French ironclad Redoutable: Difference between revisions

	Redoutable in her original configuration
History
France
Name	Redoutable
Builder	Arsenal de Lorient
Laid down	December 1872; 18 July 1873;
Launched	18 September 1876.
Commissioned	22 November 1878 for trials.; 31 December 1878 for service.; 8 February 1879;
Stricken	9 March 1910
Fate	Sold 17 August 1911 for 100,000 francs. 1912 broken up at Saigon.; Sold for demolition at Saigon 1913;
General characteristics
Type	Central-battery ironclad
Displacement	9,430 tonnes (9,280 long tons); 8,858.02 tonnes (8,718.12 long tons);
Length	95 m (311 ft 8 in) between perpendiculars; 100.7 m (330 ft 5 in) total;
Beam	19.76 m (64 ft 10 in)
Draft	7.8 m (26 ft)
Installed power	6,700 ihp (5,000 kW); 8 oval boilers ;
Propulsion	2 shafts, 2 horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engines
Sail plan	Square rig, sail area 2,033 square metres (21,880 sq ft); 2,700 square metres (29,000 sq ft).;
Speed	14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph) max speed on trials
Range	2,840 nautical miles at 10 knots (5,260 km at 19 km/h)
Complement	709
Armament	7 × 27cm Model 1875; 6 × 14cm Model 1870; 1 × 47mm; 12 × 37mm Hotchkiss revolving cannons; 4 × torpedo launchers;
Armour	Belt: 350 mm (13.8 in); Battery: 240–300 mm (9.4–11.8 in); Deck: 45–60 mm (1.8–2.4 in);

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Redoutable was a central battery and barbette ship of the French Navy. She was the first warship in the world to use steel as the principal building material.^[13] She was preceded by the Colbert-class ironclads and was succeeded by Dévastation-class.

Compared to iron, steel allowed for greater structural strength for a lower weight. France was the first country to manufacture steel in large quantities^{[citation needed]}, using the Siemens process. At that time, steel plates still had some defects, and the outer bottom plating of the ship was made of wrought iron.

All-steel warships were later built by the Royal Navy, with the dispatch vessels Iris and Mercury, laid down in 1875–1876.

Construction

Contemporary description in Scientific American

The Redoutable is built partly of iron and partly of steel and is similar in many respects to the ironclads Devastation and Courbet of the same fleet, although rather smaller. She is completely belted with 14 in [360 mm] armour, with a 15 in [380 mm] backing, and has the central battery armoured with plates of 9½ in [240 mm] in thickness.
The engines are two in number, horizontal, and of the compound two cylinder type, developing a horsepower of 6,071 [4.527 MW], which on the trial trip gave a speed of 14.66 knots. Five hundred and ten tons of coal are carried in the bunkers, which at a speed of 10 knots should enable the ship to make a voyage of 2,800 nautical miles [5,200 km]. Torpedo defense netting is fitted, and there are three masts with military tops carrying Hotchkiss revolver machine guns.

The offensive power of the ship consists of seven breechloading rifled guns of 27 centimeters (10.63 in.), and weighing 24 tons each, six breechloading rifled guns of 14 centimeters (5.51 in.), and quick-firing and machine guns of the Hotchkiss systems. There are in addition four torpedo discharge tubes, two on each side of the ship.^[14]

The positions of the guns are as follows: Four of 27 centimeters in the central battery, two on each broadside; three 27 centimeter guns on the upper deck in barbettes, one on each side amidships, and one aft. The 14 centimeter guns are in various positions on the broadsides, and the machine guns are fitted on deck, on the bridges, and in the military tops, four of them also being mounted on what is rather a novelty in naval construction, a gallery running round the outside of the funnel, which was fitted when the ship was under repairs some months ago. There are three electric light projectors, one forward on the upper deck, one on the bridge just forward of the funnel, and one in the mizzen top.^[14]

Crew

Full complement: 30 officers + 679 ratings.^[8]

Trials or 1st category reserve: 8 officers + 371 ratings.^[8]

2nd category reserve: 5 officers + 139 ratings.^[8]

3rd category reserve: 0 officers + 27 ratings.^[8]

Service

Redoutable formed part of the French Mediterranean squadron.

Redoutable was present during the negotiation of the Boxer Protocol, a treaty signed on 7 September 1901 with China.

