View source for HNoMS Brand (1898)

{{Other ships|HNoMS Brand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image=[[File:Torpedo Boat Brand.jpg|300px|The torpedo boat ''Brand'' and three sister ships in Kiel in 1900]]
| Ship caption=''Brand'' (left) with three sister ships in [[Kiel]] in 1900
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship country=Norway
| Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of Norway (1844-1905).svg|60px]] {{shipboxflag|Norway|naval}}
| Ship name=''Brand''
| Ship owner= 
| Ship namesake=An archaic spelling of the Norwegian word ''brann'', meaning [[fire]]
| Ship ordered= 
| Ship builder=The Royal Norwegian Navy Shipyard at [[Karljohansvern]] in [[Horten]]
| Ship yard number=80
| Ship laid down= 
| Ship launched=22 September 1898
| Ship acquired= 
| Ship commissioned= 
| Ship decommissioned= 
| Ship captured=by the German on 16 April 1940 
| Ship in service= 
| Ship out of service=11 April 1940 
| Ship struck= 
| Ship reinstated= 
| Ship honours=
| Ship honors=
| Ship fate=
| Ship notes= 
}}
{{Infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|is_multi=yes
|partof=*4th Torpedo Boat Division,
*2nd Naval District (1939–1940)
|commanders=*Christian Blom (1900)
*Rolf von Krogh (1901 and 1905)
*[[Ivar Arne Midtland]] (1940)
|operations=Opposing the German [[Operation Weserübung|invasion of Norway]] (9 April 1940)
|victories=
|awards=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Nazi Germany
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship name=''Tarantel''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=
|Ship acquired=16 April 1940
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship namesake=''[[Lycosa tarantula]]''
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy in May 1945, then decommissioned and scrapped
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|is_multi=yes
|partof=*''Hafenschutz flotille Bergen''
*(-December 1940)
*55th ''Vorpoosten flotille''
*(December 1940 – May 1945)
|commanders=
|operations=*[[Norwegian Campaign]] 
*(April–May 1940)
*[[German occupation of Norway]]
*(June 1940 – May 1945)
|victories=
|awards=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header= 
| Header caption= 
| Ship class=[[1. class torpedo boat|1. class]] torpedo boat
| Ship displacement=107 tons
| Ship length={{convert|39.9|m|2}}
| Ship beam={{convert|4.9|m|2}}
| Ship draught={{convert|2.7|m|2}}
| Ship draft= 
| Ship propulsion=1,100 [[indicated horsepower]] [[triple expansion steam engine]]
| Ship speed={{convert|21|kn|2}}
| Ship range=*{{convert|900|nmi|2}} at {{convert|12|kn|2}}
*or
*{{convert|500|nmi|2}} at {{convert|16|kn|2}}
| Ship complement=19 officers and men
| Ship sensors= 
| Ship EW= 
| Ship armament=*2 × 37 mm [[Quick-firing gun|QF]] guns
*2 × 45 cm [[torpedo tube]]s
*''Added by the Germans:''
*2 × [[machine gun]]s
*6 × [[depth charge]]s
| Ship armour= 
| Ship armor= 
| Ship aircraft= 
| Ship aircraft facilities=
| Ship notes= 
}}
|}

'''HNoMS ''Brand''''' was a [[1.-class torpedo boat]] constructed in 1898. She served the [[Royal Norwegian Navy]] for more than four decades, including neutrality protection duties during the First World War. Having once again been employed on neutrality protection duty at the outbreak of the Second World War, ''Brand'' was captured by the Germans during their [[Operation Weserübung|invasion of Norway]] in April 1940.

After serving in [[Nazi Germany]]'s ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' in the [[Norwegian Campaign]] that followed the invasion, she was renamed '''''Tarantel''''' and employed as a ''[[Vorpostenboot]]'' in [[German occupation of Norway|occupied Norway]]. Having survived the Second World War, ''Brand'' was returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy in May 1945 and soon decommissioned and scrapped.

