View source for User:Darkzone

{{userpage}}

Hi welcome to my user page I am from New Orleans and lost my home so I will tell you about the storm.<!--ATTENTION EDITORS! Please note that this article is one of the most popular articles on wikipedia. As such, it is constantly watched by many people. VANDALISM is dealt with swiftly. If you would like to test editing capabilities, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox]].

This article uses [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for its references. When adding material to this page, please use this format when adding references. External links added directly to the article are subject to immediate deletion without notice.
-->{{Other hurricane uses|Tropical Storm Katrina (disambiguation)|the Atlantic hurricane of 2005}
{{Infobox Hurricane
| name=Hurricane Katrina
| image location=Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005 NASA.jpg
| category=cat5
| type=hurricane
| image name=Hurricane Katrina near peak strength on [[August 28]], [[2005]]
| formed=[[August 23]], [[2005]]
| dissipated=[[August 31]], [[2005]]
| highest winds=175&nbsp;[[mph]] (280&nbsp;[[km/h]])
| lowest pressure=902&nbsp;[[mbar]] ([[hPa]])
| total damages=$75&nbsp;billion&nbsp;(2005&nbsp;[[USD]]) (costliest [[Atlantic hurricane]] in history)
| total fatalities=≥1,605
| areas affected=[[Bahamas]], [[South Florida]], [[Cuba]], [[Louisiana]] (especially [[Greater New Orleans]]), [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[Florida Panhandle]], most of eastern [[North America]]
| hurricane season=[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]]
}}
{{Katrina}
'''Hurricane Katrina''' was the costliest and one of the deadliest [[tropical cyclone|hurricane]]s in the history of the [[United States]]. It was the eleventh named storm, fifth hurricane, third major hurricane, and second [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 5 hurricane]] of the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]], and was the sixth-strongest [[Atlantic hurricane]] ever recorded.

Katrina formed over the [[Bahamas]] on [[August 23]], [[2005]], and crossed southern [[Florida]] as a moderate [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 1 hurricane]] before strengthening rapidly in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and becoming one of the strongest hurricanes ever recorded in the Gulf. The storm weakened considerably before making its second landfall as a Category 3 storm on the morning of [[August 29]] in southeast Louisiana.

It is possible that Katrina was the largest hurricane of its strength to approach the United States in recorded history; its sheer size caused devastation over 100 miles from the center. The storm surge caused major or catastrophic damage along the coastlines of [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], and [[Alabama]], including the cities of [[Mobile, Alabama]], [[Biloxi, Mississippi|Biloxi]] and [[Gulfport, Mississippi]], and [[Slidell, Louisiana]]. [[Levee]]s separating [[Lake Pontchartrain]] from [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] were breached by the surge, ultimately flooding roughly 80% of the city and many areas of neighboring [[civil parish|parishes]]. Severe wind damage was reported well inland, and hurricane force wind gusts were reported from [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]] to [[Dothan, Alabama]].  Katrina is estimated to be responsible for over $115 billion (2005 [[US dollars]]) in damages, making it the costliest disaster in U.S. history. The storm has killed at least 1,604 people, making it the deadliest U.S. hurricane since the [[1928 Okeechobee Hurricane]].

==Storm history==
{{Main|Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina}}
[[Image:Katrina2005-colorIR.GIF|thumb|left|200px|Infrared image of Katrina near peak intensity.]]
Hurricane Katrina formed as Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas at 5:00 PM EDT on [[August 23]], [[2005]], partially from the remains of [[List of 2005 Atlantic hurricane season storms#Tropical Depression Ten|Tropical Depression Ten]]. The system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Katrina on the morning of [[August 24]], and became a hurricane only two hours before it made landfall around 6:30 PM EDT on [[August 25]] between [[Hallandale Beach, Florida|Hallandale Beach]] and [[Aventura, Florida]]. Katrina had a well-defined eye on doppler radar which remained intact throughout its passage over Florida. The storm weakened over land, but it regained hurricane status at 2:00 AM EDT about one hour after entering the Gulf of Mexico. Parts of the Florida Keys experienced tropical storm winds throughout [[August 26]], with the Dry Tortugas briefly experiencing hurricane-force winds.<ref name="KatrinaTCR">Knabb, Richard D.; Rhome, Jamie R.; Brown, Daniel P. "[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina: 23-30 August 2005]." ''[[National Hurricane Center]].'' [[December 20]], [[2005]].</ref>

The storm rapidly intensified during its first 24 hours after entering the Gulf, due in part to the storm's movement over the warm [[sea surface temperatures]] of the [[Loop Current]].<ref>Leben, Robert; Born, George; Scott, Jim. "[http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2005/358.html CU-Boulder Researchers Chart Katrina's Growth In Gulf Of Mexico]." ''[[University of Colorado at Boulder]].'' [[September 15]], [[2005]].</ref> On [[August 27]], the storm reached Category 3 intensity on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]], becoming the third major hurricane of the season. An [[eyewall#Eyewall replacement cycles|eyewall replacement cycle]] disrupted the intensification, but nearly doubled the size in the process. Katrina again rapidly intensified, attaining Category 5 status by 7:00 AM CDT on [[August 28]] and its peak at 1:00 PM CDT with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 902 [[mbar]]. The pressure made Katrina the fourth-most intense [[Atlantic hurricane]] on record, though it would be surpassed by Hurricanes [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]] and [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]] later in the season; it was also the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Gulf (later also broken by Rita).<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/>

Katrina made its second landfall at 6:10 AM CDT on [[August 29]] as a Category 3 Hurricane with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) near [[Buras-Triumph, Louisiana]]. At landfall, hurricane-force winds extended outward 120 mi (190 km) from the center and the storm's central pressure was 920 mbar. A few hours later, after weakening slightly, it made its third landfall near the Louisiana/Mississippi border with 120 mph (195 km/h) sustained winds, or Category 3 intensity, and producing record storm surges along the entire [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]] coastlines which ranged from 12 to as high as 37 feet.<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/>

Katrina maintained hurricane strength well into Mississippi, but weakened thereafter, finally losing hurricane strength more than 150&nbsp;mi (240&nbsp;km) inland, near [[Meridian, Mississippi]]. It was downgraded further to a [[tropical depression]] near [[Clarksville, Tennessee]] and literally broke in half. One half continued to race northward, and was last distinguishable in the eastern [[Great Lakes]] region on [[August 31]], while the other half slowly dissipated over the Southeast, producing a significant [[tornado outbreak]] from [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] to [[Pennsylvania]]. On [[August 31]], Katrina was absorbed by a frontal boundary and became a powerful extratropical low, causing moderate rain and gale-force winds in southeastern [[Quebec]]. By 11:00 PM EDT August 31 (0300 UTC [[September 1]]), no discernible circulation remained of the former major hurricane, at which point Katrina was dead. hey mister, who mister, dromeo!hey mister, who mister, dromeo!
hey mister, who mister, dromeo!
hey mister, who mister, dromeo!

==Preparations==
{{Main|Preparations for Hurricane Katrina}}
===South Florida===
Many living in the area were caught off guard when Katrina strengthened from a tropical storm to a hurricane in one day and struck southern [[Florida]] on [[August 25]], [[2005]]. [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) forecasts had overlooked  the strengthening and therefore, hurricane watches and warnings were not properly issued.<ref>"[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/pub/al122005.public.004.shtml Tropical Storm Katrina Advisory Number 4]." ''[[National Hurricane Center]].'' [[August 24]], [[2005]].</ref>

===Gulf Coast===
{{Expand section}
On [[August 27]], after Katrina crossed southern Florida and strengthened to a [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 3]] storm, [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] declared a state of emergency in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi two days before the hurricane made landfall<ref>Bush, George W. "[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/08/20050827-1.html Statement on Federal Emergency Assistance for Louisiana]." ''[[White House]].'' [[August 27]], [[2005]].</ref>.

