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{{Short description|Locality in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District, Chechnya, Russia}}{{Infobox Russian village|en_name=Samashki|pop_latest_date=2021|representative_body_ref=|area_of_what=|area_as_of=|area_km2=|area_km2_ref=|pop_density=|pop_density_as_of=|pop_density_ref=|pop_latest=12,769|current_cat_date_ref=|leader_name_ref=|prev_name1_date=|prev_name1_ref=|postal_codes=366602|postal_codes_ref=|dialing_codes=87147|dialing_codes_ref=|website=|website_ref=|date=April 2021|representative_body=|leader_name=|ru_name=Самашки|map_label_position=|loc_name1=СемаӀашка|loc_lang1=Chechen|image_caption=|lat_deg=43|lat_min=17|lat_sec=32|lon_deg=45|lon_min=18|lon_sec=14|anthem=|leader_title_ref=|anthem_ref=|holiday=|holiday_ref=|federal_subject=[[Chechnya]]|federal_subject_ref=|inhabloc_type=|inhabloc_type_ref=|mun_data_as_of=|mun_district_jur=[[Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]]|mun_district_jur_ref=|image_skyline=IMG 20180614 144959СаьмаӀашка дукъ тӀиера охьа.jpg|rural_settlement_jur=Samashkinskoye}}
{{Coord|43|17|N|45|18|E|display=title|region:RU_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
'''Samashki''' ({{lang-ru|Самашки}}; {{lang-ce|СемаӀашка,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ярташ |url=http://daymohk-gazet.ru/ry |website="Даймохк" газет |language=ru-RU}}</ref>}} '' Semajaşka'') is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') in [[Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]], [[Chechnya]]. Samashki is the administrative center and only settlement of the Samashkinskoye [[Rural settlement (Russia)|rural settlement]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Сельское поселение Самашкинское (Чеченская Республика)|url=https://www.bankgorodov.com/settlement/samashkinskoe-selskoe-poselenie|website=www.bankgorodov.com}}</ref> Its population was estimated at 12,769 in 2021.<ref name=":0" />


== Geography ==
'''Samashki''' ({{lang-ru|Самашки}}; {{lang-ce|Саьмаӏашка}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') in [[Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]] of the [[Chechen Republic]], [[Russia]], located on the western plains. Population: {{ru-census2010|11,275|;}} {{ru-census2002|10,824|.}}
[[File:Самашки село карта.svg|thumb|Map of Achkhoy-Martanovsky District with Samashki highlighted]]
Samashki is located on the left bank of the [[Sunzha River]]. It is {{convert|9|km|mi}} north of the town of [[Achkhoy-Martan]] and {{convert|30|km|mi}} west of the city of [[Grozny]].


From the north, the hills of the Sunzhensky ridge reach the village, and from the south, the Samashki Forestry and the Sunzha River.
⚫
==History==
Since 1992, it is a border village with the [[Republic of Ingushetia]]. The pre-war population of Samashki counted about 14,600 people (about 12,000 in October 1999<ref name="why" />).


The nearest settlements to Samashki are [[Raduzhnoye, Groznensky District|Raduzhnoye]] to the north-east, [[Zakan-Yurt]] to the east, [[Novy Sharoy]] to the south, [[Davydenko, Achkhoy-Martanovsky District|Davydenko]] to the south-west, and [[Sernovodskoye, Chechen Republic|Sernovodskoye]] to the west.<ref>{{cite web |title=Карта Чеченской республики подробная с районами, селами и городами. Схема и спутник онлайн |url=http://1maps.ru/chechenskaya-respublika/ |website=1maps.ru}}</ref>
⚫
During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities,<ref name="why">[https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,252669,00.html Chechen villagers ask, why us?], ''[[The Guardian]]'', November 17, 1999</ref> most notably in the notorious April 1995 incident known as [[Samashki massacre]] which resulted in the deaths of more than 100 to 300 civilians.


== Name ==
⚫
In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for the civilian lives; according to [[Human Rights Watch]], Russian forces used civilians as a [[human shield]]s on [[Armoured personnel carrier|APCs]].<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/russia2/Russia-06.htm ACCOUNTABILITY By the Russian Side], [[Human Rights Watch]], 1997</ref> Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed altogether in the result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks.<ref name="terror">[http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/3623.html##3 Russian bombardment sows terror in town], ''[[Boston Globe]]'', 13 November 1999</ref> The next month, Russian journalist [[Nadezhda Chaikova]], who had filmed the effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya.<ref>[http://www.cpj.org/deadly/1996_list.html Journalists Killed in 1996: 26 Confirmed], [[Committee to Protect Journalists]], December 31, 1996</ref>
The name of the village comes from the {{lang-ce|Саь-Маӏашка}}, which translates roughly as "the place of deers".


