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{{Infobox religious building |
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[[Image:Gremi.jpg|thumb|300px|Gremi castle and the Church of the Archangels]] |
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| building_name = Gremi <br/> გრემი |
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| ⚫ | '''Gremi''' ({{lang-ka|გრემი}}) is a 16th-century architectural monument – the royal citadel and the Church of the [[Archangels]] – in [[Kakheti]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. The complex is what has survived from the once flourishing town of Gremi and is located |
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| image = Kakheti 15465 (9124094644).jpg |
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| image_size = 350 px |
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| alt = |
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| caption = Gremi |
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| map_type = Georgia |
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| map_size = 275 |
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| location = [[Kakheti]] Province ([[Mkhare]]), {{flag|Georgia}} |
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| coordinates = {{coord|42.002047|45.660031|display=inline,title}} |
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| religious_affiliation = [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] |
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| rite = |
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| region = [[Caucasus]] |
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| architecture = yes |
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| founded_by = [[Levan of Kakheti]] |
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| year_completed = 1565–1577 |
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| ⚫ | '''Gremi''' ({{lang-ka|გრემი}}) is a 16th-century architectural monument – the royal citadel and the Church of the [[Archangels]] – in [[Kakheti]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. The complex is what has survived from the once flourishing town of Gremi and is located southwest of the present-day village of the same name in the [[Qvareli|Kvareli district]], 115 kilometers east of [[Tbilisi]], capital of Georgia. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Levan of Kakheti, Philotheou fresco.jpg|thumb|left|[[Levan of Kakheti|King Levan]], who commissioned Gremi]] |
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Gremi was the capital of the [[Kingdom of Kakheti]] in the 16th and 17th centuries. Founded by [[Levan of Kakheti]], it functioned as a lively trading town on the [[Silk Road]] and royal residence until being razed to the ground by the armies of Shah [[Abbas I of Persia]] in 1615. The town never regained its past prosperity and the [[List of sovereigns of Kakheti|kings of Kakheti]] transferred their capital to [[Telavi]] in the mid-17th century. |
Gremi was the capital of the [[Kingdom of Kakheti]] in the 16th and 17th centuries. Founded by [[Levan of Kakheti]], it functioned as a lively trading town on the [[Silk Road]] and royal residence until being razed to the ground by the armies of Shah [[Abbas I of Persia]] in 1615. The town never regained its past prosperity and the [[List of sovereigns of Kakheti|kings of Kakheti]] transferred their capital to [[Telavi]] in the mid-17th century. |
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The town appears to have occupied the area of approximately 40 [[hectare]]s and to have been composed of three principal parts – the Archangels’ Church complex, the royal residence and the commercial neighborhood. Systematic archaeological studies of the area guided by A. Mamulashvili and P. Zak’araia were carried out in 1939-1949 and 1963-1967, respectively. Since 2007, the monuments of Gremi have been proposed for inclusion into the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s. |
The town appears to have occupied the area of approximately 40 [[hectare]]s and to have been composed of three principal parts – the Archangels’ Church complex, the royal residence and the commercial neighborhood. Systematic archaeological studies of the area guided by A. Mamulashvili and P. Zak’araia were carried out in 1939-1949 and 1963-1967, respectively. Since 2007, the monuments of Gremi have been proposed for inclusion into the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s. |
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==Architecture== |
==Architecture== |
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The Archangels’ Church complex is located on a hill and composed of the Church of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel itself, a three-story [[castle]], a [[bell tower]] and a wine cellar (''marani''). It is encircled by a wall secured by [[embrasure]]s, [[turret]]s and [[tower]]s. Remains of the [[secret tunnel]] leading to the Ints’obi River have also survived. |
The Archangels’ Church complex is located on a hill and composed of the Church of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel itself, a three-story [[castle]], a [[bell tower]] and a wine cellar (''marani''). It is encircled by a wall secured by [[embrasure]]s, [[Turret (architecture)|turret]]s and [[tower]]s. Remains of the [[secret tunnel]] leading to the Ints’obi River have also survived. |
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The Church of the Archangels was constructed at the behest of King [[Levan of Kakheti]] ([[reign|r.]] 1520–1574) in 1565 and frescoed by 1577. It is a cruciform domed church built chiefly of stone. Its design marries traditional Georgian masonry with a local interpretation of the contemporary [[Iranian architecture|Iranian]] architectural taste.<ref> |
The Church of the Archangels was constructed at the behest of King [[Levan of Kakheti]] ([[reign|r.]] 1520–1574) in 1565 and frescoed by 1577. It is a cruciform domed church built chiefly of stone. Its design marries traditional Georgian masonry with a local interpretation of the contemporary [[Iranian architecture|Iranian]] architectural taste.<ref>Kakha Khimshiashvili, [http://www.opentext.org.ge/art/treasure/ARCHIT~1.HTM A Short History of Georgian architecture] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040819080629/http://www.opentext.org.ge/art/treasure/archit~1.htm |date=2004-08-19 }}. Opentext.Ge. Accessed September 29, 2007.</ref> The building has three entrances, one facing west, one facing to the south, and the third facing to the north. The interior is crowned with a dome supported by the corners of the sanctuary and two basic piers. The [[façade]] is divided into three arched sections. The dome sits on an arcaded drum which is punctured by eight windows. |
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The bell-tower also houses a museum where several archaeological artifacts and the 16th-century cannon are displayed. The walls are adorned with a series of portraits of the kings of Kakheti by the modern Georgian painter Levan Chogoshvili (1985).<ref>[http://www.mcs.gov.ge/index.php?m=static&s=135 Gremi Museum]. Ministry of Culture, Monument Protection and Sports of Georgia. Accessed on September 29, 2007.</ref> |