On [[August 28]], the [[National Weather Service]] issued a bulletin predicting "devastating" damage of Katrina, which at that time rivaled the intensity of [[Hurricane Camille]]. Mandatory evacuations were issued for large areas of southeast [[Louisiana]] as well as coastal [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]].<ref>"[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/August_28_2005_10:11_AM_CDT_NOAA_Bulletin Urgent Weather Message]." ''[[National Weather Service]]/[[New Orleans, Louisiana]].'' [[August 28]], [[2005]].</ref>

By Sunday, [[August 28]], most infrastructure along the Gulf coast had been shut down, including all [[Canadian National Railway]] and [[Amtrak]] rail traffic into the evacuation areas as well as the [[Waterford Nuclear Generating Station]].<ref>"[http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Copy/Simple_Copy_Popup&c=am2Copy&cid=1093554014709 Service Alert: Hurricane Katrina Update - City of New Orleans, Crescent, Sunset Limited - Revised Service Information]." ''[[Amtrak]].'' [[September 1]], [[2005]].</ref>

===New Orleans===
[[Image:New Orleans Levee System.gif|thumb|300px|right|Vertical cross-section of New Orleans, showing maximum levee height of 23 feet (7 m).]]
{{See also|Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans}}
By [[August 26]], the possibility of unprecedented cataclysm was already being considered. Some computer models were putting the city of [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]] right in the center of their track probabilities; the chances of a direct hit were forecast at 17%, with strike probability rising to 29% by [[August 28]].<ref>"[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/prb/al122005.prblty.015.shtml Hurricane Katrina Probabilities Report Number 15]," & "[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/prb/al122005.prblty.021.shtml Hurricane Katrina Probabilities Report Number 21]." ''[[National Hurricane Center]].'' [[August 26]], [[2005]].</ref> This scenario was considered a potential catastrophe because 80% of the New Orleans metropolitan area is below sea level along [[Lake Pontchartrain]]. Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was forecast to be 28 ft (8.5 m), emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding.<ref>Drye, Willie. "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/08/0829_050829_hurricane.html Hurricane Katrina Pulls Its Punches in New Orleans]." ''[[National Geographic]].'' [[August 29]], [[2005]].</ref> This risk of devastation was well known; previous studies by [[Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States|FEMA]] and the [[Army Corps of Engineers]] had warned that a direct hurricane strike on New Orleans could lead to massive flooding, which would lead to thousands of drowning deaths, as well as many more suffering from disease and dehydration as the flood waters slowly receded from the city.<ref>Fischetti, Mark. "[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=00060286-CB58-1315-8B5883414B7F0000 Drowning New Orleans]." ''[[Scientific American]].'' October 2001.</ref><ref>Bourne, Joel K. "[http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0410/feature5/ Gone with the Water]." ''[[National Geographic]].'' October 2004.</ref><ref>"[http://www.nola.com/hurricane/?/washingaway/ Washing Away: Special Report from The Times-Picayune]." ''[[Times-Picayune]].'' [[June 23]]-27, 2002.</ref>

At a news conference 10:00 AM on [[August 28]], shortly after Katrina was upgraded to a [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 5]] storm, New Orleans mayor [[Ray Nagin]] ordered the first ever [[emergency evacuation|mandatory evacuation]] of the city, calling Katrina, "a storm that most of us have long feared".<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,167270,00.html Katrina Heads for New Orleans]." ''[[Fox News]]/[[Associated Press]].'' [[August 29]], [[2005]].</ref> The government also established several "refuges of last resort" for citizens who could not leave the city, including the massive [[Louisiana Superdome]], which sheltered approximately 26,000 people and provided them with food and water for several days as the storm came ashore.<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.nola.com/newslogs/breakingtp/index.ssf?/mtlogs/nola_Times-Picayune/archives/2005_08_28.html#074657 26,000 shelter at Superdome]." ''[[Times-Picayune]].'' [[August 28]], [[2005]].</ref>

The Louisiana State Evacuation Plan left the means of evacuation up to individual citizens, parish governments, and private caretakers; however, many private care-taking facilities who relied on the same bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation were unable to evacuate their charges. Fuel and rental cars were in short supply and many forms of public transportation had been shut down well before the storm arrived.<ref>Rulon, Malia; Scott, Katerine Hutt. "[http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050905/NEWS01/509050309/1009 Evacuation plan failed to consider those without transportation]." ''Burlington Free Press.'' [[March 11]], [[2006]].</ref>  Some estimates claimed that 80% of the 1.3 million residents of the greater New Orleans metropolitan area evacuated, leaving behind substantially fewer people than remained in the city during the [[Hurricane Ivan]] evacuation.<ref>Brown, Aaron. "[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0508/29/asb.01.html Hurricane Katrina Pummels Three States (Transcript of CNN Newsnight with Aaron Brown)]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[August 29]], [[2005]].</ref>

There was a major political flap over two claims: that hundreds of thousands of New Orleans residents were "unable" to evacuate; and that the hurricane hit black residents disproportionately hard.

==Impact==
{{Main|Hurricane Katrina effects by region}}
[[Image:New Orleans Survivor Flyover.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A U.S. Coast Guard [[HH-60 Jayhawk|Jayhawk helicopter]] crewman assists in search and rescue efforts.]]
[[Image:Structural_Bridge_Damage.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Highway 90 Pass Christian: Bay St. Louis bridge destroyed.]]
On [[August 29]], Katrina's [[storm surge]] caused several [[breach|breaches]] in [[levees]] around [[New Orleans]]. Most of the city was subsequently [[flood]]ed, as the breached drainage and navigation canals allowed water to flow from the lake into low areas of the city and [[Saint Bernard Parish]]. Storm surge also devastated the coasts of [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]], making Katrina the most destructive and costliest [[natural disaster]] in the history of the [[United States]], and the deadliest hurricane since the [[1928 Okeechobee Hurricane]].

The official combined (direct and indirect) [[death toll]] now stands at 1,604, the fourth or fifth highest in U.S. history (behind the [[Galveston Hurricane of 1900]], the [[Okeechobee Hurricane of 1928]], the [[1893 Chenier Caminanda Hurricane]], and possibly the [[1893 Sea Islands Hurricane]]). However, as of [[March 3]], [[2006]], more than 2,000 people still remain unaccounted for.<ref>Osunami, Steve. "[http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=1668003 Katrina's Missing Still Number in the Thousands]." ''[[ABC News]].'' [[February 28]], [[2006]].</ref> As of [[November 22]], [[2005]], 1,300 of those missing were either in heavily damaged areas or were disabled and feared dead; some are presumed washed out to sea. If all 1,300 missing were to be confirmed dead, Katrina would surpass the Okeechobee Hurricane and become the second deadliest storm in U.S. history and deadliest in over a century. <ref>Johnson, Kevin. "[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-11-21-katrina-missing_x.htm?csp=34 6,644 are still missing after Katrina; toll may rise]." ''[[USA Today]].'' [[November 21]], [[2005]].</ref>
{{Costliest US Atlantic hurricanes|align=left}}