⚫
== History ==
⚫
A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the [[Second Chechen War]], despite the [[demilitarization]] of the village,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/543493.stm How war came to a Chechen village], [[BBC News]], 1 December 1999</ref> killing or injuring dozens of residents on the day of October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW.<ref>[http://hrw.org/english/docs/1999/11/04/russia1965.htm Many Civilians Killed in Samashki Village, Chechnya], [[Human Rights Watch]], November 4, 1999</ref> At the time, the deputy commander of the [[North Caucasus Military District]] announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki,<ref name="terror" /> but a report for the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British parliament]] claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war.<ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP00-14.pdf The Conflict in Chechnya], [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], 2000</ref>
Samashki was founded in 1851,<ref>{{cite web |title=Основные сведения о Терской области. ч.3 |url=http://stavkomarchiv.ru/userfiles/file/%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%A1/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F.pdf}}</ref> as a part of the Sunzhensky Cossack line, on the site of the destroyed Chechen village of Lower Samashki.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417273 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1860 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1860 |edition=15th |location=Tiflis |language=ru |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1860 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320231422/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417273 |archive-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> In 1920, the entire Cossack population of the village was evicted by order of [[Sergo Ordzhonikidze]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ПРИКАЗ № 01721 оп - ЛЕТКА |url=http://xn--80ajpc0b.xn--p1ai/repressii-i-raskazachivanie/prikaz-01721-op1#sdfootnote1sym |website=xn--80ajpc0b.xn--p1ai}}</ref> The village was then given back to the Chechens, who repopulated it.

In 1944, after the [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush|genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people]] and the abolition of the [[Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Chechen-Ingush ASSR]], the village of Samashki was renamed and settled by people from other ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite web |title=Потери вооруженных сил России и СССР в вооруженных конфликтах на Северном Кавказе (1920–2000 годы) |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0211/analit01.php |website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref> From 1944 to 1957, it was a part of the Novoselsky District of [[Grozny Oblast]].

In 1958, after the Vainakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old name, Samashki.<ref>{{cite web |title=О восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР и упразднении Грозненской области |url=http://lawru.info/dok/1957/01/09/n1193134.htm |website=lawru.info |language=ru-RU}}</ref>
== Samashki in the Chechen Wars ==
⚫
During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities,<ref name="why">[https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,252669,00.html Chechen villagers ask, why us?], ''[[The Guardian]]'', November 17, 1999</ref> most notably in the notorious April 1995 incident known as [[Samashki massacre]] committed by the [[Internal Troops of Russia]] which resulted in the deaths of 100 to 300 civilians.

⚫
In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for civilian lives; according to [[Human Rights Watch]], Russian forces used civilians as a [[human shield]]s on [[Armoured personnel carrier|APCs]].<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/russia2/Russia-06.htm ACCOUNTABILITY By the Russian Side], [[Human Rights Watch]], 1997</ref> Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed as a result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks.<ref name="terror">[http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/3623.html##3 Russian bombardment sows terror in town], ''[[Boston Globe]]'', 13 November 1999</ref> The next month, Russian journalist [[Nadezhda Chaikova]], who had filmed the effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya.<ref>[http://www.cpj.org/deadly/1996_list.html Journalists Killed in 1996: 26 Confirmed], [[Committee to Protect Journalists]], December 31, 1996</ref>

⚫
A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the [[Second Chechen War]], despite the [[demilitarization]] of the village,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/543493.stm How war came to a Chechen village], [[BBC News]], 1 December 1999</ref> killing or injuring dozens of residents on October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW.<ref>[http://hrw.org/english/docs/1999/11/04/russia1965.htm Many Civilians Killed in Samashki Village, Chechnya], [[Human Rights Watch]], November 4, 1999</ref> At the time, the deputy commander of the [[North Caucasus Military District]] announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki,<ref name="terror" /> but a report for the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British parliament]] claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war.<ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP00-14.pdf The Conflict in Chechnya], [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], 2000</ref>


Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/770766.stm Top Russians killed in Chechnya], [[BBC News]], 31 May 2000</ref>
Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/770766.stm Top Russians killed in Chechnya], [[BBC News]], 31 May 2000</ref>