The bell-tower also houses a museum where several archaeological artifacts and the 16th-century cannon are displayed. The walls are adorned with a series of portraits of the kings of Kakheti by the modern Georgian painter Levan Chogoshvili (1985).<ref>[http://www.mcs.gov.ge/index.php?m=static&s=135 Gremi Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726112034/http://www.mcs.gov.ge/index.php?m=static&s=135 |date=2011-07-26 }}. Ministry of Culture, Monument Protection and Sports of Georgia. Accessed on September 29, 2007.</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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*Rosen, Roger. ''Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus.'' Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong, 1999. ISBN |
*Rosen, Roger. ''Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus.'' Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong, 1999. {{ISBN|962-217-748-4}} |
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{{commonscat|Gremi}} |
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{{coord|42|00|N|45|39|E|region:GE_type:landmark|display=title}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Gremi}} |
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*[http://www.parliament.ge/~lika/ancient/gremi/gremi_about.htm Georgian government site] |
*[http://www.parliament.ge/~lika/ancient/gremi/gremi_about.htm Georgian government site] |
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*[ |
*[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5226/ UNESCO World Heritage Tentative Listing] |
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{{Georgian Churches}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Georgia (country)]] |
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[[Category:Churches in Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Churches in Georgia (country)]] |
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[[Category:Former populated places in the Caucasus]] |
[[Category:Former populated places in the Caucasus]] |
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[[Category:Religious buildings completed in 1577]] |
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1577]] |
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[[Category:16th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings]] |
[[Category:16th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kakheti]] |
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[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List]] |
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[[de:Gremi]] |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kakheti]] |
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[[fr:Gremi (Géorgie)]] |
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[[it:Gremi]] |
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[[ka:გრემი]] |
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[[pl:Gremi]] |
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[[ru:Греми]] |
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[[fi:Gremi]] |
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[[uk:Гремі (фортеця)]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:54, 31 January 2022
| Gremi გრემი | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Gremi | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Georgian Orthodox Church |
| Region | Caucasus |
| Location | |
| Location | Kakheti Province (Mkhare),  Georgia |
  Shown within Georgia | |
| Geographic coordinates | 42°00′07″N 45°39′36″E / 42.002047°N 45.660031°E |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | Levan of Kakheti |
| Completed | 1565–1577 |
Gremi (Georgian: გრემი) is a 16th-century architectural monument – the royal citadel and the Church of the Archangels – in Kakheti, Georgia. The complex is what has survived from the once flourishing town of Gremi and is located southwest of the present-day village of the same name in the Kvareli district, 115 kilometers east of Tbilisi, capital of Georgia.
History
[edit]
Gremi was the capital of the Kingdom of Kakheti in the 16th and 17th centuries. Founded by Levan of Kakheti, it functioned as a lively trading town on the Silk Road and royal residence until being razed to the ground by the armies of Shah Abbas I of Persia in 1615. The town never regained its past prosperity and the kings of Kakheti transferred their capital to Telavi in the mid-17th century.
The town appears to have occupied the area of approximately 40 hectares and to have been composed of three principal parts – the Archangels’ Church complex, the royal residence and the commercial neighborhood. Systematic archaeological studies of the area guided by A. Mamulashvili and P. Zak’araia were carried out in 1939-1949 and 1963-1967, respectively. Since 2007, the monuments of Gremi have been proposed for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Architecture
[edit]The Archangels’ Church complex is located on a hill and composed of the Church of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel itself, a three-story castle, a bell tower and a wine cellar (marani). It is encircled by a wall secured by embrasures, turrets and towers. Remains of the secret tunnel leading to the Ints’obi River have also survived.
The Church of the Archangels was constructed at the behest of King Levan of Kakheti (r. 1520–1574) in 1565 and frescoed by 1577. It is a cruciform domed church built chiefly of stone. Its design marries traditional Georgian masonry with a local interpretation of the contemporary Iranian architectural taste.[1] The building has three entrances, one facing west, one facing to the south, and the third facing to the north. The interior is crowned with a dome supported by the corners of the sanctuary and two basic piers. The façade is divided into three arched sections. The dome sits on an arcaded drum which is punctured by eight windows.
The bell-tower also houses a museum where several archaeological artifacts and the 16th-century cannon are displayed. The walls are adorned with a series of portraits of the kings of Kakheti by the modern Georgian painter Levan Chogoshvili (1985).[2]
References
[edit]- ^ Kakha Khimshiashvili, A Short History of Georgian architecture Archived 2004-08-19 at the Wayback Machine. Opentext.Ge. Accessed September 29, 2007.
- ^ Gremi Museum Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine. Ministry of Culture, Monument Protection and Sports of Georgia. Accessed on September 29, 2007.
- Rosen, Roger. Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus. Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong, 1999. ISBN 962-217-748-4
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gremi.
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
Categories:
- Archaeological sites in Georgia (country)
- Castles and forts in Georgia (country)
- Churches in Georgia (country)
- Former populated places in the Caucasus
- Religious buildings and structures completed in 1577
- 16th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings
- Buildings and structures in Kakheti
- World Heritage Tentative List
- Tourist attractions in Kakheti