The total [[damage]] caused by Katrina is estimated by over triple the previously most expensive storm, [[Hurricane Andrew]], making Katrina the most expensive disaster in U.S. history.<ref>Engber, Daniel. "[http://www.slate.com/id/2125582/ How Do They Estimate Hurricane Damage?]" ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]].'' [[September 2]], [[2005]].</ref>

[[Federal government of the United States|Federal]] disaster declarations covered 90,000 square miles ([[1 E11 m²|233,000 km²]]) of the United States, an area almost as large as the [[Geography of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]. The hurricane left an estimated three million people without electricity. While some less-damaged homes, mainly on New Orleans's West Bank, had power restored within days, as of [[February 26]], [[2006]], only a little over one-third of structures had electricity, and fewer have hot water or cooking gas.<ref>Callimachi, Rikmini. "[http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060226/NEWS01/602260329/1002 Half a year later, New Orleans still far from whole]." ''Shreveport Times.'' [[February 26]], [[2006]].</ref> On [[September 3]], [[2005]], [[Homeland Security]] Secretary [[Michael Chertoff]] described the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina as, "probably the worst catastrophe, or set of catastrophes," in the country's history, referring to the hurricane itself plus the flooding of New Orleans.<ref>"[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0509/03/cst.04.html The Aftermath of Katrina: Transcript of CNN Live Saturday]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[September 3]], [[2005]].</ref>
<div style="clear: both"></div>

===Death toll===
{|class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"
|+Deaths by State
|-
! State !! Deaths
|-
| [[Alabama]] || 2
|-
| [[Florida]] || 14
|-
| [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] || 2
|-
| [[Kentucky]] || 1
|-
| [[Louisiana]] || 1292
|-
| [[Mississippi ]] || 238
|-
| [[Ohio]] || 2
|-
| Unknown || 53
|-
! Total !! 1604
|-
| Missing|| 1840
|}
{{See also|Hurricane Katrina death toll by locality}}
As of [[March 20]], [[2006]], the confirmed death toll stood at 1,604, mainly from Louisiana (1,293) and Mississippi (238).<ref>"[http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/page.asp?ID=192&Detail=5248 Reports of Missing and Deceased]." ''Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals.'' [[April 18]], [[2006]].</ref> However, 705 people remain categorized as "missing" in Louisiana, so this number is not final even six months after the storm. <ref>Michelle Krupa "[http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/frontpage/index.ssf?/base/news-5/1141545589263750.xml Presumed Missing]" ''Times-Picayune'', March 5, 2006.</ref>

In hard-hit [[St. Bernard Parish]], which was flooded in its totality by Katrina, the search for the missing was slow. According to an interview in the [[Times-Picayune]], the coroner was still trying to get a list of missing from the [[Red Cross]] in November 2005. While there were some victims on this list whose bodies were found in their homes, the vast majority were tracked down through word-of-mouth and credit card records. As of December 2005, the official missing list in the Parish stood at 47.<ref>Cannizaro, Steve. "[http://www.sbpg.net/cannizaro121705a.html List of Missing Residents Down to 47, and More...]" ''St. Bernard Parish Government (press release).'' [[December 17]], [[2005]].</ref>. It was feared that shrimpers and oystermen who usually ride out storms in their boats may have been swept into the marshes by the surge.

After protracted arguments over who would handle the costs, DNA testing began in December 2005 to identify approximately 263 bodies that could not be identified by other means.<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/12/06/katrina.dna/ Three months later, DNA tests to start on Katrina bodies]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[December 6]], [[2005]].</ref>

===Internet===

The DirectNIC data center in downtown New Orleans was able to continue operations uninterrupted, due in large part to the efforts of a few determined individuals. They also worked to help procure fuel for telco providers, and provided a [[router]] for New Orleans' city hall, so that city officials could establish [[VoIP]] telephone service during the disaster. The effects of the storm disrupted the [[Optical Carrier#OC-12|OC-12]] [[Abilene Network]] [[Internet2]] link between Houston and Atlanta, as well as some of DirectNIC's many high-speed connections. A survey done by CyberTelecom on [[September 2]], found that 33% of web hosts in the city of New Orleans were not reachable.<ref>"[http://www.cybertelecom.org/security/katrina.htm Hurricane Katrina Website Availability]." ''CyberTelecom.'' [[September 2]], [[2005]].</ref>

Several telecommunications providers, including [[Verizon Wireless]], [[SBC Communications]], [[T-Mobile]], and [[Cingular]], provided evacuees with telephones for free local and long distance telephone service, as well as [[Wi-Fi]] hotspots for internet access in the Astrodome. [[Cisco]], [[Vonage]], and SBC also provided similar services at the Dallas Convention Center and [[Reunion Arena]] where another 8,000 refugees were sheltered.
rer

==Aftermath==
{{See also|Social effects of Hurricane Katrina|Political effects of Hurricane Katrina|Hurricane Katrina disaster relief}}

===Economic effects===
{{Main|Economic effects of Hurricane Katrina}}
The economic effects of the storm were far-reaching. As of [[April]], [[2006]], the Bush Administration has sought $105 Billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region, making it the costliest natural disaster in US history.<ref>St. Onge, Jeff; Epstein, Victor. "[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2006/04/01/ex_chief_says_fema_readiness_even_worse/ Ex-chief says FEMA readiness even worse]." ''Boston.com.'' [[April 1]], [[2006]].</ref> And this does not account for damage to the economy caused by potential interruption of the [[petroleum|oil]] supply and exports of commodities such as grain. The storm had also affected the casino and entertainment industry, as many of the Gulf Coast's casinos were destroyed or sustained considerable damage following the storm. The forestry industry in Mississippi was also affected, as many trees were destroyed. Furthermore, hundreds of thousands of local residents were left unemployed, which will have a trickle-down effect as less taxes are paid to local governments. Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]]. It is estimated that the total economic impact may reach as high as $250 billion.

Katrina also redistributed New Orleans' population across the southern United States.  Houston, TX saw an increase of 35,000 people, Mobile, AL gained over 24,000, Baton Rouge, LA over 15,000, and Hammond, LA gained over 10,000 nearly doubling its size.  As of May 10,2006, right at 200,000 were once again living in New Orleans, or less than 45% of the original population of the city.

===Looting and violence===
{{Main|Civil disturbances and military action in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina}}
[[Image:USBP-SRT-New Orleans.jpg|left|300px|thumb|A [[Border Patrol]] Special Response Team searches a hotel room-by-room in New Orleans in response to Hurricane Katrina.]]

Shortly after the hurricane ended on [[August 30]], some residents of New Orleans who remained in the city began [[looting]] stores. Many looters were in search of food and water that was not available to them due to the destruction, though many people stole non-essential items as well. Drug, convenience, clothing, and jewelry stores in the [[French Quarter]] and on [[Canal Street (New Orleans)|Canal Street]] were among the hardest hit. Looting also occurred in other towns throughout the disaster area.

