View source for 2022 Philippine general election

{{Short description|National, provincial, and local elections in the country}}
{{for|specific elections|2022 Philippine presidential election|2022 Philippine Senate election|2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2022 Philippine gubernatorial elections}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2022 Philippine general election
| country = Philippines
| type = presidential
| ongoing = yes
| registered = 67,523,697
| turnout = 56,028,855 (82.98% {{increase}}8.67[[percentage point|pp]] from 2019)
| previous_election = 2019 Philippine general election
| previous_year = 2019
| election_date = {{date|May 9, 2022|mdy}}
| next_election = 2025 Philippine general election
| next_year = 2025
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| election_name = [[2022 Philippine presidential election|Presidential election]]
| previous_election = 2016 Philippine presidential election
| previous_year = 2016
| next_election = 2028 Philippine presidential election
| next_year = 2028
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| alliance_name = no
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0|Location=center}}
| candidate1 = '''[[Bongbong Marcos]]'''
| party1 = Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
| alliance1 = [[UniTeam]]
| running_mate1 = '''[[Sara Duterte]]'''
| popular_vote1 = '''31,629,783'''
| percentage1 = '''58.77%'''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image =VP_Leni_Robredo_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg |bSize = 175|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 10|oLeft = 30|Location=center}}
| candidate2 = [[Leni Robredo]]
| color2 = FE18A3
| party2 = [[Independent politician|Independent]]{{efn|name=lpind|[[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] member running as an independent}}
| alliance2 = [[Team Robredo–Pangilinan|TRoPa]]
| running_mate2 = [[Francis Pangilinan]]
| popular_vote2 = 15,035,773
| percentage2 = 27.94%
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Pacquiao_and_Didal_(cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0|Location=center}}
| candidate3 = [[Manny Pacquiao]]
| color3 = 000040
| party3 = PROMDI
| alliance3 = [[Manny Pacquiao 2022 presidential campaign|MP3]]
| running_mate3 = [[Lito Atienza]]
| popular_vote3 = 3,663,113
| percentage3 = 6.81%
| title = President
| before_election = [[Rodrigo Duterte]]
| before_party = PDP–Laban
| after_election = [[Bongbong Marcos]]
| after_party = Partido Federal ng Pilipinas

| module = {{Infobox election
| embed             = yes
| previous_election = 2016 Philippine presidential election
| previous_year = 2016
| next_election = 2028 Philippine presidential election
| next_year = 2028

| election_name     = [[2022 Philippine presidential election|Vice presidential election]]
| type              = presidential
| ongoing           = no

| image1            = {{CSS image crop|Image = VPSDPortrait (cropped) (3).jpg|bSize = 130|cWidth = 121|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0|Location=center}}
| candidate1        = '''[[Sara Duterte]]'''
| party1            = Lakas-CMD
| alliance1         = UniTeam
| popular_vote1     = '''32,208,417'''
| percentage1       = '''61.53%'''

| image2            = {{CSS image crop|Image = Senkikopangilinan.jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0|Location=center}}
| candidate2        = [[Francis Pangilinan]]
| party2            = Liberal Party (Philippines)
| alliance2         = Team Robredo–Pangilinan
| popular_vote2     = 9,329,207
| percentage2       = 17.82%

| image3            = {{CSS image crop|Image = Tito Sotto III (cropped).jpg|bSize = 130|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0|Location=center}}
| candidate3        = [[Tito Sotto]]
| party3            = Nationalist People's Coalition
| alliance3         = Lacson–Sotto slate
| popular_vote3     = 8,251,267
| percentage3       = 15.67%

| title             = Vice President
| before_election   = [[Leni Robredo]]
| before_party      = Liberal Party (Philippines)
| after_election    = [[Sara Duterte]]
| after_party       = Lakas-CMD

| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| election_name = [[2022 Philippine Senate election|Senate election]]
| previous_election = 2019 Philippine Senate election
| previous_year = 2019
| next_election = 2025 Philippine Senate election
| next_year = 2025
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| seats_for_election = 12 of the 24 seats of the [[Senate of the Philippines]]
| majority_seats = 13
| color1 = {{party color|UniTeam}}
| alliance1 = UniTeam
| popular_vote1 = 120,752,210
| percentage1 = 27.95%
| seats1 = 4+2 guests
<!-- Lacson-Sotto --->
| color2 = {{party color|Lacson–Sotto slate}}
| alliance2 = Lacson–Sotto slate
| popular_vote2 = 82,579,024
| percentage2 = 19.12%
| seats2 = 3+1 guest
<!-- TRoPa --->
| color3 = {{party color|Team Robredo–Pangilinan}} 
| alliance3 = Team Robredo–Pangilinan
| popular_vote3 = 53,753,651
| percentage3 = 12.44%
| seats3 = 1+2 guests

| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed = yes
| election_name      = [[2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections|House of Representatives elections]]
| previous_election = [[2019 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2019]]
| next_election = [[2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2025]]
| type               = parliamentary
| noleader           = yes
| ongoing            = no
| seats_for_election = All 316 seats of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines]]
| majority_seats     = 159

| party1             = PDP–Laban
| last_election1     = 82
| percentage1        = 22.77
| seats1             = 66

| party2             = Nacionalista Party
| last_election2     = 42
| percentage2        = 13.75
| seats2             = 36

| party3             = National Unity Party (Philippines)
| last_election3     = 25
| percentage3        = 12.66
| seats3             = 33

| party4             = Nationalist People's Coalition
| last_election4     = 37
| percentage4        = 11.72
| seats4             = 35

| party5             = Lakas–CMD
| last_election5     = 12
| percentage5        = 9.22
| seats5             = 26

| party6             = Liberal Party (Philippines)
| last_election6     = 18
| percentage6        = 3.79
| seats6             = 10

| party7             = Others
| last_election7     = 27
| percentage7        = 26.09
| seats7             = 47

| party8             = [[Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines|Party-list]]
| last_election8     = 61
| percentage8        = —
| seats8             = 63

| title              = [[Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines|Speaker]]
| before_election    = [[Lord Allan Velasco]]
| before_party       = Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan
| after_election     = [[Martin Romualdez]]
| after_party        = Lakas-CMD
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

{{Politics of the Philippines}}The '''2022 Philippine general election''' took place on May 9, 2022, for the executive and legislative branches of government at every level{{snd}}national, provincial, and local{{snd}}except for the [[barangay]] officials.

At the top of the ballot is the [[2022 Philippine presidential election|election]] for the successors to President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] and Vice President [[Leni Robredo]]. There were also elections for:<ref name=":0" />

* 12 seats of the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]]
* All 316 seats of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]]
* All 81 governors and vice governors, and 782 seats of the [[Sangguniang Panlalawigan|provincial boards]] in all [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]]
* All 146 city mayors and vice mayors, and 1,650 seats of the [[Sangguniang Panlungsod|city councils]] in all [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]
* All 1,488 municipal mayors and vice mayors, and 11,908 seats of the [[Sangguniang Bayan|municipal councils]] in all [[Municipalities of the Philippines|municipalities]]

The first election of the [[Bangsamoro Parliament]] was scheduled to be held on the same date, but was rescheduled to 2025.

This is the first election in [[Davao de Oro]] under that name, as it was renamed from Compostela Valley in December 2019 [[2019 Compostela Valley renaming plebiscite|after a successful plebiscite]].

[[File:2022 Philippine Elections logo.svg|thumb|Logo for the 2022 NLE used for public materials and election awareness campaigns.]]

== Preparation ==

=== Commission on Elections membership ===
In September 2020, President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] appointed lawyer Michael Peloton as commissioner, filling in for the seat vacated by [[Luie Tito Guia]]'s retirement. As this was a regular appointment as opposed to an ad interim one made when Congress is in recess, Peloton had to be confirmed by the [[Commission on Appointments]] before he could take office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Medenilla |first=Samuel P. |date=September 21, 2020 |title=Michael Braganza Peloton, lawyer and IT expert, appointed new poll commissioner |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/09/21/michael-braganza-peloton-lawyer-and-it-expert-appointed-new-poll-commissioner/ |access-date=September 24, 2020 |website=BusinessMirror |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107131711/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/09/21/michael-braganza-peloton-lawyer-and-it-expert-appointed-new-poll-commissioner/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In November, Duterte appointed [[Davao del Norte]] election supervisor Aimee Ferolino Ampoloquio to the seat vacated by Al Parreño.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomacruz |first=Sofia |date=26 November 2020 |title=Duterte names Davao poll veteran as new Comelec commissioner |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/davao-electionveteran-aimee-ferolino-ampoloquio-new-comelec-commissioner |access-date=January 6, 2021 |website=Rappler |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110051716/https://www.rappler.com/nation/davao-electionveteran-aimee-ferolino-ampoloquio-new-comelec-commissioner |url-status=live }}</ref>

