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{{Redirect|Habsburg|the House of Habsburg-Lorraine|House of Lorraine|other uses|Habsburg (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox family
|name                 = House of Habsburg
|native_name          = 
|native_name_lang     =
|other_names          = 
|type                 = [[Imperial house]]
|coat_of_arms         = Familienwappen Habsburg-Stroehl.jpg
|coat_of_arms_size    = 200px
|alt                  = 
|coat_of_arms_caption = Coat of arms of Habsburg depicted (1890) by [[Hugo Gerard Ströhl]]
|image                = 
|image_size           = 
|alt2                 = 
|image_caption        = 
|parent_family        = <!-- Family (or house) from with the family in subject descended -->
|country              = {{Collapsible list
 | expand = 
 | framestyle = 
 | titlestyle = 
 | title = 
 | liststyle = 
 | hlist = 
 | bullets = 
 | [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]]
 | [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]]
 | [[Holy Roman Empire]]
 | [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
 | [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]
 | [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]]
 | [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]]
 | [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]
 | [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Croatia]]
 | [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]
 | [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]
 | [[Habsburg Netherlands|Low Countries]]
 | other smaller historical states
}}
|ethnicity            = [[Germans|German]]
|region               = <!-- Main current location - please note, countries that are merely associated with titles should be indicated in "titles" -->
|early_forms          = 
|etymology            = [[Habsburg Castle]]
|origin               = <!-- Country, region, town, location etc. of origin -->
|founded              = 11th century <!-- {{Start date|YYYY}} or {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} by first documented family name version or relevant continuous identification -->
|founder              = [[Radbot, Count of Habsburg]]
|current_head         = 
|dissolution          = {{End date|1780|11|29}}
|deposition           = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}}, removal of authority applicable primarly to royal houses -->
|cadet branches       = {{Collapsible list
 | expand = 
 | framestyle = 
 | titlestyle = 
 | title = 
 | liststyle = 
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 | bullets = 
 | [[Habsburg-Laufenburg]] 
 | [[House of Kyburg]]
 | [[Albertine line]]
 | [[Leopoldian line]]
}}
|final_ruler          = [[Empress Maria Theresa]]
|final_head           = <!-- I.e. last person with family name or else subject to end of continuous consistency -->
|titles               = {{Collapsible list
 | expand = 
 | framestyle = 
 | titlestyle = 
 | title = 
 | liststyle = 
 | hlist = 
 | bullets = 
 | [[Holy Roman Emperor]]
 | [[Emperor of Austria]]
 | [[Emperor of Mexico]]
 | [[King of the Romans]]
 | [[List of German monarchs|King of Germany]]
 | [[King of Spain]]
 | [[King of Italy]]
 | [[King of Castile]]
 | [[King of Aragon]]
 | [[King of Valencia]]
 | [[King of Mallorca]]
 | [[King of León]]
 | [[Kingdom of Sicily#The insular kingdom of Sicily under the Crown of Aragon and Spain|King of Sicily]]
 | [[Kingdom of Naples#Aragonese Kingdom of Naples|King of Naples]]
 | [[King of Navarre]]
 | [[King of Hungary]]
 | [[King of Jerusalem]]<ref group="note" name="de facto">titular claim rather than ''de facto''</ref>
 | [[King of Bohemia]]
 | [[King of Croatia]]
 | [[Philippine_dynasty#Monarchs_of_the_House_of_Habsburg|King of Portugal]]
 | [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|King of Galicia and Lodomeria]]
 | [[King of England]]<ref group="note" name="jure uxoris">''jure uxoris''</ref>
 | [[King of Ireland]]<ref group="note" name="jure uxoris">''jure uxoris''</ref>
 | [[English claims to the French throne|King of France]]<ref group="note" name="de facto">titular claim rather than ''de facto''</ref>
 | [[Grand Prince of Transylvania]]
 | [[Archduke of Austria]]
 | [[Duke of Burgundy]]
 | [[Duke of Luxembourg]]
 | [[Duke of Parma]]
 | [[Margrave of Moravia]]
 | Count of [[Habsburg Castle|Habsburg]]
}}
|styles               = <!-- Styles (manners of address) -->
|members              = 
|connected_members    = <!-- Notable members in selection, only if relevant in infobox and readability-wise applicable -->
|other_families       = <!-- Connected families, typically qualified by marriage (or rarely rivalry) -->
|distinctions         = <!-- Primarly associated distinctions such as orders, prizes, awards, etc. -->
|traditions           = <!-- Religion, philosophy, movement, adherence, allegience, etc. -->
|motto                = 
|motto_lang           = 
|motto_trans          = 
|heirlooms            = <!-- Inheritances; antiques, mementoes, jewelry, etc. -->
|estate               = <!-- Residence, seat, etc. -->
|website              = <!-- {{URL|example.com}}, website of the family association/foundation/memorial, etc. -->
|footnotes            = {{Reflist|group=note}}
}}

The '''House of Habsburg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|æ|p|s|b|ɜːr|ɡ}}; {{IPA|de|ˈhaːpsbʊʁk}}), also called '''House of Austria''',<ref>[http://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/house-austria-habsburgs-and-empire?language=de "The House of Austria – the Habsburgs and the Empire"]</ref> was one of the most influential and outstanding [[dynasty|royal house]]s of Europe. The throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740. The house also produced emperors and kings of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], [[Kingdom of England]] (''[[Jure uxoris]]'' King), [[Kingdom of Germany]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]], [[Second Mexican Empire]], [[Kingdom of Ireland]] (''[[Jure uxoris]]'' King), [[Kingdom of Portugal]], and [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]], as well as rulers of [[Habsburg Netherlands|several Dutch]] and Italian principalities.{{dubious|No distinction made between Austrian emperors who inherited titles for subdues kingdoms etc., and possible Habsburgs who ruled such realms while NOT being emperors of Austria. Were there any such cases apart from Max. of Mexico? It's a MAJOR distinction between formal and actually sovereign "king", "duke" etc.|date=August 2016}} From the 16th century, following the reign of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches. Although they ruled distinct territories, they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried.

The House takes its name from [[Habsburg Castle]], a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland, in the [[canton of Aargau]], by [[Radbot, Count of Habsburg|Count Radbot]] of [[Klettgau]], who chose to name his fortress Habsburg. His grandson [[Otto II, Count of Habsburg|Otto II]] was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. The House of Habsburg gathered dynastic momentum through the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

By 1276, Count Radbot's seventh generation descendant [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph of Habsburg]] had moved the family's power base from Habsburg Castle to the [[Duchy of Austria]]. Rudolph had become [[List of German monarchs|King of Germany]] in 1273, and the dynasty of the House of Habsburg was truly entrenched in 1276 when Rudolph became ruler of Austria, which the Habsburgs ruled until 1918.

A series of dynastic marriages<ref>Paula Sutter Fichtner, "Dynastic Marriage in Sixteenth-Century Habsburg Diplomacy and Statecraft: An Interdisciplinary Approach," ''American Historical Review'' Vol. 81, No. 2 (April 1976), pp. 243-265 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1851170 in JSTOR]</ref> enabled the family to vastly expand its domains to include [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] and its colonial empire, Bohemia, Hungary, and other territories. In the 16th century, the family separated into the senior Habsburg Spain and the junior [[Habsburg Monarchy]] branches, who settled their mutual claims in the [[Oñate treaty]].

The House of Habsburg became extinct in the 18th century. The senior Spanish branch ended upon the death of [[Charles II of Spain]] in 1700 and was replaced by the [[House of Bourbon]]. The remaining Austrian branch became extinct in the male line in 1740 with the death of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI]], and completely in 1780 with the death of his eldest daughter [[Maria Theresa of Austria]]. It was succeeded by the Vaudemont branch of the [[House of Lorraine]]. The new successor house styled itself formally as the [[House of Lorraine|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]] (German: ''Habsburg-Lothringen''), and because it was often confusingly still referred to as the House of Habsburg, historians use the unofficial [[wikt:appellation#English|appellation]] of the '''[[Habsburg Monarchy]]''' for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the [[House of Habsburg#Division of the house: Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs|junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg]] between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of [[House of Lorraine|Habsburg-Lorraine]] until 1918.

{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

==Principal roles==
Their principal roles (including the roles of their [[cadet branch]]es) were as follows:
* [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s (intermittently from 1273 until 1806), [[List of German monarchs|kings of Germany]],<ref>The Kingdom of Germany was within the
Holy Roman Empire from 962 until 1806.</ref> and [[King of the Romans|kings of the Romans]]<ref>''King of the Romans"
'' was, from the time of Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] (1014–1024), the title used by the German king following his election by the princes. The title ''King of the Romans'' became functionally obsolete after 1508.</ref>)
* [[Rulers of Austria]] (as [[duke]]s from 1278 until 1453; as [[archduke]]s from 1453 until 1806/1918; as [[emperor]]s from 1804 until 1918<!--the creation of the Empire in 1804 did not cause the Archduchy to go into abeyance-->)
* [[List of rulers of Bohemia|Kings of Bohemia]] (1306–1307, 1437–1439, 1453–1457, 1526–1918)
* [[King of Hungary|Kings of Hungary]] and [[King of Croatia|Croatia]] (1526–1918)
* [[List of Spanish monarchs|Kings of]] [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] (1516–1700)
* [[List of Portuguese monarchs|Kings of Portugal]] (1581–1640)
* [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Kings of Galicia and Lodomeria]] (1772–1918)
* [[List of rulers of Transylvania|Grand princes of Transylvania]] (1690–1867)

Numerous other titles were attached to the crowns listed above.

==History==
{{History of Austria}}
===Counts of Habsburg===
[[Image:Schweiz Frühmia Adel.svg|thumb|400px|The Habsburg dominions around 1200 in the area of modern-day Switzerland are shown as {{legend0|#f4bedb|Habsburg}}, among the houses of {{legend0|#f7b282|[[House of Savoy|Savoy]]}}, {{legend0|#9dd575|[[Zähringer]]}} and {{legend0|#f6f07f|[[Counts of Kyburg|Kyburg]]}}]]

The progenitor of the House of Habsburg may have been [[Guntram the Rich]], a count in the [[Breisgau]] who lived in the 10th century, and forewith farther back as the early medieval [[Adalrich, Duke of Alsace]], father of the [[Etichonids]] from which Habsburg derives. His grandson [[Radbot, Count of Habsburg]] founded the [[Habsburg Castle]], after which the Habsburgs are named. The origins of the castle's name, located in what is now the Swiss [[canton of Aargau]], are uncertain. There is disagreement on whether the name is derived from the [[High German]] ''Habichtsburg'' (hawk castle), or from the Middle High German word ''hab/hap'' meaning ''ford'', as there is a river with a ford nearby. The first documented use of the name by the dynasty itself has been traced to the year 1108.<ref>"Habsburger-Gedenkjahr im Aargau", ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'', (page 17) 23 May 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.art-tv.ch/1965-0-habsburger-gedenkjahr.html art-tv.ch]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ag.ch/staatsarchiv/de/pub/fokus/habsburger_gedenkjahr.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223234043/http://www.ag.ch/staatsarchiv/de/pub/fokus/habsburger_gedenkjahr.php |title=Kanton Aargau |archivedate=December 23, 2008|language=de}}</ref>
The Habsburg Castle was the [[family seat]] in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.

The Habsburgs expanded their influence through arranged marriages and by gaining political privileges, especially countship rights in [[Zürichgau]], [[Aargau]] and [[Thurgau]]. In the 13th century, the house aimed its marriage policy at families in [[Upper Alsace]] and [[Swabia]]. They were also able to gain high positions in the church hierarchy for their members. Territorially, they often profited from the extinction of other noble families such as the [[House of Kyburg]].<ref name=heimann/>

===Kings of the Romans===
By the second half of the 13th century, count [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph IV]] (1218–1291) had become one of the most influential territorial lords in the area between the [[Vosges Mountains]] and [[Lake Constance]]. Due to these impressive preconditions, on 1 October, 1273, Rudolph was chosen as the [[King of the Romans]] and received the name [[Rudolph I of Germany]].<ref name=heimann>''Heinz-Dieter Heimann: Die Habsburger. Dynastie und Kaiserreiche. {{ISBN|3-406-44754-6}}.</ref>

In 1282, the Habsburgs gained the rulership of the [[Duchy of Austria]], which they then held for over 600 years, until 1918. Through the forged ''[[privilegium maius]]'' document (1358/59), a special bond was created between the house and Austria. The document, forged at the behest of [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria]] (1339–1365), also attempted to introduce rules to preserve the unity of the family's Austrian lands. In the long term, this indeed succeeded, but Rudolph's descendants ignored the rule, leading to the separation of the [[Albertinian Line|Albertian]] and [[Leopoldian line|Leopoldian]] family lines in 1379.<ref name=heimann/>

By marrying [[Elisabeth of Luxembourg]], the daughter of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] in 1437, Duke [[Albert II of Germany|Albert V]] (1397–1439) became the ruler of [[Bohemia]] and [[Hungary]], expanding the family's political horizons. The next year, Albert V was crowned as the King of the Romans as [[Albert II of Germany|Albert II]]. After his early death in war with the Turks in 1439, and after the death of his son [[Ladislaus Postumus]] in 1457, the Habsburgs lost Bohemia and Hungary again. National kingdoms were established in these areas, and the Habsburgs were not able to restore their influence there for decades.