Reports of carjacking, murders, thefts, and rapes flooded the news, but all but one of the stories were determined to likely be based on rumors.<ref>Rosenblatt, Sarah; Rainey, James. "[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/asection/la-na-rumors27sep27,0,5536446.story?track=hpmostemailedlink Katrina Rumors]." ''[[Los Angeles Times]].'' [[September 27]], [[2005]].</ref> Thousands of National Guard and federal troops were mobilized and sent to Louisiana along with numbers of local law enforcement agents from across the country who were temporarily deputized by the state. "They have [[M16|M-16]]s and are locked and loaded. These troops know how to shoot and kill and I expect they will," Kathleen Blanco said. Congressman [[Bill Jefferson]] (D-LA) told [[ABC News]]. "There was shooting going on. There was sniping going on. Over the first week of September, law and order was gradually restored to the city."<ref>Tapper, Jake. "[http://www.abcnews.go.com/US/HurricaneKatrina/story?id=1123495&page=1 Amid Katrina Chaos, Congressman Used National Guard to Visit Home]." ''[[ABC News]].'' [[September 13]], [[2005]].</ref> Several shootings were between police and New Orleans residents including the fatal incident at [[Industrial Canal#Bridges over the canal|Danziger Bridge]].<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9208195/ Police kill at least 5 in New Orleans]." ''[[MSNBC]].'' [[September 4]], [[2005]].</ref>

A number of arrests were made throughout the affected area including near the New Orleans Convention Center. A temporary jail was constructed of chain link cages in the city train station.<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.komotv.com/news/mnewsaction.asp?ID=39002 At the Train Station, New Orleans' Newest Jail is Open For Business]." ''[[KOMO-TV]].'' [[September 6]], [[2005]].</ref>

Some issues of racial bias in media coverage began to surface as Caucasian flood victims were portrayed in one [[Agence France-Presse]] photo as "finding" supplies, while a black person was described in an [[Associated Press]] photo as "looting" supplies. The photographers later clarified the two stories, one claiming he witnessed the black person looting a store, while the other photographer described the white people as finding the food floating in floodwaters, although many believe the photographers story was merely an attempt to excuse a racially biased comment. <ref>Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David. P. "[http://www.snopes.com/katrina/photos/looters.asp Loot Loops]." ''[[Snopes]].'' [[September 1]], [[2005]].</ref>

In Texas, where more than 300,000 refugees are located, local officials have run 20,000 criminal background checks on the refugees, as well as on the relief workers helping them and people who have opened up their homes. Most of the checks have found little for police to be concerned about. <ref name="WBOY WV records">Schubert, Elizabeth. "[http://www.wboy.com/story.cfm?func=viewstory&storyid=5266 Some Katrina Evacuees at Camp Dawson Have Criminal Records]." ''[[Associated Press]].'' [[September 18]], [[2005]].</ref> Though, ironically, the murder rate in [[Houston]] went up by 75% in the weeks after Katrina. {{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

===Federal response===
:''See also'' [[Criticism_of_government_response_to_Hurricane_Katrina|Criticism of Government Response]]

[[Image:Air_force_globemasters_unload_supplies_in_mississippi_aug_31_2005.jpg|thumb|right|200px|USAF [[C-17 Globemaster]]s unload supplies in [[Mississippi]].]]
[[Image:USNS Comfort.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[USNS Comfort|USNS ''Comfort'']] takes on supplies at [[Mayport, Florida]] en route to Gulf Coast.]]
Some [[disaster recovery]] response to Katrina began before the storm, with [[Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States|Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) preparations that ranged from logistical supply deployments to a [[mortuary]] team with refrigerated trucks. A network of volunteers began rendering assistance to local residents and residents emerging from New Orleans and surrounding Parishes as soon as the storm made landfall, and has continued for more than six months after the storm.

The [[United States Northern Command]] established Joint Task Force (JTF) Katrina based out of [[Camp Shelby]], [[Mississippi]], to act as the military's on-scene command on Sunday, [[August 28]].<ref>"[http://www.dod.gov/transcripts/2005/tr20050901-3843.html Special Defense Department Briefing with Commander of Joint Task Force Katrina]". ''[[United States Department of Defense]],'' News Transcript. [[September 1]], [[2005]].</ref> Lieutenant General [[Russel Honoré]] of the [[U.S. First Army]] in [[Fort Gillem]], Georgia, is the commander.  Also called up were the volunteer members of the [[Civil Air Patrol]] and the [[Coast Guard Auxiliary]].

In accordance with federal law, President George W. Bush directed Secretary [[Michael Chertoff]] of the Department of Homeland Security to coordinate the Federal response. Chertoff designated [[Michael D. Brown]], head of FEMA, as the primary federal official to lead the deployment and coordination of all federal response resources and forces in the Gulf Coast region. However, the President and Secretary Chertoff have come under harsh criticism for their lack of planning and coordination. Eight days later, Brown was recalled to Washington and Coast Guard Vice Admiral [[Thad W. Allen]] replaced him as chief of hurricane relief operations.<ref>Meserve, Jeanne; Barrett, Ted. "[http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/09/katrina.washington/index.html Admiral takes over Katrina relief]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[September 9]], [[2005]].</ref> Three days after the recall, Michael D. Brown resigned as director of FEMA in spite of having received praise from President George W. Bush. Later, leaked video footage and transcripts of top-level briefings during the week before the storm indicate that federal officials did inform Bush and Chertoff of the danger of levee breaches.<ref>Russell, Alex. "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/03/02/wkat02.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/03/02/ixworld.html Bush 'was warned about impact of Katrina']." ''The Telegraph.'' [[February 3]], [[2006]].</ref>

Chertoff, [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|Secretary]] of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]], decided to take over the federal, state, and local operations officially on [[August 30]], [[2005]], going forward by citing the [[National Response Plan]]. The [[National Response Plan]] states that, "when responding to a catastrophic incident, the federal government should start emergency operations even in the absence of clear assessment of the situation." "A detailed and credible common operating picture may not be achievable for 24 to 48 hours (or longer) after the incident," the NRP's "Catastrophic Annex" states. "As a result, response activities must begin without the benefit of a detailed or complete situation and critical needs assessment."

On [[September 2]], Congress authorized $10.5 billion in aid for victims. A few days later, on [[September 7]], another $51.8 billion in aid was approved, bringing the total to $62.3 billion.<ref>Baker, Peter; Goldstein, Amy. "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801081.html Congress Approves $51.8 Billion For Victims]." ''[[Washington Post]].'' [[September 9]], [[2005]].</ref> Additionally, President Bush enlisted the help of former presidents [[Bill Clinton]] and [[George H.W. Bush]] to raise additional voluntary contributions, much as they did after the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] and [[tsunami]].<ref>Bush, George W. "[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/09/20050901-3.html President Asks Bush and Clinton to Assist in Hurricane Relief]." ''[[White House]],'' Press Release. [[September 1]], [[2005]].</ref>

FEMA has provided housing assistance (rental assistance, trailers, etc.) to over 700,000 applicants - families and individuals. However, only one-fifth of the trailers requested in Orleans Parish have been supplied resulting in an enormous housing shortage in the city of New Orleans.<ref>''[[Times-Picayune]],'' [[September 26]], [[2005]], page A-12.</ref> To provide for additional housing, FEMA has also paid for the hotel costs of 12,000 individuals and families displaced by Katrina through [[February 7]], [[2006]], when a final deadline was set for the end of hotel cost coverage. After this deadline, refugees will still be eligible to receive federal assistance, which can be used towards either apartment rent, additional hotel stays, or fixing their ruined homes, although FEMA will no longer pay for hotels directly.<ref>Foster, Mary. "[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/13/katrina/main1311616.shtml Judge: FEMA Off Hook For Hotel Costs]." ''[[CBC News]].'' [[February 13]], [[2006]].</ref>

===AmeriCorps relief operations===
[[AmeriCorps]] sent several crews to Texas, Mississippi and Louisiana in response to [[Hurricane Katrina]] and [[Hurricane Rita]]. The crews originated from two main organizations, the National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC) and the Washington Conservation Corps (WCC), as well as from smaller Americorps organizations such as St. Louis Conversation Corps' Emergency Response Team (ERT). The crews performed a number of relief tasks for hurricane survivors, including support on the [[FEMA]]/[[Carnival Cruise Lines]] shelter ship, tarping damaged roofs, and debris removal. As of the beginning of 2006, AmeriCorps teams have been involved in the rebuilding efforts in Louisiana and Mississippi. Teams have also operated volunteer camps like Camp Premier as well as assisted with the Made with Love cafe. As of May 2006, AmeriCorps reported that it would continue to send relief to affected areas.