By October 2021, there were reports that Duterte would appoint Melvin Matibag, the secretary-general of the [[PDP–Laban]] faction preferred by the former, as chairman. Matibag denied he knew about talks of him being appointed as chairman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PDP-Laban wing exec says clueless on reported talks he'll be next Comelec chief |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/22/2135947/pdp-laban-wing-exec-says-clueless-reported-talks-hell-be-next-comelec-chief |access-date=October 25, 2021 |website=Philstar.com |archive-date=October 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025214012/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/22/2135947/pdp-laban-wing-exec-says-clueless-reported-talks-hell-be-next-comelec-chief |url-status=live }}</ref> Several weeks later, Duterte appointed Rey Bulay, chief prosecutor of [[Manila]], as commissioner, with a term ending in 2027, replacing Peloton, who was rejected by the Commission on Appointments.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Medenilla|first=Samuel P.|date=2021-11-12|title=Duterte picks Manila chief prosecutor Rey Bulay as new Comelec commissioner {{!}} Samuel P. Medenilla|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/11/12/duterte-picks-manila-chief-prosecutor-rey-bulay-as-new-comelec-commissioner/|access-date=2021-11-25|website=BusinessMirror|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125185744/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/11/12/duterte-picks-manila-chief-prosecutor-rey-bulay-as-new-comelec-commissioner/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bulay was accepted by the Commission on Appointments on December 1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=2021-12-01 |title=Duterte's Comelec nominee Rey Bulay secures CA approval |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/commission-appointments-approves-comelec-appointment-rey-bulay/ |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202011445/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/commission-appointments-approves-comelec-appointment-rey-bulay/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chairman Sheriff Abas and commissioners [[Rowena Guanzon]] and [[Antonio Kho Jr.]] retired on February 2, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=2022-02-02 |title=3 Comelec officials exit smoothly amid Marcos ruling drama |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/sheriff-abas-rowena-guanzon-comelec-retirees-exit-smoothly-despite-marcos-ruling-drama/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308155054/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/sheriff-abas-rowena-guanzon-comelec-retirees-exit-smoothly-despite-marcos-ruling-drama/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Over a month later, acting presidential spokesperson [[Martin Andanar]] announced the appointments of [[Saidamen Balt Pangarungan]] as chairman, and George Erwin Garcia and Aimee Neri as commissioners.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=2022-03-08 |title=Duterte names new Comelec chairman, commissioners |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1565047/duterte-names-new-comelec-chairman-commissioners |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308055334/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1565047/duterte-names-new-comelec-chairman-commissioners |url-status=live }}</ref> Garcia, who lists presidential candidate [[Bongbong Marcos]] as a previous client, promised to inhibit (i.e., recuse) himself from cases involving his former clients, including Marcos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=John Eric |date=2022-03-08 |title=New Comelec exec inhibits self from previous clients' cases |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1565448/new-comelec-commissioner-inhibits-on-election-cases-involving-previous-clients |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308150850/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1565448/new-comelec-commissioner-inhibits-on-election-cases-involving-previous-clients |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Voter registration ===
[[File:Vote-rich_provinces_in_the_2022_Philippine_elections.png|thumb|''Vote-rich provinces'', or provinces and Metro Manila as a whole that have more than one million voters. Nationally elected candidates and parties typically campaign in these areas to reduce costs.]]
[[Voter registration]] began on January 20, 2020, and was scheduled to end on September 30, 2021. The commission expects 4.3 million eligible voters to register. Registration was suspended in some areas in [[Cavite]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] and [[Batangas]] due to the [[2020–2021 Taal Volcano eruptions|Taal Volcano eruption]], and in [[Makilala|Makilala, Cotabato]] due to [[2019 Davao del Sur earthquake|an earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Leslie Ann |date=January 19, 2020 |title=Comelec: Registration for 2022 elections starts Monday |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/01/19/comelec-registration-for-2022-elections-starts-monday/ |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Manila Bulletin News |archive-date=December 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206182638/https://mb.com.ph/2020/01/19/comelec-registration-for-2022-elections-starts-monday/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, even before registration for 2022 opened, many voters enrolled early between August 1 and September 30, 2019, ahead of the [[2022 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections|barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections]]. These were initially scheduled for May 11, 2020, but were eventually postponed after the general election to December 5, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Patinio |first=Ferdinand |date=August 10, 2019 |title=Namfrel lauds Comelec for voter registration push |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1077510 |access-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406211106/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1077510 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=December 3, 2019 |title=Barangay, SK elections moved to December 2022 |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/246337-barangay-sk-elections-moved-december-2022 |website=Rappler |access-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608212706/https://www.rappler.com/nation/246337-barangay-sk-elections-moved-december-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On March 10, 2020, the commission suspended voter registration in the entire country due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomacruz |first=Sofia |title=Comelec suspends voter registration due to coronavirus threat |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/253878-comelec-suspends-voter-registration-coronavirus-threat |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Rappler |date=9 March 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201331/https://www.rappler.com/nation/253878-comelec-suspends-voter-registration-coronavirus-threat |url-status=live }}</ref> By June, the commission announced its initial resumption on July 1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Leslie Ann |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Voter registration activities resume in July |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/06/01/voter-registration-activities-resume-in-july/ |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Manila Bulletin News}}</ref> However, the commission suspended voter registration anew up to August 31.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Leslie Ann |date=June 20, 2020 |title=Comelec extends suspension of voters' registration until Aug. 31 |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/06/26/comelec-extends-suspension-of-voters-registration-until-aug-31/ |access-date=June 29, 2020 |website=Manila Bulletin News |archive-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117201808/https://mb.com.ph/2020/06/26/comelec-extends-suspension-of-voters-registration-until-aug-31/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The commission later stated on August 15 that voter registration would resume on September 1 in areas under [[COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines|general community quarantine (GCQ) or modified general community quarantine (MGCQ)]]. Areas under enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) and modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ) will have their registration suspended.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hallare |first=Katrina |date=August 15, 2020 |title=Comelec: Voter registration resumes on September 1, 2020 |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1322050/comelec-voter-registration-resumes-on-september-1-2020 |access-date=August 27, 2020 |website=Inquirer.net |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903062944/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1322050/comelec-voter-registration-resumes-on-september-1-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Registration in the province of [[Palawan]] was also suspended due to the [[2021 Palawan division plebiscite|plebiscite to divide it into three provinces]] on March 13, 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Magdayao |first=Aira |date=December 24, 2020 |title=Comelec OKs holding of plebiscite in 23 Palawan municipalities on March 13, 2021 |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/12/24/comelec-oks-holding-of-plebiscite-in-23-palawan-municipalities-on-march-13-2021/ |access-date=February 6, 2021}}</ref> The plebiscite was originally set for May 11, 2020, but was rescheduled due to the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila |date=April 14, 2019 |title=Plebiscite on splitting Palawan into 3 provinces set for 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1106550/plebiscite-on-splitting-palawan-into-3-provinces-set-for-2020 |access-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125206/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1106550/plebiscite-on-splitting-palawan-into-3-provinces-set-for-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Magdayao |first=Aira Genesa |date=March 26, 2020 |title=Postponement of Palawan division plebiscite sought |work=Palawan News Online |url=https://palawan-news.com/postponement-of-palawan-division-plebiscite-sought/ |access-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-date=May 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522053102/https://palawan-news.com/postponement-of-palawan-division-plebiscite-sought/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In some areas, almost eight months of voter registration were lost due to lockdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tuquero |first=Loreben |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Almost 8 months of voter registration lost in some areas due to lockdowns |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/months-voter-registration-lost-some-areas-due-covid-19-lockdowns |url-status=live |access-date=September 2, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824025342/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/months-voter-registration-lost-some-areas-due-covid-19-lockdowns |archive-date=2021-08-24 }}</ref> There were calls to extend voter registration after September 30, 2021, but the commission rejected this, saying that this will delay other election-related activities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2021 |title=Comelec rejects extended voter registration period |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/18/Voter-registration-period-Comelec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818063802/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/18/Voter-registration-period-Comelec.html |archive-date=2021-08-18 |access-date=September 2, 2021 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> The commission instead allowed voter registration to continue in areas under MECQ starting on September 6, with longer hours and in malls.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Añago |first=Bianca Angelica D. |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Voter registration to resume in MECQ areas |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/voter-registration-to-resume-in-mecq-areas/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 2, 2021 |website=BusinessWorld |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901163722/https://www.bworldonline.com/voter-registration-to-resume-in-mecq-areas/ |archive-date=2021-09-01 }}</ref>

With barely a week before the close of registration, the Senate passed a bill on [[Reading (legislature)|second reading]] extending registration for another month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senate bill seeking to extend voter registration deadline passes second reading |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/9/22/senate-second-reading-extended-voter-registration.html |access-date=September 24, 2021 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=September 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924095340/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/9/22/senate-second-reading-extended-voter-registration.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The House of Representatives passed a similar bill days later, also on second reading.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tantuco |first=Vernise |date=24 September 2021 |title=House committee approves bill to extend voter registration |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/house-committee-approves-bill-extension-voter-registration |access-date=September 24, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, both chambers separately passed resolutions urging the commission to extend registration,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Alyssa Nicole O. |last2=Ku |first2=Russell Louis C. |date=September 22, 2021 |title=Bill extending voter registration OK'd |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/bill-extending-voter-registration-okd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923000244/https://www.bworldonline.com/bill-extending-voter-registration-okd/ |archive-date=2021-09-23 |access-date=September 24, 2021 |website=BusinessWorld |language=en-US}}</ref> while the Senate threatened to cut the commission's 2022 budget if registration was not extended.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Senate eyes budget cut to force Comelec to extend voter registration |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1490483/senate-eyes-budget-cut-bill-as-remedies-vs-comelec-resistance-to-extend-registration |access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=INQUIRER |language=en}}</ref> On the eve of the end of registration, Sheriff Abas announced that they approved extending registration from October 11 to 30 for voters in the Philippines, and from October 1 to 14 for overseas voters.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=29 September 2021 |title=Comelec extends voter registration, October 11 to 30 |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-extension-voter-registration-october-31-2021 |access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en |archive-date=29 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929014413/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-extension-voter-registration-october-31-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> On the same day, President Duterte signed into law extending registration for 30 days from when it was made effective.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magsambol |first=Bonz |date=October 2021 |title=Duterte signs law extending voter registration for 30 days |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/duterte-signs-law-extending-voter-registration-2021 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en |archive-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004170227/https://www.rappler.com/nation/duterte-signs-law-extending-voter-registration-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After extended registration ended, the commission announced that 400,000 people registered in October.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mano |first=Robert |date=October 31, 2021 |title=400,000 new voters register during extended period: Comelec |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/31/21/400000-new-voters-register-during-extended-period-comelec |url-status=live |access-date=November 2, 2021 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031092123/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/31/21/400000-new-voters-register-during-extended-period-comelec |archive-date=2021-10-31 }}</ref> The commission tallied 65,745,529 voters in the Philippines, with [[Calabarzon]] being the [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] with the most voters, with 9.1 million. The total was almost 4 million more compared to [[2019 Philippine general election|2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pazzibugan|first=Dona Z.|date=2021-12-20|title=Comelec tallies 65.7 million voters, plus 1.6 million overseas|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1529752/comelec-tallies-65-7m-voters-plus-1-6m-overseas|access-date=2021-12-20|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220000341/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1529752/comelec-tallies-65-7m-voters-plus-1-6m-overseas|url-status=live}}</ref> By January 2022, the commission announced that they will print 67,442,714 ballots, with 1,697,202 of these for overseas [[Absentee ballot|absentee voting]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comelec to print over 67M ballots for May polls|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165754|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.pna.gov.ph|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118083433/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165754 |archive-date=2022-01-18 }}</ref> The commission later released per-location total of registered voters, with [[Cebu]] (including [[Highly urbanized city|independent cities]] associated with it) as the most vote-rich [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]], [[Quezon City]] as the most vote-rich [[Cities of the Philippines|city]], and Calabarzon as the most vote-rich region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=2022-02-12 |title=Most vote-rich provinces, cities for the 2022 Philippine elections |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/vote-rich-regions-provinces-cities-2022-elections/ |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417085700/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/vote-rich-regions-provinces-cities-2022-elections/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In connection to the [[2021 Southeast Asian Games]] which were held in Vietnam from May 12 to 23, 2022, the [[Philippine Sports Commission]] lobbied the commission to allow the participants to vote as local absentee voters. The commission denied the request, saying that unless a participant is a government official or employee, a member of either the [[Philippine National Police]] or [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] who was assigned in places where one is not a voter, or media covering the games, the athlete cannot vote as a local absentee voter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Micaller |first=Bea |date=December 14, 2021 |title=Comelec turns down PSC request to allow SEA Games-bound athletes to vote early in May 2022 polls |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/814585/comelec-turns-down-psc-request-to-allow-sea-games-bound-athletes-to-vote-early-in-may-2022-polls/story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214123738/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/814585/comelec-turns-down-psc-request-to-allow-sea-games-bound-athletes-to-vote-early-in-may-2022-polls/story/ |archive-date=2021-12-14 |access-date=2021-12-22 |website=GMA News Online |language=en}}</ref>

=== Election automation and logistics ===
[[Camarines Sur]] Representative [[Luis Raymund Villafuerte]] proposed to use a hybrid electoral system in 2022, or manual counting of votes, then electronic transmission of results. This is in contrast to the automated counting and transmission system [[2010 Philippine general election|used since 2010]]. He cited 40 lawsuits on the current system used by the Commission on Elections as evidence to shift away from automated counting of votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luci-Atienza |first=Charissa |last2=Garcia |first2=Patrick |date=October 6, 2019 |title=Hybrid electoral system proposed for May, 2022 polls |url=https://mb.com.ph/2019/10/06/hybrid-electoral-system-proposed-for-may-2022-polls/ |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Manila Bulletin News |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726113238/https://mb.com.ph/2019/10/06/hybrid-electoral-system-proposed-for-may-2022-polls/ |url-status=live }}</ref> President Rodrigo Duterte suggested junking [[Smartmatic]] as the automation partner for future elections because of problems from the [[2019 Philippine Senate election|previous election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=May 30, 2019 |title=Duterte says Comelec should junk Smartmatic machines |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/231877-duterte-says-comelec-should-junk-smartmatic-machines |access-date=June 23, 2020 |website=Rappler |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624084430/https://www.rappler.com/nation/231877-duterte-says-comelec-should-junk-smartmatic-machines |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Smartmatic expressed its interest to participate in future elections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivas |first=Ralf |date=July 15, 2019 |title=Smartmatic still wants to be part of Philippine elections |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/235449-smartmatic-still-wants-to-be-part-elections-philippines-2022 |access-date=June 23, 2020 |website=Rappler |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715105343/https://www.rappler.com/nation/235449-smartmatic-still-wants-to-be-part-elections-philippines-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2021, the commission awarded the contract to conduct automated elections, specifically the software that will be used in the voting machines, to Smartmatic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smartmatic bags contract for 2022 automated polls system software |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1139895 |url-status=live |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=www.pna.gov.ph |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918204339/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1139895 |archive-date=2021-09-18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=27 May 2021 |title=Comelec defends P1B worth of deals with Smartmatic |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-defends-deal-smartmatic-2022-polls |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918204340/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-defends-deal-smartmatic-2022-polls |url-status=live }}</ref>

