection of [[absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]] indicators. After moving to [[Berlin]], he worked at the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute]], where he began to do research on [[X-ray crystallography]].<ref>[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/odd-hassel-wsd/ Odd Hassel biography] bookrags.com</ref> He furthered his research with a [[Rockefeller Fellowship]], obtained with the help of [[Fritz Haber]]. In 1924, he obtained his PhD from [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], before moving to his alma mater, the University of Oslo, where he worked from 1925 through 1964. He became a professor in 1934.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/hassel-bio.html Odd Hassel - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969], nobelprize.org</ref>
⚫
His work was interrupted in October, 1943 when he and other university staff members were arrested by the [[Nasjonal Samling]] and handed over to the [[occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany|occupation authorities]]. He spent time in several detention camps, until he was released in November, 1944.<ref>{{cite book|editor=[[Kristian Ottosen|Ottosen, Kristian]]|title=Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940–1945|edition=2nd|year=2004|publisher=Universitetsforlaget|location=Oslo|language=Norwegian|isbn=82-15-00288-9|page=289}}</ref>


⚫
His work was interrupted in October, 1943 when he and other university staff members were arrested by the [[Nasjonal Samling]] and handed over to the [[occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany|occupation authorities]]. He spent time in several detention camps, until he was released in November, 1944.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Ottosen, Kristian|editor-link=Kristian Ottosen|title=Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940–1945|edition=2nd|year=2004|publisher=Universitetsforlaget|location=Oslo|language=no|isbn=978-82-15-00288-0|page=289}}</ref>
⚫
In addition to the Nobel, he also received the [[Cato Maximilian Guldberg|Guldberg]]-[[Peter Waage|Waage]] Medal from the [[Norwegian Chemical Society]] and the [[Gunnerus Medal]] from the [[Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters]], both in 1964. An annual lecture, named in his honor, is given at the University of Oslo.


==Work==
==Work==
[[File:Professor Goldsmit - no-nb digifoto 20160408 00318 NB NS NM 09021.jpg|thumb|[[Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt]] was Hassel's thesis advisor and father of [[Victor Goldschmidt]]. {{credit|Narve Skarpmoen, 1916}}]]
Hassel originally focused on [[inorganic chemistry]], but beginning in 1930 his work concentrated on problems connected with [[molecular structure]], particularly the structure of [[cyclohexane]] and its derivatives. He introduced the Norwegian scientific community to the concepts of the [[electric dipole moment]]s and [[electron diffraction]]. The work for which he is best known established the three-dimensionality of [[molecular geometry]]. He focused his research on ring-shaped [[carbon]] [[molecules]], which he suspected filled three dimensions instead of two, the common belief of the time. By using the number of [[Chemical bond|bonds]] between the carbon and hydrogen atoms, Hassel demonstrated the impossibility of the molecules existing on only one plane. This discovery led to his being awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]] in 1969.
Hassel originally focused on [[inorganic chemistry]], but beginning in 1930 his work concentrated on problems connected with [[molecular structure]], particularly the structure of [[cyclohexane]] and its derivatives. He introduced the Norwegian scientific community to the concepts of the [[electric dipole moment]]s and [[electron diffraction]]. The work for which he is best known established the three-dimensionality of [[molecular geometry]]. He focused his research on ring-shaped [[carbon]] [[molecules]], which he suspected filled three dimensions instead of two, the common belief of the time. By using the number of [[Chemical bond|bonds]] between the carbon and hydrogen atoms, Hassel demonstrated the impossibility of the molecules existing on only one plane. This discovery led to him being awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for 1969.

==Honors==
Hassel was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1969, shared with English chemist [[Derek Barton]].

⚫
He received the [[Cato Maximilian Guldberg|Guldberg]]-[[Peter Waage|Waage]] Medal (''Guldberg-Waage Medal'') from the [[Norwegian Chemical Society]] and the [[Gunnerus Medal]] from the [[Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters]], both in 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.kjemi.no/selskapet/?dok=guldberg_og_waage |title= Professor Odd Hassel, 11. mars 1964 |publisher= Guldberg og Waage-medaljen|access-date= February 1, 2018}}</ref>

Hassel held honorary degrees from the [[University of Copenhagen]] (1950) and [[University of Stockholm]] (1960). An annual lecture named in his honor is given at the [[University of Oslo]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://snl.no/Odd_Hassel|title= Odd Hassel|publisher= Store norske leksikon|author= Bjørn Pedersen|access-date= February 1, 2018}}</ref>

He was an honorary Fellow of the [[Norwegian Chemical Society]], [[Chemical Society of London]], [[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]], [[Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters]] and [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= Odd Hassel|journal = Journal of Chemical Education|volume = 29|pages = 25|author= Ralph E. Oesper|date= January 1952|issue = 1|doi= 10.1021/ed029p25|bibcode = 1952JChEd..29...25O}}</ref>

He was made a Knight of the [[Order of St. Olav]] in 1960.<ref name="bio"/>

==See also==
*[[Cyclohexane conformation]]
*[[Halogen bond]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==Further reading==
==Related reading==
*{{cite book |author=Oakes, E. |title=A to Z of Chemists |publisher=VB Hermitage |location=New York |year=2002 |isbn=0-8160-4579-8 |series=Facts on File Science library : Notable scientists}}
*{{cite book |author=Oakes, E. |title=A to Z of Chemists |publisher=VB Hermitage |location=New York |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8160-4579-2 |series=Facts on File Science library : Notable scientists}}
*Laylin, James K. (1993) ''Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992'' (Chemical Heritage Foundation) {{ISBN|9780841226906}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Nobelprize}} including his Nobel Lecture June 9, 1970 ''Structural Aspects of Interatomic Charge-Transfer Bonding''
* Hassel's [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/hassel-bio.html Nobel Foundation biography]
* Hassel's Nobel Lecture [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/hassel-lecture.pdf Structural Aspects of Interatomic Charge-Transfer Bonding]