===Holy Roman emperors===
[[File:Growth of Habsburg territories.jpg|thumb|350px|Growth of the Habsburg Empire in Central Europe]]

In 1440, [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] was chosen by the [[Prince-elector|electoral college]] to succeed Albert II as the king. Several Habsburg kings had attempted to gain the imperial throne over the years, but success finally arrived on 19 March, 1452, when [[Pope Nicholas V]] crowned Frederick III as the Holy Roman Emperor in a grand ceremony held in Rome. In Frederick III, the Pope found an important political ally with whose help he was able to counter the [[conciliarism|conciliar movement]].<ref name=heimann/>

While in Rome, Frederick III married [[Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress|Eleanor of Portugal]], enabling him to build a network of connections with dynasties in the west and southeast of Europe. Frederick was rather distant to his family; Eleanor, by contrast, had a great influence on the raising and education of Frederick's children, and therefore played an important role in the family's rise to prominence. After Frederick III's coronation, the Habsburgs were able to hold the imperial throne almost continuously for centuries, until 1806.<ref name=heimann/>

As emperor, Frederick III took a leading role inside the family and positioned himself as the judge over the family's internal conflicts, often making use of the ''[[privilegium maius]]''. He was able to restore the unity of the house's Austrian lands, as the Albertinian line was now extinct. Territorial integrity was also strengthened by the extinction of the [[Tyrolean line|Tyrolean branch]] of the Leopoldian line in 1490/1496. Frederick's aim was to make Austria a united country, stretching from the [[Rhine]] to the [[Mur (river)|Mur]] and [[Leitha]].<ref name=heimann/>

On the external front, one of Frederick's main achievements was the [[Siege of Neuss]] (1474–75), in which he forced [[Charles the Bold of Burgundy]] to give his daughter [[Mary of Burgundy]] as wife to Frederick's son [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian]].<ref name=heimann/> The wedding took place on the evening of 16 August 1477 and ultimately resulted in the Habsburgs acquiring control of the [[Low Countries]]. After Mary's early death in 1482, Maximilian attempted to secure the Burgundian heritance to one of his and Mary's children [[Philip I of Castile|Philip the Handsome]]. [[Charles VIII of France]] contested this, using both military and dynastic means, but the Burgundian succession was finally ruled in favour of Philip in the [[Treaty of Senlis]] in 1493.<ref name=erbe>Erbe, Michael: Die Habsburger 1493-1918. Eine Dynastie im Reich und in Europa. W. Kohlhammer, 2000. {{ISBN|3-17-011866-8}}</ref>

After the death of his father in 1493, Maximilian was proclaimed the new [[King of the Romans]], receiving the name [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]. Maximilian was initially unable to travel to Rome to receive the Imperial title from the Pope, due to opposition from Venice and from the French who were occupying Milan, as well a refusal from the Pope due to enemy forces being present on his territory. In 1508, Maximilian proclaimed himself as the "chosen Emperor," and this was also recognized by the Pope due to changes in political alliances. This had a historical consequence in that, in the future, the Roman King would also automatically become Emperor, without needing the Pope's consent. In 1530, Emperor Charles V became the last person to be crowned as the Emperor by the Pope.<ref name="erbe"/>

[[Image:Habsburg Map 1547.jpg|thumb|350px|A map of the dominion of the Habsburgs following the [[Battle of Mühlberg]] (1547) as depicted in ''The Cambridge Modern History Atlas'' (1912); Habsburg lands are shaded green, but do not include the lands of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] over which they presided, nor the vast Castilian holdings outside of Europe, particularly in the [[New World]].]]

Maximilian's rule (1493–1519) was a time of great expansion for the Habsburgs. In 1497, Maximilian's son [[Philip I of Castile|Philip the Handsome]] (also known as Phillip the Fair) married [[Joanna of Castile]], also known as Joan the Mad, heiress of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]], [[Aragon]], and most of Spain. Phillip and Joan had six children, the eldest of whom became [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and inherited the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon (including their colonies in the [[New World]]), Southern Italy, [[Austria]], and the [[Low Countries]].<ref>Great Events from History, ''The Renaissance & Early Modern Era'', Vol I, p. 112–114, author-Clare Callaghan, {{ISBN|1-58765-214-5}}.</ref>

The foundations for the later empire of [[Austria-Hungary]] were laid in 1515 by the means of a double wedding between Louis, only son of [[Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary|Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia and Hungary]], and Maximilian's granddaughter Mary; and between her brother Archduke Ferdinand and Vladislaus' daughter Anna. The wedding was celebrated in grand style on 22 July 1515, and has been described by some historians as the [[First Congress of Vienna]] due to its significant implications for Europe's political landscape. All the children were still minors, so the wedding was formally completed in 1521. Vladislaus died on 13 March 1516, and Maximilian died on 12 January 1519, but his designs were ultimately successful: on Louis's death in 1526, Maximilian's grandson [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]], became the King of Bohemia.

The Habsburg dynasty achieved the position of a true [[world power]] by the time of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], for the first and only time in their history—the "World Emperor" ruling an [[The empire on which the sun never sets|"empire on which the sun never sets"]].

The Habsburgs' policies against [[Protestantism]] led to an eradication of the former in throughout vast areas under their control.

===Division of the house: Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs===
[[File:Habsburg dominions 1700.png|thumb|right|300px|The Spanish and Austrian Habsburg Dominions in 1700, not showing their overseas empire, but showing the division between the Spanish and Austrian branch with their losses and gains.]]

After the assignment, on 21 April 1521, of the Austrian lands to [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] by his brother Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] (also King Charles I of Spain) (1516–1556), the dynasty split into the junior branch of the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austrian]] Habsburgs and the senior branch of the [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish Habsburgs]]. The Austrian Habsburgs held the title of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] after Charles' death in 1558, as well as the Habsburg Hereditary Lands and the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary.

The senior Spanish branch ruled over Spain, its Italian possessions and its colonial empire, the Netherlands, and, for a time (1580–1640), Portugal. [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] was partly under Habsburg rule from 1526. For 150 years most of the country was occupied by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] but these territories were re-conquered in 1683–1699.

In the secret [[Oñate treaty]], the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs settled their mutual claims. The Spanish Habsburgs died out in 1700 (prompting the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]), as did the last male of the Austrian Habsburg line in 1740 (prompting the [[War of the Austrian Succession]]), and finally the last female of the Habsburg male line in 1780.

===Extinction of the Spanish Habsburgs===
The Habsburgs sought to consolidate their power by the frequent use of [[consanguineous marriage]]s. This resulted in a cumulatively deleterious effect on their [[gene pool]]. [[Cousin marriage|Marriages between first cousin]]s, or between uncle and niece, were commonplace in the family. A study of 3,000 family members over 16 generations by the [[University of Santiago de Compostela]] suggests that inbreeding directly led to their extinction.  The gene pool eventually became so small that the last of the Spanish line [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], who was severely disabled from birth, perhaps by [[genetic disorders]], possessed a [[genome]] comparable to that of a child born to a brother and sister, as did his father, probably because of "remote [[inbreeding]]".<ref name=inbred>{{cite journal|title=The Role of Inbreeding in the Extinction of a European Royal Dynasty|date=April 15, 2009|pmid=19367331|pmc=2664480|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005174|first1=Gonzalo|last1=Alvarez|last2=Ceballos|first2=Francisco C.|last3=Quinteiro|first3=Celsa|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=4|issue=4|pages=e5174|editor1-last=Bauchet|editor1-first=Marc|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=FC Ceballos |author2=G Alvarez |title=Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs|journal=Heredity|date=2013|issue=2|pages=114–121|pmid=23572123|doi=10.1038/hdy.2013.25|volume=111|pmc=3716267 }}</ref>

{{Ancestors of Charles II of Spain}}

===Extinction of the Austrian Habsburgs===
The Austrian branch became extinct in the male line in 1740 with the death of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] and in the female line in 1780 with the death of his daughter [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]]; it was succeeded by the Vaudemont branch of the [[House of Lorraine]] in the person of her son [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]]. The new successor house styled itself formally as [[House of Lorraine|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]] ([[German language|German]]: ''Habsburg-Lothringen''), although it was often referred to as simply the House of Habsburg. The heiress of the last Austrian Habsburgs Maria Theresa had married [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephan]], [[Duke of Lorraine]]<ref>Maria Theresa was originally engaged to [[Léopold Clément, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine|Léopold Clément of Lorraine]], older brother of Francis Stephan.</ref> (both of them were great-grandchildren of Habsburg Emperor [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], but from different empresses). Their descendants carried on the Habsburg tradition from [[Vienna]] under the dynastic name Habsburg-Lorraine, although technically a new ruling house came into existence in the Austrian territories, the House of Lorraine (see [[Dukes of Lorraine family tree]]). It is thought that extensive intra-family marriages within both lines contributed to their extinctions.

===Habsburg-Lorraine===
{| border="1" style="width:350px; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em; background:white; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"
|+ <big>'''Austria-Hungary in 1915'''</big>
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| [[File:Austria-Hungary map new.svg|300px]]<br/>Kingdoms and countries of Austria-Hungary:<br/>'''[[Cisleithania]] ([[Austrian Empire|Empire of Austria]]<ref name="Britannica1911">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Austria-Hungary|volume=3|pages=2–39}}</ref>)''': 1. [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]], 2. [[Bukovina]], 3. [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], 4. [[Carniola]], 5. [[Kingdom of Dalmatia|Dalmatia]], 6. [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]], 7. [[Austrian Littoral|Küstenland]], 8. [[Lower Austria]], 9. [[Moravia]], 10. [[Duchy of Salzburg|Salzburg]], 11. [[Austrian Silesia|Silesia]], 12. [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], 13. [[Tyrol (state)|Tirol]], 14. [[Upper Austria]], 15. [[Vorarlberg]];<br/> '''[[Transleithania]] ([[Kingdom of Hungary]]<ref name = "Britannica1911"/>)''': 16. [[Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary proper]] 17. [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]]; 18. [[Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium)]]
|}

On 6 August 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved under the French Emperor [[Napoleon I]]'s reorganization of Germany. However, in anticipation of the loss of his title of Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II declared himself hereditary [[Emperor of Austria]] (as Francis I) on 11 August 1804, three months after Napoleon had declared himself Emperor of the French on 18 May 1804.

Emperor [[Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire|Francis I]] of Austria used the official full list of titles: "[[Majestic plural|We]], Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria; [[Kings of Jerusalem|King of Jerusalem]], [[Hungary]], [[Bohemia]], [[Dalmatia]], [[Croatia]], [[Slavonia]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia and Lodomeria]]; Archduke of [[Austria]]; Duke of [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]], [[Salzburg]], [[Würzburg]], [[Franconia]], [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]], [[Carinthia (duchy)|Carinthia]], and [[Carniola]]; Grand Duke of [[Grand Duchy of Cracow|Cracow]]; Grand Prince of [[Transylvania]]; Margrave of [[Moravia]]; Duke of [[Sandomierz|Sandomir]], [[Masovia]], [[Lublin]], Upper and Lower [[Silesia]], [[Oświęcim|Auschwitz]] and [[Zator]], [[Cieszyn|Teschen]], and [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Friule]]; Prince of [[Berchtesgaden]] and [[Mergentheim]]; Princely Count of Habsburg, [[Gorizia]], and [[Gradisca d'Isonzo|Gradisca]] and of the [[German Tyrol|Tyrol]]; and Margrave of Upper and Lower [[Lusatia]] and [[Istria]]".

The [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]] created a [[real union]], whereby the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] was granted co-equality with the [[Austrian Empire|Empire of Austria]], that henceforth didn't include the Kingdom of Hungary as a [[crownland]] anymore. The Austrian and the Hungarian lands became independent entities enjoying equal status<ref>Microsoft Encarta: The height of the dual monarchy</ref> Under this arrangement, the Hungarians referred to their ruler as king and never emperor (see [[Imperial and Royal|k. u. k.]]).  This prevailed until the Habsburgs' deposition from both Austria and Hungary in 1918 following defeat in World War I.

[[File:Austria Hungary ethnic.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|An ethno-linguistic map of Austria–Hungary, 1910]]

On 11 November 1918, with his empire collapsing around him, the last Habsburg ruler, [[Charles I of Austria|Charles I]] (who also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary) issued a proclamation recognizing Austria's right to determine the future of the state and renouncing any role in state affairs.  Two days later, he issued a separate proclamation for Hungary.  Even though he did not officially [[abdication|abdicate]], this is considered the end of the Habsburg dynasty.  In 1919, the new republican Austrian government subsequently passed a law banishing the Habsburgs from Austrian territory until they renounced all intentions of regaining the throne and accepted the status of private citizens.  Charles made several attempts to regain the throne of Hungary, and in 1921 the Hungarian government passed a law which revoked Charles' rights and dethroned the Habsburgs.

The Habsburgs did not formally abandon all hope of returning to power until [[Otto von Habsburg]], the eldest son of Charles I, renounced all claims to the throne.