Administration of logistics related to the election was awarded to [[F2 Logistics]] in August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marquez |first=Consuelo |title=Comelec confirms award of election supplies delivery contract to F2 Logistics |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/800803/comelec-confirms-award-of-election-supplies-delivery-contract-to-f2-logistics/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=GMA News Online |date=25 August 2021 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825154556/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/800803/comelec-confirms-award-of-election-supplies-delivery-contract-to-f2-logistics/story/ |archive-date=2021-08-25 }}</ref> A former commissioner questioned the deal because of the company's association with [[Dennis Uy]], who donated to [[Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign|Duterte's 2016 presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Depasupil |first=William |date=August 29, 2021 |title=Comelec logistics deal hit for 'conflict of interest' |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/08/29/news/national/comelec-logistics-deal-hit-for-conflict-of-interest/1812713 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=The Manila Times |language=en |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918204348/https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/08/29/news/national/comelec-logistics-deal-hit-for-conflict-of-interest/1812713 |url-status=live }}</ref> The commission stated that the deal with F2 Logistics is legal and valid.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Melissa Luz |date=August 27, 2021 |title=Comelec defends F2 Logistics deal amid calls to cancel contract |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/27/Comelec-defends-F2-Logistics-deal.html |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918204340/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/27/Comelec-defends-F2-Logistics-deal.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic ===
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines}}
In April 2020, [[Commission on Elections|COMELEC]] Commissioner Rowena Guanzon proposed [[Postal voting|voting by mail]] as an option in the elections, mainly due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="helloworld">{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Leslie Ann G. |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Voting by mail in the May 2022 polls proposed |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2020/04/01/voting-by-mail-in-the-may-2022-polls-proposed/ |website=Manila Bulletin }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> By May 2021, Commissioner Antonio Kho Jr. said that voting hours would be extended, as the eight-hour timeframe given for previous elections could not be used any longer. As for multiple days of voting, Kho said that only a law passed by Congress would allow that to happen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=10 May 2021 |title=Voting hours in 2022 'almost sure' to be extended |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-eyes-extended-voting-hours-2022 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817203125/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-eyes-extended-voting-hours-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Senator [[Migz Zubiri]], in a [[Parliamentary privilege|privileged speech]], disclosed that he commissioned a [[Pulse Asia]] survey in July 2021 which said that 46% of voters will not vote if [[COVID-19]] cases in their [[barangay]] are high on election day, with 35% willing to vote and 19% undecided. Zubiri questioned if the public would accept the results if less than a majority of voters turned out to vote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=28 July 2021 |title=46% of Filipinos to skip 2022 polls if COVID-19 cases are high{{snd}}survey |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/filipinos-to-skip-2022-polls-if-covid-19-cases-high-pulse-asia-survey-june-2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817203125/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/filipinos-to-skip-2022-polls-if-covid-19-cases-high-pulse-asia-survey-june-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Postponement of the elections due to COVID-19 ====
The 1987 [[Constitution of the Philippines]] states that [[Fixed-term election|unless otherwise provided by law]], the election of members of Congress is held on the second Monday of May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Article VI of the Constitution of the Philippines|url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/Constitution/1987Constitution/Article6|access-date=July 13, 2018|website=COMELEC.gov.ph|archive-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713091945/http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/Constitution/1987Constitution/Article6|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Republic Act No. 7166, the election for national, provincial, city and municipal positions are held on the second Monday of May, since 1992, and every three years thereafter, with the president and vice president being elected in six-year intervals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republic Act No. 7166|url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/SynchronizedNationalandLocal/RA7166|access-date=July 13, 2018|website=COMELEC.gov.ph|archive-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713102219/http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/SynchronizedNationalandLocal/RA7166|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been three years since the 2019 general election and six years since the [[2016 Philippine presidential election|2016 presidential election]], and with no law postponing the election to date,{{When|date=June 2023}} this meant that the election was scheduled to be held on May 9, 2022.

However, some congressmen and government officials suggested postponing the election due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.<ref name="MArroyo1">{{Cite news |last=Marañon |first=Emil III |date=September 25, 2020 |title=[EXPLAINER] Can we postpone the 2022 elections? |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/explainer-can-philippines-postpone-2022-elections |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929013327/https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/explainer-can-philippines-postpone-2022-elections |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tordesillas|first=Ellen|title=No to Mikey Arroyo's suggestion of postponing 2022 elections{{snd}}Malaya Business Insight|website=[[Malaya (newspaper)|Malaya]]|date=27 September 2020|url=https://malaya.com.ph/index.php/news_opinion/no-to-mikey-arroyos-suggestion-of-postponing-2022-elections/|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012044728/https://malaya.com.ph/index.php/news_opinion/no-to-mikey-arroyos-suggestion-of-postponing-2022-elections/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mercado|first=Neil Arwin|date=September 25, 2020|title=Postponement of 2022 elections only 'last resort,' explains Mikey Arroyo|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1340100/postponement-of-2022-elections-only-last-resort-explains-mikey-arroyo|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=INQUIRER.net|archive-date=September 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929021151/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1340100/postponement-of-2022-elections-only-last-resort-explains-mikey-arroyo|url-status=live}}</ref> Sherriff Abas, the chairman of the commission, said that it had not entered their minds, that the terms are fixed, adding that they are planning on having the vote over two days.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Galvez|first=Daphne|date=September 24, 2020|title=Mikey Arroyo raises idea of postponing 2022 polls due to pandemic|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1339789/mikey-arroyo-raises-idea-of-postponing-2022-polls-due-to-pandemic|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=Inquirer.net|archive-date=September 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924092403/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1339789/mikey-arroyo-raises-idea-of-postponing-2022-polls-due-to-pandemic|url-status=live}}</ref> Postponement is only possible if Congress passes a law permitting such, and if it is approved by the people in a plebiscite. The commission has no part in scheduling the election outside from what is mandated by the constitution.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aquino|first=Leslie Ann|date=September 28, 2020|title=Comelec: 2022 polls postponement up to Senate, House|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/09/28/comelec-2022-polls-postponement-up-to-senate-house/|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=Manila Bulletin}}</ref>

A group called Coalition for Life and Democracy petitioned the commission to postpone the elections due to the ongoing pandemic. The group conceded that only Congress can postpone the election, and that their petition contained different dates to hold the election: the body of the petition called for it to be rescheduled to May 2023, but the prayer in it called for May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reformina |first=Ina |date=2021-12-10 |title=Comelec urged to postpone 2022 elections |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/10/21/comelec-urged-to-postpone-2022-elections |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215231847/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/10/21/comelec-urged-to-postpone-2022-elections |url-status=live }}</ref> Another petition that would affect the election's date was filed on December 31 by the Cusi wing of PDP–Laban. Their petition aimed to re-open the filing of candidacies, and to suspend the printing of ballots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cusi-led PDP-Laban: Extend period to file candidacy, postpone printing of ballots|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/12/31/2151177/cusi-led-pdp-laban-extend-period-file-candidacy-postpone-printing-ballots|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Philstar.com}}</ref> The commission tackled both petitions, and announced that both were unanimously dismissed on January 12.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comelec junks petitions to reopen COC filing, postpone polls|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165247|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-12|website=www.pna.gov.ph|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112103537/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165247 |archive-date=2022-01-12 }}</ref>

=== Postponement of the Bangsamoro Parliament election ===
{{Main|2025 Bangsamoro Parliament election}}
In November 2020, the 80-person [[Bangsamoro Parliament]] passed a resolution urging Congress to extend the transition from June 2022 to 2025. If Congress agreed, no election would be held.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basman |first=Taj |date=19 November 2020 |title=Bangsamoro Parliament seeks extension of transition period until 2025 |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/bangsamoro-parliament-seeks-extension-of-transition-period-until-2025 |access-date=January 25, 2021 |website=Rappler}}</ref> By July 2021, Senator Migz Zubiri said that postponing the Bangsamoro election to 2025 is likely.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unson |first=John |title=BARMM's 2022 election postponement likely — Zubiri |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/07/24/2114890/barmms-2022-election-postponement-likely-zubiri |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> In September, the Senate passed a bill postponing the election to 2025.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=September 15, 2021 |title=After Senate, House passes bill postponing 2022 BARMM elections |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/house-passes-bill-postponing-2022-barmm-elections |access-date=September 15, 2021 |archive-date=September 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915121858/https://www.rappler.com/nation/house-passes-bill-postponing-2022-barmm-elections |url-status=live }}</ref> A few days later, the House of Representatives passed their own version of the bill.<ref name=":8" /> As the two bills are different, they had to be reconciled before being sent to President Duterte for his signature.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barmm extension bill tracker: Postponement of polls to 2025 goes to bicam |url=https://pcij.org/article/6867/tracker-bills-resetting-barmm-elections |access-date=September 15, 2021 |website=pcij.org |language=en |archive-date=September 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915190657/https://pcij.org/article/6867/tracker-bills-resetting-barmm-elections |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Conference Committee|conference committee]] approved the Senate version, giving the winner of the 2022 presidential election the power of appointing the next transitional parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Leon |first=Dwight |date=27 September 2021 |title=Senate ratifies bicam report postponing 2022 BARMM polls |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/senate-ratifies-bicameral-report-postponing-barmm-polls-2022 |access-date=September 27, 2021 |website=Rappler |language=en |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927103036/https://www.rappler.com/nation/senate-ratifies-bicameral-report-postponing-barmm-polls-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Duterte then signed the bill into law, postponing the election to 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=October 29, 2021 |title=Duterte OKs postponement of first BARMM elections to 2025 |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1508004/duterte-oks-postponement-of-first-barmm-elections-to-2025 |access-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820185046/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1508004/duterte-oks-postponement-of-first-barmm-elections-to-2025 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Electoral system ==
{{Main|Elections in the Philippines}}
In the Philippines, congressional and local elections, excluding the regional and barangay levels, have been synchronized to be held on the second Monday of May every three years, starting in 1992. Presidents and vice presidents have six-year terms, so they are only elected on even-numbered years (1992, 1998, and so on). Elections where the presidency is not on the ballot are called [[midterm election]]s, and occur on odd-numbered years (1995, 2001, and so on).

Every seat up for election is voted on separately. Since 2010, general elections have been [[Electronic voting|automated]], with voters shading an oval next to their chosen candidate.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 11, 2009 |title=Q+A - Why are automated elections in the Philippines a worry? |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-42390920090911 |access-date=November 3, 2021 |archive-date=June 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615121441/https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-42390920090911 |url-status=live }}</ref> For executive positions, elections are decided via the [[first-past-the-post voting]] (FPTP) system, where the voter has one choice. Elections to the Senate and local legislatures are held via [[multiple non-transferable vote]], where the voter has ''x'' number of choices depending on the number of seats up for election (12 in the case of the Senate), and the ''x'' candidates with the highest number of votes win. For House elections, each voter has [[Parallel voting|two votes]], one via FPTP, and the other via a modified [[party-list proportional representation]] system.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/36353 |title=Elections in Asia and the Pacific : A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific |date=2001-11-15 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=978-0-19-924959-6 |editor-last=Nohlen |editor-first=Dieter |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.1093/0199249598.001.0001 |editor-last2=Grotz |editor-first2=Florian |editor-last3=Hartmann |editor-first3=Christof |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-date=2024-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611101354/https://academic.oup.com/book/36353 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Elections are organized, run, and adjudicated by the [[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|Commission on Elections]] (COMELEC), an independent governmental body. Appeals are allowed under certain conditions to the [[Regional Trial Court]]s, the [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]], or the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]], sitting as the [[House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal]], the [[Senate Electoral Tribunal]], or the [[Presidential Electoral Tribunal]] depending on the election being appealed.