{{Authority control |VIAF=14297043 |LCCN=nb/2007/09324 }}
{{Authority control}}
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{1969 Nobel Prize winners}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Hassel, Odd
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =17 May 1897
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Oslo|Kristiania]], [[Norway]]
| DATE OF DEATH =11 May 1981
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassel, Odd}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassel, Odd}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Oslo]]
[[Category:Scientists from Oslo]]
[[Category:University of Oslo alumni]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Oslo]]
[[Category:Norwegian physical chemists]]
[[Category:Norwegian physical chemists]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]
[[Category:Rockefeller Fellows]]
[[Category:Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal]]
[[Category:Norwegian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Norwegian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]

Latest revision as of 17:32, 12 January 2023

Odd Hassel
Odd Hassel, c.1935
Born(1897-05-17)17 May 1897
Kristiania, Norway
Died11 May 1981(1981-05-11) (aged 83)
Oslo, Norway
NationalityNorwegian
Alma materUniversity of Oslo
AwardsNobel Prize in Chemistry (1969)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysical chemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of Oslo
University of Berlin

Odd Hassel (17 May 1897 – 11 May 1981) was a Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate.[1]

Biography

[edit]

Hassel was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. His parents were Ernst Hassel (1848–1905), a gynaecologist, and Mathilde Klaveness (1860–1955). In 1915, he entered the University of Oslo where he studied mathematics, physics and chemistry, and graduated in 1920. Victor Goldschmidt was Hassel's tutor when he began studies in Oslo, while Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt, Victor's father, was Hassel's thesis advisor. Father and son were important figures in Hassel's life and they remained friends.[2][3] After taking a year off from studying, he went to Munich, Germany to work in the laboratory of Professor Kasimir Fajans.[4]

His work there led to the detection of absorption indicators. After moving to Berlin, he worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, where he began to do research on X-ray crystallography.[5] He furthered his research with a Rockefeller Fellowship, obtained with the help of Fritz Haber. In 1924, he obtained his PhD from Humboldt University of Berlin, before moving to his alma mater, the University of Oslo, where he worked from 1925 through 1964. He became a professor in 1934.[6]

His work was interrupted in October, 1943 when he and other university staff members were arrested by the Nasjonal Samling and handed over to the occupation authorities. He spent time in several detention camps, until he was released in November, 1944.[7]

Work

[edit]
Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt was Hassel's thesis advisor and father of Victor Goldschmidt.
Credit: Narve Skarpmoen, 1916

Hassel originally focused on inorganic chemistry, but beginning in 1930 his work concentrated on problems connected with molecular structure, particularly the structure of cyclohexane and its derivatives. He introduced the Norwegian scientific community to the concepts of the electric dipole moments and electron diffraction. The work for which he is best known established the three-dimensionality of molecular geometry. He focused his research on ring-shaped carbon molecules, which he suspected filled three dimensions instead of two, the common belief of the time. By using the number of bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms, Hassel demonstrated the impossibility of the molecules existing on only one plane. This discovery led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1969.

Honors

[edit]

Hassel was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1969, shared with English chemist Derek Barton.

He received the Guldberg-Waage Medal (Guldberg-Waage Medal) from the Norwegian Chemical Society and the Gunnerus Medal from the Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters, both in 1964.[8]

Hassel held honorary degrees from the University of Copenhagen (1950) and University of Stockholm (1960). An annual lecture named in his honor is given at the University of Oslo.[9]

He was an honorary Fellow of the Norwegian Chemical Society, Chemical Society of London, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[10]

He was made a Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1960.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Tor Dahl. "Odd Hassel". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  2. ^ Pedersen, Bjørn (2019-09-24), "Odd Hassel", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian), retrieved 2019-10-23
  3. ^ Kramish, Arnold (1986). The Griffin: The Greatest Untold Espionage Story of World War II. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-36318-7.
  4. ^ Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, Istvan Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai, Imperial College Press, 2003.
  5. ^ Odd Hassel biography bookrags.com
  6. ^ Odd Hassel - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969, nobelprize.org
  7. ^ Ottosen, Kristian, ed. (2004). Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940–1945 (in Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. p. 289. ISBN 978-82-15-00288-0.
  8. ^ "Professor Odd Hassel, 11. mars 1964". Guldberg og Waage-medaljen. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  9. ^ Bjørn Pedersen. "Odd Hassel". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  10. ^ Ralph E. Oesper (January 1952). "Odd Hassel". Journal of Chemical Education. 29 (1): 25. Bibcode:1952JChEd..29...25O. doi:10.1021/ed029p25.
[edit]
  • Oakes, E. (2002). A to Z of Chemists. Facts on File Science library : Notable scientists. New York: VB Hermitage. ISBN 978-0-8160-4579-2.
  • Laylin, James K. (1993) Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992 (Chemical Heritage Foundation) ISBN 9780841226906
[edit]
  • Odd Hassel on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata including his Nobel Lecture June 9, 1970 Structural Aspects of Interatomic Charge-Transfer Bonding
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