===States' response===
<!--{{main|US states respond to Hurricane Katrina}}-->
{{See also|Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans#Evacuation efforts}}
Many U.S. states have offered to shelter refugees displaced by the storm, including places as far away as [[Oregon]] and [[California]]. The majority of the refugees were taken to [[Texas]], with over 230,000 people taking shelter in [[Houston, Texas|Houston]] by [[September 5]], [[2005]]. As Texas shelters became filled to capacity, it became a waypoint for the other refugees still leaving the area of crisis. From Texas, thousands of refugees have been dispersed to other states.

Two weeks after the storm, over half of the States were involved in providing shelter for refugees. By four weeks after the storm, refugees had been registered in all 50 states and in 18,700 zip codes  - half of the nation's residential postal zones. Most refugees had stayed within 250 miles, but 240,000 households went to Houston and other cities over 250 miles away and another 60,000 households went over 750 miles away.<ref>Quigley, Bill. "[http://www.coc.org/index.fpl/1090/article/3678.html Six Months After Katrina: Who Was Left Behind Then and Who is Being Left Behind Now?]" ''[http://www.coc.org/ Center of Concern].''</ref>

Approximately 58,000 [[United States National Guard|National Guard]] personnel were also activated to deal with the storm's aftermath, with troops coming from all 50 states.<ref>Phillips, Kyra. "[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0509/06/se.01.html Bush Discusses Displaced Students; Department of Defense Briefs Press on Katrina Response (CNN Live Transcript)]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[September 6]], [[2005]].</ref>

===International response===
{{Main|International response to Hurricane Katrina}}
[[Image:Canadian relief transport.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[United States Navy]] personnel unload [[Canadian]] relief supplies from a Canadian transport aircraft in [[Pensacola, Florida]].]]
Over seventy countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance. [[Kuwait]] made the largest single pledge, $500 million; other large donations were made by [[Qatar]] ($100 million), [[India]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] (both $5 million) and [[Bangladesh]] ($1 million).<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4215820.stm Asian nations offer US assistance]." ''[[BBC News]].'' [[September 5]], [[2005]].</ref>

Countries like [[Sri Lanka]], which is still recovering from the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|Indian Ocean Tsunami]], [[Dominica]] (one of the smallest countries in the world by any measure), [[Cuba]] and [[Venezuela]] (despite their differences with the United States), also offered to help. Countries including [[Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina|Canada]], [[Mexican response to Hurricane Katrina|Mexico]], [[Singaporean response to Hurricane Katrina|Singapore]], and [[Germany]] sent supplies, relief personnel, troops, ships and water pumps to aid in the disaster recovery. [[Russia]]'s [[Russian response to Hurricane Katrina|initial offer]] of two jets was declined by the U.S. State Department but accepted later. The [[France|French]] [[French response to Hurricane Katrina|offer]] was also declined and requested later.  A Danish Ocean Liner housing evacuees can still be seen at dock from the I-10 Mississippi River Bridge in Baton Rouge.

===Non-government organization response===
The [[American Red Cross]], [[Salvation Army]], [[Common Ground Collective]], [[Emergency Communities]], and many other charitable organizations provided housing, food, and water to the victims of the storm. These organizations also provided an infrastructure for shelters throughout Louisiana and other states that held thousands of refugees.

In addition to providing shelter and relocation services, many organizations have also been active in the recovery and rebuilding processes. In areas of Southern Mississippi and Louisiana, dozens of organizations have been collaborating in providing free house 'gutting' and tree removal for affected residents. Prior to gutting, houses are assessed to ensure that less than 50% of the structure is compromised, and that the house is still on its foundation. In past disasters, FEMA coordinated the work order process. Due to FEMA restructuring and the scope of this disaster, local organizations such as the East Biloxi Coordination and Relief Center are handling the case management and order processing. [[Emergency Communities]], a new grassroots non-profit, was formed in the aftermath of Katrina to fill the gaps left by Federal and bureaucratic NGO response.  With roots at the New Waveland Cafe in [[Waveland, Mississippi]], EC went on to build kitchens and community centers in [[Arabi, Louisiana]] and [[Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana]].  Many college students spent their 2006 [[Spring break]] working with organizations such as [[Emergency Communities]], [[Habitat for Humanity]], Campus Crusade for Christ, and [[Catholic Charities]], helping to rebuild in areas hit by the hurricane.<ref>Lambeck, Linda C. "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11575510/ Spring break on the Hurricane Katrina-ravaged Gulf Coast]." ''[[MSNBC]]//[[Connecticut Post]].'' [[February 26]], [[2006]]</ref>

Volunteers from [[amateur radio]]'s emergency service wing, the [[Amateur Radio Emergency Service]], provided emergency communications for federal, state and local officials. Over one thousand volunteer operators traveled to affected areas to provide communications in areas where the communications infrastructure had been damaged or totally destroyed<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2005/09/15/100/ ARRL President Submits Congressional Testimony on Hams' Katrina Response]" ''National Association for Amateur Radio.'' [[September 15]], [[2005]].</ref>, relaying everything from 911 traffic to messages home. The Red Cross also deployed ham radio operators to at least 250 of its shelter and aid locations.<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2006/02/17/2/?nc=1 Amateur Radio's Role Gets Favorable Mention in Post-Katrina Report]." ''National Association for Amateur Radio.'' [[February 17]], [[2006]].</ref>. In [[Hancock County, Mississippi]], ham radio operators provided the only communications into or out of the area, and even served as 911 dispatchers.<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2005/09/16/100/ Amateur Radio Earning Praise, Respect in Hurricane Katrina Relief]." ''National Association for Amateur Radio.'' [[September 16]], [[2005]].</ref>

Coorporations also contributed to relief efforts. On [[September 13]], it was reported that corporate donations to the relief effort were $409 million, and were expected to exceed $1 billion.<ref>"[http://money.cnn.com/2005/09/13/news/fortune500/katrina_donations/ Corporate Katrina gifts could top $1B]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[September 13]], [[2005]].</ref> The largest corporate givers were [[Wal-Mart]], [[Office Depot]], and [[General Electric]], each giving [[United States Dollar|$]]20 million or greater in cash and products. [[Wal-Mart]], has given $26.5 million in cash, the largest corporate cash contribution to date, and provided $3.5 million worth in products throughout Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.

=

===Criticism of government response===
{{Main|Criticism of government response to Hurricane Katrina}}

Criticism of government response to the hurricane primarily consisted of in response to the approach of the storm and its aftermath, specifically in the delayed response to the flooding of [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]].

Within days of Katrina's landfall, public debate arose about local, state and federal governments' role in the [[Emergency preparedness|preparations]] for and response to the storm. The [[criticism]] was prompted largely by televised images of visibly shaken and frustrated political leaders, and of residents who remained in New Orleans without [[drinking water|water]], [[food]] or [[shelter]]; and the deaths of several citizens of [[thirst]], [[exhaustion]], and [[violence]] days after the storm itself had passed. Condemnations of [[Administrative incompetence|mismanagement]] and lack of [[leadership]] were given, while others alleged that [[race]], [[social class|class]], and other factors could have contributed to delays in government response. The planning and response of [[George W. Bush|President Bush's]] administration initially faced the harshest criticism, in particular of the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] and its director, [[Michael Brown]]. Subsequently, criticism from politicians, activists, pundits and journalists of all stripes has also been directed at the local and state governments headed by Mayor [[Ray Nagin]] of New Orleans and Louisiana Governor [[Kathleen Blanco]].

The devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina has raised other, more general public policy issues about emergency management, environmental policy, poverty, and unemployment. The discussion of both the immediate response and of the broader public policy issues may affect [[elections]] and [[legislation]] enacted at various [[Executive (government)|levels of government]], and caused a Congressional investigation which found that FEMA and the Red Cross "did not have a logistics capacity sophisticated enough to fully support the massive number of Gulf coast victims."<ref name="CongressInvestigation">{{cite book| author=[[United States Congress]] | year = [[February 19]], [[2006]] | title = A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina | publisher = [[Government Printing Office]] | location = [[Washington, DC]] | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-04-10 |url=http://www.gpoaccess.gov/katrinareport/fullreport.pdf}}</ref>

A minor scandal erupted when a subsidiary corporation to [[Service Corporation International]], the company involved in illegally disposing of bodies in the [[Service Corporation International#Scandal|Funeralgate]] scandal, was awarded a [[no-bid contract]] by [[FEMA]] to count and collect corpses in [[Louisiana]] after the hurricane.<ref>Raftery, Miriam. "[http://rawstory.com/news/2005/FEMA_outsources_Katrina_body_count_to_firm_implicated_in_bodydumping_scan_0913.html FEMA, La. outsource Katrina body count to firm implicated in body-dumping scandals]." ''[[The Raw Story]].''</ref> There was also some concern that some bodies were being improperly disposed of without notification of next of kin.<ref>Brezosky, Lynn. "[http://www.mysanantonio.com/sharedcontent/APStories/stories/D8F8JDHOE.html Months later, couple learns son, wife died in Katrina]." ''[[Associated Press]].'' [[January 20]], [[2006]].</ref>

===Retirement===
{{See also|List of retired Atlantic hurricanes}}
Due to the large loss of life and property along the [[Gulf Coast]], the name Katrina was officially retired on [[April 6]], [[2006]] by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] at the request of the U.S. [[National Hurricane Center]]. It was replaced by Katia on List III of the [[Lists of tropical cyclone names#North Atlantic|Atlantic hurricane naming lists]], which will next be used in the [[2011 Atlantic hurricane  season]].<ref>"[http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2006/s2607.htm Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma "Retired" from List of Storm Names]." ''[[NOAA]].'' [[March 25]], [[2006]].</ref>

==Media involvement==
Several reporters for various [[news agencies]] located groups of stranded victims, and reported their location via [[Communications satellite|satellite uplink]]. Authorities, who monitored the network news broadcasts, would then attempt to coordinate rescue efforts based on the news reports. This was best illustrated when [[Shepard Smith]] and [[Geraldo Rivera]] of [[Fox News]], among others, reported thousands of refugees stranded at the [[New Orleans Convention Center]]. Rivera tearfully pleaded for authorities to either send help or let the refugees leave. [[Geraldo Rivera]] went so far as to compare the convention center to [[Willowbrook State School]].<ref>"[http://www.ifilm.com/ifilmdetail/2678976 Geraldo Rivera & Shepard Smith Unleashed]." -- ''Video.'' 2005.</ref>

The news media, both traditional and Internet, also played a role in helping families locate missing loved ones. Many family members, unable to contact local authorities in the affected areas, discovered the fate of a loved one via an online photo or television video clip. In one instance, a family in [[Clearwater]], [[Florida]] discovered their mother was still alive in [[Bay St. Louis, Mississippi]] after seeing a photo of her on a news website.

Many journalists also contributed to the spread of false rumors of lawlessness among the victims, which many have interpreted as an instance of [[yellow journalism]]. Many news organizations carried the unsubstantiated accounts that murder and rape were widespread, and in some cases later repeated the claims as fact, without attribution. However, only one actual report of a raping occurred during the uproar.<ref>Thevenot, Brian; Russell, Gordon. "[http://www.nola.com/newslogs/tporleans/index.ssf?/mtlogs/nola_tporleans/archives/2005_09_26.html#082732 Rumors of deaths greatly exaggerated]." ''[[Times Picayune]].'' [[September 26]], [[2005]].</ref> A few of the reports of rape and violence were based on statements made by New Orleans city officials, including the Chief of Police. Many officials later claimed these rumors often impeded the relief and rescue efforts.

===Restrictions on the media===
[[Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg|thumb|300px|right|Gaffer's tape identifies journalists to police and military personnel.]]
As the U.S. military and rescue services regained control over the city, there were restrictions on the activity of the media.

<!-- This paragraph and the following one are conflicting, and need to be merged. -->On [[September 6]], FEMA stopped allowing journalists to accompany rescuers searching for victims, saying they would take up too much space. At the same time, FEMA requested that journalists stop taking pictures of dead bodies. News organizations have filed suit in [[United States Federal Court|Federal Court]], claiming a violation of the [[First Amendment|First Amendment's]] [[freedom of the press]]. In face of the lawsuit, FEMA has since countermanded this request<ref>Hilden, Julie. "[http://writ.news.findlaw.com/hilden/20050913.html In the Face of a CNN Lawsuit, FEMA Agrees To Allow Media Coverage Of Katrina's Dead: If the Case Had Proceeded, Who Would Have Won, and Why?]" ''[[FindLaw]].'' [[September 13]], [[2005]].</ref>.

<!-- This paragraph and the preceding one are conflicting, and need to be merged. -->On [[September 7]], a [[FEMA]] spokeswoman requested in an email to [[journalist]]s that they voluntarily refrain from taking [[photograph]]s of the many corpses still present in the city at that time. The next day, FEMA spokesman [[Mark Pfeifle]] confirmed this request. On [[September 9]], Lt. Gen. [[Russel Honoré]], the military leader of the relief effort, announced that reporters would have "zero access" to efforts to recover bodies in New Orleans. Critics of the federal government considered this effort to be similar to the controversial post-[[9/11]] policy that corpses under federal custody should be kept shielded from media photographers. Journalist [[Brian Williams]] also reported that in the process of blocking journalists, police even went so far as to threaten reporters with a weapon.<ref>Kurtz, Howard. "[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002482207_katmedia09.html Restrictions irk media members covering storm]." ''[[The Seattle Times]].'' [[September 9]], [[2005]].</ref> However, at refugee centers such as the [[Austin Convention Center]] and the [[Houston Astrodome]], press activity was extensive.

On [[September 7]], [[KATU]] journalist Brian Barker reported that his team was threatened with automatic weapons by [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshals]] until they were identified by Brig. Gen. [[Doug Pritt]], commander of the [[41st Brigade Combat Team]] of Oregon, the unit they were embedded with.<ref>Barker, Brian. "[http://www.katu.com/news/story.asp?ID=79436 Brian Barker's weblog from New Orleans]." ''[[KATU]].'' [[September 16]], [[2005]].</ref> Subsequently, his team taped the letters, "TV" on the side of their vehicles in accordance with standard practice in war zones.