The dynasty's motto, "Leave the waging of wars to others!  But you, happy Austria, marry; for the realms which [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] awards to others, [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] transfers to you.",<ref>Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: Comprehensive Volume. 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2003. 330. Print.</ref> indicates the knack of the Habsburgs to have members intermarry into other royal houses in order to build alliances and inherit territory. [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Empress Maria Theresa]] is recognized quite notably for it and is sometimes referred to as the "Great-Grandmother of Europe".{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

==Family tree==

===Ancestors of the Habsburgs===

Fragmentary references (see below) cite the Habsburgs as descendants of the early Germanic [[Etichonids|Etichonider]], probably of [[Franks|Frankish]], [[Burgundians|Burgundian]] or [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] origin, who ruled the [[Duchy of Alsace]] in the [[Early Middle Ages]] (7th–10th centuries). The dynasty is named for [[Adalrich, Duke of Alsace|Eticho (also known as Aldarich)]] who ruled from 662 to 690.



{{Familytree/start|style=font-size:95%; line-height: 120%; margin:1em;|align=center| summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 61 boxes}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |ETI
|ETI=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Eticho I]]<br>(635-690)<br>r.662-690<br>Count of Alsace}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |ETI
|ETI=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Eticho II]]<br>(700-723)<br>r.722-723<br> Count of Nordgau}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |ALB
|ALB=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Alberic I]]<br> d.747<br>r.723-747<br> Count of Nordgau}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |EBR
|EBR=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Eberhard II]]<br> d.777<br>r.765-777<br> Count of Nordgau}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |EBR
|EBR=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Eberhard III of Dillingen]]<br> d.874<br>r.817-864<br> Count of Nordgau}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |QUE
|QUE='''?'''|border = 0 }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | | |HUG
|HUG=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Hugo III]]<br> d.940<br>r.910-940<br> Count of Nordgau}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | }} 
{{Familytree | | | | | GUN | | | | |EBR
|GUN = '''[[Guntram the Rich]]'''<ref>{{cite book|author=Heinz-Dieter Heimann|title=Die Habsburger: Dynastie und Kaiserreiche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHQea0JsytMC|year=2001|page=22|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-44754-9}}</ref> <br/>Count in [[Breisgau]]<br/>c.920-973<br/>member of '''[[Etichonids|Etichonider]]''' family
|EBR=[[Etichonids#Etichonid dukes and counts in Alsace|Eberhard IV]]<br> d.972/3}}
{{Familytree/end}}


===Early Habsburgs===


'''[[Family tree]] of the ancestors of the [[Habsburg]] family''', largely before becoming Holy Roman Emperors and (Arch)Dukes of Austria. This family tree only includes male scions of the House of Habsburg from 920 to 1308.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coinshome.net/en/dynasty.htm?action=view&dynasty=z6IK.GJAd1IAAAEtl2DwgJP8|title=House of Habsburg|website=www.coinshome.net|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> [[Otto II, Count of Habsburg|Otto II]] was probably the first to take the Habsburg Castle name as his own, adding "von Habsburg" to his title and creating the House of Habsburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/habsburger-list?sort_bef_combine=field_estimated_date_range%20ASC#1|title=The World of Habsburgs|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>.  See below for more references.

{{Familytree/start|style=font-size:95%; line-height: 120%; margin:1em;|align=center| summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 61 boxes}}
{{Familytree | | | | | GUN
|GUN = '''[[Guntram the Rich]]'''<ref>{{cite book|author=Heinz-Dieter Heimann|title=Die Habsburger: Dynastie und Kaiserreiche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHQea0JsytMC|year=2001|page=22|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-44754-9}}</ref> <br/>Count in [[Breisgau]]<br/>c.920-973<br/>member of '''[[Etichonids|Etichonider]]''' family}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |:| }} 
{{Familytree | | | | | LAN 
|LAN = '''Lanzelin of Klettgau and Altenburg'''}}
{{Familytree | |,|-|-|-|A|.| | | }}
{{Familytree | WER | | RAD   
|WER = '''[[Werner I (Bishop of Strasbourg)|Werner I]]'''<br/>[[Bishop of Strasbourg]]<br/>c.978/980-1028
|RAD = '''[[Radbot, Count of Habsburg|Radbot of Klettgau]]'''<br/> built [[Habsburg Castle]]<br/> [[Count of Habsburg]]<BR> ''c.985-1045''}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | WER | | | | | | WER = '''[[Werner I, Count of Habsburg|Werner I the Pious]]'''<ref>{{cite book|author=Andreas Bönner|title=Die Religionspolitik der Habsburger Kaiser in der Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hcL40Flzf5AC|year=2010|publisher=GRIN Verlag|page=7|isbn=978-3-640-50510-4}}</ref><br/> [[Count of Habsburg]]<BR> ''c.1025/1030-1096''}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | GRP | | | | | | GRP='''[[Otto II, Count of Habsburg|Otto II]]'''<BR> [[Count of Habsburg]]<BR> ''1096-1111''}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | MOM | MOM='''[[Werner II, Count of Habsburg|Werner II]]'''<BR> [[Count of Habsburg]]<BR> ''1111-1167''<br/>[[File:Arms of Counts of Habsbourg.svg|40px]]}}
{{Familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | }}
{{Familytree | | | JOE | | ME  | | JOE='''Otto III'''<BR> [[Bishop of Constance]]<BR> ''1166-1174''|ME='''[[Albert III, Count of Habsburg|Albert III]]'''<BR> [[Count of Habsburg]]<BR> ''1167-1199''<br/>[[File:Arms of Counts of Habsbourg.svg|40px]]}}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | | | MOM | MOM='''[[Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg|Rudolf II]]'''<BR> Count of Habsburg<BR> ''1199-1232''<br/>[[File:Arms of Counts of Habsbourg.svg|40px]]}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | }}
{{Familytree | | | | | JOE | | ME  | | JOE='''[[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV]]'''<BR> [[Count of Habsburg]]<BR> ''1232-1239''<br/>[[File:Arms of Counts of Habsbourg.svg|40px]]|ME='''Rudolf III'''<br> Count of Habsburg<br> ''1232''<br> [[Count of Laufenburg]]<BR> ''1232-1249''}}
{{Familytree | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Familytree | | | | | JOE | | ME  | | GRP | JOE='''[[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf IV (I)]]'''<br> [[Count of Habsburg]]<br> ''1240-1291''<br> '''[[King of Germany]]'''<br> ''1273-1291''<br> Duke of [[Austria]] and [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]]<br> ''1278-1282''<br> Duke of [[Duchy_of_Carinthia|Carinthia]]<br> ''1276-1286''<br/>[[File:Emperor Rudolf I Arms.svg|50px]]|ME='''Eberhard I'''<br> [[House of Kyburg|Count of Kiburg]]<br> ''1249-1284''|GRP='''Gottfried I'''<br> Count of Laufenburg<br> ''1249-1271''}}
{{Familytree | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Familytree | JOE | | ME  | | GRP | | MOM | JOE= '''[[Albert I, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert I]]'''<br> Duke of Austria, Styria and [[Carniola]]<br> ''1282-1308''<br> '''Holy Roman Emperor'''<br> ''1298-1308''<br/>[[File:Armoiries empereur Albert Ier.svg|50px]] |ME= '''[[Rudolf II of Austria|Rudolf II]]'''<br> Duke of [[Swabia]]<br> ''1282-1290''<br> Duke of Austria<br> ''1282-1283'' |GRP='''Kiburg Line'''<br> ''1284-1414''|MOM= '''Laufenburg Line'''<br> ''1271-1408''}}
{{Familytree | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Familytree | |!| | | MOM | MOM='''[[John the Parricide]]'''<br><small>(murdered his uncle Albert I)</small>}}
{{Familytree |HAB| |
HAB='''House of Austria'''<br/>see below<br/>[[File:Gules a fess argent.svg|40px]]}}
{{Familytree/end}}


===Middle Habsburgs===




{{chart top|Male scions of the direct House of Habsburg who survived to adulthood<ref>[[:Image:Habsburg Family Tree.jpg]]</ref>}}
{{chart/start|style=font-size:90%; line-height: 120%; margin:1em;|align=center| summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 61 boxes}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ru1Ge| Ru1Ge=[[Rudolf I of Germany|'''Rudolf&nbsp;I'''<br/>of Germany]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|c. 1218–1291}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Al1Ge| |Hartm| | | | | | | |Ru2Au| Al1Ge=[[Albert I of Germany|'''Albert&nbsp;I'''<br/>of Germany]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1255–1308}}}}| Hartm='''Hartmann'''<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1263–1281}}}}| Ru2Au=[[Rudolf II, Duke of Austria|'''Rudolf&nbsp;II'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1270–1290}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!}}
{{chart| | | | |Ru1Bo| |Fr1Ge| |Le1Au| |Al2Au| |Heinr| |OttAu| |JohPa| Ru1Bo=[[Rudolf I of Bohemia|'''Rudolf&nbsp;I'''<br/>of Bohemia]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1281–1307}}}}| Fr1Ge=[[Frederick the Fair|'''Frederick'''<br/>the Fair]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|c. 1289–1330}}}}| Le1Au=[[Leopold I, Duke of Austria|'''Leopold&nbsp;I'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1290–1326}}}}| Al2Au=[[Albert II, Duke of Austria|'''Albert&nbsp;II'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1298–1358}}}}| Heinr=[[Henry the Friendly|'''Henry'''<br/>the Friendly]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1299–1327}}}}| OttAu=[[Otto, Duke of Austria|'''Otto'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1301–1339}}}}| JohPa=[[John Parricida|'''John'''<br/>Parricida]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|c. 1290–1312/13}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.}}
{{chart| | | | |Ru4Au| |Fr3Au| |Al3Au| | | |Le3Au| |Fr2Au| |Le2Au| Ru4Au=[[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|'''Rudolf&nbsp;IV'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1339–1365}}}}| Fr3Au=[[Frederick III, Duke of Austria|'''Frederick&nbsp;III'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1347–1362}}}}| Al3Au=[[Albert III, Duke of Austria|'''Albert&nbsp;III'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1349–1395}}}}| Le3Au=[[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|'''Leopold&nbsp;III'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1351–1386}}}}| Fr2Au='''Frederick&nbsp;II'''<br/>Duke of Austria<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1327–1344}}}}| Le2Au=[[Leopold II, Duke of Austria|'''Leopold&nbsp;II'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1328–1344}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |Al4Au| |WilAu| |Le4Au| |ErnAu| | | |Fr4Au| Al4Au=[[Albert IV, Duke of Austria|'''Albert&nbsp;IV'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1377–1404}}}}| WilAu=[[William, Duke of Austria|'''William'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|c. 1370–1406}}}}| Le4Au=[[Leopold IV, Duke of Austria|'''Leopold&nbsp;IV'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1371–1411}}}}| ErnAu=[[Ernest, Duke of Austria|'''Ernest'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1377–1424}}}}| Fr4Au=[[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|'''Frederick&nbsp;IV'''<br/>Duke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1382–1439}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |Al2Ge| | | | | | | |Fr3HR| |Al6Au| |SigAu| Al2Ge=[[Albert II of Germany|'''Albert&nbsp;II'''<br/>of Germany]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1397–1439}}}}| Fr3HR=[[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Frederick&nbsp;III'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1415–1493}}}}| Al6Au=[[Albert VI, Archduke of Austria|'''Albert&nbsp;VI'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1418–1463}}}}| SigAu=[[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|'''Sigismund'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1427–1496}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |La1Bo| | | | | | | |M1HRE| La1Bo=[[Ladislaus the Posthumous|'''Ladislaus'''<br/>the Posthumous]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1440–1457}}}}| M1HRE=[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Maximilian&nbsp;I'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1459–1519}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ph1Ca| Ph1Ca=[[Philip I of Castile|'''Philip&nbsp;I'''<br/>of Castile]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1478–1506}}}}}}
{{chart| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart| | |C5HRE| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F1HRE| C5HRE=[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Charles&nbsp;V'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1500–1558}}}}| F1HRE=[[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;I'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1503–1564}}}}}}
{{chart| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart| | |Ph2Sp| | | | | | | | | | | |M2HRE| | | | | | | | | |Fe2Au| | | | | | | |Ch2Au| Ph2Sp=[[Philip II of Spain|'''Philip&nbsp;II'''<br/>of Spain]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1527–1598}}}}| M2HRE=[[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Maximilian&nbsp;II'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1527–1576}}}}| Fe2Au=[[Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;II'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1529–1595}}}}| Ch2Au=[[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|'''Charles&nbsp;II'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1540–1590}}}}}}
{{chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart|CarAs| |Ph3Sp| |R2HRE| |ErnA2| |MaHRE| |Ma2Au| |Al7Au| |KarAu| |F2HRE| |MaxEr| |Le5Au| |Karlx| CarAs=[[Carlos, Prince of Asturias|'''Carlos'''<br/>Prince of Asturias]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1545–1568}}}}| Ph3Sp=[[Philip III of Spain|'''Philip&nbsp;III'''<br/>of Spain]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1578–1621}}}}| R2HRE=[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Rudolf&nbsp;II'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1552–1612}}}}| ErnA2=[[Archduke Ernest of Austria|'''Ernest'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1553–1595}}}}| MaHRE=[[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Matthias'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1557–1619}}}}| Ma2Au=[[Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria|'''Maximilian&nbsp;III'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1558–1618}}}}| Al7Au=[[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|'''Albert&nbsp;VII'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1559–1621}}}}| KarAu=[[Charles, Margrave of Burgau|'''Charles'''<br/>Margrave of Burgau]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1560–1618}}}}| F2HRE=[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;II'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1578–1637}}}}| MaxEr=[[Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria|'''Maximilian Ernest'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1583–1616}}}}| Le5Au=[[Leopold V, Archduke of Austria|'''Leopold&nbsp;V'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1586–1632}}}}| Karlx=[[Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw|'''Charles'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1590–1624}}}}}}
{{chart| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.}}
{{chart| | |Ph4Sp| |CarSp| |CIFer| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F3HRE| |LeWAu| |FeCAu| |SiFAu| Ph4Sp=[[Philip IV of Spain|'''Philip&nbsp;IV'''<br/>of Spain]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1605–1665}}}}| CarSp=[[Archduke Charles of Austria (1607–1632)|'''Charles'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1607–1632}}}}| CIFer=[[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria|'''Ferdinand'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1609/10–1641}}}}| F3HRE=[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;III'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1608–1657}}}}| LeWAu=[[Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria|'''Leopold Wilhelm'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1614–1662}}}}| FeCAu=[[Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria|'''Ferdinand Charles'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1628–1662}}}}| SiFAu=[[Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria|'''Sigismund Francis'''<br/>Archduke of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1630–1665}}}}}}
{{chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.}}
{{chart|BaCAs| |CH2Sp| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Fe4Hu| |L1HRE| |ChJAu| BaCAs=[[Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias|'''Balthasar Charles'''<br/>Prince of Asturias]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1629–1646}}}}| CH2Sp=[[Charles II of Spain|'''Charles&nbsp;II'''<br/>of Spain]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1661–1700}}}}| Fe4Hu=[[Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;IV'''<br/>King of the Romans]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1633–1654}}}}| L1HRE=[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Leopold&nbsp;I'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1640–1705}}}}| ChJAu=[[Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria|'''Charles Joseph'''<br/>of Austria]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1649–1664}}}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |J1HRE| |C4HRE| J1HRE=[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Joseph&nbsp;I'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1678–1711}}}}| C4HRE=[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Charles&nbsp;VI'''<br/>HRE]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1685–1740}}}}}}
{{chart/end}}
{{chart bottom}}