Commanding officers of the Redoutable

Date	Commanding Officer
1879	Captain Rallier^[15]
1881	Captain Behic^[15]
1883	Captain de Boissondy^[15]
1885	Captain de Slane^[15]
1887	Captain de Libran^[15]
1889	Captain Dieulouard^[15]
1892	Captain Chateauminois^[15]
1894	Captain Billard^[15]
1896	Captain Mallarmé^[15]
5 September 1898	Captain Esmez^[15]
21 July 1900	Captain Neny^[15]
3 December 1901	Captain Duroch^[15]
15 October 1903	Captain Poidloue^[15]
1906	Captain Passerat de Sillans^[15]
5 December 1907	Captain Drouet^[15]
1909	Lieutenant Arnauld*^[15]

Lieutenant Arnauld was the director of movements of the port of Saigon, and commander of the naval auxiliaries and naval barracks.^[15]

Redoutable in dry dock
Redoutable in Brest, 1882
Barbette of the Redoutable, around 1890(?)
Barbette of the Redoutable
Original configuration
Dismantling of Redoutable in Toulon, 1912

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Roche, Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française, p417.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.
^ ^a ^b ^c Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part III, Warship International, No 1, 1995, p22.
^
Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p35.
- Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p42.
^
Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p18 & 38.
- Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d
Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p18.
- Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p21.
^ Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p18.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p38-9.
^ Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part III, Warship International, No 1, 1995, p28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p40.
^ Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part II, Warship International, No 2, 1994, p126.
^ Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part III, Warship International, No 1, 1995, p26.
^ Conway Marine, 'Steam, Steel, and Shellfire"
^ ^a ^b Scientific American 1881
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p 56.

Bibliography

Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1992). Steam, Steel and Shellfire: the Steam Warship 1815-1905. Conway's History of the Ship. France: Conway Marine Édition. ISBN 2-909675-16-5.
Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
Roche, Jean-Michel. Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française, Tome II (1870-2006) (December 2005 ed.). Levallois-Perret, France: Netmarine.
Saibene, Marc (1995). Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872. Bourg en Bresse, France: Marine Édition Press. ISBN 2-909675-16-5.
Saibene, Mark (1994–1995). "The Redoubtable, Parts I-III". Warship International. XXXI–XXXII (1, 2, 1). Toledo, Ohio: International Naval Research Organization: 15–45, 117–139, 10–37. ISSN 0043-0374.

In pop culture

The_Rebel_(2007_film) - shown in a postcard early in the film

External links

[dictionary-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Roche, Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française, p417.

[datep19-2] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.

[endoflife-3] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part III, Warship International, No 1, 1995, p22.

[4] Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p35.
Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p42.

[5] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p42.

[displacement-5] Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p18 & 38.
Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.

[7] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.

[dimensions-6] Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p18.
Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p21.

[9] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p21.

[7] Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p18.

[crew-8] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p38-9.

[9] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part III, Warship International, No 1, 1995, p28.

[weapons-10] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part I, Warship International, No 1, 1994, p40.

[11] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part II, Warship International, No 2, 1994, p126.

[12] Saibène, The Redoubtable, Part III, Warship International, No 1, 1995, p26.

[conway-13] Conway Marine, 'Steam, Steel, and Shellfire"