== Calendar ==
The election calendar was published by COMELEC in February 2021:<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 13, 2021 |title=Comelec releases calendar of activities for 2022 elections |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-releases-calendar-of-activities-for-2022-elections |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908194122/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-releases-calendar-of-activities-for-2022-elections |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Timetable ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Activity
! Start
! End
|-
| Voter registration
| January 20, 2020
| March 9, 2020
|-
| Suspension of voter registration nationwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic
| March 10, 2020
| August 31, 2020
|-
| Holding of [[Party conference|political conventions]]
| September 1, 2021
| September 28, 2021
|-
| Resumption of voter registration
| September 1, 2020
| September 30, 2021
|-
| Filing of certificates of candidacies
| October 1, 2021
| October 8, 2021
|-
| Extension of voter registration for overseas voters<ref name=":1" />
| October 1, 2021
| October 14, 2021
|-
| Extension of voter registration for voters in the Philippines<ref name=":1" />
| October 11, 2021
| October 30, 2021
|-
| Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot
| colspan="2" | November 15, 2021
|-
| Printing of ballots
| January 20, 2022<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patinio|first=Ferdinand|date=January 19, 2022|title=Comelec resets start of printing of ballots|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165895|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.pna.gov.ph|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119122935/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165895 |archive-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>
| April 2, 2022
|-
| Election period
* Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms
* Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials
| January 9, 2022
| June 8, 2022
|-
| Campaign period for nationally elected positions
| February 8, 2022
| rowspan="2" | May 7, 2022
|-
| Campaign period for locally elected positions
| March 25, 2022
|-
| '''Voting for overseas voters'''
| '''April 10, 2022'''
| '''May 9, 2022'''
|-
| [[Election silence]] ([[Maundy Thursday]] and [[Good Friday]])
| April 14, 2022
| April 15, 2022
|-
| '''Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines'''
| '''April 27, 2022'''
| '''April 29, 2022'''
|-
| Election silence
| colspan="2" | May 8, 2022
|-
| '''[[Election day]]; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines'''
| '''May 9, 2022'''
| '''May 9, 2022'''
|-
| Counting of votes for city and municipal officials
| May 9, 2022
| May 12, 2022
|-
| Counting of votes for provincial officials and members of Congress
| May 10, 2022
| May 16, 2022
|-
| Term of office of winning candidates for local officials and House representatives
| rowspan="2" | June 30, 2022
| June 30, 2025
|-
| Term of office of winning candidates for president, vice president and senators
| June 30, 2028
|}

Ballot printing was initially scheduled to start on January 15, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-08|title=Philippines begins 2022 election period|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/election-period-begins-philippines-2022/|access-date=2022-01-21|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121080346/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/election-period-begins-philippines-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, technical issues hounded the printing, and the commission postponed it to January 17,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramirez|first=Robertzon|title=Comelec targets January 17 start of printing ballots|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/15/2154006/comelec-targets-january-17-start-printing-ballots|access-date=2022-01-21|website=Philstar.com|archive-date=2022-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124235323/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/15/2154006/comelec-targets-january-17-start-printing-ballots|url-status=live}}</ref> and then to January 19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-19|title=Comelec delays printing of 2022 ballots|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-delays-printing-official-ballots-2022-january-19-2021/|access-date=2022-01-21|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121080345/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-delays-printing-official-ballots-2022-january-19-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref> The commission started printing ballots on January 20, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mendoza|first=John Eric|date=2022-01-20|title=Comelec: Printing of manual ballots for May polls begins|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1543017/comelec-printing-of-manual-ballots-for-may-polls-begins|access-date=2022-01-21|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref>

== Parties and coalitions ==
{{See also|Political parties in the Philippines}}
As this was a presidential election year, presidential candidates could endorse a running mate for vice president, a senatorial slate, district and party-list representatives, and local officials, who may not necessarily be of the same party or coalition. According to Joy Aceron, an academic from the Ateneo De Manila University, political parties in the Philippines have been described as "temporary political alliances", or it is argued that there are no parties at all, merely "fan clubs of politicians". [[Party switching|Party-switching]] is not uncommon, and the dependence of parties on personalities instead of issues is seen as a factor of why this is so.<ref name=":64">{{Cite web|last=Macaraeg|first=Pauline|date=January 27, 2019|title=Who to Vote For? Get To Know the Political Parties in the Philippines|url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/political-parties-in-the-philippines-a00287-20190127-lfrm|access-date=September 8, 2020|website=Esquiremag.ph|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425023150/https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/political-parties-in-the-philippines-a00287-20190127-lfrm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last=Macaraeg|first=Pauline|date=January 31, 2019|title=(Part 2) Who to Vote For? Get To Know the Political Parties in the Philippines|url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/the-political-parties-in-the-philippines-a00287-20190131|access-date=September 8, 2020|website=Esquiremag.ph|archive-date=September 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913101829/https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/the-political-parties-in-the-philippines-a00287-20190131|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Parties and seats held prior to the elections ===
The following table is sorted by which party holds the presidency, vice presidency, number of House seats, and number of Senate seats.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Party
! rowspan="2" | Abbr.
! colspan="2" | Leaders
! rowspan="2" | Ideology
! rowspan="2" | [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House]] seats
! rowspan="2" | [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]] seats
! rowspan="2" | Endorsed presidential candidate
|-
! Chairperson
! President
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}};" |
| rowspan="2" | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan<br/><small>Philippine Democratic Party-People's Power</small>
| Cusi wing
| rowspan="2" | [[PDP–Laban]]
| President [[Rodrigo Duterte]]
| Energy Secretary [[Alfonso Cusi]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 17, 2021 |title=Cusi named as new PDP-Laban president in Duterte-led assembly; Pacquiao faction questions legality |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/7/17/Cusi-PDP-Laban-president-Pacquiao-assembly.html |access-date=September 14, 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914082332/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/7/17/Cusi-PDP-Laban-president-Pacquiao-assembly.html |archive-date=September 14, 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | [[Social democracy]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Government and Politics of the Philippines |date=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor=Raul P. De Guzman, Mila A. Reforma |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Southeast Asia in the New International Era |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |editor=Robert Dayley |quote=the Philippine Democrat Party—People's Power (PDP-Laban), the current ruling party which claims social democracy as its ideology and advocates for federalism.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Agrarian Reform in the Philippines: Democratic Transitions and Redistributive Reform |date=2020 |publisher=Stanford University Press |editor=Jeffrey M. Riedinger |page=28 |quote=Organized in February 1982, the Philippine Democratic Party (PDP) was the principal political vehicle for social democrats in the later years of the Marcos regime.}}</ref>
[[Democratic socialism]]<!--Does this apply specifically the Pimentel wing of the party?--><ref name="chicharacteristics">{{cite web |title=Philippines with Chinese characteristics?{{snd}}The Manila Times Online |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/philippines-with-chinese-characteristics/398643/ |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=www.manilatimes.net |date=14 May 2018 |archive-date=12 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812181428/https://www.manilatimes.net/philippines-with-chinese-characteristics/398643/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|62|304|hex={{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|5|24|hex={{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}}}
| [[Bongbong Marcos]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulle |first=Jimbo |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Marcos is PDP-Laban bet |url=https://manilastandard.net/news/314216050/marcos-is-pdp-laban-bet.html |access-date=March 22, 2022 |website=Manila Standard |language=en |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321204201/https://manilastandard.net/news/314216050/marcos-is-pdp-laban-bet.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Pimentel wing
| Senator [[Koko Pimentel]]
| Senator [[Manny Pacquiao]]
| Manny Pacquiao<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mercado |first1=Jan Escosio |first2=Neil |last2=Arwin |date=2021-09-19 |title=Pimentel PDP-Laban faction declares Pacquiao as presidential bet for 2022 |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489845/pimentel-pdp-laban-faction-declares-pacquiao-as-presidential-bet-for-2022 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]]<br/><small>Liberal Party</small>
| LP
| Vice President [[Leni Robredo]]
| Senator [[Francis Pangilinan]]
| [[Liberalism]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Values Charter{{snd}}Liberal Party of the Philippines |language=en-US |work=Liberal Party of the Philippines |url=https://liberal.ph/values-charter/ |access-date=July 24, 2018 |archive-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122310/https://liberal.ph/values-charter/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Composition bar|16|304|hex={{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|24|hex={{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}}}
| Leni Robredo<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=2021-10-08 |title=Robredo says running as independent is 'symbolic way' of showing inclusivity |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1499055/robredo-says-running-as-independent-is-symbolic-way-of-showing-inclusivity |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Nacionalista Party}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Nacionalista Party]]<br/><small>Nationalist Party</small>
| NP
| Senator [[Cynthia Villar]]
| Former Senate President [[Manny Villar]]
| [[Conservatism]]<ref name="bertrand">Bertrand, J. (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=AYMYAAAAQBAJ ''Political Change in Southeast Asia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615121440/https://books.google.com/books?id=AYMYAAAAQBAJ |date=2023-06-15 }}. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="berneo">Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9hsDQAAQBAJ ''Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615122659/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9hsDQAAQBAJ |date=2023-06-15 }}. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.</ref>
| {{Composition bar|42|304|hex={{party color|Nacionalista Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|4|24|hex={{party color|Nacionalista Party}}}}
| Bongbong Marcos<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=March 29, 2022 |title=BREAK: Marcos-Duterte gets backing of Villar's Nacionalista Party |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1575079/fwd-break-marcos-duterte-gets-backing-of-nacionalista-party |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329035022/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1575079/fwd-break-marcos-duterte-gets-backing-of-nacionalista-party |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Nationalist People's Coalition]]
| NPC
| Senate President [[Tito Sotto]]
| Former House Representative from Isabela Giorgidi Aggabao
| Conservatism<ref name=":64" />
| {{Composition bar|33|304|hex={{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|24|hex={{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}}}
| None{{efn|Some members of the party supported candidates other than Lacson. Therefore, the party has no official endorsed presidential candidate.}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=2022-03-03 |title=Sotto 'confident' NPC will back his tandem with Lacson |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1562960/sotto-confident-npc-will-back-his-tandem-with-lacson |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223212/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1562960/sotto-confident-npc-will-back-his-tandem-with-lacson |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[National Unity Party (Philippines)|National Unity Party]]
| NUP
| Former House Representative from Antipolo [[Ronaldo Puno]]
| House Representative from Cavite [[Elpidio Barzaga Jr.]]
| [[Social conservatism]], [[Christian democracy]]<ref name=":64" />
| {{Composition bar|44|304|hex={{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}}}
| Bongbong Marcos<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mercado |first1=Neil Arwin |date=March 24, 2022 |title=NUP backs Bongbong Marcos' presidential bid |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1573225/nup-backs-bongbong-marcos-presidential-bid |access-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324103127/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1573225/nup-backs-bongbong-marcos-presidential-bid |archive-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Lakas-CMD}};" |
| colspan="2" | Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats<br/><small>People Power-Christian Muslim Democrats</small>
| [[Lakas–CMD]]
| [[Davao City]] Mayor [[Sara Duterte]]
| House Representative from Leyte [[Martin Romualdez]]
| Christian democracy,<ref>{{Cite news |author=Carmela Fonbuena |title=JDV quits Lakas, won't join Lakas-Kampi |language=en-US |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/05/27/09/jdv-quits-lakas-wont-join-lakas-kampi |access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Major party-list groups join Lakas {{!}} Philstar.com |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/02/08/383980/major-party-list-groups-join-lakas |access-date=July 24, 2018 |website=philstar.com |archive-date=June 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223128/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/02/08/383980/major-party-list-groups-join-lakas |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Islamic democracy]]
| {{Composition bar|19|304|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|24|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
| Bongbong Marcos<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=2022-02-21 |title=Lakas-CMD: Bongbong Marcos is our presidential bet |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1557777/lakas-cmd-bongbong-marcos-is-our-presidential-candidate |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327043319/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1557777/lakas-cmd-bongbong-marcos-is-our-presidential-candidate |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan}};" |
| colspan="2" | Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan<br/><small>Patriotic Coalition of the People</small>
| [[Makabayan]] or MKM
|
* Former House Representative for [[Bayan Muna]] [[Neri Colmenares]]
* Former [[Gabriela Women's Party]] House Representative [[Liza Maza]]
* Former Agrarian Reform Secretary [[Rafael V. Mariano]]
| Former House Representative for Bayan Muna [[Satur Ocampo]]
| [[Progressivism]],<ref name=":72" /> [[National Democracy (Philippines)|National Democracy]]<ref name="ILPS_b">{{cite web |title=Participating Organizations |url=http://www.ilps.info/index.php/en/about-us/participating-organizations |access-date=March 5, 2022 |work=International League of Peoples' Struggle |archive-date=September 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919033241/http://ilps.info/index.php/en/about-us/participating-organizations |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{Composition bar|6|304|hex={{party color|Makabayan}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|Makabayan}}}}
| Leni Robredo<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |author1=Krixia Subingsubing |author2=Gabriel Pabico Lalu |date=2022-01-28 |title=Neri, Makabayan end speculations, endorse Robredo, Pangilinan for 2022 polls |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1546743/neri-makabayan-end-speculations-endorse-leni-kiko-tandem-for-2022-polls |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209140518/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1546743/neri-makabayan-end-speculations-endorse-leni-kiko-tandem-for-2022-polls |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino]]<br /><small>Struggle of Democratic Filipinos</small>
| LDP
| Senator [[Sonny Angara]]
| House Representative from Aurora [[Bella Angara]]
| [[Economic liberalism]]<ref name=":64" />
| {{Composition bar|2|304|hex={{party color|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|24|hex={{party color|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}}}
| None yet{{update inline|date=June 2023}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma]]<br/><small>Party for Democratic Reforms</small>
| Reporma or PDR
| Vacant
| House Representative from Davao del Norte [[Pantaleon Alvarez]]
| [[Conservative liberalism]]
| {{Composition bar|1|304|hex={{party color|Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|24|hex={{party color|Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma}}}}
| Leni Robredo<ref>{{Cite news |last=Llanesca |first=Panti |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Partido Reporma switches support to Robredo in 2022 proxy race |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/826132/reporma-president-alvarez-endorses-robredo-for-president/story/ |access-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324045859/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/826132/reporma-president-alvarez-endorses-robredo-for-president/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Aksyon Demokratiko]]<br /><small>Democratic Action</small>
| Aksyon
| Ernesto Ramel Jr.
| Manila Mayor [[Isko Moreno]]
| Progressivism, [[liberal democracy]]<ref name=":64" />
| {{Composition bar|1|304|hex={{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}}}}
| Isko Moreno<ref name=":6" />
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Akbayan}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[Akbayan|Akbayan Citizens Action Party]]
| Akbayan
| Gio Tiongson
| Rafaela David
| Progressivism, democratic socialism<ref name=":64" />
| {{Composition bar|0|304|hex={{party color|Akbayan}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|24|hex={{party color|Akbayan}}}}
| Leni Robredo<ref>{{Cite web |title='Akbayan si Leni': Akbayan Party endorses Robredo for president in 2022 |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/10/06/akbayan-si-leni-akbayan-party-endorses-robredo-for-president-in-2022/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223121/https://mb.com.ph/2021/10/06/akbayan-si-leni-akbayan-party-endorses-robredo-for-president-in-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives}};" |
| colspan="2" | [[PROMDI|Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives]]
| PROMDI
| Senator Manny Pacquiao (honorary chairperson)
| Mimo Osmeña
| [[Devolution]]
| {{Composition bar|0|304|hex={{party color|Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|24|hex={{party color|Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives}}}}
| Manny Pacquiao<ref name=":7" />
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}};  |
| colspan="2" | [[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas]]<br /><small>Federal Party of the Philippines</small>
| PFP
| Former Senator Bongbong Marcos
| [[South Cotabato]] Governor [[Reynaldo Tamayo Jr.]]
| [[Federalism in the Philippines|Federalism]]<ref name=":72" />
| {{Composition bar|0|304|hex={{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}}}
| Bongbong Marcos<ref name=":4" />
|}
{{notelist|group=partytable}}