==Design and construction==
''Brand'' was a 107-ton vessel, with a length of {{convert|39.9|m|2}}, a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|4.9|m|2}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|2.7|m|2}}, built at the Royal Norwegian Navy Shipyard at [[Karljohansvern]] in [[Horten]], as yard number 80.<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=6100568 |shipname=Brand |accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Abelsen154>Abelsen 1986, p. 154</ref> She was one of three 1.-class torpedo boats built at Karljohansvern in 1898, the other two boats being {{HNoMS|Storm|1898|2}} and {{HNoMS|Trods||2}}. The three vessels were the first of their class to be built in Norway, the first three 1.-class boats having been built and delivered by the German ''[[Schichau-Werke]]'' shipbuilders.<ref name=HegLille2022>Hegland and Lilleheim 1998, pp. 20–22</ref>

''Brand'' was armed with two 37&nbsp;mm [[quick-firing gun]]s and two 45&nbsp;cm [[torpedo tube]]s, and manned by a crew of 19 officers and men. Her 1,100 [[indicated horsepower]] [[triple expansion steam engine]] could propel her at a maximum speed of {{convert|21|kn|2}}.<ref name=Abelsen154/><ref>Steen 1956, p. 419</ref><ref>Thomassen 1995, p. 144</ref> The 1.-class vessels had a very long range for their size, being able to cover a distance of {{convert|900|nmi|2}} at {{convert|12|kn|2}} or {{convert|500|nmi|2}} at {{convert|16|kn|2}}.<ref>Hegland and Lilleheim 1998, p. 22</ref>

The design of the German-built vessels and the 1898 series that included ''Brand'', was criticized for having insufficient speed. Although considered as having quite good seagoing characteristics, the vessels had difficulty firing [[torpedo]]es in rough seas. In calm seas the boats were hard to spot, with little engine noise or bow wave, which increased the chance of a successful torpedo attack. The boats were also seen as not being manoeuvrable enough, as well as having an exposed [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]] in a [[Bow (ship)|bow]] turret and poor ventilation. Some of the issues of the early vessels were dealt with in the last four 1.-class boats built.<ref name=HegLille2022/>

==Early service==
[[File:Brand and Storm in Marvika 1903.jpg|thumb|''Brand'' (left) and fellow 1.-class torpedo boat {{HNoMS|Storm|1898|2}} at [[Marvika]] naval base in 1903]]
In the summer of 1900, ''Brand'' took part in a comparatively large-scale naval exercise, together with three other 1.-class boats {{HNoMS|Storm|1898|2}}, {{HNoMS|Delfin|1896|2}} and ''Trods''. In addition to the torpedo boats the [[Royal Norwegian Navy]] deployed the [[coastal defence ship]]s {{HNoMS|Harald Haarfagre||2}} and {{HNoMS|Tordenskjold||2}} and the gunboat {{HNoMS|Frithjof|1895|2}} on a cruise to [[Marstrand]] in Sweden and [[Kiel]] in Germany. The exercises saw the torpedo boats and the larger warships train on coordinating their manoeuvres and actions. During the training cruise ''Brand'' was under the command of the future Royal Norwegian Navy Shipyard director, Captain Christian Blom.<ref>Hegland and Lilleheim 1998, pp. 29–30</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Barth |editor-first=Bjarne Keyser |editor-link=Bjarne Keyser Barth |encyclopedia=Norges militære embedsmenn 1929 |title=Blom, C. |year=1930 |publisher=A. M. Hanche |location=Oslo |page=58 |language=no }}</ref> During the summer training cruises of 1901 and 1905, ''Brand'' was under the command of the future [[Arctic exploration|Arctic explorer]] First Lieutenant Rolf von Krogh.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Barth |editor-first=Bjarne Keyser |encyclopedia=Norges militære embedsmenn 1929 |title=von Krogh, R. |year=1930 |publisher=A. M. Hanche |location=Oslo |page=339 |language=no }}</ref>

==First World War==
When the First World War broke out in 1914, the Royal Norwegian Navy and the Norwegian coastal fortresses were fully mobilized, along with supporting units of the [[Norwegian Army]]. The state of armed neutrality was maintained until the end of the war in 1918.<ref>Steen 1954, p. 13</ref> ''Brand'' took part in neutrality protection patrols during the war, and was based in [[Bergen]] in [[Western Norway]]. In May 1915, ''Brand'' carried out torpedo firing exercises together with three other torpedo boats.<ref>Melien 1995, pp. 81, 145</ref>