Immediately following the government decision, [[CNN]] filed a [[lawsuit]] and obtained a temporary [[restraining order]] against the federal ban.<ref>Moore, Solomon; Zucchino, David. "[http://www.registerguard.com/news/2005/09/10/a1.katrina.0910.p1.php?section=nation_world FEMA director relieved of duties]." ''[[The Register-Guard]].'' [[September 10]], [[2005]].</ref> The next day, spokesperson Col. [[Christian E. deGraff]] announced that the government would no longer attempt to bar media access to the victim recovery efforts.<ref>Staff Writer. "[http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/09/10/katrina.media/ U.S. won't ban media from New Orleans searches]." ''[[CNN]].'' [[September 11]], [[2005]].</ref>.

[[Toronto Star]] staff photojournalist Lucas Oleniuk was thrown to the ground by police in the [[French Quarter]] after taking several photographs, including pictures of a firefight between looters and police and the subsequent alleged beating of a looter by the police. The police attempted to take all of his equipment, however he convinced them to just take his camera's memory cards. In a separate incident, freelance photojournalist Marko Georgiev, shooting for [[The New York Times]], took photos of a body presumably shot and killed by the police. Police then pointed their weapons at the car and ordered the journalists out. They proceeded to search the car and confiscated one of Georgiev's memory cards.<ref>{{cite news
 | first=Donald R.
 | last=Winslow
 | url=http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2005/09/hurricane2.html
 | title=Photojournalists Covering Katrina Fall Victim To Growing Violence, Chaos
 | work=National Press Photographers Association
 | date=[[2005-09-01]]
 | accessdate=2006-03-13
 }}</ref>

Besides journalism, there was an effect on fictional television. [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] placed [[disclaimers]] before the series premiere of the new show ''[[Invasion (TV series)|Invasion]]'' because the episode featured a hurricane hitting [[Homestead, Florida]] (the point of landfall of [[Hurricane Andrew]]).<ref>Ryan, Joel. "[http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,17328,00.html "Invasion" Hurricane Warning]." ''[[E!]]'' [[September 8]], [[2005]].</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[List of notable Atlantic hurricanes]]
* [[List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes]]
* [[List of 2005 Atlantic hurricane season storms]]
* [[List of tribute songs to Hurricane Katrina]]
* [[Environmental effects of Hurricane Katrina]]

==References==
<!-- This article uses [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]. Please use this format when making edits to references in the article. Any external links directly added to this section will be summarily and swiftly deleted. -->
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>

==External links and sources==
{{Sisterlinks|Hurricane Katrina}}
<!-- ATTENTION NEWCOMERS! If you would like to contribute, please contribute by adding information to the article or one of the many other hurricane Katrina related articles, rather than adding more external links. See the page WP:NOT on information why Wikipedia isn't the right place to list lots of links. Please do not convert the boldface to subsection headers, or add any subsections to the external links, as it will prevent people from seeing this notice. -->

===Disaster recovery===
* [https://give.redcross.org/?hurricanemasthead American Red Cross: Official donation site]
* [http://www.dallascityhall.com/dallas/eng/katrina/katrina.html Dallas Hurricane Katrina Refugee Resources & Volunteer/Donation Registry Pages]
* [http://www.disastersearch.org/ DisasterSearch Missing Person Locater]
* [http://www.fema.gov/ Federal Emergency Management Agency]
* [http://katrinahousing.org Housing Opportunities for Katrina Survivors]
* [http://www.ohsep.louisiana.gov/ Louisiana Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness]
* [http://www.msema.org/ Mississippi Emergency Management Agency]
* [http://www.nolahurricanefund.org New Orleans Hurricane Fund - Tulane Students Working to Restore New Orleans]

===Survivor and eyewitness accounts===
* [http://www.hurricanearchive.org/ Hurricane Digital Memory Bank: Preserving the Stories from Katrina, Rita, and Wilma]
* [http://www.KatrinaUnderground.com Katrina Underground: Testimony, discussion, peer-support and resources for hurricane survivors]
* [http://citypages.com/neworleans New Orleans Survivor Stories]

===Maps and images===
* [http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/050829/050829.html Weather satellite imagery] ([[University of Wisconsin at Madison]])
* [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/hurricane_2005.html NASA Hurricane Resource Page] -- [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/h2005_katrina.html NASA's Hurricane Katrina Archive]
* [http://www.davidmetraux.com/news/2006/hurricane_katrina.html Photographs of Hurricane Katrina's Aftermath]
* [http://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/_national/hurricanewrap0405/index.html Associated Press Feature, 2004-2005 Destructive Hurricanes]
* [http://www.psychogeo.com/katrina/welcome.htm A photographic survey of New Orleans four months after Hurricane Katrina]
* [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=394147 Placemark for site of the Greater New Orleans Bridge blockade (Requires Google Earth)]

===Miscellaneous===

* [http://www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za/katrina  Videos of hurricane Katrina]
* [http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/katrina/ Science Magazine Katrina/Rita Website]
* [http://www.usm.edu/gcrl/katrina/relief.php Gulf Coast Research Lab/Post Katrina]
* [http://www.hurricane-katrina-candles.com/ Hurricane Katrina Memorial] An online candlelight vigil of people sharing their personal feelings about Hurricane Katrina, and its effects.
* [http://www.thinkprogress.org/katrina-timeline Hurricane Katrina Timeline]
* [http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/katrina-timeline.php TPM Hurricane Katrina Timeline]
* [http://libsyn.com/media/nlo/NLO-022-09012005.mp3 NLO's Response To Hurricane Katrina]

{{2005_Atlantic_hurricane_season_buttons}

[[:Category:2005 Atlantic hurricane season|Katrina]
[[:Category:2005 disasters]
[[:Category:2005 meteorology]
[[:Category:Alabama hurricanes|Katrina (2005)
[[:Category:Atlantic hurricanes|Katrina (2005)]
[[:Category:August 2005 news]
[[:Category:Category 5 hurricanes|Katrina (2005)]
[[:Category:Emergency laws]
[[:Category:History of New Orleans]
[[:Category:Hurricane Katrina|Hurricane Katrina]
[[:Category:Louisiana hurricanes|Katrina (2005)]
[[:Category:Mississippi hurricanes|Katrina (2005)]
[[:Category:Mississippi River]
[[:Category:Retired Atlantic hurricanes|Katrina (2005)]
[[:Category:October 2005 news]
[[:Category:September 2005 news]

[[bs:Uragan Katrina]
[[ca:Huracà Katrina]
[[cs:Hurikán Katrina]
[[de:Hurrikan Katrina]
[[et:Katrina (orkaan)]
[[es:Huracán Katrina]
[[eo:Uragano Katrina]
[fa:توفان کاتری]]
[[fr:Ouragan Katrina]
[[ko:허리케인 카트리나]
[[hr:Uragan Katrina]
[[io:Uragano Katrina]
[[id:Badai Katrina]
[[it:Uragano Katrina]
[[he:הוריקן קתרינה]
[[nl:Katrina (orkaan)]
[[ja:ハリケーン・カトリーナ]
[[no:Orkanen Katrina]
[[nn:Orkanen Katrina]
[[pl:Huragan Katrina]
[[pt:Furacão Katrina]
[[ru:Катрина (ураган)]
[[sh:Uragan Katrina]
[[simple:Hurricane Katrina]
[[sk:Hurikán Katrina]
[[sr:Ураган Катрина]
[[fi:Hurrikaani Katrina]
[[sv:Orkanen Katrina]
[[th:พายุเฮอร์ริเคนแคทรีนา]
[[vi:Bão Katrina]
[[uk:Ураган "Катріна"]
[[zh:卡特里娜]
 
{{Infobox video game
| title = Killzone
|developer = [[Guerrilla Games]]
|publisher = [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] Europe
|designer =
|engine =
|released = [[November 2]], [[2004]]
|genre = [[First-person shooter]]
|modes = [[Single player]], [[multiplayer]]
|platforms = [[PlayStation 2]]
}} 
'''''Killzone''''' is my favorite game so let me tell you about it. '''''Killzone''''' is a [[first-person shooter]] for the [[PlayStation 2]] [[video game console|game console]].  Developed by [[Guerrilla Games]] (who previously made ''[[Shellshock: Nam '67]]''), and dubbed the ''"[[Halo (video game series)|Halo]] Killer"''. It was released on [[November 2]], [[2004]]. Upon the game's release, many reviewers and gamers thought that the final result proved ultimately underwhelming. However, the game has gained a fan following, and has become something of a [[cult classic]]. Two follow-ups are currently in production, ''[[Killzone: Liberation]]'' for the [[PlayStation Portable]] and ''[[Killzone PS3]]'' for the upcoming [[PlayStation 3]].