=== National conventions and assemblies ===
[[Party conference|National political conventions and assemblies]] were held to nominate candidates for the upcoming election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=#PHVote: Political party conventions, announcement of nominees for the 2022 Philippine elections |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/list-videos-political-party-conventions-announcement-nominees-2022-polls |access-date=October 7, 2021 |website=Rappler |date=9 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223027/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/list-videos-political-party-conventions-announcement-nominees-2022-polls/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The PDP–Laban's two factions held separate conventions. On September 8, 2021, the Cusi faction held their national convention in [[San Fernando, Pampanga]], where they selected Senator [[Bong Go]] as their presidential nominee and incumbent President Rodrigo Duterte as his running mate. They also nominated eight people for senator.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HIGHLIGHTS: PDP-Laban Cusi faction national convention|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/updates-news-pdp-laban-alfonso-cusi-faction-national-convention-2021|access-date=October 13, 2021|website=Rappler|date=7 September 2021|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008095047/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/updates-news-pdp-laban-alfonso-cusi-faction-national-convention-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The opposing faction led by Pimentel held their convention in Quezon City on September 19. Senator Manny Pacquiao was nominated as their presidential candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Mercado|first1=Jan Escosio|first2=Neil|last2=Arwin|date=September 19, 2021|title=Pimentel PDP-Laban faction declares Pacquiao as presidential bet for 2022|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489845/pimentel-pdp-laban-faction-declares-pacquiao-as-presidential-bet-for-2022|access-date=October 6, 2021|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006213705/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489845/pimentel-pdp-laban-faction-declares-pacquiao-as-presidential-bet-for-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) held their own convention, nominating former Senator Bongbong Marcos as their presidential candidate.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=September 19, 2021|title=Partido Federal fortifies itself for the 2022 elections|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/09/19/partido-federal-fortifies-itself-for-the-2022-elections/|access-date=October 6, 2021|website=BusinessMirror|language=en-US|archive-date=October 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005050431/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/09/19/partido-federal-fortifies-itself-for-the-2022-elections/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also nominated by the [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]] (KBL) at their convention on September 24.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KBL nominates Bongbong as its 2022 presidential candidate|url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/24/kbl-nominates-bongbong-for-its-2022-presidential-candidate/|access-date=October 6, 2021|website=Manila Bulletin|language=en-US|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006215106/https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/24/kbl-nominates-bongbong-for-its-2022-presidential-candidate/|url-status=live}}</ref> National democracy coalition Makabayan held its assembly on September 27 and nominated members for its party lists.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marquez|first=Consuelo|title=Makabayan coalition announces nominees for Eleksyon 2022|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/804793/makabayan-coalition-announces-nominees-for-eleksyon-2022/story/|access-date=2022-02-17|website=GMA News Online|date=27 September 2021|language=en|archive-date=2024-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223029/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/804793/makabayan-coalition-announces-nominees-for-eleksyon-2022/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Aksyon Demokratiko party also held their convention on September 27 in Manila, selecting Manila Mayor Isko Moreno and [[Willie Ong]] as their standard bearers for the presidential and vice presidential elections respectively.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Mayor Isko officially named Aksyon Demokratiko standard bearer in 2022 elections|url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/27/mayor-isko-officially-named-aksyon-demokratiko-standard-bearer-in-2022-elections/|access-date=October 6, 2021|website=Manila Bulletin|language=en-US|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006215104/https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/27/mayor-isko-officially-named-aksyon-demokratiko-standard-bearer-in-2022-elections/|url-status=live}}</ref> Aksyon also nominated two people for Senate. PROMDI held their national convention in [[Cebu City]] on the same day, nominating Pacquiao for president and approving an electoral alliance with the Pimentel faction of PDP–Laban.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Escosio|first=Jan V.|date=September 27, 2021|title=Promdi backing strengthens Pacquiao's bid for presidency|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1493737/promdi-backing-strengthens-pacquiaos-bid-for-presidency|access-date=October 6, 2021|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|archive-date=June 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223028/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1493737/promdi-backing-strengthens-pacquiaos-bid-for-presidency|url-status=live}}</ref> On September 28, two labor parties, [[Labor Party Philippines]] (LPP) and Partido Lakas ng Manggagawang Pilipino (PLMP), held their political convention in [[Mabalacat]]. This convention nominated Marcos for president, approved an electoral alliance between LPP and PLMP, endorsed the [[Asenso Manileño]] party list, and approved partnerships between LPP and KBL and PFP. The [[Partido Lakas ng Masa]] (PLM) held their national convention on the same day and nominated labor leader [[Leody de Guzman]] for president.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayalin|first=Adrian|date=September 28, 2021|title=Ka Leody De Guzman accepts nomination for president in 2022|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/28/21/ka-leody-de-guzman-accepts-nomination-for-president-in-2022|access-date=October 22, 2021|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en}}</ref> Former Akbayan representative [[Walden Bello]] was eventually chosen to be his running mate.<ref name="Inquirer-Bello-VP2">{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=John Eric |date=October 20, 2021 |title=Activist Walden Bello runs for VP as Ka Leody's running mate |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1504411/activist-walden-bello-runs-for-vp-as-ka-leodys-running-mate |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020092759/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1504411/activist-walden-bello-runs-for-vp-as-ka-leodys-running-mate |url-status=live }}</ref>