===Later Habsburgs===


Similarly, this family tree only includes male scions of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine who survived to adulthood:


[[Image:Habsburg-Lorraine Genealogy.PNG|1000px]]

==Monarchs of the House of Habsburg==
The Habsburg Empire was never composed of a single unified and unitary state as Bourbon France, Hohenzollern Germany, or Great Britain was.  It was made up of an accretion of territories that owed their historic loyalty to the head of the house of Habsburg as hereditary lord.  The Habsburgs had mostly married the heiresses of these territories, most famously of Spain and the Netherlands.  They used their coats of arms then as a statement of their right to rule all these territories.  As there were many territories, so their arms were complex and reflected the waxing and waning position of the Habsburgs within European power politics.  It was not until the 19th century (see below [[House of Habsburg#Arms of Dominion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire|Arms of Dominion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire]]) that the arms began to take on their own life as symbols of a state which may have an existence outside of the Habsburg dynasty.  A complete listing of the arms can be found at the [[:fr:Armorial des Habsbourg|Habsburg Armory]].

===Ancestors===
* [[Guntram, Count of Habsburg|Guntram the Rich]] (ca. 930–985 / 990) Father of:<ref name="burkeI">[[Hugh Massingberd|Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh]]. "[[Burke's Peerage|Burke’s]] Royal Families of the World: ''Volume I Europe & Latin America'', 1977, pp. 18, 32. {{ISBN|0-85011-023-8}}</ref>  The chronology of the [[Muri Abbey]], burial place of the early Habsburgs, written in the 11th century, states that ''Guntramnus Dives'' (Guntram the Rich), was the ancestor of the [[House of Habsburg]]. Many historians believe this indeed makes Guntram the progenitor of the [[House of Habsburg]]. However, this account was 200 years after the fact, and much about him and the origins of the Habsburgs is uncertain.<ref>{{cite book|author=Heinz-Dieter Heimann|title=Die Habsburger: Dynastie und Kaiserreiche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHQea0JsytMC|year=2001|page=22|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-44754-9}}</ref>  If true, as Guntram was a member of the member of '''[[Etichonids|Etichonider]]''' family, it would link the Habsburg lineage to this family.
* [[Lanzelin, Count of Habsburg|Lanzelin]] of [[Altenburg]] (died 991). Besides Radbot, below, he had sons named [[Rudolph I, Count of Habsburg|Rudolph I]], [[Werner I, Bishop of Strasbourg|Wernher]], and Landolf.

===Counts of Habsburg===
[[File:Rangkronen-Fig. 18.svg|right|100px]]
[[File:Arms of Counts of Habsbourg.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.45|Arms of the Counts of Habsburgs. The Habsburgs all but abandoned this for the arms of Austria. It only reappeared in their triarch family arms in 1805.]]

Before [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph]] rose to [[Holy Roman Emperor|German king]], the Habsburgs were [[Counts of Baden]] in what is today southwestern Germany and [[Switzerland]].<ref name="burkeI"/>

* [[Radbot, Count of Habsburg|Radbot]] of [[Klettgau]], built the [[Habsburg Castle]] (c. 985 – 1035<!--note: sometimes date of death is given as 1045, see http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radbot and http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radbot -->). Besides Werner I, he had two other sons: [[Otto I, Count of Habsburg|Otto I]], who would become Count of [[Sundgau]] in the [[Alsace]], and [[Albert I, Count of Habsburg|Albrecht I]].  Founded the [[Muri Abbey]], which became the first burial place of members of the House of Habsburg. It is possible that Radbot founded the castle [[Habsburg Castle|Habichtsburg]], the residence of the [[House of Habsburg]], but another possible founder is [[Werner I, Count of Habsburg|Werner I]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Andreas Bönner|title=Die Religionspolitik der Habsburger Kaiser in der Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hcL40Flzf5AC|year=2010|publisher=GRIN Verlag| page=7|isbn=978-3-640-50510-4}}</ref>
* [[Werner I, Count of Habsburg|Werner I]], Count of Habsburg (1025/1030–1096). Besides Otto II, there was another son, [[Albert II, Count of Habsburg|Albert II]], who was [[Vogt|reeve]] of [[Muri, Aargau|Muri]] from 1111–1141 after the death of Otto II.
* [[Otto II, Count of Habsburg|Otto II]] of Habsburg; first to name himself as "of Habsburg"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/habsburger-list?sort_bef_combine=field_estimated_date_range%20ASC#1|title=The World of Habsburgs|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> (died 1111) Father of:
* [[Werner II, Count of Habsburg|Werner II]] of Habsburg (around 1135; died 1167) Father of:
* [[Albert III, Count of Habsburg|Albrecht III]] of Habsburg (''the Rich''), died 1199. Under him, the Habsburg territories expanded to cover most of what is today the [[German language|German-speaking]] part of [[Switzerland]]. Father of:
* [[Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg|Rudolph II]] of Habsburg (b. c. 1160, died 1232) Father of:
* [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albrecht IV]] of Habsburg, (died 1239 / 1240); father of Rudolph IV of Habsburg, who would later become king [[Rudolph I of Germany]]. Between [[Albrecht IV]] and his brother [[Rudolph III, Count of Habsburg|Rudolph III]], the Habsburg properties were split, with Albrecht keeping the [[Aargau]] and the western parts, the eastern parts going to Rudolph III. Albrecht IV was also a mutual ancestor of [[Sophia Chotek]] and of her husband [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]]

===Dukes/Archdukes of Austria===
[[File:Ducal Hat of Styria.svg|right|100px]]
[[File:Gules a fess argent.svg|thumb|right|100px|The arms of [[:de:Bindenschild|Austria]], originally belonging to the Babenburg dukes. They became all but synonmous with the Habsburgs, as the Habsburgs all but abandoned their own arms for these.]]

In the late [[Middle Ages]], when the Habsburgs expanded their territories in the east, they usually ruled as dukes of the [[Duchy of Austria]] which covered only what is today [[Lower Austria]] (''Niederösterreich'') and the eastern part of [[Upper Austria]] (''Oberösterreich''). The Habsburg possessions also included the rest of what was then called [[Inner Austria]] (''Innerösterreich''), i.e. the [[Duchy of Styria]], and then expanded west to include the [[Duchy of Carinthia]] and [[Carniola]] in 1335 and the [[German Tyrol|Count of Tirol]] in 1363. Their original scattered possessions in the southern [[Alsace]], south-western Germany and [[Vorarlberg]] were collectively known as [[Further Austria]].

The senior Habsburg dynast generally ruled [[Lower Austria]] from Vienna as [[archduke]] ("paramount duke") of the [[Duchy of Austria]]. The Styrian lands had already been ruled in [[personal union]] by the [[House of Babenberg|Babenberg]] dukes of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] since 1192 and were finally seized with the Austrian lands by the Habsburg king [[Rudolph I of Germany]] upon his victory in the 1278 [[Battle on the Marchfeld]]. In 1335 Rudolph's grandson Duke [[Albert II, Duke of Austria|Albert II of Austria]] also received the Carinthian duchy with the adjacent [[March of Carniola]] at the hands of Emperor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis the Bavarian]] as Imperial fiefs.

The Habsburg dukes gradually lost their homelands south of the [[Rhine]] and [[Lake Constance]] to the expanding [[Old Swiss Confederacy]]. Unless mentioned explicitly, the dukes of Austria also ruled over Further Austria until 1379, after that year, Further Austria was ruled by the Princely Count of Tyrol. Names in ''italics'' designate dukes who never actually ruled.

When Albert's son Duke [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|Rudolf IV of Austria]] died in 1365, his younger brothers [[Albert III, Duke of Austria|Albert III]] and [[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold III]] quarrelled about his heritage and in the [[Treaty of Neuberg]] of 1379 finally split the Habsburg territories: The Albertinian line would rule in the Archduchy of Austria proper (then sometimes referred to as "Lower Austria" (''Niederösterreich''), but comprising modern [[Lower Austria]] and most of [[Upper Austria]]), while the Leopoldian line ruled in the Styrian, Carinthian and Carniolan territories, subsumed under the denotation of "Inner Austria". At that time their share also comprised Tyrol and the original Habsburg possessions in Swabia, called [[Further Austria]]; sometimes both were collectively referred to as "Upper Austria" (''Oberösterreich'') in that context, also not to be confused with the modern state of that name.

After the death of Leopold's eldest son [[William, Duke of Austria|William]] in 1406, the Leopoldinian line was further split among his brothers into the Inner Austrian territory under [[Ernest, Duke of Austria|Ernest the Iron]] and a Tyrolean/Further Austrian line under [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Frederick IV]]. In 1457 Ernest's son Duke [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick V]] of Inner Austria also gained the Austrian archduchy after his Albertine cousin [[Ladislaus the Posthumous]] had died without issue. 1490 saw the reunification of all Habsburg lines, when Archduke [[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|Sigismund]] of Further Austria and Tyrol resigned in favour of Frederick's son [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]. In 1512, the Habsburg territories were incorporated into the Imperial [[Austrian Circle]].

[[File:Carte archiduché Autriche.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map of showing the constituent lands of the [[Archduchy of Austria]]: the [[Duchy of Austria]] comprising [[Upper Austria]] centred around Linz and [[Lower Austria]] centered around Vienna, [[Inner Austria]] comprising duchies of [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and [[Duchy of Carniola|Carniola]] and the lands of the [[Austrian Littoral]] centered on Graz, and [[Further Austria]] comprising mostly the [[Sundgau]] territory with the town of [[Belfort]] in southern Alsace, the adjacent [[Breisgau]] region east of the [[Rhine]], and usually the [[County of Tyrol]].  The part between Further Austria and the duchy of Austria was the [[Archbishopric of Salzburg]].]]

''[[Archduke]] of Austria'', was invented in the ''[[Privilegium Maius]]'', a 14th-century forgery initiated by Duke [[Rudolf IV of Austria]]. Originally, it was meant to denote the "ruler" (thus "Arch-") of the [[duchy of Austria]], usually from [[Vienna]], in an effort to put the Habsburgs on a par with the [[Prince-elector]]s, as Austria had been passed as hereditary prince-electors of the empire when the [[Golden Bull of 1356]] assigned that title to the highest ranking [[Imperial prince]]s. The Holy Roman Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] refused to recognise the title.

The archducal title was only officially recognized in 1453 by [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick III]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Genealogisches Hanbduch des Adels, Furstliche Hauser Band XIV | publisher=C. A. Starke Verlag | year=1991 | location=Limburg ad der Lahn, Germany | pages=91–93 | isbn=3-7980-0700-4}}</ref> Emperor Frederick III himself used just "Duke of Austria", never ''Archduke'', until his death in 1493. The title was first granted to Frederick's younger brother, Albert VI of Austria (died 1463), who used it at least from 1458.

In 1477, Frederick III also granted the title ''archduke'' to his first cousin, [[Sigismund of Austria]], ruler of [[Further Austria]].
Frederick's son and heir, the future [[Emperor Maximilian I]], started to use the title, but apparently only after the death of his wife [[Mary of Burgundy]] (died 1482), as ''Archduke'' never appears in documents issued jointly by Maximilian and Mary as rulers in the [[Low Countries]] (where Maximilian is still titled "Duke of Austria"). The title appears first in documents issued under the joint rule of Maximilian and [[Philip I of Castile|Philip]] (his under-age son) in the Low Countries.

''Archduke'' was initially borne by those dynasts who ruled a [[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburg territory]], i.e., only by males and their consorts, [[appanage]]s being commonly distributed to [[cadet]]s. But these "junior" ''archdukes'' did not thereby become independent hereditary rulers, since all territories remained vested in the Austrian crown. Occasionally a territory might be combined with a separate gubernatorial mandate ruled by an archducal cadet.