In the immediate aftermath of the war, from 12 December 1918 until the spring of 1919, ''Brand'' was stationed at [[Ålesund]]. She was tasked with patrolling for drifting [[Naval mine|mines]] off the coast. During their stay in Ålesund, the torpedo boat's crew deactivated or destroyed 17 naval mines, and were also put and stand-by to intervene in riots between locals and fishermen in [[Fosnavåg]].<ref>Råbben 1973, pp. 559-561</ref> In February 1919, the crew of ''Brand'' rescued two survivors from the shipwrecked fishing vessel ''Korsfjord I'', which had run aground with the loss of seven crewmen.<ref>Råbben 1973, p. 574</ref>

==Inter-war years==
Between the world wars, the Norwegian torpedo boat fleet carried out exercises during the summers, but were severely restricted by a lack of funds. The boats that had been built around the start of the 20th century were outdated as warships, and mostly restricted to lying in port. Seventeen torpedo boats had been decommissioned in the years 1920–1931, after having been worn out by the intensive neutrality protection service in the preceding war years. Although 23 torpedo boats were retained, no modernizations were carried out,<ref>Hegland and Lilleheim 1998, pp. 47–49</ref> and the vessels were considered as being mostly useful as escorts and coastal [[Guard ship|guard vessels]].<ref>Steen 1954, p. 19</ref>

==Second World War==

===Neutrality protection===
At the outbreak of the Second World War, many of the vessels of the Royal Norwegian Navy were activated for neutrality protection duties. The 1939 mobilization of both the Royal Norwegian Navy and the coastal artillery was less comprehensive than that in 1914, due to a lack of trained crews and officers to man the ships.<ref>Steen 1954, pp. 13–14</ref> ''Brand'' was mobilized, and formed part of the 2nd Naval District's 4th Torpedo Boat Division. In addition to ''Brand'', the 4th Torpedo Boat Division was made up by the fellow 1.-class boats {{HNoMS|Sæl||2}} and {{HNoMS|Storm|1898|2}}. The 4th Torpedo Boat Division was under the command of Lieutenant [[Thorleif Pettersen]], who was also the commanding officer of ''Storm''.<ref>Steen 1956, pp. 17–22</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://niehorster.org/022_norway/navy_02.htm |title=Scandinavian Campaign: Administrative Order of Battle Royal Norwegian Navy 2nd Naval District |access-date=15 November 2013 |last=Niehorster  |first=Leo |author-link=Leo Niehorster}}</ref> ''Brand'' was under the command of Second Lieutenant [[Ivar Arne Midtland]], and carried out escort missions along the Norwegian coast after the outbreak of war. The ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy were scattered along the Norwegian coast to provide a capacity to hail and escort foreign ships and confront possible neutrality violators at as many points as possible. The deployment of the warships singly with large distances between each vessel reduced their combat value against any determined naval attack against Norway.<ref name=HegLille5052>Hegland and Lilleheim 1998, pp. 50–52</ref> By April 1940, ''Brand'' was based at [[Fedje (island)|Fedje]], but had been sent to Bergen for repairs at the naval base [[Marineholmen]] days before the 9 April 1940 [[Operation Weserübung|German invasion of Norway]].<ref>Steen 1956, p. 32</ref>

On 8 April 1940, the commanding officer of the 2nd Naval District, Rear-Admiral [[Carsten Tank-Nielsen]] ordered the commanders of ''Brand'', ''Sæl'' and ''Storm'' to refuel, resupply ammunition and put their boats on [[action stations]]. ''Brand'' began resupplying in Bergen shortly after receiving her orders from Rear-Admiral Tank-Nielsen. Similar orders went out the other warships of Bergen section of the naval district, foremost the destroyer {{HNoMS|Garm|1913|2}} and the submarine {{HNoMS|B-6||2}}.<ref>Steen 1956, p. 47</ref><ref>Haarr 2009, p. 250</ref>