==Transportation==
== Population ==
* 1979 Census: 9,185
A railway line from [[Nazran]] to [[Grozny]] runs through Samashki. The [[Rostov]]&ndash;[[Baku]] [[Highway]], which connects Nazran, Grozny, and [[Gudermes]], lies four kilometers to the south of Samashki.
* 1990 Census: 9,945<ref>{{cite web |title=Наши издания - Архивное управление Правительства Чеченской Республики |url=http://arhiv-chr.ru/deyatelnost/nashi-izdaniya/category/5-nashi-izdaniya |website=arhiv-chr.ru}}</ref>
* 2002 Census: 10,824<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kashnitsky |first1=Ilya |title=Municipality level Russian Census data 2002 and 2010 |url=https://osf.io/cskmu/ |language=en |doi=10.17605/OSF.IO/CSKMU |date=11 April 2017}}</ref>
* 2010 Census: 11,275<ref>{{cite web |title=ВПН-2010 |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |website=www.gks.ru}}</ref>
* 2019 estimate: 12,597
*2021 estimate: 12,769<ref name=":0">{{cite book| author = Комитет Ставропольского края по делам архивов, Государственный архив Ставропольского края | chapter = Часть третья. Основные сведения о населённых пунктах| chapter-url = http://stavkomarchiv.ru/userfiles/file/%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%A1/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F.pdf| format = | url = http://stavkomarchiv.ru/deyatelnost/izdaniya-poslednikh-let/atd/ | title = Административно-территориальное устройство Ставрополья с конца XVIII века по 1920 год | orig-year = | agency = | edition = |location= Ставрополь |date = 2008 |publisher= ОАО «ИПФ „Ставрополье“» |at= |volume= | pages = | page = | series = | isbn = }}</ref>

According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Samashki (11,263 or 99.9%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.1%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds.

== Teips ==
Members of the following [[teip]]s (clans) live in Samashki:
* [[Nashkhoy (teip)|Nashkhoy]]
* [[Zandak (teip)|Zandak]]
* [[Sharoy (teip)|Sharoy]]
* [[Zumsoy (teip)|Zumsoy]]
* [[Terloy (teip)|Terloy]]
* [[Nuokhoy (teip)|Nuokhoy]]
* [[Galay (teip)|Galay]]
* [[Akkiy (teip)|Akkiy]]
* [[Keloy (teip)|Keloy]]
* [[Cheberloy (teip)|Cheberloy]]
* [[Dai (teip)|Dai]]
* [[Nizhloy (teip)|Nizhloy]]
* [[Gukhoy (teip)|Gukhoy]]
* [[Kesaloy (teip)|Kesaloy]]
* [[Khimoy (teip)|Khimoy]]
* [[Khakmadoy (teip)|Khakmadoy]]
* [[Shikaroy (teip)|Shikaroy]]
* [[Chanti (teip)|Chanti]]
* [[Buosoy (teip)|Buosoy]]

== Famous natives ==
* [[Lyoma Satuyev]], Honored Artist of the Chechen Republic, theater and film actor;
* [[Usman Dadayev]], tightrope walker, People's Artist of the Chechen Republic, Honored Artist of the Republic of Ingushetia;
* [[Mikhail Ivanyukov]], Hero of Socialist Labor;
* [[Prokofi Kalashnikov]], Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel, tanker;
* [[Shumisat Khazhmukhambetova]], sambo wrestler and judoka, champion of the USSR, silver medalist of the Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR, master of sports of the USSR in sambo and judo.

== Transportation ==
The [[R217 highway (Russia)|R217 federal highway "Caucasus"]] passes {{convert|4|km|mi}} south of the village. Also, a railway line from [[Nazran]] to [[Grozny]] passes through the village. Part of the village is located beyond the railway.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
⚫
[[Category:Rural localities in Chechnya]]

{{Rural localities in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫
[[Category:Rural localities in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]]

Revision as of 10:25, 10 January 2023

Samashki
Самашки
Other transcription(s)
 • ChechenСемаӀашка
Location of Samashki
Map
Samashki is located in Russia
Samashki
Samashki
Location of Samashki
Samashki is located in Chechnya
Samashki
Samashki
Samashki (Chechnya)
Coordinates: 43°17′26″N 45°18′5″E / 43.29056°N 45.30139°E / 43.29056; 45.30139
CountryRussia
Federal subjectChechnya
Founded1851Edit this on Wikidata
Elevation
235 m (771 ft)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2021)
12,769
 • Municipal districtAchkhoy-Martanovsky District
 • Rural settlementSamashkinskoye
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[1])
Postal code(s)[2]
366602
Dialing code(s)+7 87147
OKTMO ID96602425101

Samashki (Russian: Самашки; Chechen: СемаӀашка,[3] Semajaşka) is a rural locality (a selo) in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District, Chechnya. Samashki is the administrative center and only settlement of the Samashkinskoye rural settlement.[4] Its population was estimated at 12,769 in 2021.[5]

Geography

Map of Achkhoy-Martanovsky District with Samashki highlighted

Samashki is located on the left bank of the Sunzha River. It is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Achkhoy-Martan and 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the city of Grozny.

From the north, the hills of the Sunzhensky ridge reach the village, and from the south, the Samashki Forestry and the Sunzha River.

