View source for Historicism (art)

{{Short description|Art and architecture inspired by historic styles}}
{{About|styles in art and architecture|philosophical theories known as historicism|Historicism}}
{{expand German|Historismus|date=July 2013}}
{{expand French|Historicisme (style)|date=July 2013}}
[[File:Thomas_Cole_-_Architect’s_Dream_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|320px|[[Thomas Cole]], ''[[The Architect's Dream]]'', 1840]]
[[File:Schwerin Castle Aerial View Island Luftbild Schweriner Schloss Insel See.jpg|thumb|[[Schwerin Palace]], historical [[duke|ducal]] seat of [[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg]], now seat of [[Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|state parliament]], [[Mecklenburg Vorpommern]], [[Germany]] – an example of historicism in architecture]]
'''Historicism''' or '''historism''' comprises artistic styles that draw their inspiration from recreating historic styles or imitating the work of historic artists and artisans.<ref>[[Edward Lucie-Smith|Lucie-Smith, Edward]]. ''The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms''. London: Thames & Hudson, 1988, p. 100. {{ISBN|0-500-20222-2}}</ref> This is especially common in architecture, where there are many different styles of [[Revivalism (architecture)|Revival architecture]], which dominated large buildings in the 19th century. Through a combination of different styles or the implementation of new elements, historicism can create completely different aesthetics than former styles. Thus, it offers a great variety of possible designs.

==Overview==

In the [[history of art]], after [[Neoclassicism]] which in the [[Romanticism|Romantic era]] could itself be considered a historicist movement, the 19th century included a new historicist phase characterized by an interpretation not only of [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[classicism]], but also of succeeding stylistic eras, which were increasingly respected. In particular in architecture and in the genre of [[history painting]], in which historical subjects were treated with great attention to accurate period detail, the global influence of historicism was especially strong from the 1850s onwards. The change is often related to the rise of the [[bourgeoisie]] during and after the [[Industrial Revolution]]. By the end of the century, in the ''[[fin de siècle]]'', [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] and [[Art Nouveau]] followed by [[Expressionism (architecture)|Expressionism]] and [[Modernism]] acted to make Historicism look outdated, although many large public commissions continued in the 20th century. The [[Arts and Crafts]] style managed to combine a looser vernacular historicism with elements of Art Nouveau and other contemporary styles.

The influence of historicism remained strong until the 1950s in many countries. When [[postmodern architecture]] became widely popular during the 1980s, a [[Neohistorism]] style followed, that is still prominent and can be found around the world, especially in [[Representation (arts)|representative]] and upper-class buildings.

== Western historicist styles ==

'''International'''
* [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]]
* [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]]
* [[Byzantine Revival architecture|Byzantine Revival]]
* [[Egyptian Revival architecture|Egyptian Revival]]
* [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]]
* [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] / [[Neo-Grec]]
* [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival]]
* [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]]
* [[New Classical Architecture|New Classical]] / [[Neohistorism]]
* [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] (Châteauesque/Italianate/Palazzo style)
* [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque Revival]]
* [[Second Empire architecture|Second Empire]]
* [[Swiss chalet style]]
* [[Vernacular architecture|Vernacular]]

'''British Empire'''
* [[Adam style]]
* [[Bristol Byzantine]]
* [[Carpenter Gothic]] (Canada)
* [[Edwardian Baroque architecture|Edwardian Baroque]]
* [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture|Indo-Saracenic Revival]] (India)
* [[Jacobethan]]
* [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne style]]
* [[Regency architecture|Regency]]
* [[Scottish baronial architecture|Scottish baronial style]] (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland)
* [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]] / [[Black-and-white Revival architecture|Black-and-White Revival]]

'''France'''
* [[Directoire style]]
* [[Empire style]]
* [[Napoleon III style]]

'''Austria and Germany'''
* [[Biedermeier]]
* {{lang|de|[[Gründerzeit]]}}
* [[Nazi architecture]]
* [[Resort architecture|Resort style]]
* [[Rundbogenstil]]

'''Greece and Balkans'''
* [[Mycenaean Revival architecture|Mycenaean Revival]]
* [[Serbo-Byzantine Revival]]

'''Italy'''
* [[Stile Umbertino]]

'''Mexico'''
* [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture]]
* [[Mayan Revival architecture|Mayan Revival]]

'''Netherlands'''
* [[Traditionalist School (architecture)|Traditionalist School]]

'''Portugal'''
* [[Pombaline style|Pombaline]]
* [[Neo-Manueline]]
* [[Soft Portuguese style]]

'''Romania'''
* [[Romanian Revival architecture|Romanian Revival]]

'''Russian Empire and USSR'''
* [[Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire|Byzantine Revival]]
* [[Russian Revival architecture|Russian Revival]]
* [[Stalinist architecture]]

'''Scandinavia'''
* [[Dragestil]]
* [[National Romantic style]]
* [[Nordic Classicism]]

'''Spain'''
* [[Neo-Mudéjar]]
* [[Noucentisme]]

'''United States'''
* [[Jeffersonian architecture]]
* [[American Renaissance]]
* [[Carpenter Gothic]]
* [[Collegiate Gothic]]
* [[Colonial Revival architecture|Colonial Revival]]
* [[Federal architecture|Federal style]]
* [[Greco Deco]]
* [[Mayan Revival architecture|Mayan Revival]]
* [[Mediterranean Revival architecture|Mediterranean Revival]]
* [[Mission Revival architecture|Mission Revival]]
* [[Polish Cathedral style]]
* [[Pueblo Revival architecture|Pueblo Revival]]
* [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne style]]
* [[Richardsonian Romanesque]]
* [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture|Spanish Colonial Revival]]
* [[Territorial Revival architecture|Territorial Revival]]

==See also==
*{{lang|de|[[Gründerzeit]]}}
*[[Revivalism (architecture)]]
*[[Resort architecture]] ({{langx|de|Bäderarchitektur}}) – a specific style of historicism, that is popular on the German [[Baltic Sea]] coast
*[[Academicism]]
*[[Musical historicism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Historicism}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Historicist architecture}}
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20715766 ''Historicism, Teaching, and the Understanding of Works of Art''] by Stuart Richmond (on [[JSTOR]])

{{Western art movements}}
{{Revivals}}
{{History of architecture}}
{{Aesthetics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Historicism (Art)}}
[[Category:Art movements]]
[[Category:Historicist architecture| ]]
[[Category:19th century in art]]
[[Category:19th century in the arts]]

[[es:Arquitectura historicista#top]]