===German invasion===
Reports of fighting between Norwegian coastal fortresses and foreign warships in the [[Oslofjord]] further east reached the 2nd Naval District at 00:28 on 9 April. In response to the reports, naval mines were laid in the leads off Bergen and torpedo boats deployed to intercept any possible intruders making their way towards the city. Warning shots and live rounds were fired shortly after 02:00 at the intruding German flotilla by [[Lerøy Fort]], and unsuccessful attacks and intercepts carried out by several warships as the warships of the German ''Gruppe 3'' closed in on Bergen.{{#tag:ref|''Gruppe 3'' consisted of the cruisers {{ship|German cruiser|Köln||2}} and {{ship|German cruiser|Königsberg||2}}, the training ship {{ship|German training ship|Bremse||2}}, the torpedo boats {{ship|German torpedo boat|Wolf||2}} and {{ship|German torpedo boat|Leopard||2}}, five [[E-boat]] fast attack craft, and the E-boat [[mother ship]] {{ship|German support ship|Carl Peters||2}}. The German invasion flotilla carried a 1,900-strong landing force.<ref>Steen 1956, p. 34</ref>|group=Note}} ''Brand'' had been ordered to take up an ambush position at [[Alvøy]], but was delayed in reaching her designated position by necessary repairs.<ref>Steen 1956, pp. 58–67</ref> The Norwegian warships at Bergen had been ordered by Rear-Admiral Tank-Nielsen to fire at any intruding ships.<ref>Haarr 2009, p. 256</ref>

Having completed her repairs, ''Brand'' left Marineholmen at 03:30. By that time the German invasion flotilla had reached the inner line of fortifications off Bergen, and was being engaged by the forts at [[Kvarven Fort|Kvarven]] and [[Hellen Fort|Hellen]]. ''Brand'' was put on action stations and readied for torpedo attack from a position in the inlet [[Gravdalsviken]]. From her ambush position ''Brand'' could serve as a substitute for Kvarven's torpedo battery, which was inoperable at the time. When the German ships forced their way past the Norwegian coastal forts and entered Bergen harbour, they passed ''Brand'' at ranges between {{convert|700|m|2}} and {{convert|1,000|m|2}} at speeds estimated as between {{convert|10|kn|2}} and {{convert|12|kn|2}}. Although one or both of the torpedo launchers on ''Brand'' were primed and ready to fire at the intruding warships and chances to score a hit were "exceptionally good",{{#tag:ref|As assessed by the other crew members of ''Brand'', and the post-war [[Military Investigative Commission of 1946]].<ref>Den Militære undersøkelseskommisjon av 1946 1978, p. 64</ref><ref name=MUK>''Den Militære undersøkelseskommisjon av 1946'' 1978, p. 70</ref><ref name=Haarr26263>Haarr 2009, pp. 262–263</ref>|group=Note}} Second Lieutenant Midtland failed to give the order to fire.<ref name=MUK/><ref name=Haarr26263/><ref>Steen 1956, pp. 85–87</ref> Eventually the increasing daylight reduced the chances of a successful attack, and the Germans had completed their intrusion into Bergen harbour. After removing his ship from her defensive position, Second Lieutenant Midtland brought ''Brand'' to port in [[Laksevåg]], before leaving the boat and crew and heading to Marineholmen, where he was quickly interned by the Germans.<ref name=Haarr26263/><ref>Terjesen 2000, p. 64</ref> Second Lieutenant Midtland had decided against [[scuttling]] his vessel, later claiming to have discussed the matter with a senior officer who had advised him that there was no point in destroying ''Brand'' due to the vessel's age.<ref name=MUK/> The remaining crew members abandoned ''Brand'' on 11 April. On 16 April, the Germans seized ''Brand'' in Laksevåg and took her into [[Kriegsmarine]] service.<ref>Steen 1956, p. 150</ref><ref>Vold 1995, p. 269</ref> The Norwegian crew from ''Brand'' was interned at Marineholmen and held captive on various ships for close to two months.<ref>Steen 1956, pp. 129–130</ref> ''Brand'' was one of four Norwegian warships captured by the Germans near Bergen shortly after their attack, the others being the minelayer {{HNoMS|Uller|1876|2}} and two guard ships.<ref>Lindbäck-Larsen 1965, p. 126</ref>

Lieutenant (promoted since 1940) Ivar Arne Midtland was investigated post-war by the [[Military Investigative Commission of 1946]], and found to have violated Paragraphs 77 and 99 of the Norwegian military penal code by not attacking when he had the chance, but was let off with a reprimand because of his "youth and inexperience".<ref name=MUK/><ref>Fjeld 1999, p. 210</ref>

