List of military attachés and war correspondents in World War I: Difference between revisions
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This is a '''list of military attachés and war correspondents in the First World War.''' |
This is a '''list of military attachés and war correspondents in the First World War.''' |
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{{split|List of military attachés in World War I|List of war correspondents in World War I|date=March 2022}} |
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==Overview== |
==Overview== |
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{{Main|First World War}} |
{{Main|First World War|List of military attachés in World War I}} |
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The multi-national [[military attaché]]s and observers who took part in the [[First World War]] were expressly engaged in collecting data and analyzing the interplay between tactics, strategy, and technical advances in weapons and machines of modern warfare.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} |
The multi-national [[military attaché]]s and observers who took part in the [[First World War]] were expressly engaged in collecting data and analyzing the interplay between tactics, strategy, and technical advances in weapons and machines of modern warfare.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} |
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Military and civilian observers from every major power closely followed the course of the war. Most were able to report on events from a perspective somewhat like what is now termed "[[embedded journalist|embedded]]" positions within the land and naval forces of both sides. These military attachés, naval attachés and other observers prepared voluminous first-hand accounts of the war and analytical papers. In-depth observer narratives of the war and more narrowly focused professional journal articles were written soon after the war; and these post-war reports conclusively illustrated the battlefield destructiveness of this conflict. |
Military and civilian observers from every major power closely followed the course of the war. Most were able to report on events from a perspective somewhat like what is now termed "[[embedded journalist|embedded]]" positions within the land and naval forces of both sides. These military attachés, naval attachés and other observers prepared voluminous first-hand accounts of the war and analytical papers. In-depth observer narratives of the war and more narrowly focused professional journal articles were written soon after the war; and these post-war reports conclusively illustrated the battlefield destructiveness of this conflict. |
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The functions of a military attaché are illustrated by the American military attachés in Japan during the war years. A series of military officers had been assigned to the American diplomatic mission in Tokyo since 1901 when the US and Japan were co-operating closely in response to the Boxer Rebellion in China. The military attaché advised the [[United States Ambassador to Japan]] on military matters, acted as a liaison between [[US Army]] and the [[Imperial General Headquarters]], and gathered and disseminated intelligence. The military attaché's office in Tokyo usually had two assistants and a number of "language officers" who were assigned specifically to learn Japanese whilst attached to [[Japanese Imperial Army]] regiments as observers. These "language officers" translated training and technical manuals and reported on conditions in Japanese military units.<ref>Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London: [http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=2651&inst_id=21 US Military Intelligence Reports, Japan, Context]</ref> |
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==Selected military attachés serving with Entente powers== |
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{{dynamic list}} |
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===Russia=== |
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* [[Nakajima Masatake]], Japan (1915).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savliev |first1=Igor |last2=Pestushko |first2=Yuri S. |title=Dangerous Rapprochement Russia and Japan in the First World War, 1914-1916 |journal=Acta Salvica Iaponica |date=2001 |volume=18 |issue=19–41 |pages=26n33 |doi= |url=http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=d6cfc541-da02-4597-881c-d8f1ffde8e0a |access-date= |via=Central and Eastern European Online Library}}</ref> |
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* [[Mitsumasa Yonai]], Japan (1915).<ref>{{cite web |title=Mitsumasa Yonai |url=http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=353 |website=WW2DB |publisher=WWII Database |access-date=}}</ref> |
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===France=== |
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* [[James Lawton Collins|James Collins]], US (1917).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Venzon |first1=Anne Cipriano |last2=Miles |first2=Paul L. |last3=Publishing |first3=Garland |title=The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia |date=1995 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-8240-7055-7 |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UFp5uYXA7gC&dq=japan+military+attache+first+world+war&pg=RA2-PA318-IA4 |access-date= |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=154}} |
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===United Kingdom=== |
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* [[Arne Dagfin Dahl]], Norway (1916-1919).<ref name=barth103>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Barth |editor-first=Bjarne Keyser |editor-link=Bjarne Keyser Barth |encyclopedia=Norges militære embedsmenn 1929 |title=Dahl, A. D. |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/f7b5a0cd69fb1d6ef5d5df633e0279e6?index=0 |edition= |year=1930 |publisher=A. M. Hanche |volume= |location=Oslo |id= |isbn= |doi= |page=103 |quote= |language=Norwegian }}</ref> |
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* [[Teijiro Toyoda]], Japan (1914).<ref name="records">Japan Center for Asian Historical Records: [http://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichibei/person/index.html "US-Japan War Talks," key figures.]</ref> |
