View source for HLA-DMB

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''HLA-DMB'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1922365">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kelly AP, Monaco JJ, Cho SG, Trowsdale J | title = A new human HLA class II-related locus, DM | journal = Nature | volume = 353 | issue = 6344 | pages = 571–3 |date=Nov 1991 | pmid = 1922365 | doi = 10.1038/353571a0 | bibcode = 1991Natur.353..571K | s2cid = 3065226 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DMB major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3109}}</ref>

== Function ==

HLA-DMB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain [[paralogues]]. This class II molecule is a [[heterodimer]] consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta (DMB) chain, both anchored in the [[Biological membrane|membrane]]. It is located in intracellular [[Vesicle (biology)|vesicles]]. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the [[peptide]] [[binding site]]. Class II molecules are expressed in [[antigen]] presenting cells (APC: B [[lymphocyte]]s, [[dendritic cell]]s, [[macrophage]]s). The beta chain is approximately 26–28 [[Atomic mass unit|kDa]] and its gene contains 6 [[exon]]s. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.<ref name="entrez"/>

== Clinical significance ==

HLA-DMB is upregulated in tumor tissue of Caucasian but not African patients. Its role in tumor immunology is undefined but has been shown to positively correlated with increased T-cell infiltration and improved prognosis in ovarian cancer. Differential immune processes mediated by HLA-DMB may contribute to the disparity in cancer outcome.<ref name="pmid23754304">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kinseth MA, Jia Z, Rahmatpanah F, Sawyers A, Sutton M, Wang-Rodriguez J, Mercola D, McGuire KL | title = Expression differences between African American and Caucasian prostate cancer tissue reveals that stroma is the site of aggressive changes. | journal = International Journal of Cancer| volume = 134 | issue = 1 | pages = 81–91 |date=Jan 2014 | pmid = 23754304 | pmc =  3800217| doi = 10.1002/ijc.28326 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Vogt AB, Kropshofer H |title=HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system. |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 150–4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10322421 |doi=10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01364-X  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kropshofer H, Hämmerling GJ, Vogt AB |title=The impact of the non-classical MHC proteins HLA-DM and HLA-DO on loading of MHC class II molecules. |journal=Immunol. Rev. |volume=172 |pages= 267–78 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10631952 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01371.x  |s2cid=22216172 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, etal |title=Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=34 |issue= 2 |pages= 121–8 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1869305 |doi=10.1007/BF00211424  |s2cid=10116507 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH |title=HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=144 |issue= 2 |pages= 526–31 |year= 1990 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.144.2.526 |pmid= 1967269 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ |title=Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 22 |pages= 9052–6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1978941 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052  | pmc=55099  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL |title=Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding. |journal=Nature |volume=339 |issue= 6225 |pages= 548–51 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2543930 |doi= 10.1038/339548a0 |bibcode=1989Natur.339..548C |s2cid=4246781 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, etal |title=Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=141 |issue= 11 |pages= 3715–7 |year= 1988 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.141.11.3715 |pmid= 2846691 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A |title=AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications. |journal=AIDS Research |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 163–74 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3489470 |doi=  10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.163}}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, etal |title=HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=152 |issue= 9 |pages= 4475–88 |year= 1994 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4475 |pmid= 7512597 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Shaman J, von Scheven E, Morris P, etal |title=Analysis of HLA-DMB mutants and -DMB genomic structure. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=41 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 117–24 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7528727 |doi=10.1007/BF00182322  |s2cid=40078535 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, etal |title=HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71) |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 2 |pages= 917–24 |year= 1995 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.155.2.917 |pmid= 7541827 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF |title=Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 1 |pages= 473–88 |year= 1995 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.473 |pmid= 7602119 |s2cid=19994352 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sherman MA, Weber DA, Jensen PE |title=DM enhances peptide binding to class II MHC by release of invariant chain-derived peptide |journal=Immunity |volume=3 |issue= 2 |pages= 197–205 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7648393 |doi= 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90089-6 |doi-access= free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Radley E, Alderton RP, Kelly A, etal |title=Genomic organization of HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. Comparison of the gene organization of all six class II families in the human major histocompatibility complex |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 29 |pages= 18834–8 |year= 1994 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32242-1 |pmid= 8034636 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, etal |title=HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41 |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=31 |issue= 13 |pages= 977–82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8084338 |doi=10.1016/0161-5890(94)90092-2  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Fling SP, Arp B, Pious D |title=HLA-DMA and -DMB genes are both required for MHC class II/peptide complex formation in antigen-presenting cells |journal=Nature |volume=368 |issue= 6471 |pages= 554–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8139690 |doi= 10.1038/368554a0 |bibcode=1994Natur.368..554F |s2cid=4307699 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, etal |title=Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help |journal=Cell. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 1 |pages= 169–82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8168144 |doi= 10.1006/cimm.1994.1110 |doi-access= free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sanderson F, Powis SH, Kelly AP, Trowsdale J |title=Limited polymorphism in HLA-DM does not involve the peptide binding groove |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 56–8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8225438 |doi=  10.1007/bf00171797|s2cid=27369392 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Callahan KM, Rowell JF, Soloski MJ, etal |title=HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=151 |issue= 6 |pages= 2928–42 |year= 1993 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.151.6.2928 |pmid= 8376762 |doi-access=free }}
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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3109}}
{{Surface antigens}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hla-Dmb}}
[[Category:MHC class II]]