===German service===
Shortly after their 16 April take-over of ''Brand'', the Germans sent her and a motor boat to land troops on the island of [[Flatøy]] near Bergen. Flatøy was the location of both [[Håøy Fort|a coastal fort]] and a [[Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service]] base. As ''Brand'' was landing German troops on the south side of the island, a British [[Blackburn Skua]] dive bomber attacked the torpedo boat at around 07:00. ''Brand'' was struck in the boiler room amidships by a bomb that failed to explode and severely damaged, the German crew suffering casualties. The air attack led the Germans to abandon their landings and use the motor boat to tow ''Brand'' to Bergen for repairs.<ref name=Abelsen154/><ref>Hafsten, Larsstuvold, Olsen and Stenersen 2005, p. 69</ref><ref>Hafsten and Arheim 2003, p. 141</ref><ref>Steen 1956, pp. 150, 277–278</ref> A German sailor who had been thrown overboard by the bomb and swam ashore at [[Isdalstø]] was captured by Norwegian troops and brought to [[Balestrand]] on 17 April.<ref>Steen 1956, p. 278</ref> ''Brand'' was further damaged in an attack on Bergen harbour by [[803 Naval Air Squadron]] Blackburn Skuas later the same day, along with the [[U-boat]] {{GS|U-58|1938|2}}.<ref>Hafsten, Larsstuvold, Olsen and Stenersen 2005, p. 85</ref><ref>Haarr 2010, p. 136</ref> After completing repairs in Bergen, ''Brand'' was deployed in late April 1940 for patrols of the entrance to the [[Sognefjord]], scouting for Norwegian naval forces and escorting the German-controlled minelayers ''Uller'' and {{HNoMS|Tyr|1887|2}}. Although spotted by Norwegian [[Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.11]] reconnaissance seaplanes late on 30 April, ''Brand'' was mistaken for a warship under Norwegian or British control and not attacked. The German-manned torpedo boat also escaped the attention of searching Norwegian warships.{{#tag:ref|The minelayers ''Brand'' supported were less fortunate. On 1 May, {{HNoMS|Uller|1876|2}} suffered near misses from bombs dropped by [[Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service]] seaplanes and was damaged to the extent that she had to be beached and scuttled, while {{HNoMS|Tyr|1887|2}} was ambushed and machine gunned by Norwegian forces while passing through a narrow strait on her way back to Bergen the same day, suffering casualties.<ref>Steen 1956, pp. 344–345</ref>|group=Note}} The fighting  in [[Western Norway]] ended on 2 May 1940.<ref>Steen 1956, pp. 339–340, 343–346</ref><ref>Haarr 2010, p. 52</ref> During her initial stint in German service, ''Brand'' was manned by a crew drawn from the training ship {{ship|German training ship|Bremse||2}}.<ref>Haarr 2010, p. 40</ref>

''Brand'' was renamed ''Tarantel'' by the Germans and used as a ''[[Vorpostenboot]]'' in [[German occupation of Norway|occupied Norway]] for the duration of the war. She initially served in the ''Hafenschutz flotille Bergen'' with [[pennant number]] NB. 19, before she was transferred to 55th ''Vorpoosten flotille'' in December 1940 and given the pennant number V.5519. The Germans rebuilt her slightly during the war years, including adding an enclosed bridge, two [[machine gun]]s and six [[depth charge]]s. ''Tarantel'' was handed over to the Royal Norwegian Navy following the German [[Victory in Europe Day|capitulation in 1945]]. The Norwegians did not return the old torpedo boat to active service again, instead decommissioning and scrapping her in 1946.<ref name=Abelsen154/><ref>Hegland and Lilleheim 1998, pp. 54–55</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.german-navy.de/kriegsmarine/captured/torpedoboats/tarantel/index.html |title=Tarantel |access-date=15 November 2013 |last=Emmerich |first=Michael |work=German Naval History }}</ref> ''Brand''{{'}}s name was reused for a former German [[E-boat]] (ex-S-303) which served in the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1947 to 1951.<ref>Sivertsen 2001, p. 286</ref>