==Introduction==
''Killzone'' is a [[First-person shooter]] game made exclusively for the PlayStation 2 video game console. It gained a great deal of hype in June, [[2003]] when video game [[website]]s began releasing previews and rumors about the game.  Most fans of [[Sony]]'s second-generation console had been waiting for a game to top [[Microsoft]]'s ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]'', which has been released for its [[Xbox]] gaming system.  ''Halo'' was a huge success, and was the best-selling Xbox game at the time, which led to PlayStation fans to dub ''Killzone'' the "Halo Killer". This label was intensified later in [[2004]] when the [[Official PlayStation Magazine]] (OPM) in the United States published an issue with a lengthy article on Killzone. The issue was wrapped in plastic which read "Halo Killer."

==Storyline==
The game is set in an era of planetary colonization where the [[Helghast]] Empire has recovered from its defeat in the First Helghan War and launched a blitzkrieg against the outer ISA colony planet [[Vekta]]. Vekta's defense platforms fail during the initial assault, allowing the Helghast to land swarms of soldiers onto the surface. This makes it all the more difficult for the outnumbered ISA forces.

The Helghast are the descendants of humans who colonized the planet Helghan many generations ago. The planet's harsh environment forced the Helghast to adapt and mutate so much that they can no longer be considered human. They are stronger, faster and more resilient than their cousins, and possessed of a burning hatred for humanity, but, save for a small number of half-breed Helghast, they require a gas mask and air tank with air similar to the planet Helghast's atmosphere. Vekta's only hope rests with an elite squad of four soldiers who will become heroes.

The player takes control of ISA Squad leader [[Jan Templar]], fighting off the Helghast invasion. Templar and his men are called back to the base for reassignment, and are promptly sent to find the ISA operative Hakha and the key in his possession.

During the course of the game, the player also takes control of several other characters, such as a special operations agent, a Helghast defector, and a heavy weapons specialist.

==Game development==
Dutch based [[Guerrilla Games]], formerly known as [[Lost Boys Games]], developed this game and caught Sony's eye. The gaming company showed Sony a demonstration of a first-person shooter that they were currently developing for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]. Sony was impressed by the game and made a deal with Guerrilla to develop ''Killzone'' exclusively for the PlayStation 2. Sony then commissioned award-winning sci-fi author [[Joe Dever]] to develop the storyline and contribute to the game design.

Making the switch from [[programming]] for the PC to the PlayStation was not an easy task.  Guerrilla spent two years learning the programming techniques of the console while they were still in pre-production.  In [[2001]], ''Killzone'' was ready to be created.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

The public knew little about ''Killzone'', but as information started to leak out about the game hype started to grow. A [http://killzone.ng-gamer.nl/images/screenshots/0/00.jpg single blurry scan] of a [[VHS]] was posted in a British [[video game magazine]], and eventually made its way onto the [[internet]].

When ''Killzone'' was officially announced, expectations for the game were very high. On release, rumours of online cooperative play and [[hard disk]] support were proven untrue.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} The game received mostly average reviews [http://www.gamerankings.com/htmlpages2/918762.asp?q=Killzone], but was a commercial success, with Guerrila staff members confirming the game had sold a million copies "a few times over".[http://boardsus.playstation.com/playstation/board/message?board.id=killzone&message.id=77144&view=by_date_ascending&page=64]

==Reaction==
There are many severe problems with ''Killzone'': It includes inconsistent and sometimes awful [[AI]], occasional bugs resulting in random game crashes, bad frame-rates, peculiar LOD ([[level of detail (programming)|level of detail]]) system, repetition of the same voices, short draw distance, and sloppy death animations. The game mostly received only average reviews. On the positive side, ''Killzone'' was admired for its sound effects,  its soundtrack and the presentation of a gritty war zone. It was also credited for its unique art design.

===Game reviews===
* 1UP: 8 out of 10
* G4: 4 out of 5
* GameBiz: 76 out of 100
* Game Informer: 7.5 out of 10
* IGN: 7.5 out of 10
* EGM: 7.5 out of 10
* Gamespot: 6.9 out of 10
* Edge: 6 out of 10
* Gamespy: 6 out of 10
* PSM: 10 out of 10
(The average review score is 72.7%)
The low reviews are due to the fact that many video game reviwers only tested the demo of the game which was much different then the final game.

In recent months, ''Killzone'' has been added to the Playstation 2's greatest hits library been dropped in price to $19.95. As a result, the game has sold very well due to its massive pre-release "Halo Killer" hype and large advertising budget.

==Future ''Killzone'' titles==
*''[[Killzone: Liberation]]'' (PSP)
*''[[Killzone PS3]] (working title)'' (PS3)

Just before the original game was released in late [[2004]], a sequel was announced that was to be a PlayStation 2 game. But ever since Sony showed the [[PlayStation 3]] ''Killzone'' demo at the [[2005]] [[E3]] in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], rumors became rampant that the sequel will be developed as a next generation game instead.

Sony has recently announced an acquisition of Guerilla games and that the company is working on ''Killzone'' games for the PSP and PS3.
Developers at the official forums of ''Killzone'' have confirmed that no additional PS2 title is in development. [http://boardsus.playstation.com/playstation/board?board.id=killzone]

''Killzone: Liberation'' (PSP) has being designed from the ground up as a handheld title, eschewing the first-person shooter format of the PS2 and PS3 titles in favour of a third-person perspective. Liberation takes place two months after the events of the original Killzone in the familiar postapocalyptic battle zone of southern Vetka. Players will take up various futuristic arms against the Helghast and their maniacal leader, Metrac, as Templar, one of the playable characters from the original.

The storyline for ''Killzone PS3'' may involve either mop-up operations following the first game, the second wave involving the reinforcements from both Earth and Helghan, a prequel showing the story of the first Helghan war as it seems from the Sony Press conference trailer the game takes place on Helghan itself, or an attack of Helghan during the current Helghan War, a retaliation of sorts. It is thus far unclear whether or not any of the characters from the first game will be involved.



==External links==
*[http://www.killzoneps2.com/ Official website]
*[http://www.cgf-ai.com/docs/straatman_remco_killzone_ai.pdf A paper] on ''Killzone'''s [[artificial intelligence|AI]] presented at the [[2005]] [[Game Developer's Conference]]
*{{moby game|id=/ps2/killzone|name=''Killzone''}}

[[:Category:2004 computer and video games]
[[:Category:Killzone]
[[:Category:PlayStation 2 games]

[[nl:Killzone]
[[sv:Killzone]


hey mister who mister dromeo