From the 16th century onward, ''archduke'' and its female form, ''archduchess'', came to be used by all the members of the House of Habsburg (e.g., Queen [[Marie Antoinette]] of France was born ''Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria''.

* ''[[Rudolph II of Austria|Rudolph II]]'', son of [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph I]], duke of Austria and Styria together with his brother 1282–1283, was dispossessed by his brother, who eventually would be murdered by one of Rudolph's sons.
* [[Albert I of Austria|Albert I]] (''Albrecht I''), son of [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph I]] and brother of the above, duke from 1282–1308; was [[Holy Roman Emperor]] from 1298–1308. See also [[#House of Habsburg|below]].
* ''[[Rudolph III of Austria|Rudolph III]]'', oldest son of Albert I, designated duke of Austria and Styria 1298–1307
* [[Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick ''the Handsome'']] (''Friedrich der Schöne''), brother of Rudolph III. Duke of Austria and Styria (with his brother Leopold I) from 1308–1330; officially co-regent of emperor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] since 1325, but never ruled.
* [[Leopold I of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold I]], brother of the above, duke of Austria and Styria from 1308–1326.
* [[Albert II of Austria|Albert II]] (''Albrecht II''), brother of the above, duke of Further Austria from 1326–1358, duke of Austria and Styria 1330–1358, duke of Carinthia after 1335.
* [[Otto, Duke of Austria|Otto ''the Jolly'']] (''der Fröhliche''), brother of the above, duke of Austria and Styria 1330–1339 (together with his brother), duke of Carinthia after 1335.
* [[Rudolph IV of Austria|Rudolph IV ''the Founder'']] (''der Stifter''), oldest son of Albert II. Duke of Austria and Styria 1358–1365, Duke of [[German Tyrol|Tirol]] after 1363.

After the death of Rudolph IV, his brothers [[Albert III of Austria|Albert III]] and [[Leopold III of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold III]] ruled the Habsburg possessions together from 1365 until 1379, when they split the territories in the [[Treaty of Neuberg]], Albert keeping the [[Duchy of Austria]] and Leopold ruling over [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], [[Carniola]], the [[Windic March]], [[German Tyrol|Tirol]], and [[Further Austria]].

===Albertine line: Dukes of Austria===
[[File:Ducal Hat of Styria.svg|right|75px]]

* [[Albert III of Austria|Albert III]] (''Albrecht III''), duke of Austria until 1395, from 1386 (after the death of Leopold) until 1395 also ruled over the latter's possessions.
* [[Albert IV of Austria|Albert IV]] (''Albrecht IV''), duke of Austria 1395–1404, in conflict with Leopold IV.
* [[Albert V of Austria|Albert V]] (''Albrecht V''), duke of Austria 1404–1439, [[Holy Roman Emperor]] from 1438–1439 as [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert II]]. See also [[#House of Habsburg|below]].
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus Posthumus]], son of the above, duke of Austria 1440–1457.

===Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol (Inner Austria)===
[[File:Ducal Hat of Styria.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Armoiries Habsbourg-Styrie.svg|right|75px]]

* [[Leopold III of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold III]], duke of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, and Further Austria until 1386, when he was killed in the [[Battle of Sempach]].
* [[William of Austria|William]] (''Wilhelm''), son of the above, 1386–1406 duke in [[Inner Austria]] (Carinthia, Styria)
* [[Leopold IV of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold IV]], son of Leopold III, 1391 regent of Further Austria, 1395–1402 duke of Tyrol, after 1404 also duke of Austria, 1406–1411 duke of Inner Austria

====Leopoldine-Inner Austrian sub-line====
[[File:Ducal Hat of Styria.svg|right|75px]]
:* [[Ernest of Austria (Habsburg)|Ernest ''the Iron'']] (''der Eiserne''), 1406–1424 duke of [[Inner Austria]], until 1411 together and competing with his brother Leopold IV.
:* [[Frederick V of Austria|Frederick V]] (''Friedrich''), son of Ernst, became [[Holy Roman Emperor|emperor]] [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] in 1440. He was duke of Inner Austria from 1424 on. Guardian of [[Sigismund of Austria|Sigismund]] 1439–1446 and of [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus Posthumus]] 1440–1452. See also [[#House of Habsburg|below]].
:* [[Albert VI of Austria|Albert VI]] (''Albrecht VI''), brother of the above, 1446–1463 regent of Further Austria, duke of Austria 1458–1463
:* ''Ernestine line'' of [[Rulers of Saxony|Saxon princes]], ancestor of [[George I of Great Britain]]-descended from sister of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]; also [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse]] King of Finland 1918

====Leopoldine-Tyrol sub-line====
[[File:Ducal Hat of Styria.svg|right|75px]]
:* [[Frederick IV of Austria|Frederick IV]] (''Friedrich''), brother of Ernst, 1402–1439 duke of Tyrol and Further Austria
:* [[Sigismund of Austria|Sigismund]], also spelled ''Siegmund'' or ''Sigmund'', 1439–1446 under the tutelage of the Frederick V above, then duke of Tyrol, and after the death of Albrecht VI in 1463 also duke of Further Austria.

===Reuniting of Habsburg possessions===
Sigismund had no children and adopted [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], son of duke Frederick V (emperor Frederick III). Under Maximilian, the possessions of the Habsburgs would be united again under one ruler, after he had re-conquered the [[Duchy of Austria]] after the death of [[Matthias Corvinus]], who resided in [[Vienna]] and styled himself duke of Austria from 1485–1490.

====King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors prior to the reunion of the Habsburg possessions====
[[File:Heraldic Imperial Crown (Common).svg|right|75px]]
*[[Rudolph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph I]], emperor 1273–1291 (never crowned) [[File:Emperor Rudolf I Arms.svg|50px]]
*[[Albert I, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert I]], emperor 1298–1308 (never crowned) [[File:Armoiries empereur Albert Ier.svg|50px]]
*[[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert II]], emperor 1438–1439 (never crowned) -ancestor of Empress [[Catherine II of Russia]] [[File:Armoiries empereur Albert II.svg|50px]]
*[[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]], emperor 1440–1493 [[File:Armoiries empereur Frédéric III.svg|50px]]

====Kings of Hungary and Bohemia prior to the reunion of the Habsburg possessions====
[[File:Crown of Saint Stephen.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Crown of St. Wenceslas.svg|right|75px]]
* [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert]], king of Hungary and Bohemia (1437–1439) [[File:Armoiries Albert II de Habsbourg.svg|50px]]
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus V Posthumus]], king of Hungary (1444–1457) and Bohemia (1453–1457) [[File:Coa Hungary Country History Ladislaus V (1440 – 1457).svg|50px]]

===Holy Roman Emperors, Archdukes of Austria===
[[Image:Heraldic Imperial Crown (Common).svg|right|75px]]<br/>
[[Image:Archducal Coronet.svg|right|75px]]

The title [[Archduke]] of Austria, the one most famously associated with the Habsburgs, was invented in the [[Privilegium Maius]], a 14th-century forgery initiated by Duke [[Rudolf IV of Austria]]. Originally, it was meant to denote the ruler of the (thus 'Arch')duchy of [[Austria]], in an effort to put that ruler on par with the [[Prince-elector]]s, as Austria had been passed over in the [[Golden Bull of 1356]], when the [[Prince-elector|elector]]ships had been assigned. Holy Roman Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] refused to recognize the title. [[Ladislaus the Posthumous]], Duke of Austria, who died in 1457, was never in his lifetime authorized to use it, and accordingly, not he nor anyone in his branch of the dynasty ever used the title.

Duke [[Ernest of Austria (Habsburg)|Ernest the Iron]] and his descendants unilaterally assumed the title "archduke".  This title was only officially recognized in 1453 by his son, [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick III]], when the [[Habsburg]]s had (permanently) gained control of the office of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. Emperor Frederick III himself used just Duke of Austria, never Archduke, until his death in 1493.

Frederick's son and heir, the future [[Emperor Maximilian I]], started to use the title, but apparently only after the death of his wife [[Mary of Burgundy]] (died 1482) as the title never appears in documents of joint Maximilian and Mary rule in the [[Low Countries]] (where Maximilian is still titled Duke of Austria). The title appears first in documents of joint Maximilian and [[Philip I of Castile|Philip]] (his under-age son) rule in the Low Countries. It only gained currency with Charles V and the descendants of his brother, the Emperor Ferdinand.

*[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], emperor 1508–1519 [[Image:Coat of arms of Maximilan of Hapsburg as archduke of Austria.svg|50 px]] [[Image:Coat of arms of Maximilan of Hapsburg as consort to Mary of Burgundy.svg|50 px]] [[File:Austria-Burgundy Arms.svg|50px]] [[File:Max I wapp.svg|50px]] [[File:Armoiries empereur Maximilien Ier.svg|50px]]
*[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], emperor 1519–1556, his arms are explained in an [[Coat of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|article about them]] [[File:Arms of Charles II of Spain (1668-1700).svg|50px]] [[File:Arms of Charles I of Spain, Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor-Or shield variant (1530-1556).svg|50px]]

=== Titular Dukes of Burgundy, Lords of the [[Seventeen Provinces|Netherlands]] ===
[[File:Cross of Burgundy-Gules and Link.svg|right|75px]]<br/>
[[File:Coat of Arms of Philip IV of Burgundy.svg|right|75px]]

The reigning duke of Burgundy, [[Charles the Bold]], was the chief political opponent of Maximilian's father Frederick III. Charles controlled not only Burgundy (both dukedom and county), but the wealthy and powerful [[Burgundian Netherlands|Southern Netherlands]], current [[Flanders]], the real center of his power.  Frederick was concerned about Burgundy's expansive tendencies on the western border of his [[Holy Roman Empire]], and to forestall military conflict, he attempted to secure the marriage of Charles's only daughter, [[Mary of Burgundy]], to his son Maximilian. After the [[Siege of Neuss]] (1474–75), he was successful. The wedding between Maximilian and Mary took place on the evening of 16 August 1477, after the death of Charles.<ref name=heimann_frederick>Heinz-Dieter Heimann: Die Habsburger. Dynastie und Kaiserreiche. {{ISBN|3-406-44754-6}}. pp. 38–45.</ref>  Mary and the Habsburgs lost the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] to France, but managed to defend and hold onto the rest what became the 17 provinces of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]].  After Mary's death in 1482, Maximilian acted as regent for his son:

*[[Philip the Handsome]] (1482–1506) [[File:Coat of arms of Philipp of Austria 1483-1485.svg|50px]] [[File:Arms of Philip IV of Burgundy.svg|50px]]
*[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] (1506–1555) [[File:Arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor as Heir of Philip the Handsome.svg|50px]] [[File:Arms of Philip IV of Burgundy.svg|50px]]
*[[Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy]], regent (1507–1515) and (1519–1530) [[File:Coat of arms of Margaret of Austria (princess of Spain).svg|50px]] [[File:Coat of arms of Margaret of Austria (duchess of Savoy).svg|50px]] [[File:Coat of arms of Margaret of Austria (countess of Burgundy).svg|50px]]
*[[Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)|Mary of Hungary]], dowager queen of Hungary, sister of Charles V, governor of the Netherlands, 1531–1555 [[File:Coat of Arms of Mary of Austria as Queen of Hungary.svg|50px]] [[File:Coat of Arms of Mary of Austria as Dowager Queen of Hungary.svg|50px]]
*[[Margaret of Parma]], illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Duchess of Parma, and mother of [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]], governor 1559–1567 [[File:Coat of Arms of Margareth of Parma Before her Marriage.svg|50px]]
*[[John of Austria|Don John of Austria]], illegitimate son of Charles V, victor of Lepanto, governor of the Netherlands, 1576–1578 [[File:Coat of Arms of John of Austria (1545-1578).svg|100px]]
*[[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]], son of Margaret of Parma, governor of the Netherlands, 1578–1592 [[File:Armoiries Parme 1586.svg|50px]]

The Netherlands were frequently governed directly by a [[List of Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|regent or governor-general]], who was a collateral member of the Habsburgs.  By the [[Pragmatic Sanction of 1549]] Charles V combined the Netherlands into one administrative unit, to be inherited by his son Philip II.  Charles effectively united the Netherlands as one entity.  The Habsburgs controlled the 17 Provinces of the Netherlands until the [[Dutch Revolt]] in the second half of the 16th century, when they lost the seven northern Protestant provinces.  They held onto the southern Catholic part (roughly modern [[Belgium]] and [[Luxembourg]]) as the [[Spanish Netherlands|Spanish]] and [[Austrian Netherlands]] until they were conquered by French Revolutionary armies in 1795.  The one exception to this was the period of (1601–1621), when shortly before [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] died on 13 September 1598, he renounced his rights to the Netherlands in favor of his daughter [[Isabella Clara Eugenia|Isabella]] and her fiancé, [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Archduke Albert of Austria]], a younger son of Emperor [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]].  The territories reverted to Spain on the death of Albert in 1621, as the couple had no surviving offspring, and Isabella acted as regent-governor until her death in 1633:

*the [[Archduke]]s [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert]] and [[Isabella Clara Eugenia|Isabella]], 1601-1621 [[File:Coat of Arms of Archduke Albert of Austria as Governor-Monarch of the Low Countries.svg|75px]] [[File:Coat of Arms of Infanta Isabella of Spain as Governor Monarch of the Low Countries.svg|50px]]

===King of England===
*[[Philip II of Spain]] (''[[Jure uxoris]]'' King, with [[Mary I of England]] 1554–1558)

=== Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain, Kings of Portugal (1581–1640) ===
{{See also|Spanish Habsburgs|Philippine Dynasty}}
[[File:Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg|right|100px]]

[[File:Full Ornamented Coat of Arms of Philip II of Spain (1580-1598).svg|center|thumb|300px|Coat of arms of Spanish Habsburgs (1581–1621 Version) showing the shield as kings of Portugal.  Portugal regained its independence in 1640, and when Spain acknowledged this in 1668, it was removed.]]