Some of the results of the national conventions were noticeably not followed. For the Cusi faction of the PDP–Laban, Go declined to run for president, and Duterte, who originally accepted the nomination,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=September 8, 2021 |title=PDP-Laban Cusi wing proclaims Go, Duterte as standard-bearers in 2022 polls |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1485329/pdp-laban-cusi-wing-proclaims-go-duterte-as-standard-bearers-in-2022-polls |access-date=September 9, 2021 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908213224/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1485329/pdp-laban-cusi-wing-proclaims-go-duterte-as-standard-bearers-in-2022-polls |url-status=live }}</ref> changed his mind and announced his retirement from politics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 3, 2021 |title=Duterte announces 'retirement from politics' |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |location=[[Quezon City]], Philippines |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/02/21/duterte-announces-retirement-from-politics |access-date=October 2, 2021 |archive-date=October 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002081544/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/02/21/duterte-announces-retirement-from-politics |url-status=live }}</ref> In the end, Go became the vice presidential nominee,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duterte top aide Go files COC for vice president |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/02/2131067/duterte-top-aide-go-files-coc-vice-president |access-date=October 2, 2021 |website=Philstar.com |archive-date=October 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002074437/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/02/2131067/duterte-top-aide-go-files-coc-vice-president |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[Ronald dela Rosa]] was named their presidential nominee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Punzalan |first=Jamaine |date=October 8, 2021 |title=Bato Dela Rosa is running for president |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/08/21/bato-dela-rosa-is-running-for-president |url-status=live |access-date=October 8, 2021 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008083457/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/08/21/bato-dela-rosa-is-running-for-president |archive-date=2021-10-08 }}</ref> Pacquiao ran under the PROMDI party instead of PDP{{En dash}}Laban, after the Pimentel faction forged an electoral alliance with them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cabuenas |first=Jon Viktor D. |title=Pacquiao chosen as standard bearer of PDP-Laban faction in Eleksyon 2022 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/803856/pacquiao-chosen-as-standard-bearer-of-pdp-laban-faction-in-eleksyon-2022/story/ |access-date=September 19, 2021 |website=GMA News Online |date=19 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920120439/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/803856/pacquiao-chosen-as-standard-bearer-of-pdp-laban-faction-in-eleksyon-2022/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Villaruel |first=Jauhn Etienne |date=October 1, 2021 |title=Pacquiao runs under Cebu-based party amid PDP squabble |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/01/21/pacquiao-runs-under-cebu-based-party-amid-pdp-squabble |url-status=live |access-date=October 8, 2021 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001034737/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/01/21/pacquiao-runs-under-cebu-based-party-amid-pdp-squabble |archive-date=2021-10-01 }}</ref> Marcos, who was nominated by at least four parties, chose to run under the PFP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bordey |first=Hana |title=Bongbong Marcos files COC for president in Eleksyon 2022 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/805895/bongbong-marcos-files-coc-for-president-in-eleksyon-2022/story/ |access-date=October 8, 2021 |website=GMA News Online |date=6 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211023/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/805895/bongbong-marcos-files-coc-for-president-in-eleksyon-2022/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Makabayan bloc would also later endorse incumbent VP Robredo and Senator Francis Pangilinan as their presidential and vice presidential candidates respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gregorio|first=Xave|title=Makabayan says can deliver around 3M votes for Robredo-Pangilinan tandem|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/29/2157225/makabayan-says-can-deliver-around-3m-votes-robredo-pangilinan-tandem|access-date=2022-02-17|website=Philstar.com|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217043542/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/29/2157225/makabayan-says-can-deliver-around-3m-votes-robredo-pangilinan-tandem|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the flurry of substitutions prior to the deadline, Duterte and Go, erstwhile PDP–Laban politicians, were to run under the [[Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan]] as senator and president respectively, to avoid legal complications amidst the [[2021 PDP–Laban dispute|ongoing dispute in PDP–Laban]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mendoza|first=John Eric|date=2021-11-13|title=Bong Go to run under PDDS due to unresolved PDP-Laban row — Matibag|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1514486/bong-go-to-run-under-pdds-due-to-unresolved-pdp-laban-row-matibag|access-date=2021-11-16|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116144045/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1514486/bong-go-to-run-under-pdds-due-to-unresolved-pdp-laban-row-matibag|url-status=live}}</ref> Go announced his withdrawal from the presidential election on November 30, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ismael|first=Javier Joe|date=2021-12-01|title=Bong Go backs out|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/11/30/news/bong-go-drops-out-of-presidential-race/1824184|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-02|website=[[The Manila Times]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130025539/https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/11/30/news/bong-go-drops-out-of-presidential-race/1824184 |archive-date=2021-11-30 }}</ref>

=== Coalitions ===
The Philippines is a [[Multi-party system|multi-party democracy]]. This means parties enter into coalitions and alliances with each other prior to, during, and after elections in order to be part of the government. These coalitions are ordered by formalization date.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Coalition
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Parties
! colspan="2" |Presidential ticket
! rowspan="2" |Senatorial slate
|-
!President
!Vice president
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives}};" |
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Update MP3 Alliance.jpg|frameless|108x108px]]<br/>'''[[MP3 Alliance]]'''<br/><small>Formalized September 18, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mendoza|first=John Eric|date=2021-09-18|title=2 local parties form alliance with Pacquiao's PDP-Laban wing|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489556/2-local-parties-form-alliance-with-pacquiaos-pdp-laban-wing|access-date=2021-11-25|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125194628/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489556/2-local-parties-form-alliance-with-pacquiaos-pdp-laban-wing|url-status=live}}</ref></small>
! style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}};" |
| [[PDP–Laban]] Pimentel wing
| rowspan="3"  style="text-align:center" | '''[[Manny Pacquiao]]'''<br/>PROMDI
| rowspan="3"  style="text-align:center" | '''[[Lito Atienza]]'''<br/>PROMDI
| rowspan="3" |
* Lutgardo Barbo (PDP–Laban)
* [[Jejomar Binay]] ([[United Nationalist Alliance|UNA]])
* [[Neri Colmenares]] ([[Makabayan]])
* [[JV Ejercito]] ([[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]])
* [[Chiz Escudero]] (NPC)
* [[Win Gatchalian]] (NPC)
* [[Dick Gordon (politician)|Dick Gordon]] ([[Bagumbayan–VNP]])
* Elmer Labog (Makabayan)
* [[Loren Legarda]] (NPC)
* [[Raffy Tulfo]] (Independent)
* [[Joel Villanueva]] (Independent)
* [[Migz Zubiri]] (Independent)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives}};" |
| [[PROMDI]]
|-
! style="background:#f77f00;" | 
| [[People's Champ Movement]]
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan}};" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Ronald dela Rosa and Bong Go 2022 presidential campaigns|'''Tuloy ang Pagbabago coalition''']]<br/><small>Formalized September 23, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Romero|first=Jasmin|date=2021-09-23|title=PDP-Laban Cusi wing allies with another party|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/23/21/pdp-laban-cusi-wing-allies-with-another-party|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-02|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923195045/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/23/21/pdp-laban-cusi-wing-allies-with-another-party |archive-date=2021-09-23 }}</ref></small>
! style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}};" | 
| PDP–Laban Cusi wing
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|none}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" | '''[[Sara Duterte]]'''<br/>Lakas–CMD
| rowspan="2" |
* [[Greco Belgica]] (PDDS)
* [[John Castriciones]] (PDP–Laban)
* [[Gregorio Honasan]] (Independent)
* [[Rey Langit]] (PDP–Laban)
* [[Rodante Marcoleta]] (PDP–Laban)
* [[Robin Padilla]] (PDP–Laban)
* [[Salvador Panelo]] (PDP–Laban)
* Astravel Pimentel-Naik (PDP–Laban)
* [[Mark Villar]] ([[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]])
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan}};" |
| [[Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan]] (PDDS)
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}};" |
| rowspan="4" |<br/>'''[[UniTeam]]'''<br/><small>Formalized November 25, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gregorio|first=Xave|title=Political clans form coalition to support Bongbong-Sara tandem|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/11/25/2143769/political-clans-form-coalition-support-bongbong-sara-tandem|access-date=2021-11-25|website=Philstar.com}}</ref></small>
! style="background:{{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}};" | 
| [[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas]] (PFP)
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | '''[[Bongbong Marcos]]'''<br/>PFP
| rowspan="4" |
* [[Herbert Bautista]] (NPC)
* [[Jinggoy Estrada]] ([[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]])
* Larry Gadon ([[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan|KBL]])
* Win Gatchalian (NPC)
* Gregorio Honasan (Independent)
* Loren Legarda (NPC)
* Rodante Marcoleta (PDP–Laban)
* Robin Padilla (PDP–Laban)
* [[Harry Roque]] ([[People's Reform Party|PRP]])
* [[Gilbert Teodoro]] (PRP)
* Mark Villar (Nacionalista)
* Migz Zubiri (Independent)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats}};" | 
| [[Lakas–CMD]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}};" |
| [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino]] (PMP)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Hugpong ng Pagbabago}};" |
| [[Hugpong ng Pagbabago]] (HNP)
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background:#FE18A3 |
| rowspan="4" |<br/>'''[[Team Robredo–Pangilinan]]'''
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" |
| [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] (LP)
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | '''[[Leni Robredo]]'''<br />Independent
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | '''[[Francis Pangilinan]]'''<br />Liberal
| rowspan="4" |
* [[Teddy Baguilat]] (Liberal)
* [[Jejomar Binay]] (UNA)
* [[Leila de Lima]] (Liberal)
* [[Chel Diokno]] ([[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino|KANP]])
* [[Francis Escudero]] (NPC)
* Dick Gordon (Bagumbayan–VNP)
* [[Risa Hontiveros]] (Akbayan)
* [[Alex Lacson]] ([[Ang Kapatiran]])
* [[Sonny Matula]] (Independent)
* [[Antonio Trillanes]] (Liberal)
* Joel Villanueva (Independent)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Akbayan}};" |
| [[Akbayan]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}};" |
| [[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino]] (KANP)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Ang Kapatiran}};" | 
| [[Ang Kapatiran]]
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:#c5412a;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:LNM logo.png|frameless|90x90px]]<br/>'''[[Laban ng Masa]]'''
! style="background:{{party color|Partido Lakas ng Masa}};" |
| [[Partido Lakas ng Masa]] (PLM)
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''[[Leody de Guzman]]'''<br />PLM
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''[[Walden Bello]]'''<br />PLM
| rowspan="2" |
* Teddy Baguilat (Liberal)
* {{ill|Roy Cabonegro|ceb}} (PLM)
* Neri Colmenares (Makabayan)
* {{ill|David D'Angelo|ceb}} (PLM)
* Leila de Lima (Liberal)
* Chel Diokno (KANP)
* {{ill|Luke Espíritu|es}} (BMP)
* Risa Hontiveros (Akbayan)
* [[Elmer Labog]] (Makabayan)
* Sonny Matula (Independent)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Sanlakas}};" |
| [[Sanlakas]]
|-
|}

