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{{Short description|Genus of bivalves}}
{{otheruses|Ensis (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Ensis (disambiguation)}}

{{Automatic taxobox
----
{{Taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Ensis''
| image = Ensiskils.jpg
| image = Ensiskils.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_upright = 1.1
⚫
| image_caption = ''Ensis'' sp.
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| taxon = Ensis
| authority = [[Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher|Schumacher]], 1817&nbsp;<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite web |author=S. Gofas |year=2010 |title=''Ensis'' Schumacher, 1817 |editor=P. Bouchet, S. Gofas & G. Rosenberg |work=World Marine Mollusca database |publisher=[[World Register of Marine Species]] |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138333 |access-date=April 26, 2010}}</ref>
| classis = [[Bivalvia]]
| ordo = [[Veneroida]]
| familia = [[Solenidae]]
| genus = '''''Ensis'''''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
| subdivision = See text
}}
}}


'''''Ensis''''' is a [[genus]] of medium-sized edible saltwater [[clam]]s, [[Littoral zone|littoral]] [[bivalve]] [[mollusc]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Pharidae]]. ''Ensis'', or [[razor clam]]s, are known in much of [[Scotland]] as '''spoots''', for the spouts of water they eject while burrowing into the sand, when visible at low tide.<ref name="Breen">{{cite journal|last=Breen|first=Mike |author2=Trevor Howe |author3=Phil Copland|title=A REPORT ON ELECTRICAL FISHING FOR RAZOR CLAMS (ENSIS SP.) AND ITS LIKELY EFFECTS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT|journal=Marine Scotland Science Report 03/11|date=February 2011|page=11|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/295194/0113795.pdf|access-date=24 January 2014|publisher=Marine Scotland Science Marine Laboratory}}</ref> This term may also colloquially include members of the genus ''[[Solen (bivalve)|Solen]]''. ''[[Ensis magnus]]'' are known as '''bendies''' due to their slightly curved shell.
'''''Ensis''''' is a [[genus]] of medium-sized edible saltwater [[clam]]s, [[Littoral zone|littoral]] [[bivalve]] [[mollusk]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Solenidae]].


==Description==
In the USA, ''Ensis'' clams are usually{{vague}} called razor clams or jackknife clams.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} This is because the long, narrow, and parallel-sided shape of their shells is unusual in bivalves. The shape of these clams ressembles a closed, old-fashioned [[straight razor]] (a cut-throat razor), or a closed jackknife ([[pocket knife]]). The shells are fragile and can easily be damaged when digging for these clams.
The shells are long, narrow, and parallel-sided. This shape resembles a closed, old-fashioned [[straight razor]] (a cut-throat razor), or a closed jackknife ([[pocket knife]]) and sometimes these clams are known as razor shells or jackknives. The shells in these species are fragile and can easily be damaged when digging for these clams.


==Ecology==
''Ensis'' species live in clean sand on exposed beaches. They are capable of digging very rapidly; see the description under the [[Atlantic jackknife clam]].
''Ensis'' species live in clean sand on exposed beaches. They are capable of digging very rapidly; see the description under the [[Atlantic jackknife clam]]. Some clammers catch jackknives by pouring salt on the characteristic keyhole-shaped ''breathing holes''. The clam then tries to escape the salt by coming up out of its hole, and at this point it is possible to gently grab the shell and pull it out of the ground.


==Species==
==Species==
Thirteen species are currently recognised:<ref name="WoRMS"/>
* [[Razor shell]] ''(Ensis arcuatus)''
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
* [[Atlantic jackknife clam]] ''(Ensis directus)''
*''[[Ensis californicus]]'' <small>(Dall, 1899)</small>
* [[Jackknife clam]] ''(Ensis minor)''
*''[[Ensis directus]]'' <small>(Conrad, 1843)</small> – Atlantic jackknife clam
* [[Pod razor]] ''(Ensis siliqua)''
*''[[Ensis ensis]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small>
* ''[[Ensis macha]]''
*''[[Ensis goreensis]]'' <small>(Clessin, 1888)</small>

*''[[Ensis macha]]'' <small>(Molina, 1782)</small>
{{listdev}}
*''[[Ensis magnus]]'' <small>(Schumacher, 1817)</small>
*''[[Ensis megistus]]'' <small>(Pilsbry & McGinty, 1943)</small>
*''[[Ensis minor]]'' <small>(Chenu, 1843)</small>
*''[[Ensis myrae]]'' <small>(Berry, 1954)</small>
*''[[Ensis nitidus]]'' <small>(Clessin, 1888)</small>
*''[[Ensis siliqua]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> – pod razor
*''[[Ensis terranovensis]]'' <small>(Vierna & Martínez-Lage, 2012)</small>
*''[[Ensis tropicalis]]'' <small>(Hertlein & Strong, 1955)</small>
{{div col end}}


==References==
⚫
[[Category:Solenidae]]
{{Reflist}}
⚫
[[Category:Edible molluscs]]


{{mollusc-stub}}
{{Edible molluscs}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2706031}}


⚫
[[Category:Pharidae]]
[[da:Knivmuslinger]]
⚫
[[Category:Bivalve genera]]
[[fr:Solen]]
<!-- [[Category:Edible bivalves]] moved to species articles -->
[[it:Solen]]
[[no:Knivskjell]]
[[pt:Solenidae]]

Latest revision as of 06:13, 3 March 2021

For other uses, see Ensis (disambiguation).

Ensis
Ensis sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Adapedonta
Family: Pharidae
Genus: Ensis
Schumacher, 1817 [1]
Species

See text

Ensis is a genus of medium-sized edible saltwater clams, littoral bivalve molluscs in the family Pharidae. Ensis, or razor clams, are known in much of Scotland as spoots, for the spouts of water they eject while burrowing into the sand, when visible at low tide.[2] This term may also colloquially include members of the genus Solen. Ensis magnus are known as bendies due to their slightly curved shell.

Description

[edit]

The shells are long, narrow, and parallel-sided. This shape resembles a closed, old-fashioned straight razor (a cut-throat razor), or a closed jackknife (pocket knife) and sometimes these clams are known as razor shells or jackknives. The shells in these species are fragile and can easily be damaged when digging for these clams.

Ecology

[edit]

Ensis species live in clean sand on exposed beaches. They are capable of digging very rapidly; see the description under the Atlantic jackknife clam. Some clammers catch jackknives by pouring salt on the characteristic keyhole-shaped breathing holes. The clam then tries to escape the salt by coming up out of its hole, and at this point it is possible to gently grab the shell and pull it out of the ground.

Species

[edit]

Thirteen species are currently recognised:[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b S. Gofas (2010). P. Bouchet, S. Gofas & G. Rosenberg (ed.). "Ensis Schumacher, 1817". World Marine Mollusca database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  2. ^ Breen, Mike; Trevor Howe; Phil Copland (February 2011). "A REPORT ON ELECTRICAL FISHING FOR RAZOR CLAMS (ENSIS SP.) AND ITS LIKELY EFFECTS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT" (PDF). Marine Scotland Science Report 03/11. Marine Scotland Science Marine Laboratory: 11. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
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