The [[Habsburg Spain|Habsburg Kingdom(s) of Spain]] were more a personal union of possessions of the Habsburg king and dynast, who was King of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Valencia, sometime of Portugal, Naples and Sicily, Duke of Milan, and Lord of the Americas, as well as Duke of Brabant, Count of Flanders and Holland, Duke of Luxemburg (i.e. all the [[Habsburg Netherlands]]). A listing of a number of the titles can be seen [[Philip II of Spain#Titles, honours, and styles|here.]]  The dynast (head of the Spanish Habsburgs, i.e. the King, showed this wide range of claims in his arms.  There are many more variants of these arms in the [[:fr:Armorial des Habsbourg#Branche aînée (Espagnole)|Habsburg Armory, Spanish Section]] as well as [[coat of arms of the King of Spain]], [[coat of arms of Spain]], [[coat of arms of the Prince of Asturias]], and [[coats of arms of Spanish Monarchs in Italy]].  The Spanish Habsburgs also kept up the Burgundian court tradition of the dynast being known by a "nickname" (e.g. the Bold, the Prudent, the Bewitched).<ref name="en.wikipedia.org">[[List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: C]]</ref>  In Spain they were known as the "[[:es:Casa de Austria|"Casa de Austria"]], and illegitimate sons were known as "de Austria" (see [[John of Austria|Don Juan de Austria]] and [[John of Austria the Younger|Don Juan José de Austria]]).

*[[Philip I of Castile|Philip I of Castile the Handsome]],<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> second son of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], founded the Spanish Habsburgs in 1496 by marrying [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna the Mad]], daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Philip died in 1506, leaving the thrones of Castile and Aragon to be inherited and united into the throne of Spain by his son: [[File:Coat of Arms of Philip I of Castile.svg|50px]]
*[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I]] 1516–1556, ''aka Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; divided the House into Austrian and Spanish lines'' The meanings of his arms are analyzed [[Coat of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|here]]. [[File:Arms of Charles II of Spain (1668-1700).svg|50px]] [[File:Middle Arms of Charles I of Spain, Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor-Middle (1530-1556).svg|50px]]
*[[Philip II of Spain|Philip II the Prudent]]<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> 1556–1598, also [[Philip II of Spain|Philip I]] of Portugal 1581–1598 and Philip I of England with his wife [[Mary I of England]] 1554–1558. The meanings of his arms are analyzed [[Philip II of Spain#Heraldry|here]]. [[File:Arms of Philip II of Spain (1558-1580).svg|50px]]. [[File:Royal Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg|50px]]
*[[Philip III of Spain|Philip III the Pious]],<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> also [[Philip III of Spain|Philip II]] of Portugal 1598–1621 [[File:Royal Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg|50px]]
*[[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV the Great]]<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> 1621–1665, also [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip III]] of Portugal 1621–1640 [[File:Royal Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg|50px]]
*[[Charles II of Spain|Charles II the Bewitched ( "El Hechizado")]]<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> 1665–1700 [[File:Arms of Charles II of Spain (1668-1700).svg|50px]]

The [[War of the Spanish Succession]] took place after the extinction of the Spanish Habsburg line, to determine the inheritance of Charles II.

[[File:Dinasty Habsburg (Spain) family tree by shakko (EN).jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Spanish branch's family tree with connections to Emperors' branch]]

=== Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors, Kings of Hungary and Bohemia, Archdukes of Austria ===
[[Image:Heraldic Imperial Crown (Common).svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Crown of Saint Stephen.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Crown of St. Wenceslas.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Archducal Coronet.svg|right|75px]]

The main junior line of the house ruled the [[Duchy of Austria]], as well as the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] and the [[Kingdom of Hungary]].  The dynasty however was split up again in 1564 among the children of deceased Emperor [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I of Habsburg]]. The Inner Austrian line founded by Archduke [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles II]] prevailed again, when his son and successor as regent of [[Inner Austria]] (i.e. the [[Duchy of Styria]], the [[Duchy of Carinola|Duchy of Carniola with March of Istria]], the [[Duchy of Carinthia]], the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca, and the [[Trieste|Imperial City of Trieste]], ruled from [[Graz]]) [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]] in 1619 became Archduke of Austria and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] as well as [[Kingdom of Bohemia|King of Bohemia]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] in 1620. The Further Austrian/Tyrolean line of Ferdinand's brother Archduke [[Leopold V, Archduke of Austria|Leopold V]] survived until the death of his son [[Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Further Austria|Sigismund Francis]] in 1665, whereafter their territories ultimately returned to common control with the other Austrian Habsburg lands. Inner Austrian [[stadtholder]]s went on to rule until the days of Empress [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] in the 18th century.

*[[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], emperor 1556–1564 [[File:Armoiries empereur Ferdinand Ier.svg|50px]] ([[Imperial Crypt#Founders' Family|→Family Tree]])
*[[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], emperor 1564–1576 [[File:Armoiries empereur Ferdinand Ier.svg|50px]]
*[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]], emperor 1576–1612 [[File:Armoiries empereur Rodolphe II.svg|50px]]
*[[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], emperor 1612–1619 [[File:Armoiries empereur Rodolphe II.svg|50px]]
*[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], emperor 1619–1637 [[File:Armoiries empereur Ferdinand III.svg|50px]]
*[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], emperor 1637–1657 [[File:Armoiries empereur Charles IV.svg|50px]]([[Imperial Crypt#Emperor Ferdinand III's family|→Family Tree]])
*[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], emperor 1658–1705 [[File:Armoiries empereur Rodolphe II.svg|50px]]
*[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Josef I]], emperor 1705–1711 [[File:Armoiries empereur Ferdinand Ier.svg|50px]]
*[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]], emperor 1711–1740 [[File:Arms of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor-Or shield variant.svg|50px]]
*[[Maria Theresa of Austria]], Habsburg heiress and wife of emperor [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]], reigned as Archduchess of Austria and Queen of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Bohemia]] 1740–1780.

The [[War of the Austrian Succession]] took place after the extinction of the male line of the Austrian Habsburg line upon the death of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]].  The direct Habsburg line itself became totally extinct with the death of [[Maria Theresa of Austria]], when it was followed by the [[House of Lorraine]], styled '' of Habsburg-Lorraine''.
[[File:Dinasty Habsburg (HRR) family tree by shakko (DE).jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Holy Roman Emperors and their families]]

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Holy Roman Emperors, Kings of Hungary and Bohemia, Archdukes of Austria ===
[[Image:Heraldic Imperial Crown (Common).svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Crown of Saint Stephen.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Crown of St. Wenceslas.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:T08 Grossherzog.svg|right|75px]]
*[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]], emperor 1745–1765 [[File:Armoiries empereur François Ier.svg|50px]] (→[[Imperial Crypt#Emperor Ferdinand III's family|Family Tree]])
*[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], emperor 1765–1790 [[File:Armoiries empereur Joseph II.svg|50px]]
*[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]], emperor 1790–1792 [[File:Armoiries empereur Léopold II.svg|50px]] (→[[Imperial Crypt#Empress Maria Theresia's Family|Family Tree]])
*[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]], emperor 1792–1806 [[File:Armoiries empereur Léopold II.svg|50px]] (→[[Imperial Crypt#Emperor Leopold II's family|Family Tree]])
Queen [[Maria Christina of Austria]] of Spain, great-granddaughter of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]] above. Wife of [[Alfonso XII]] of Spain and mother of [[Alfonso XIII]] of the [[House of Bourbon]]. Alfonso XIII's wife [[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]] was descended from King [[George I of Great Britain]] from the Habsburg Leopold Line {above}.

The House of Habsburg-Lorraine retained Austria and attached possessions after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; see below.

A son of Leopold II was [[Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria|Archduke Rainer of Austria]] whose wife was from the [[House of Savoy]]; a daughter [[Maria Adelaide of Austria|Adelaide, Queen of Sardina]] was the wife of King [[Victor Emmanuel II]] of [[Piedmont]], [[Savoy]], and [[Sardinia]] and [[King of Italy]]. Their Children married into the Royal Houses of [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]; [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] {Bragança} {Portugal}; [[Savoy]] {Spain}; and the Dukedoms of [[Montferrat]] and [[Chablis]].

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Emperors of Austria ===
[[File:Imperial Crown of Austria (Heraldry).svg|right|75px]]<br/>
[[File:Wappen Habsburg-Lothringen Schild.svg|right|75px]]

[[File:Coat of Arms of Emperor Franz Joseph I.svg|thumb|center|400px|Small Coat of Arms of the Austrian Empire adopted by Francis I in 1804. On the center is the Small (personal) Coat of arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine adopted by Emperor Francis I.  It shows (left to right) the arms of Habsburg, which had all but been abandoned in favor of Austria when the Habsburgs acquired Austria, the Arms of Austria, and the Arms of Lorraine.]]
*[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]], Emperor of Austria 1804–1835: formerly ''Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor'' [[File:Armoiries Léopold II Habsbourg Lorraine.svg|50px]] [[File:Wappen Habsburg-Lothringen Schild.svg|50px]]
(→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])
*[[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]], Emperor of Austria 1835–1848 [[File:Habsburg Personal Arms Ferdinand I.PNG|50px]]
*[[Francis Joseph of Austria|Francis Joseph]], Emperor of Austria 1848–1916. [[File:Habsburg Personal Arms Franz Joseph and Charles.PNG|50px]]
*[[Charles I of Austria|Charles I]], Emperor of Austria 1916–1918. He died in exile in 1922. His wife was of the [[Bourbon-Parma|House of Bourbon-Parma]]. [[File:Habsburg Personal Arms Franz Joseph and Charles.PNG|50px]]

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Grand dukes of Tuscany ===
[[File:Coat of arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Tuscany line).svg|right|75px]]
*[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephen]] 1737–1765 ''(later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor)''

Francis Stephen assigned the grand duchy of Tuscany to his second son Peter Leopold, who in turn assigned it to his second son upon his accession as Holy Roman Emperor.  Tuscany remained the domain of this cadet branch of the family until [[Italian unification]].

*[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Peter Leopold]] 1765–1790 ''(later Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor)''
*[[Ferdinand III of Tuscany|Ferdinand III]] 1790–1800, 1814–1824 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Tuscan line|Family Tree]])
*[[Leopold II of Tuscany|Leopold II]] 1824–1849, 1849–1859 [[File:Armoiries Léopold II Habsbourg Lorraine.svg|50px]]
*[[Ferdinand IV of Tuscany|Ferdinand IV]] 1859–1860

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Tuscany line, post monarchy ===
[[File:Coat of arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Tuscany line).svg|right|75px]]
* [[Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinand IV]] 1860–1908<!---heads of this line after Ferdinand IV may have used the title of grand duke, which Sigismund currently does--->
* [[Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany|Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany]] 1908–1942
* [[Archduke Peter Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany]] 1942–1948
* [[Archduke Gottfried, Prince of Tuscany]] 1948–1984
* [[Archduke Leopold Franz, Prince of Tuscany]] 1984–1993
* [[Archduke Sigismund, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] 1993–present

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Austria-Este): Dukes of Modena ===
The duchy of [[Modena]] was assigned to a minor branch of the family by the [[Congress of Vienna]]. It was lost to [[Italian unification]]. The Dukes named their line the House of Austria-Este, as they were descended from the daughter of the last D'Este Duke of Modena.

*[[Francis IV of Modena|Francis IV]] 1814–1831, 1831–1846 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Empress Maria Theresia's Family|Family Tree]])
*[[Francis V, Duke of Modena|Francis V]] 1846–1848, 1849–1859

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Modena line, post monarchy ===
[[File:Lesser coat of arms of the House of Austria-Este.svg|right|75px]]
* [[Francis V, Duke of Modena|Francis V]] (1859–1875) [[File:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1846.svg|50px]]
* [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este & Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary]] (1875–1914)[[File:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1875.svg|50px]]
* [[Karl I of Austria|Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1914–1917)
* [[Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1917–1996) [[File:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1914.svg|50px]]
* [[Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este|Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1996–Present)

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: [[Archduchess]] of [[Austria]], [[Empress consort]] of [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] and [[Queen consort]] of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] ===
[[Don (honorific)|Dona]] [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria]] (22 January 1797 – 11 December 1826) was an [[archduchess]] of [[Austria]], [[Empress consort]] of [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] and [[Queen consort]] of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]

===House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Empress consort of France===
*  Marie Louise of Austria 1810–1814

===House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Duchess of Parma===
The duchy of Parma was likewise assigned to a Habsburg, but did not stay in the House long before succumbing to [[Italian unification]]. It was granted to the second wife of [[Napoleon I of France]], Maria Luisa Duchess of Parma, a daughter of the [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]], who was the mother of [[Napoleon II of France]]. Napoleon had divorced his wife Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie (better known to history as [[Josephine de Beauharnais]]) in her favour.