== Issues ==

=== Relationship with China ===
{{Main|China–Philippines relations}}
Laura del Rosario, former Undersecretary for International Economic Affairs, alleged that to ensure a pro-Chinese leader is elected, multiple candidates would be clandestinely supported by [[China]], and encouraged the public to reject these "[[The Manchurian Candidate|Manchurian candidates]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gotinga |first=JC |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Experts warn of China-backed candidates in 2022 PH elections |url=https://rappler.co/nation/former-admiral-ambassador-warn-chinese-influence-elections-2022-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626230710/https://rappler.co/nation/former-admiral-ambassador-warn-chinese-influence-elections-2022-2 |archive-date=June 26, 2020 |access-date=June 24, 2020 |website=Rappler}}</ref> China was involved in [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|territorial disputes]] with the Philippines throughout the election period. Rodrigo Duterte's office described former Secretary of Foreign Affairs [[Albert del Rosario]]'s allegation that he received support from China in 2016 as nonsensical.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lema |first=Karen |date=2021-07-12 |title=Philippines calls allegation of China election influence 'nonsense' |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |editor-last=Petty |editor-first=Martin |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-calls-allegation-china-election-influence-nonsense-2021-07-12/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320233833/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-calls-allegation-china-election-influence-nonsense-2021-07-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Candidate substitution ===
Substitution of candidates aside from death or illness is allowed in the Philippines, under the Omnibus Election Code. A substitute can replace a withdrawn candidate only on COMELEC's set schedule; for death or disqualification, the substitute can replace the original candidate until midday on election day.<ref>{{Cite web |work=Nicolas and De Vega Law Offices |date=January 2, 2019 |title=Substitution of Candidates in Philippine Elections |url=https://ndvlaw.com/substitution-of-candidates-in-philippine-elections/ |access-date=October 13, 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007081122/https://ndvlaw.com/substitution-of-candidates-in-philippine-elections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Notably, incumbent president Rodrigo Duterte was a substitute in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time to scrap 'deceptive' substitution scheme for aspiring candidates{{snd}}analysts |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/5/time-to-scrap-deceptive-substitution-scheme.html |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=cnn |language=en |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016051532/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/5/time-to-scrap-deceptive-substitution-scheme.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Deputy speaker [[Rufus Rodriguez]] proposed to ban such substitutions, and to reimpose the old rule that requires candidates to resign from any political positions they hold when running for a different position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=John Eric |date=October 12, 2021 |title=Solon proposes ban vs substitution of candidates |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1500826/solon-proposes-ban-vs-substitution-of-candidates |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013035233/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1500826/solon-proposes-ban-vs-substitution-of-candidates |url-status=live }}</ref> The commission promised to be firm on rules regarding substitution after Sara Duterte missed the deadline to file for presidential candidacy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comelec to be very firm on rules on substitution |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/10/08/comelec-to-be-very-firm-on-rules-on-substitution/ |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en-US |archive-date=October 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009173010/https://mb.com.ph/2021/10/08/comelec-to-be-very-firm-on-rules-on-substitution/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Smartmatic data breach ===
On January 10, 2022, the ''[[Manila Bulletin]]'' published an article alleging that COMELEC's servers were hacked by a group who downloaded more than 60 gigabytes of data containing usernames and passwords for the [[vote-counting machines]] (VCMs), and other sensitive information.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 10, 2022 |title=Comelec servers hacked; Downloaded data may include information that could affect 2022 elections |work=[[Manila Bulletin]] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/10/comelec-servers-hacked-downloaded-data-may-include-information-that-could-affect-2022-elections/ |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407015934/https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/10/comelec-servers-hacked-downloaded-data-may-include-information-that-could-affect-2022-elections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The commission initially denied its servers were breached and asserted that their system has not yet been connected to any network and no PINs have been generated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 18, 2022 |title=Comelec open to 'hacking' probe, denies data breach anew |work=[[CNN Philippines]] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/18/Comelec-hacking-probe.html |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407015934/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/18/Comelec-hacking-probe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following the report, the [[National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)|National Bureau of Investigation]] (NBI) launched its own investigation into the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 15, 2022 |title=NBI probe on alleged Comelec hacking underway |work=[[CNN Philippines]] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/15/NBI-probe-on-alleged-Comelec-hacking-underway.html |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407020206/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/15/NBI-probe-on-alleged-Comelec-hacking-underway.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another investigation by the [[Department of Information and Communications Technology]] (DICT) asserted that it was not COMELEC that was hacked, but its software contractor, Smartmatic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Eimor |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Anti-cybercrime body sees Smartmatic system breach; Comelec maintains no sensitive data shared |work=[[CNN Philippines]] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/28/comelec-smartmatic-alleged-hacking.html |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407023213/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/1/28/comelec-smartmatic-alleged-hacking.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A public hearing was held by the Senate. On March 17, 2022 after the Senate's executive session with COMELEC officials, senators [[Imee Marcos]] and Tito Sotto revealed that Smartmatic was breached after an employee allowed a group to copy data from a company-issued laptop.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tamayo |first=Bernadette |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Comelec admits breach in Smartmatic system |work=[[The Manila Times]] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/03/18/news/national/comelec-admits-breach-in-smartmatic-system/1836670 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=June 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223611/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/03/18/news/national/comelec-admits-breach-in-smartmatic-system/1836670 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Senator: Data breach could impair elections |work=[[BusinessWorld]] |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/senator-data-breach-could-impair-elections/ |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407020206/https://www.bworldonline.com/senator-data-breach-could-impair-elections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The commission later met with Smartmatic officials on March 31.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nazario |first=Dhel |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Comelec to meet with Smartmatic to tackle alleged data breach |work=[[Manila Bulletin]] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/31/comelec-to-meet-with-smartmatic-to-tackle-alleged-data-breach/ |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407020206/https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/31/comelec-to-meet-with-smartmatic-to-tackle-alleged-data-breach/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 1, COMELEC confirmed the Smartmatic breach, but clarified that the leaked data was not related to the elections, and the [[SD card]]s for the VCMs were not compromised.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Villa |first=Kathleen |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Comelec: Smartmatic data breach not related to polls |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576942/comelec-smartmatic-data-breach-not-related-to-polls |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=June 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223839/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576942/comelec-smartmatic-data-breach-not-related-to-polls |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Election-related violence ===
Even before election day, multiple cases of gun violence and attacks were reported in different areas of the country. In [[Ilocos Sur]], a shoot-out led to 2 injuries.

COMELEC placed the following areas under strict control. Once an area is placed under the commission's control, it has direct supervision over officials and employees, and full control over law enforcement agencies guarding the area. Prior to the release of the initial two places, the commission withheld releasing a list of such areas because it had not yet been validated.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Comelec belatedly announces placing 2 Lanao del Sur towns under its control |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/malabang-tuburuan-lanao-del-sur-placed-under-comelec-control/ |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419144050/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/malabang-tuburuan-lanao-del-sur-placed-under-comelec-control/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Most of the places under commission control are located in [[Mindanao]].

* [[Malabang]], in [[Lanao del Sur]], due to a "recent spate of killings"<ref name=":9" />
* [[Tubaran]], Lanao del Sur, which has a history of election-related violence<ref name=":9" />
* The following places in [[Bangsamoro]], upon recommendation of the police, military, and regional election director:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-26 |title=Marawi City, 7 towns in Bangsamoro region placed under Comelec control |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/04/26/444752/marawi-city-7-towns-in-bangsamoro-region-placed-under-comelec-control/ |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=BusinessWorld Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505170941/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/04/26/444752/marawi-city-7-towns-in-bangsamoro-region-placed-under-comelec-control/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Marawi]], Lanao del Sur
** [[Maguing]], Lanao del Sur
** [[Buluan]], in [[Maguindanao]]
** [[Datu Odin Sinsuat]], Maguindanao
** [[Datu Piang, Maguindanao|Datu Piang]], Maguindanao
** [[Mangudadatu, Maguindanao|Mangudadatu]], Maguindanao
** [[Pandag, Maguindanao|Pandag]], Maguindanao
** [[Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao|Sultan Kudarat]], Maguindanao
* [[Misamis Occidental]], for security and safety concerns<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=2022-05-04 |title=Misamis Occidental, Pilar town in Abra placed under Comelec control |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592087/fwd-misamis-oriental-pilar-town-in-abra-placed-under-comelec-control |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504103928/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592087/fwd-misamis-oriental-pilar-town-in-abra-placed-under-comelec-control |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Pilar, Abra|Pilar]], in [[Abra (province)|Abra]], upon petition of its mayor<ref name=":10" />
On the election day itself, several separate incidents of grenade explosions were reported in the Maguindanaon towns of [[Datu Unsay]] and [[Shariff Aguak]], which resulted in nine minor injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-09 |title=9 injured in Maguindanao blasts |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/maguindanao-blasts-may-8/ |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223754/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/maguindanao-blasts-may-8/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In Buluan in the same province, a shooting led to the deaths of three guards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three guards killed at polling station in Philippine elections |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/9/three-security-guards-shot-dead-at-philippine-polling-station |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509113719/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/9/three-security-guards-shot-dead-at-philippine-polling-station |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalu |first=Gabriel Pabico |date=2022-05-09 |title=3 killed, one hurt in gun attack near polling precinct in Maguindanao town |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1594361/3-killed-one-hurt-in-gun-attack-near-polling-precinct-in-maguindanao-town |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509020740/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1594361/3-killed-one-hurt-in-gun-attack-near-polling-precinct-in-maguindanao-town |url-status=live }}</ref> In Datu Piang, six were hurt when a grenade exploded in front of a polling center.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rita |first=Joviland |title=PNP: 6 hurt in Datu Piang, Maguindanao explosion |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/831135/pnp-6-hurt-in-datu-piang-maguindanao-explosion/story/ |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=GMA News Online |date=9 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509175238/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/831135/pnp-6-hurt-in-datu-piang-maguindanao-explosion/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

One day after the elections, escalating protests at the [[Butig]] town hall in Lanao del Sur resulted in multiple injuries and damage to the hall's windows. The AFP calmed down the situation after sending additional personnel to the area. Accusations of electoral cheating by bringing VCMs into the hall as well as allegations of ballot fraud were seen as the primary reasons for the conflict between the two camps in the mayoral race.

=== Issues with vote-counting machines ===
Out of the 106,174 VCMs used in the elections,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Christia |date=May 6, 2022 |title=Comelec sees speedy results, fewer faulty VCMs |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592977/comelec-sees-speedy-results-fewer-faulty-vcms |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511001355/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592977/comelec-sees-speedy-results-fewer-faulty-vcms |url-status=live }}</ref> about 1,800 malfunctioned in election day. Commissioner George Garcia listed the common issues that the VCMs encountered as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=May 9, 2022 |title=Some 1,800 vote counting machines malfunctioned{{snd}}Comelec |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1594477/fwd-some-1800-vote-counting-machines-malfunctioned-comelec |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511001355/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1594477/fwd-some-1800-vote-counting-machines-malfunctioned-comelec |url-status=live }}</ref>

* 940 VCMs had a paper jam
* 606 VCMs rejected ballots
* 158 VCMs had scanner issues
* 87 VCMs were not printing
* 76 VCMs were not printing properly

The affected VCMs were repaired by technicians and only ten faulty machines needed to be replaced.

Voters in several precincts complained about the ordeal and many of them exceeded the allotted voting time during election day due to delays and machine malfunctions. Many were told to leave their ballots for the precinct director to scan, with some required to sign a [[waiver]]. This resulted in dismay from voters with many rejecting the offer. Some ballots which were successfully entered into the VCMs were reportedly not counted after the machine broke down requiring a designated technician to repair or replace it. COMELEC then ordered a temporary time extension for the precincts encountering problems.