[ScientificAmerican1881-14] Scientific American 1881

[SaibeneBookp56-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Saibène, Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872, p 56.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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[4]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Otherships|French ship Redoutable}}
+{{Other ships|French ship Redoutable}}
 {|{{Infobox ship begin}}
 {{Infobox ship image
-|Ship image=[[Image:LeRedoutablePhoto.jpg|300px|]]
+|Ship image=File:French ironclad Redoutable NH 74893.jpeg
-|Ship caption=''Redoutable'' in 1890
+|Ship caption=''Redoutable'' in her original configuration
 }}
-{{Infobox Ship Career
+{{Infobox ship career
 |Hide header=
 |Ship country=France
 |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|France|naval}}
-|Ship name=Redoubtable
+|Ship name=''Redoutable''
-|Ship namesake=
 |Ship ordered=
 |Ship awarded=
-|Ship builder=[[Lorient]], France<ref name=dictionary>Roche, ''Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française'', p417.</ref>
+|Ship builder=[[Arsenal de Lorient]]<ref name=dictionary>Roche, ''Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française'', p417.</ref>
+|Preceded by=[[Colbert-class ironclad]]
 |Ship original cost=
 |Ship yard number=
 |Ship way number=
-|Ship laid down=December 1872<ref name=datep19>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.</ref><br>18 July 1873<ref name=dictionary/>
+|Ship laid down=*December 1872<ref name=datep19>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.</ref>
+*18 July 1873<ref name=dictionary/>
 |Ship launched=18 September 1876.<ref name=dictionary/><ref name=datep19/>
 |Ship sponsor=
 |Ship christened=
 |Ship completed=
+|Ship commissioned=*22 November 1878 for trials.<ref name=datep19/>
-|Ship acquired=
-|Ship commissioned=22 November 1878 for trials.<ref name=datep19/><br>31 December 1878 for service.<ref name=datep19/><br>8 February 1879<ref name=dictionary/>
+*31 December 1878 for service.<ref name=datep19/>
+*8 February 1879<ref name=dictionary/>
 |Ship recommissioned=
 |Ship decommissioned=
@@ Line 35: / Line 37: @@
 |Ship motto=
 |Ship nickname=
-|Ship fate=Sold 17 August 1911 for 100,000 francs.<ref name=endoflife/> 1912 broken up at Saigon.<ref name=endoflife/><br>Sold for demolition at Saigon 1913<ref name=dictionary/>
+|Ship fate=*Sold 17 August 1911 for 100,000 francs.<ref name=endoflife/> 1912 broken up at Saigon.<ref name=endoflife/>
+*Sold for demolition at Saigon 1913<ref name=dictionary/>
-|Ship status=
 |Ship notes=
 |Ship badge=
@@ Line 44: / Line 46: @@
 |Header caption=
 |Ship class=
-|Ship type=[[Central battery ship|Central battery ironclad]]
+|Ship type=[[Central battery ship|Central-battery ironclad]]
-|Ship displacement={{convert|9430|t|LT|lk=out}}<ref name=dictionary/><br>{{convert|8858.02|t|LT|lk=out}}<ref name=displacement>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p18 & 38.<br>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.</ref>
+|Ship displacement=*{{convert|9430|t|LT|lk=out}}<ref name=dictionary/>
+*{{convert|8858.02|t|LT|lk=out}}<ref name=displacement>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p18 & 38.
+*Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p19.</ref>
-|Ship length={{convert|95|m|ftin|abbr=on}} between perpendiculars<ref name=dimensions/><br>{{convert|100.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} total<ref name=dimensions>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p18.<br>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p21.</ref>
+|Ship length=*{{convert|95|m|ftin|abbr=on}} between perpendiculars<ref name=dimensions/>
+*{{convert|100.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} total<ref name=dimensions>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p18.
+*Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p21.</ref>
 |Ship beam={{convert|19.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=dimensions/>
 |Ship draft={{convert|7.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=dimensions/>
-|Ship power={{convert|6700|ihp|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name=dictionary/>
+|Ship power=*{{convert|6700|ihp|kW|abbr=on}}
-|Ship propulsion=2 shafts, 2 [[Marine steam engine#Back acting|Horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engines]]<br />8 oval [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s
+*8 oval [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s <ref name=dictionary/>
+|Ship propulsion=2 shafts, 2 [[Marine steam engine#Back acting|horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engines]]
 |Ship speed={{convert|14.5|kn|lk=in}} max speed on trials<ref>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part III'', Warship International, No 1, 1995, p26.</ref>
-|Ship range=2,840 nautical miles at 10 knots (5,260 km at 19 km/h)<ref>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p35.<br>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p42.</ref>
+|Ship range=*2,840 nautical miles at 10 knots (5,260 km at 19 km/h)<ref>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p35.
+*Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p42.</ref>
-|Ship sail plan=Three masts and bowsprit, square rig, sail area {{convert|2033|sqm|sqft}}<ref>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p18.</ref><br>{{convert|2700|sqm|sqft}}.<ref name=dictionary/>
+|Ship sail plan=*Square rig, sail area {{convert|2033|sqm|sqft}}<ref>Saibène, ''Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872'', p18.</ref>
+*{{convert|2700|sqm|sqft}}.<ref name=dictionary/>
 |Ship complement=709<ref name=crew>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p38-9.</ref>
-|Ship armament=7 x 27cm Model 1875<ref>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part III'', Warship International, No 1, 1995, p28.</ref> <br> 6 x 14cm<ref name=weapons/> Model 1870<ref>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part II'', Warship International, No 2, 1994, p126.</ref><br> 1 x 47mm<ref name=weapons/><br>12 x 37mm Hotchkiss revolving cannons<ref name=weapons>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p40.</ref><br>4 x torpedo launchers<ref name=weapons/>
+|Ship armament=*7 × 27cm Model 1875<ref>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part III'', Warship International, No 1, 1995, p28.</ref>