*[[Marie Louise of Austria|Maria Luisa]] 1814–1847 (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])

=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Emperor of Mexico ===
[[File:Coat of arms of Mexico (1864-1867).svg|thumb|right|150px|Coat of Arms of the Mexican Empire adopted by Maximilian I in 1864]]
Maximilian, the adventurous second son of Archduke Franz Karl, was invited as part of [[Napoleon III]]'s manipulations to take the throne of [[Mexico]], becoming Emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]]. The conservative [[Mexican nobility]], as well as the clergy, supported this [[Second Mexican Empire]]. His consort, [[Charlotte of Belgium]], a daughter of King [[Leopold I of Belgium]] and a princess of the [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha]], encouraged her husband's acceptance of the Mexican crown and accompanied him as [[Charlotte of Belgium|Empress Carlota of Mexico]]. The adventure did not end well. Maximilian was shot in [[Cerro de las Campanas]], [[Santiago de Querétaro|Querétaro]], in 1867 by the republican forces of [[Benito Juárez]].

*[[Maximilian of Mexico|Maximilian I]] (1864–1867) (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])

==House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg (post-monarchy)==
Charles I was expelled from his domains after World War I and the empire was abolished.
[[File:Habsburg Lothringen.png|right|thumb|150px|Current personal arms of the head of the house of Habsburg, claiming only the personal title of [[Archduke]]]]

*[[Karl of Austria|Charles I]] (1918–1922) (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])
*[[Otto von Habsburg]] (1922–2007)<ref>{{cite web|title=Otto von Habsburg, heir to Austria's last emperor, dies at 98|url=http://www.thelocal.de/society/20110704-36065.html#.UNCe5ZPjnNU|work=The Local: Germany's News in English|accessdate=18 December 2012}}</ref>
*[[Zita of Bourbon-Parma]], guardian, (1922–1930)
*[[Karl von Habsburg]], (2007–present)

see [[Line of succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne]]

==Burials==
{{Main|Imperial Crypt, Vienna|El Escorial#Pantheon of the Kings|Palatinal Crypt}}

== Kings of Hungary ==
The kingship of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] remained in the Habsburg family for centuries; but as the kingship was not strictly inherited (Hungary was an elective monarchy until 1687) and was sometimes used as a training ground for young Habsburgs, as "Palatine" of Hungary, the dates of rule do not always match those of the primary Habsburg possessions. Therefore, the kings of Hungary are listed separately.
[[File:Crown of Saint Stephen.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Arms of Hungary.svg|right|75px]]

===Albertine line: Kings of Hungary===
* [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert]], king of Hungary 1437–1439
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus V Posthumus]], King of Hungary 1444–1457

===Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary===
* [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], king of Hungary 1526–1564
* [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], king of Hungary 1563–1576
* [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf I]], king of Hungary 1572–1608
* [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias II]], king of Hungary 1608–1619
* [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], king of Hungary 1618–1637
* [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], king of Hungary 1625–1657
* [[Ferdinand IV of Germany|Ferdinand IV]], king of Hungary 1647–1654
* [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], king of Hungary 1655–1705
* [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]], king of Hungary 1687–1711
* [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles III]], king of Hungary 1711–1740
* [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]], queen of Hungary 1741–1780

===House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Kings of Hungary===
[[File:Crown of Saint Stephen.svg|right|75px]]
[[File:Coa Hungary Country History Mid (1915).svg|right|75px]]
* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], king of Hungary 1780–1790
* [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]], king of Hungary 1790–1792
* [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis]], king of Hungary 1792–1835
* [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand V]], king of Hungary and Bohemia 1835–1848
* [[Francis Joseph of Austria|Francis Joseph I]], king of Hungary 1867–1916
* [[Karl of Austria|Charles IV]], king of Hungary 1916–1918

== Kings of Bohemia ==
[[File:Crown of St. Wenceslas.svg|right|90px]]
[[File:Blason Boheme.svg|right|90px]]
The kingship of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] was from 1306 a position elected by its nobles.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} As a result, it was not an automatically inherited position. Until the rule of Ferdinand I, Habsburgs didn't gain hereditary accession to the throne and were displaced by other dynasties. Hence, the kings of Bohemia and their ruling dates are listed separately. The Habsburgs became hereditary kings of Bohemia in 1627. By their acquisition of the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]] in 1526 the Habsburgs secured the highest rank among the secular prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire.

===Main line===
* [[Rudolph I of Bohemia|Rudolph I]], king of Bohemia 1306–1307

===Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia===
* [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert]], king of Bohemia 1437–1439
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus Posthumus]], king of Bohemia 1453–1457

===Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia===
* [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], king of Bohemia 1526–1564
* [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], king of Bohemia 1563–1576
* [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph II]], king of Bohemia 1572–1611
* [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], king of Bohemia 1611–1618
* [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], king of Bohemia 1621–1637
* [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], king of Bohemia 1625–1657
* [[Ferdinand IV of Germany|Ferdinand IV]], king of Bohemia 1647–1654
* [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], king of Bohemia 1655–1705
* [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]], king of Bohemia 1687–1711
* [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]], king of Bohemia 1711–1740
* [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]], queen of Bohemia 1743–1780

===House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Kings of Bohemia===

* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], king of Bohemia 1780–1790
* [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]], king of Bohemia 1790–1792
* [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis]], king of Bohemia 1792–1835
* [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand V]], king of Bohemia 1835–1848
* [[Francis Joseph of Austria|Francis Joseph I]], king of Bohemia 1848–1916
* [[Karl of Austria|Charles III]], king of Bohemia 1916–1918

== Family name Habsburg ==
Most royal families did not have a family name until the 19th century. They were known as "of" (in German von) based on the main territory they ruled.  For example, sons, daughters, grandsons and granddaughters of a ruling French King were known as "of France" (see [[House of Bourbon#Surnames used|Wikipedia on House of Bourbon]]).  The name "Capet" was an invention of the French Revolutionaries.  "Bourbon" was in some sense the name of the house as it was differentiated from the previous Valois kings.  Princes and Princesses of the royal house of England were known as "of England", or later "Great Britain" (see [[House of Windsor]]) or "of" the main title associated with their parent (see [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William of Wales]]). In the Middle Ages, princes of England were often known by the town or castle of their birth (see [[John of Gaunt]], [[Henry IV of England|Henry Bolingbroke]], or [[Henry V of England|Henry of Monmouth]]). Even when the royal family had a last name (see [[House of Tudor]], [[House of Stuart]] or [[House of Windsor]]), it was not used in their titles.

Similarly, the Habsburg name was used as one of the subsidiary titles of the rulers above, as in "Princely Count of Habsburg" (see above under Habsburg-Lorraine).  The Habsburg arms (see above) were displayed only in the most complete (great arms) of the prince.  The dynasty was known as the "house of Austria".  Most of the princes above were known as Archduke xyz "of Austria" and had no need of a surname. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] was known in his youth after his birthplace as "Charles of Ghent".  When he became king of the Spains he was known as "Charles of Spain", until he became emperor, when he was known as Charles V ("Charles Quint").  In Spain, the dynasty was known as the [[:es:casa de Austria|"casa de Austria"]], and illegitimate sons were given the title of "de Austria" (see [[John of Austria|Don Juan de Austria]] and [[John of Austria the Younger|Don Juan José de Austria]]).  The arms displayed in their simplest form were those of Austria, which the Habsburgs had made their own, at times impaled with the arms of the Duchy of Burgundy (ancient).

{| border="0" align="center" width="100%"
|-
!width=25% |[[File:Arms of Maximilian I of Habsburg.svg|center|100px]]
!width=25% |[[File:Habsburg Lorraine.png|center|100px]]
!width=25% |[[File:Habsburg Lorraine Tuscany.png|center|100px]]
!width=25% |[[File:Habsburg Lorraine Trishield.png|center|100px]]
|-
|<center><small>Arms of Austria impaled with Burgundy (ancient).  The most personal arms of Austrian princes from 1477 until 1740 ([[:fr:Armorial des Habsbourg|see here]]</small></center>
|<center><small>Personal Arms of Joseph II and Marie Antoinette showing Austria impaled with Lorraine.</small></center>
|<center><small>Tripartite personal arms of Leopold II and Francis II/I showing Austria, Lorraine and Tuscany, and used by the House of Habsburg-Tuscany (see [[Archduke Sigismund, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]).</small></center>
|<center><small>Tripartite personal arms of the "Habsburg" ruling house after 1805 showing the return to prominence of the Habsburg arms.  Used today by most archdukes/archduchesses.</small></center>
|}

When Maria Theresa married the duke of Lorraine, Francis Stephen (see above), there was a desire to show that the ruling dynasty continued as did all its inherited rights, as the ruling dynasty's right to rule was based on inherited legitimate birthright in each of the constituent territories.  Using the concept of "Habsburg" as the traditional Austrian ruler was one of those ways.  When Francis I became Emperor of Austria, there was an even further reinforcement of this by the reappearance of the arms of Habsburg in the tripart personal arms of the house with Austria and Lorraine.  This also reinforced the "Germaness" of the Austrian Emperor and his claim to rule in Germany against the Prussian Kings, or at least to be included in "Germany".  As Emperor Francis Joseph wrote to Napoleon III „Nein, ich bin ein deutscher Fürst“ <ref>1: [[Wolfgang Menzel (Literaturhistoriker)|Wolfgang Menzel]]: ''Die letzten 120 Jahre der Weltgeschichte'', Band 6 (1740-1860), Adolph Krabbe, Stuttgart 1860, S. 211 {{Google books|NQAIAAAAIAAJ|Online|page=211}}<br />2.: Wolfgang Menzel: ''Supplementband zu der Geschichte der letzten 40 Jahre (1816-1856).'' Adolph Krabbe, Stuttgart 1860, S. 153 {{Google books|IMRBAAAAcAAJ|Online|page=153}}<br />Aus diesem wurde später: „Sire, ich bin ein deutscher Fürst“:<br />Hermann Struschka: ''Kaiser Franz Josef I.'' Georg Szelinski, Wien 1888, S. 22 {{Google books|BUMpAAAAYAAJ|Online|page=22}}<br />Es kommt auch in der anglifizierten Schreibung „Sir, ich bin deutscher Fürst“ vor.<br />''Stenographische Protokolle – Abgeordnetenhaus – Sitzungsprotokolle. Haus der Abgeordneten'' – 14. Sitzung der XVIII. Session am 16. Juli 1907, S. 1337 [http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=spa&datum=00180003&zoom=2&seite=00001337&x=6&y=11 alex.onb.ac.at] 3: [[wikiquote:de:Franz Joseph I. von Österreich]]</ref>  In the genealogical table above, some younger sons who had no prospects of the throne, were given the personal title of "count of Habsburg".

Today, as the dynasty is no longer on the throne, the surname of members of the house is taken to be "von Habsburg" or more completely "von Habsburg-Lothringen" (see [[Otto von Habsburg]] and [[Karl von Habsburg]]).  Princes and members of the house use the Tripartite arms shown above, generally forgoing any imperial pretentions.

==Arms of Dominion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire==
The arms of dominion began to take on a life of their own in the 19th century as the idea of the state as independent from the Habsburg dynasty took root.  They are the national arms as borne by a sovereign in his capacity as head of state and represent the state as separate from the person of the monarch or his dynasty.  That very idea had been, heretofore, foreign to the concept of the Habsburg state.  The state had been the personal property of the Habsburg dynast.  Since the states, territories, and nationalities represented were in many cases only united to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by their historic loyalty to the head of the house of Habsburg as hereditary lord, these full ("grand") arms of dominion of Austria-Hungary reflect the complex political infrastructure that was necessarily to accommodate the many different nationalities and groupings within the empire after the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]].

[[File:Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria.svg|thumb|left|360px|Shield of the Austrian part of the empire (1867–1915).]]
[[File:Coat of arms of Austria-Hungary with numbers 1867-1915.png|thumb|left|360px|Enumeration]]

After 1867 the eastern part of the empire, also called [[Transleithania]], was mostly under the domination of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]].  The shield integrated the [[Coat of Arms of Hungary|arms of the kingdom of Hungary]], with two angels and supporters and the crown of St. Stephen, along with the territories that were subject to it:

The [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]], the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]], the [[Kingdom of Slavonia]] (conjoined with Croatia as the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]] - formally known as the [[Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia]], although the claim to Dalmatia was mostly [[de jure]]), the [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Great Principality of Transylvania]], the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina in Austria-Hungary|Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1915–1918), the [[Corpus separatum (Fiume)|City of Fiume and its district]] (modern [[Rijeka]]), and in the center, the Kingdom of Hungary.

The western or Austrian part of the empire, ''[[Cisleithania]]'', continued using the shield of the Empire in 1815 but with the seals of various member territories located around the central shield. Paradoxically, some of these coats of arms belonged to the territories that were part of the Hungarian part of the empire and shield. This shield, the most frequently used until 1915, was known as the middle shield. There was also the small shield, with just the personal arms of the Habsburgs, as used in 1815.