The nearest settlements to Samashki are Raduzhnoye to the north-east, Zakan-Yurt to the east, Novy Sharoy to the south, Davydenko to the south-west, and Sernovodskoye to the west.[6]

Name

The name of the village comes from the Chechen: Саь-Маӏашка, which translates roughly as "the place of deers".

History

Samashki was founded in 1851,[7] as a part of the Sunzhensky Cossack line, on the site of the destroyed Chechen village of Lower Samashki.[8] In 1920, the entire Cossack population of the village was evicted by order of Sergo Ordzhonikidze.[9] The village was then given back to the Chechens, who repopulated it.

In 1944, after the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people and the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, the village of Samashki was renamed and settled by people from other ethnic groups.[10] From 1944 to 1957, it was a part of the Novoselsky District of Grozny Oblast.

In 1958, after the Vainakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old name, Samashki.[11]

Samashki in the Chechen Wars

During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities,[12] most notably in the notorious April 1995 incident known as Samashki massacre committed by the Internal Troops of Russia which resulted in the deaths of 100 to 300 civilians.

In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for civilian lives; according to Human Rights Watch, Russian forces used civilians as a human shields on APCs.[13] Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed as a result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks.[14] The next month, Russian journalist Nadezhda Chaikova, who had filmed the effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya.[15]

A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the Second Chechen War, despite the demilitarization of the village,[16] killing or injuring dozens of residents on October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW.[17] At the time, the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki,[14] but a report for the British parliament claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war.[18]

Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000.[19]

Population

  • 1979 Census: 9,185
  • 1990 Census: 9,945[20]
  • 2002 Census: 10,824[21]
  • 2010 Census: 11,275[22]
  • 2019 estimate: 12,597
  • 2021 estimate: 12,769[5]

According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Samashki (11,263 or 99.9%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.1%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds.

Teips

Members of the following teips (clans) live in Samashki:

Famous natives

  • Lyoma Satuyev, Honored Artist of the Chechen Republic, theater and film actor;
  • Usman Dadayev, tightrope walker, People's Artist of the Chechen Republic, Honored Artist of the Republic of Ingushetia;
  • Mikhail Ivanyukov, Hero of Socialist Labor;
  • Prokofi Kalashnikov, Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel, tanker;
  • Shumisat Khazhmukhambetova, sambo wrestler and judoka, champion of the USSR, silver medalist of the Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR, master of sports of the USSR in sambo and judo.

Transportation

The R217 federal highway "Caucasus" passes 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village. Also, a railway line from Nazran to Grozny passes through the village. Part of the village is located beyond the railway.

References

  1. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  2. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  3. ^ "Ярташ". "Даймохк" газет (in Russian).
  4. ^ "Сельское поселение Самашкинское (Чеченская Республика)". www.bankgorodov.com.
  5. ^ a b Комитет Ставропольского края по делам архивов, Государственный архив Ставропольского края (2008). "Часть третья. Основные сведения о населённых пунктах" (PDF). Административно-территориальное устройство Ставрополья с конца XVIII века по 1920 год. Ставрополь: ОАО «ИПФ „Ставрополье“».
  6. ^ "Карта Чеченской республики подробная с районами, селами и городами. Схема и спутник онлайн". 1maps.ru.
  7. ^ "Основные сведения о Терской области. ч.3" (PDF).
  8. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1860 год [Caucasian calendar for 1860] (in Russian) (15th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1860. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019.
  9. ^ "ПРИКАЗ № 01721 оп - ЛЕТКА". xn--80ajpc0b.xn--p1ai.
  10. ^ "Потери вооруженных сил России и СССР в вооруженных конфликтах на Северном Кавказе (1920–2000 годы)". www.demoscope.ru.
  11. ^ "О восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР и упразднении Грозненской области". lawru.info (in Russian).
  12. ^ Chechen villagers ask, why us?, The Guardian, November 17, 1999
  13. ^ ACCOUNTABILITY By the Russian Side, Human Rights Watch, 1997
  14. ^ a b Russian bombardment sows terror in town, Boston Globe, 13 November 1999
  15. ^ Journalists Killed in 1996: 26 Confirmed, Committee to Protect Journalists, December 31, 1996
  16. ^ How war came to a Chechen village, BBC News, 1 December 1999
  17. ^ Many Civilians Killed in Samashki Village, Chechnya, Human Rights Watch, November 4, 1999
  18. ^ The Conflict in Chechnya, Parliament of the United Kingdom, 2000
  19. ^ Top Russians killed in Chechnya, BBC News, 31 May 2000
  20. ^ "Наши издания - Архивное управление Правительства Чеченской Республики". arhiv-chr.ru.
  21. ^ Kashnitsky, Ilya (11 April 2017). "Municipality level Russian Census data 2002 and 2010". doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/CSKMU. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ "ВПН-2010". www.gks.ru.
  • Media related to Samashki at Wikimedia Commons
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