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist|group=Note}}
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=Norwegian naval ships 1939–1945 |last=Abelsen |first=Frank |year=1986 |publisher=Sem & Stenersen AS |location=Oslo |isbn=82-7046-050-8 |language=no, en}}
* {{cite book |last=Den Militære undersøkelseskommisjon av 1946 |title=Rapport fra den Militære undersøkelseskommisjon av 1946 / Komite til undersøkelse av militære myndigheters forhold før og under krigen i 1940, ("Den Militære undersøkelseskommisjon av 1946") oppnevnt ved kgl. res. den 25.januar 1946. |location=Oslo |volume=1 |year=1978 |isbn=82-45-8025-30 |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/307f5ef1245a587a549e2848e13f08f9?index=0 |language=no}}
* {{cite book |title=Klar til strid – Kystartilleriet gjennom århundrene |last=Fjeld |first=Odd T. |year=1999 |publisher=Kystartilleriets Offisersforening |location=Oslo |isbn=82-995208-0-0 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haarr |first=Geirr H. |title=The Battle for Norway – April–June 1940 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley | year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84832-057-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haarr |first=Geirr H. |year=2009 |title=The German invasion of Norway&nbsp;– April 1940 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-84832-032-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Hafsten |first=Bjørn |author2=Tom Arheim |title=Marinens Flygevåpen 1912–1944 |year=2003 |publisher=TankeStreken AS |location=Oslo |isbn=82-993535-1-3 |language=no}}
* {{cite book|last=Hafsten |first=Bjørn |author2=Ulf Larsstuvold |author3=Bjørn Olsen |author4=Sten Stenersen  |title=Flyalarm – luftkrigen over Norge 1939–1945 |edition=2nd, revised |publisher=Sem og Stenersen AS |location=Oslo| year=2005 |isbn=82-7046-074-5 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=Norske torpedobåter gjennom 125 år |last=Hegland |first=Jon Rustung |author2=Johan Henrik Lilleheim |year=1998 |publisher=Sjømilitære Samfund ved Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen |location=Hundvåg |isbn=82-994738-1-0 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=Krigen i Norge 1940 |last=Lindbäck-Larsen |first=Odd |author-link=Odd Lindbäck-Larsen |year=1965 |publisher=Forsvarets krigshistoriske avdeling/Gyldendal |location=Oslo  |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/973c1418a0dabf62e71afc06918b21a0?index=23 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=Vakt og vern : marinen og kystartilleriet 1914–1918 |last=Melien |first=Tor Jørgen |year=1995 |publisher=Institutt for forsvarsstudier |location=Oslo  |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008022500030 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=Herøyboka. [3] 2 : Bygdesoga |last=Råbben |first=Bjarne |year=1973 |publisher=Herøy sogelag |location=Herøy |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/ececb7e903ee666bd888cd9e21eabb69?index=11#0 |language=no}}
* {{cite book |title=Norges Sjøkrig 1940–1945 (1) – Sjøforsvarets nøytralitetsvern 1939–1940 : Tysklands og Vestmaktenes planer og forberedelser for en Norgesaksjon |last=Steen |first=E. A. |author-link=Erik Anker Steen |year=1954 |publisher=Gyldendal Norsk Forlag |location=Oslo |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/5ea9fafb5de74d0b3473597540ce2d0f?index=0 |language=no}}
* {{cite book |title=Norges Sjøkrig 1940–1945 (3) – Sjøforsvarets kamper og virke på Vestlandet og i Trøndelag i 1940 |last=Steen |first=E. A. |author-link=Erik Anker Steen |year=1956 |publisher=Gyldendal Norsk Forlag |location=Oslo |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013020808011 |language=no}}
*{{cite book |title=Sjøforsvaret dag for dag 1814–2000 |editor-last=Sivertsen |editor-first=Svein Carl  |year=2001 |publisher=Sjømilitære Samfund ved Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen |location=Hundvåg |isbn=82-92217-03-7 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=Kystartilleriets undervannsforsvar 100 år : 1900–2000 |last=Terjesen |first=Bjørn |year=2000 |publisher=Kystartilleri-inspektoratet |location=Bergen |isbn=8299546109 |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/1d890bd5aef64a3035ed1ab0025ea07d?index=3 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=90 år under rent norsk orlogsflagg |last=Thomassen |first=Marius |year=1995 |publisher=Eide Forlag |location=Bergen |isbn=82-514-0483-5 |language=no}}
* {{Cite book|title=Felttoget 1940: avdelingenes påkjenninger og tap |last=Vold |first=Ottar |year=1995 |publisher=Rikstrygdeverket |location=Oslo |isbn=8255104135 |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/6b20cbc3ca848f863b515b0f8356184c?index=3 |language=no}}
{{refend}}

{{Norwegian torpedo boats}}
{{April 1940 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brand (1898)}}
[[Category:1898 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Horten]]
[[Category:Torpedo boats of the Royal Norwegian Navy]]
[[Category:World War II torpedo boats of Norway]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1940]]
[[Category:Naval ships of Norway captured by Germany during World War II]]