+*6 × 14cm<ref name=weapons/> Model 1870<ref>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part II'', Warship International, No 2, 1994, p126.</ref>
+*1 × 47mm<ref name=weapons/>
+*12 × 37mm Hotchkiss revolving cannons<ref name=weapons>Saibène, ''The Redoubtable, Part I'', Warship International, No 1, 1994, p40.</ref>
+*4 × torpedo launchers<ref name=weapons/>
-|Ship armour=[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convert|350|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}<br/>[[Artillery battery#Naval usage|Battery]]: {{convert|240|-|300|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}<br />[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|45|-|60|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}
+|Ship armour=*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convert|350|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}
+*[[Artillery battery#Naval usage|Battery]]: {{convert|240|-|300|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}
+*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|45|-|60|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}
 |Ship notes=
 }}
 |}
-'''''Redoutable''''' (1876) was a central battery and [[barbette]] ship of the [[French Navy]]. She was the first warship in the world to use [[steel]] as the principal building material.<ref name="conway">Conway Marine, 'Steam, Steel, and Shellfire"</ref>
+'''''Redoutable''''' was a central battery and [[barbette]] ship of the [[French Navy]]. She was the first warship in the world to use [[steel]] as the principal building material.<ref name="conway">Conway Marine, 'Steam, Steel, and Shellfire"</ref> She was preceded by the [[Colbert-class ironclad|''Colbert''-class]] ironclads and was succeeded by [[Dévastation-class ironclad|''Dévastation''-class]].
-Compared to [[iron]], steel allowed for greater structural strength for a lower weight. [[France]] was the first country to manufacture steel in large quantities, using the [[Carl Wilhelm Siemens|Siemens]] process. At that time, steel plates still had some defects, and the outer bottom plating of the ship was made of [[wrought iron]].
+Compared to [[iron]], steel allowed for greater structural strength for a lower weight. [[France]] was the first country to manufacture steel in large quantities{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}, using the [[Open hearth furnace#History|Siemens process]]. At that time, steel plates still had some defects, and the outer bottom plating of the ship was made of [[wrought iron]].
-All-steel warships were later built by the [[Royal Navy]], with the dispatch vessels ''[[HMS Iris (1877)|Iris]]'' and ''[[HMS Mercury (1878)|Mercury]]'', laid down in 1875-1876.
+All-steel warships were later built by the [[Royal Navy]], with the dispatch vessels ''[[HMS Iris (1877)|Iris]]'' and ''[[HMS Mercury (1878)|Mercury]]'', laid down in 1875–1876.
 ==Construction==
 ===Contemporary description in ''Scientific American''===
@@ Line 91: / Line 107: @@
 ''Redoutable'' formed part of the French Mediterranean squadron.
-''Redoutable'' was present during the negotiation of the [[Boxer Protocol]], a treaty signed on 7 September 1901 with [[China]].
+''Redoutable'' was present during the negotiation of the [[Boxer Protocol]], a treaty signed on 7 September 1901 with [[Qing dynasty|China]].
 ==Commanding officers of the ''Redoutable''==
@@ Line 151: / Line 167: @@
 <gallery>
 File:Redoutable-Neurdein img 3132.jpg|''Redoutable'' in dry dock
+File:Le Redoutable au port de Brest (James Jackson, 1882) cropped.jpg|''Redoutable'' in Brest, 1882
 Image:Redoutable-barbette.jpg|[[Barbette]] of the ''Redoutable'', around 1890(?)
+File:Canon_27cm_modèle_1875_modifié-Neurdein-img_3123.jpg|Barbette of the ''Redoutable''
 Image:Redoutable 1876.png|Original configuration
 File:Redoutable in Toulon-Agence Rol-1.jpeg|Dismantling of ''Redoutable'' in Toulon, 1912
 </gallery>
-==See also==
-*For other ships of the name, see [[French ship Redoutable]].
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{reflist|30em}}
-*{{cite book|last=Saibene|first=Marc|title=Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872|publisher=Marine Édition Press|location=Bourg en Bresse, France|isbn=2-909675-16-5}}
+==Bibliography==
-*{{cite book|last=Roche|first=Jean-Michel|title=Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française, Tome II (1870-2006)|edition=December 2005|publisher=Netmarine|location=Levallois-Perret, France|isbn=}}
 *{{cite book|editor=Gardiner, Robert|title=Steam, Steel and Shellfire: the Steam Warship 1815-1905|series=Conway's History of the Ship|year=1992|publisher=Conway Marine Édition|location=France|ISBN= 2-909675-16-5}}
+* {{cite book
-*{{cite journal|last=Saibene|first=Mark|date=1994–95|title=The Redoubtable, Parts I-III|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|location=Toledo, OH|volume=XXXI–XXXII|issue=1, 2, 1|pages=15–45, 117–39, 10–37|issn=0043-0374}}
+  |last=Roberts
+  |first=Stephen
+  |title=French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914
+  |year=2021
+  |location=Barnsley
+  |publisher=Seaforth
+  |isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0
+  |ref={{sfnref|Roberts}}
+  }}
+*{{cite book|last=Roche|first=Jean-Michel|title=Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française, Tome II (1870-2006)|edition=December 2005|publisher=Netmarine|location=Levallois-Perret, France}}
+*{{cite book|last=Saibene|first=Marc|title=Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872|publisher=Marine Édition Press|location=Bourg en Bresse, France|isbn=2-909675-16-5|year=1995}}
+*{{cite journal|last=Saibene|first=Mark|date=1994–1995|title=The Redoubtable, Parts I-III|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|location=Toledo, Ohio|volume=XXXI–XXXII|issue=1, 2, 1|pages=15–45, 117–139, 10–37|issn=0043-0374}}
+== In pop culture ==
+* [[The_Rebel_(2007_film)]] - shown in a postcard early in the film
 ==External links==
@@ Line 172: / Line 205: @@
 {{French ironclads}}
-{{Groundbreaking French weapons of the 19th century}}
+{{French weapons of the 19th century}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Redoutable}}
 [[Category:Ships built in France]]
 [[Category:1876 ships]]
-[[Category:Victorian-era battleships of France]]
-[[Category:Battleships of the French Navy]]
 [[Category:Ironclad warships of the French Navy]]