{| cellpadding="5" style="margin:auto;"  class="wikitable"
|-
!|'''I '''
!|'''II '''
!|'''III '''
!|'''IV '''
!|'''V '''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg|35px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Königreich Galizien & Lodomerien.png|55px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Erzherzogtum Österreich unter der Enns.png|55px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Herzogtum Salzburg.png|45px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Herzogtum Steiermark.png|60px]]
|-
!|<small>'''[[Kingdom of Hungary]]'''</small>
!|<small>'''[[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]]'''</small>
!|<small>'''[[Archduchy of Austria]]'''</small>
!|<small>'''[[Duchy of Salzburg]]'''</small>
!|<small>'''[[Duchy of Styria]]'''</small>
|-
!|'''VI'''
! colspan="2" |'''VII'''
! colspan="2" |'''VIII'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Gefürstete Grafschaft Tirol.png|60px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Herzogtum Kärnten.png|60px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Herzogtum Krain.png|60px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Markgrafschaft Mähren.png|60px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Herzogtum Schlesien.png|60px]]
|-
!|<small>'''[[County of Tyrol|Duchy of Tirol]]'''</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>'''[[Duchy of Carinthia]] and [[Duchy of Carniola]]'''</small> <small>([[Heraldry#Marshalling|''Marshalled'']])</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>'''[[Margraviate of Moravia]] and [[Duchy of Silesia]]'''</small> <small>([[Heraldry#Marshalling|''Marshalled'']])</small>
|-
!|'''IX'''
!|'''X'''
!|'''XI'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen.png|45px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:CoA of Kingdom of Illyria.svg|65px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Königreich Böhmen.png|60px]]
|-
!|<small>'''[[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Great Principality of Transylvania]]'''</small>
!|<small>'''[[Kingdom of Illyria (1816–49)|Kingdom of Illyria]]'''</small>
!|<small>'''[[Kingdom of Bohemia]]'''</small>
|}

===Version of 1915===
In 1915, in the middle of World War I, Austria-Hungary adopted a heraldic composition uniting the shield that was used in the Hungarian part, also known as the [[Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen]], with a new version of the medium shield of the Austrian part as depicted above in the section on the main line of the Emperors of Austria.

Before 1915, the arms of the different territories of the Austrian part of the Empire (heraldry was added to some areas not shown in the previous version and to the left to the Hungarian part) appeared together in the shield positioned on the double-headed eagle coat of arms of the Austrian Empire as an inescutcheon. The eagle was inside a shield with a gold field. The latter shield was supported by two griffins and was topped by the Austrian Imperial Crown (previously these items were included only in the large shield). Then, shown in the center of both arms of dominion, as an inescutcheon to the inescutcheon, is the small shield, i.e. personal arms, of the Habsburgs. All this was surrounded by the collar [[Order of the Golden Fleece]]<ref>H. Ströhl: ''Die neuen österreichischen, ungarischen und gemeinsamen Wappen. Hrsg. auf Grund der mit d. allerhöchsten Handschreiben vom 10. u. 11. Okt. 1915, bezw. 2. u. 5. März 1916 erfolgten Einführung.'' Viena 1917.</ref><ref name="DIEM">{{cite web |url=http://peter-diem.at/History/doppeladler.htm |title=Diem, P. ''Die Entwicklung des österreichischen Doppeladlers'' |accessdate=5 July 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Wappen Österreichische Länder 1915 (Mittel).png|thumb|center|600px|Middle Coat of arms of the Austrian part of the Empire in 1915. It shows as a center shield (inescutcheon) the personal arms of Habsburg-Lorraine over the arms of dominions of the Habsburg lands. It usually had the personal arms of Habsburg-Lorraine in the center.]]

In the heraldic composition of 1915, the shields of the two foci of the empire, Austria and Hungary, were brought together. The griffin supporter on the left was added for Austria and an angel on the right as a supporter for Hungary. The center featured the personal arms of the Habsburgs (Habsburg, Austria and Lorraine). This small shield was topped with a royal crown and surrounded by the collar of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]], below which was the [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]], below which was the collars of the Orders of [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary|St. Stephen's]] and [[Order of Leopold (Austria)|Leopold]]. At the bottom was the motto that read "AC INDIVISIBILITER INSEPARABILITER" ("indivisible and inseparable"). There were other simplified versions which did not have the supports depicted, and the simple shields of Austria and Hungary.  These were the arms of the Empire of Austria with an inescutcheon of Austria, and the Arms of Hungary (with chequer of Croatia at the tip).

[[File:Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg|thumb|center|700px|Middle Common Coat of Arms of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1915 showing most of the larger possessions of the Austrian Empire (left shield) and the Kingdom of Hungary (right shield). The personal arms of the Habsburg-Lorraines is in the center. The collection of territories that acknowledged the head of the Habsburgs as personal ruler shown by this representation put the Empire at a distinct disadvantage in comparison with the unified nation states that it shared the continent of Europe with.]]

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| colspan="3" |<center> '''[[Cisleithania|Austrian Lands]]'''</center>
|-
! style="width:50%;"|Shield
! style="width:5%;"|Partition
! style="width:65%;"|Territory
|-
|<center>[[File:Austrian shield.jpg|230px]][[File:Wappen Österreichische Länder 1915 (Mittel) Numbers.png|230px]]||<center>'''I <br />II <br />III <br />IV<br /> V <br />VI <br />VII <br />VIII <br />IX<br /> X <br />XI<br /> XII <br />XIII<br /> XIV<br /> XV<br /> XVI<br /> XVII<br /> XVIII<br /> XIX<br /> XX'''</center>|| [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]]<br />[[Kingdom of Bohemia]]<br />[[Kingdom of Dalmatia]]<br />[[Austrian Silesia|Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia]]<br />[[Duchy of Salzburg]]<br />[[Margraviate of Moravia]]<br />[[County of Tirol]]<br />[[Duchy of Bukovina]]<br />[[Vorarlberg#History|Province of Vorarlberg]]<br />[[March of Istria#Habsburg Margraviate|Margraviate of Istria]]<br />[[County of Gorizia#Habsburg|County of Gorizia]] <small>(part of the [[Gorizia and Gradisca|Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca]])</small> <br />[[Gorizia and Gradisca#Province of the Habsburg Empire|County of Gradisca]]<small> (also part of the [[Gorizia and Gradisca|Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca]])</small><br />[[Bosnia and Herzegovina#Austro-Hungarian rule (1878–1918)|Province of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] <small> (''Conjoined'')</small> <br />[[Imperial Free City of Trieste]]<br />[[History of Austria#Redivision of the Habsburg lands (1564–1620)|Archduchy of Lower Austria]]<br />[[History of Austria#Redivision of the Habsburg lands (1564–1620)|Archduchy of Upper Austria]]<br />[[Duchy of Styria]]<br />[[Duchy of Carniola]]<br />[[Duchy of Carinthia]]<br />[[Archduchy of Austria]]
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| colspan="3" |<center>'''[[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen|Territories of the crown of St. Stephen]]'''</center>
|-
! style="width:50%;"|Shield
! style="width:5%;"|Partition
! style="width:65%;"|Territory
|-
|<center>[[File:Coa Hungary Country History Mid (1915).svg|190px|border]][[File:Wappen Ungarische Länder 1915 (Mittel) Numbers.png|190px|border]]||<center>'''I <br />II <br />III <br />IV<br /> V <br />VI <br />VII '''</center>|| [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]] <small>(''Legally Hungarian'')</small><br />[[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]<br />[[Kingdom of Slavonia]]<br />[[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]]<br />[[Bosnia and Herzegovina#Austro-Hungarian rule (1878–1918)|Province of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]<small> (''Conjoined'')</small><br />[[Corpus separatum (Fiume)|City of Fiume and its district]]<br />[[Kingdom of Hungary]]
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| colspan="3" |<center>'''Personal Shield of the Dynasty'''</center>
|-
! style="width:50%;"|Shield
! style="width:5%;"|Partition
! style="width:65%;"|Significance
|-
|<center>[[File:Habsburg Lorraine Trishield.png|140px]]||<center>'''I <br />II <br />III'''</center>||Count of Habsburg<br />[[Archduke of Austria]]<br />[[Duke of Lorraine]]
|}

===Gallery===
{| style="margin:auto;"  class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Ungarische Länder 1867 (Mittel).png|260px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Coa Hungary Country History med (1915).svg|260px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria (1815).svg|240px]]
|-
!|<small>'''Arms of the [[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen]] (1867–1915)'''</small>
!|<small>'''Arms of the [[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen]] (1915–1918)'''</small>
!|<small>'''Small Arms of Austria ([[Cisleithania]])(1805–1918)''' </small>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Imperial Coat of Arms of Austria.svg|160px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Coat of Arms of Emperor Franz Joseph I.svg|260px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Wappen Österreich-Ungarn 1916 (Klein).png|250px]]
|-
!|<small>'''Simple Arms of Cisleithania (1915–1918)'''</small>
!|<small>'''Personal Arms of the Emperor [[Franz Josef]] (1848–1916)'''</small>
!|<small>'''Simple Arms of the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the empire. (1915–1918)'''</small>
|}

==See also==
{{col div|3}}
* [[A.E.I.O.U.]]
* [[Austria-Hungary]]
* [[Austrian Empire]]
* [[Dukes of Lorraine family tree]]
* [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
* [[Habsburg family tree]]
* [[Habsburg Monarchy]]
* [[Habsburg Spain]]
** [[Monarchs of Spain family tree]]
* [[Kings of Germany family tree]]
* [[List of rulers of Austria]]
* [[List of rulers of Lorraine]]
* [[Royal intermarriage]]
* [[Prognathism|Mandibular prognathism]] ("Habsburg lip")
* [[Mayerling Incident]]
* [[Ottoman–Habsburg wars]]
* [[Thirty Years' War]]
{{col div end}}
<gallery>
In der Burg Jan 2008 pano.jpg|[[Hofburg Palace]], Vienna
Schloss Schönbrunn Wien 2014 (Zuschnitt 2).jpg|[[Schönbrunn Palace]], Vienna
Pražský hrad s katedrálou z Petřína.JPG|[[Prague Castle]] 
Buda--Castles01.jpg|[[Buda Castle]] 
File:Vista aerea del Monasterio de El Escorial.jpg|[[El Escorial]] 
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Agamov A.M. ''Dynasties of Europe 400--2016: Complete Genealogy of Sovereign Houses'' (In Russian). URSS, Moscow, 2017. P. 27-33
* Brewer-Ward, Daniel A. ''The House of Habsburg: A Genealogy of the Descendants of Empress Maria Theresia''. Clearfield, 1996.
* Crankshaw, Edward. ''The Fall of the House of Habsburg''. Sphere Books Limited, London, 1970. (first published by Longmans in 1963)
* Evans, Robert J. W. ''The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700: An Interpretation''. Clarendon Press, 1979.
* McGuigan, Dorothy Gies. ''The Habsburgs''. Doubleday, 1966.
* Palmer, Alan. ''Napoleón and Marie Louise''  Ariel Mexico, 2003.
* Wandruszka, Adam. ''The House of Habsburg: Six Hundred Years of a European Dynasty''. Doubleday, 1964 (Greenwood Press, 1975).

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Habsburg}}
{{Commons category}}
* http://habsburg.yolasite.com/ The Habsburg Family Association
* [http://otto.twschwarzer.de/ "Erzherzog Dr. Otto von Habsburg" (Autorisierte Ehrenseite) in German]
* [http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/ Habsburg Biographies]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110907140352/http://www.habsburg.webs.com/ Habsburg History]
* [http://www.surnameweb.org/registry/h/a/b/habsburg.shtml Habsburg Resource Centre on SurnameWeb]
* http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Rulers/hapsburg3.html
* [http://www.chh.de.free.fr/archiv/Sonstiges/habsburg.php Genealogical tree of the house of Habsburg (up until Maria Theresia)]
* {{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg1.html |title= Genealogy of the Habsburgs from Genealogy.eu |publisher=[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/ Genealogy.EU]}}
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/5158513/Inbreeding-caused-demise-of-the-Spanish-Habsburg-dynasty-new-study-reveals.html "Inbreeding caused demise of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, new study reveals"] (15 April 2009)
*[http://coinshome.net/en/dynasty.htm?action=view&dynasty=z6IK.GJAd1IAAAEtl2DwgJP8 Family tree of the Kings of the House of Habsburg]

{{S-start}}
{{s-royalhouse|House of Habsburg||12th century}}
{{s-bef|rows=1|before=[[Přemyslid dynasty]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Austria]]|years=1282–1453}}
{{s-non|reason=Duchy Elevated <br /><small>''Became Archduchy'''''</small>}}
|-
{{s-new|rows=1|reason=Union of Austria and Hungary}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Archduchy of Austria]]|years=1453–1780}}
{{s-non|rows=4|reason=[[House of Lorraine|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]] <br /><small>''Extinction of direct male line'''''</small>}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[House of Jagiellon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary]]|years=1526–1780}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]|years=1527–1780}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]|years=1526–1780}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Aviz]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Portugal]] and [[Kingdom of the Algarve|the Algarves]]|years=1580–1640}}
{{s-aft|after=[[House of Braganza]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Trastámara]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Spain]]|years=1504–1700}}
{{s-aft|rows=4|after=[[House of Bourbon]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Savoy]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Sicily]]|years=1720–1734}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Valois]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] and the [[Burgundian Netherlands]]|years=1477–1700}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[House of Bourbon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Naples]]|years=1713–1735}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]|years=1713–1735}}
{{s-aft|after=[[House of Savoy]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] and the [[Burgundian Netherlands]]|years=1713–1780}}
{{s-aft|after=[[House of Lorraine|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]}}
{{s-end}}