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* Nicholas Alexandrovich Wolkoff, Russia (1913-1919)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicholas Alexandrovich Wolkoff |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33098706/nicholas-alexandrovich-wolkoff |website=Find a Grave |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> |
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===United States=== |
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* Lieutenant Colonel [[Karl F. Baldwin]], Japan (1917–1919).<ref>Stringer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0MYLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&lpg=PA466&dq=japan+military+attache+first+world+war&source=web&ots=8WptiGYqwI&sig=30sbrGURkIWs_PL6mtFa1DAws5I&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA435,M1 p. 435.]</ref> |
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* Lieutenant Colonel Halsey E. Yates, Romania (1916-1920).{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} |
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* Lieutenant Colonel James A. Ruggles, Russia (1918).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1918Russiav01/persons#p_RLCJA1|title=Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918, Russia, Volume I - Office of the Historian|website=history.state.gov}}</ref> |
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===Japan=== |
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* [[Kichisaburo Nomura]], Japan (1914–1918).<ref name="records"/> |
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* Major-General [[Katsusugu Iouye]], Japan (1917–1919); awarded [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]].<ref name="stringer466">Stringer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0MYLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&lpg=PA466&dq=japan+military+attache+first+world+war&source=web&ots=8WptiGYqwI&sig=30sbrGURkIWs_PL6mtFa1DAws5I&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA466,M1 p. 466.]</ref> |
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* Lieutenant Colonel [[T. Mizumachi]], Japan (1917–1919); awarded [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]].<ref name="stringer466"/> |
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* Captain [[Hsiao Watari]], Japan (1917–1919); awarded [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]].<ref name="stringer466"/> |
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===Belgium=== |
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* [[Arne Dagfin Dahl]], Norway (1917-1919).<ref name=barth103/> |
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==Selected military attachés serving with Central powers== |
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{{dynamic list}} |
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===Germany=== |
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* [[Joseph Ernest Kuhn]], US (1915–1916).<ref>Venzon, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5UFp5uYXA7gC&pg=RA2-PA318-IA4&lpg=RA2-PA318-IA4&dq=japan+military+attache+first+world+war&source=web&ots=Kvu9sbEttg&sig=9SlWVBG2CG-3_bkNQcOuxvT4Wg4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result p. 318.]</ref> |
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===Ottoman Empire=== |
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*[[Lt. Col. R.H. Williams]] |
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==War correspondents== |
==War correspondents== |
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Latest revision as of 18:26, 12 March 2022
This is a list of military attachés and war correspondents in the First World War.
Overview
[edit]The multi-national military attachés and observers who took part in the First World War were expressly engaged in collecting data and analyzing the interplay between tactics, strategy, and technical advances in weapons and machines of modern warfare.[citation needed]
Military and civilian observers from every major power closely followed the course of the war. Most were able to report on events from a perspective somewhat like what is now termed "embedded" positions within the land and naval forces of both sides. These military attachés, naval attachés and other observers prepared voluminous first-hand accounts of the war and analytical papers. In-depth observer narratives of the war and more narrowly focused professional journal articles were written soon after the war; and these post-war reports conclusively illustrated the battlefield destructiveness of this conflict.
War correspondents
[edit].jpg)
Press coverage of the war was affected by restrictions on the movement of non-combatant observers and strict censorship. This raises the question of the role the media plays in selecting news about such conflicts. Events which support the position of either one of the protagonists in a conflict are understood as instrumental factors in the modern mediated conflict, and the publication of information on these events is construed as one of the major goals of the conflicting parties and one important activity of journalists.[1]
See also
[edit]- List of participants to Paris Peace Conference, 1919
- Military attachés and observers in the Russo-Japanese War
- United Nations Military Observer
Notes
[edit]- ^ Kepplinger, Hans Mathias et al. "Instrumental Actualization: A Theory of Mediated Conflicts," European Journal of Communication, Vol. 6, No. 3, 263-290 (1991).
References
[edit]- Kepplinger, Hans Mathias; Brosius, Hans-Bernd; Staab, Joachim Friedrich (September 1991). "Instrumental Actualization: A Theory of Mediated Conflicts". European Journal of Communication. 6 (3): 263–290. doi:10.1177/0267323191006003002. ISSN 0020-2754. JSTOR 3650646. S2CID 145150113.
- Strachan, Hew (2001). The First World War: To Arms. Vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.
- Stringer, Harry R. (1919). Heroes All!: A Compendium of the Names and Official Citations of the Soldiers and Citizens of the United States and of Her Allies who Were Decorated by the American Government for Exceptional Heroism and Conspicuous Service Above and Beyond the Call of Duty in the War with Germany, 1917-1919. Fassett Publishing Company. OCLC 394536.
Further reading
[edit]- Luckhart, Tim. "War Correspondents". encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1).