v t e Ironclad warships of France
Broadside ironclads	Gloire Couronne^S Magenta Provence Belliqueuse^S
Central battery ironclads	Alma Océan Friedland^S La Galissonnière Richelieu^S Colbert Redoutable^S Dévastation
Barbette ironclads	Amiral Duperré^S Bayard Vauban Terrible Amiral Baudin Hoche^S Marceau Charles Martel^X
Casemate ironclads	Rochambeau^S
Coastal defense ironclads	Taureau^S Onondaga^S Cerbère Tonnerre Tempête Tonnant^S Furieux^S Jemmapes Bouvines Henri IV^S
Large armoured gunboats	Fusée Achéron
Floating batteries	Dévastation Palestro Arrogante Embuscade
S Single ship of class X Cancelled

v t e French weapons of the 19th century
Small arms	Delvigne rifle (1826) Thouvenin Carabine à tige (1846) Lefaucheux M1858 revolver Minié rifle (1849) Tabatière rifle (1864) Chassepot rifle (1866) Gras rifle (1874) Lebel rifle (1886) Modèle 1892 revolver
Machine guns	Reffye mitrailleuse (1866) Hotchkiss "Canon-Revolver" (1872) Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895) Mle 1897 Hotchkiss Machine gun (1897)
Cannons	Year XI system (1803) Paixhans gun (1823) Valée system (1828) Canon obusier de 12 (1853) La Hitte system (1858) Reffye 85 mm (1870) Reffye 75 mm (1873) Lahitolle 95 mm (1873) de Bange 80 mm (1877) de Bange 90 mm (1877) Canet 320 mm (1880) Canon de 75 (1897)
Warships	Steam battleship Napoléon (1850) Ironclad floating battery Lave (1854) Ironclad Gloire (1858) Mechanical powered submarine Plongeur (1863) Steel battleship Redoutable (1876) Armoured cruiser Dupuy de Lôme (1890) Electrical submarine Gymnote (1888)
Ammunition	Lepage fulminate (1807–10) Pauly-Prélat integrated cartridge (1808) Prélat percussion cap (1818) Lefaucheux cartridge (1836) Tamisier ball (1841) Minié ball (1847) 8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886)
Systems	Lepage percussion system (1807) Marié-Davy naval periscope (1854) De Bange breech obturator (1872) Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876) Krebs naval electric gyrocompass (1880) Smokeless powder Poudre B (1886)
Operational usage	Napoleonic Wars French Intervention in Spain French conquest of Algeria Crimean War Second Italian War of Independence French Intervention in Mexico French weapons in the American Civil War Franco-Prussian War Tonkin Campaign Sino-French War