According to [[National Security Council (Philippines)|national security]] adviser [[Hermogenes Esperon Jr.]], there were more than 20,000 attempts to hack the VCM system and automated fraud attempts but all were prevented. Esperon also noted that the number of malfunctioning VCMs did not reach one percent of the total number of VCMs that were used during the elections, signifying that the system was effective.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Jamil |title=Gov't blocked over 20,000 attempts to hack Eleksyon 2022 —Esperon |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/831335/gov-t-blocked-over-20-000-attempts-to-hack-eleksyon-2022-esperon/story/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=GMA News Online |date=11 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512130308/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/831335/gov-t-blocked-over-20-000-attempts-to-hack-eleksyon-2022-esperon/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Observations ===
The International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines (ICHRP), a global human rights group, released its final report in June 2022. The report said the elections failed to meet the standards of "free, honest, and fair" voting, citing reports of human rights violations and fraud. The ICHRP recommended the restructuring of COMELEC and replacing VCMs for future elections.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/06/28/22/halalan-2022-failed-filipinos-global-rights-group-says |title=Halalan 2022 'failed' Filipinos, global rights group says |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 1, 2022 |archive-date=July 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701131705/https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/06/28/22/halalan-2022-failed-filipinos-global-rights-group-says |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Campaign ==
Campaigning for nationally elected positions began on February 8, 2022. COMELEC, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, prohibited entering houses, kissing and hugging, and taking selfies with voters. Campaigns also required approval from the local elections office before being allowed to start. The commission also set up a [[Facebook]] page for its e-rallies, allowing candidates and parties a limited time to campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rules, restrictions set as poll campaign starts Feb. 8: Comelec|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167206|access-date=2022-02-23|website=www.pna.gov.ph|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223171716/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167206|url-status=live}}</ref> With most of the country being placed in Alert Level 1, the commission recalibrated its rules on March 16, increasing the capacity for venues and removing the need for permits for localities in levels 1 and 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comelec approves recalibrated rules for campaigning under the new normal |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/16/comelec-approves-recalibrated-rules-for-campaigning-under-the-new-normal/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223558/https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/16/comelec-approves-recalibrated-rules-for-campaigning-under-the-new-normal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The commission, as mandated by the Fair Elections Act, also banned campaign paraphernalia outside the common posting areas in every locality, in public spaces, and in private property without the owner's consent.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-07|title=Philippines kicks off campaign period amid COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/philippines-kicks-off-campaign-period-february-8-2022/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223620/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/philippines-kicks-off-campaign-period-february-8-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== ''Oplan Baklas'' ===
The Philippine National Police started ''Oplan Baklas'' ({{Literal translation|[[operation plan]] remove}}) on the first day of campaigning.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rita|first=Joviland|title=PNP to launch Oplan Baklas vs illegal campaign materials|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/821140/pnp-to-launch-oplan-baklas-vs-illegal-campaign-materials/story/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=GMA News Online|date=8 February 2022|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223171713/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/821140/pnp-to-launch-oplan-baklas-vs-illegal-campaign-materials/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Leni Robredo 2022 presidential campaign|Leni Robredo presidential campaign]], citing the arbitrary application of the law, was considering legal action in response to the actions of the authorities, as they removed campaign materials from private property. This followed the removal of campaign materials from their media center in Quezon City, and from their [[Santiago, Isabela]] campaign headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-17|title='Oplan Baklas' hit|url=https://malayaph.com/news_news/oplan-baklas-hit/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=malayaph.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223171716/https://malayaph.com/news_news/oplan-baklas-hit/|url-status=live}}</ref> Interior Secretary [[Eduardo Año]] defended the police actions, saying that private property owners were notified of the violations before the campaign materials were removed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rita|first=Joviland|title=Año defends Comelec's Oplan Baklas: It's warning first before poster removal|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/822283/ano-defends-comelec-s-oplan-baklas-it-s-warning-first-before-poster-removal/story/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=GMA News Online|date=18 February 2022|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223171713/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/822283/ano-defends-comelec-s-oplan-baklas-it-s-warning-first-before-poster-removal/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[1Sambayan]] cited the ''Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC'' [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] case, which states "COMELEC [has] no legal basis to regulate expressions made by private citizens."<ref>{{Cite web|title='Unconstitutional': Groups slam Comelec's removal of campaign posters from private property|url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/16/unconstitutional-groups-slam-comelecs-removal-of-campaign-posters-from-private-property/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=Manila Bulletin|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223173215/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/16/unconstitutional-groups-slam-comelecs-removal-of-campaign-posters-from-private-property/|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 8, the Supreme Court issued a [[restraining order]] against the operation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-08 |title=Supreme Court temporarily halts Comelec's 'Oplan Baklas' |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/3/8/SC-issues-TRO-Operation-Baklas.html |access-date=2022-03-09 |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308111023/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/3/8/SC-issues-TRO-Operation-Baklas.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

One day after the elections, the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority|MMDA]] and several [[Local government in the Philippines|LGUs]] conducted widespread enforcement, removing campaign posters and electoral paraphernalia. Posters near schools and government buildings were prioritized for clearance ahead of incoming classes. A week after the election, the MMDA had removed more than 470 tons of campaign material.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-05-19 |title=MMDA targets to collect all campaign materials this week |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/832187/mmda-targets-to-collect-all-campaign-materials-this-week/story/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=GMA News Online |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321021939/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/832187/mmda-targets-to-collect-all-campaign-materials-this-week/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2024, almost two years after the election, the Supreme Court ruled ''Oplan Baklas'', as it pertains to removal of campaign materials in private property, as unconstitutional, citing the aforementioned Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC case as precedent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panaligan |first=Rey G. |date=2024-03-20 |title=SC declares unconstitutional Comelec’s ‘Oplan Baklas’ in 2022 elections |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/3/20/sc-declares-unconstitutional-comelec-s-oplan-baklas-in-2022-elections |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626223614/https://mb.com.ph/2024/3/20/sc-declares-unconstitutional-comelec-s-oplan-baklas-in-2022-elections |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Candidates ==
These are the candidates for national-level positions, except for party list candidates:

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

===For president===
{|class=wikitable width=300px style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!width=30px|# !!width=250px|Name !!colspan=2|Party
|-
!1
|[[Ernesto Abella]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!2
|[[Leody de Guzman]]
|{{party name with colour|Partido Lakas ng Masa}}
|-
!3
|[[Isko Moreno]]
|{{party name with colour|Aksyon Demokratiko}}
|-
!4
|[[Norberto Gonzales]]
|{{party name with colour|Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas}}
|-
!5
|[[Panfilo Lacson]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}{{efn|Originally ran under [[Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma]]; resigned from the party mid-way through the campaign. Still labeled as a Reporma candidate on official ballots.|name=plind|group=candidatesnotes}}
|-
!6
|[[Bongbong Marcos]]
|{{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
!7
|[[Faisal Mangondato]]
|{{party name with colour|Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi}}
|-
!8
|[[Jose Montemayor Jr.]]
|{{party name with colour|Democratic Party of the Philippines}}
|-
!9
|[[Manny Pacquiao]]
|{{party name with colour|PROMDI|shortname=PROMDI}}
|-
!10
|[[Leni Robredo]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}{{efn|[[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] member running as an independent|group=candidatesnotes}}
|}

===For vice president===
{|class=wikitable width=300px style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!width=30px|#
!width=250px|Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!1
|[[Lito Atienza]]
|{{party name with colour|PROMDI|shortname=PROMDI}}
|-
!2
|[[Walden Bello]]
|{{party name with colour|Partido Lakas ng Masa}}
|-
!3
|Rizalito David
|{{party name with colour|Democratic Party of the Philippines}}
|-
!4
|[[Sara Duterte]]
|{{party name with colour|Lakas–CMD}}
|-
!5
|[[Manny SD Lopez]]
|{{party name with colour|Labor Party Philippines}}
|-
!6
|[[Willie Ong]]
|{{party name with colour|Aksyon Demokratiko}}
|-
!7
|[[Francis Pangilinan]]
|{{party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}
|-
!8
| [[Carlos Serapio]]
|{{party name with colour|Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi}}
|-
!9
|[[Tito Sotto]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|}
{{col-break}}

===For senator===
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
{|class=wikitable width=300px style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!width=30px|#
!width=250px|Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!1
|Abner Afuang
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!2
|Ibrahim Albani
|{{party name with colour|Labor Party Philippines}}
|-
!3
|Jess Arranza
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!4
|[[Teddy Baguilat]]
|{{party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}
|-
!5
|Agnes Bailen
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!6
|[[Carl Balita]]
|{{party name with colour|Aksyon Demokratiko}}
|-
!7
|Lutgardo Barbo
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!8
|[[Herbert Bautista]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
!9
|[[Greco Belgica]]
|{{party name with colour|Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan}}
|-
!10
|Silvestro Bello Jr.
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!11
|[[Jejomar Binay]]
|{{party name with colour|United Nationalist Alliance}}
|-
!12
|Roy Cabonegro
|{{party name with colour|Partido Lakas ng Masa}}
|-
!13
|[[John Castriciones]]
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!14
|[[Alan Peter Cayetano]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!15
|[[Melchor Chavez]]
|{{party name with colour|Labor Party Philippines}}
|-
!16
|[[Neri Colmenares]]
|{{party name with colour|Makabayan}}
|-
!17
|David D'Angelo
|{{party name with colour|Partido Lakas ng Masa}}
|-
!18
|[[Leila de Lima]]
|{{party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}
|-
!19
|[[Monsour del Rosario]]
|{{party name with colour|Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma}}
|-
!20
|Ding Diaz
| ||PPP
|-
!21
|[[Chel Diokno]]
|{{party name with colour|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}
|-
!22
|[[JV Ejercito]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
!23
|[[Guillermo Eleazar]]
|{{party name with colour|Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma}}
|-
!24
|Ernie Ereño
| ||Maharlika
|-
!25
|[[Francis Escudero]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
!26
|Luke Espiritu
|{{party name with colour|Partido Lakas ng Masa}}
|-
!27
|[[Jinggoy Estrada]]
|{{party name with colour|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}
|-
!28
|Baldomero Falcone
|{{party name with colour|Democratic Party of the Philippines}}
|-
!29
|[[Larry Gadon]]
|{{party name with colour|Kilusang Bagong Lipunan}}
|-
!30
|[[Sherwin Gatchalian]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
!31
|[[Richard Gordon (Filipino politician)|Richard Gordon]]
|{{party name with colour|Bagumbayan–VNP}}
|-
!32
|[[Samira Gutoc]]
|{{party name with colour|Aksyon Demokratiko}}
|}{{col-2}}

{|class=wikitable width=300px style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!width=30px|# !!width=250px|Name !!colspan=2|Party
|-
!33
|[[Gringo Honasan]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!34
|[[Risa Hontiveros]]
|{{party name with colour|Akbayan}}
|-
!35
|RJ Javellana
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!36
|Nur-Mahal Kiram
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!37
|[[Elmer Labog]]
|{{party name with colour|Makabayan}}
|-
!38
|[[Alex Lacson]]
|{{party name with colour|Ang Kapatiran}}
|-
!39
|[[Rey Langit]]
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!40
|[[Loren Legarda]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
!41
|Ariel Lim
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!42
|Emily Mallillin
| ||PPM
|-
!43
|[[Rodante Marcoleta]]{{efn|Withdrew; name remained on ballot|group=candidatesnotes}}
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!44
|[[Francis Leo Marcos]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!45
|Sonny Matula
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!46
|Marieta Mindalano-Adam
|{{party name with colour|Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi}}
|-
!47
|Leo Olarte
|{{party name with colour|Bigkis Pinoy}}
|-
!48
|Minguita Padilla
|{{party name with colour|Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma}}
|-
!49
|[[Robin Padilla]]
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!50
|[[Salvador Panelo]]
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!51
|Astra Pimentel
|{{party name with colour|PDP–Laban}}
|-
!52
|[[Manny Piñol]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
!53
|Willie Ricablanca Jr.
| || Maharlika
|-
!54
|[[Harry Roque]]
|{{party name with colour|People's Reform Party}}
|-
!55
|[[Nur-Ana Sahidulla]]
|{{party name with colour|Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan}}
|-
!56
|[[Jopet Sison]]
|{{party name with colour|Aksyon Demokratiko}}
|-
!57
|[[Gilberto Teodoro]]
|{{party name with colour|People's Reform Party}}
|-
!58
|[[Antonio Trillanes]]
|{{party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}
|-
!59
|[[Raffy Tulfo]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!60
|Rey Valeros
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!61
|[[Joel Villanueva]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!62
|[[Mark Villar]]
|{{party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}}
|-
!63
|Carmen Zubiaga
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
!64
|[[Migz Zubiri]]
|{{party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|}{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
{{notelist|group=candidatesnotes}}

== Results ==
COMELEC announced that there would be 18,180 posts up for election, including the 80 seats that would have been contested in the Bangsamoro Parliament.<ref name=":0" /> The commission then announced that there will be 18,100 posts up, with a total of 47,853 candidates running across all posts.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Cecille Suerte Felipe,Paolo |title=Comelec: 47,853 vying for 18,000 posts in 2022 polls |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/12/2133506/comelec-47853-vying-18000-posts-2022-polls |access-date=November 3, 2021 |website=Philstar.com |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105164533/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/12/2133506/comelec-47853-vying-18000-posts-2022-polls |url-status=live }}</ref>

Overseas absentee voting began on April 10 and ended on May 9, election day in the Philippines. There were about 1.6 million registered voters outside the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-09 |title=Overseas voting begins for 2022 Philippine elections |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/overseas-voting-begins-2022-philippine-polls/ |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411121024/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/overseas-voting-begins-2022-philippine-polls/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The commission declared the winners for all positions except for president and vice president, who were declared by Congress.

=== For president ===
{{Main|2022 Philippine presidential election}}
[[File:2022 Philippine presidential election by province.png|thumb|Map showing which presidential candidate won each province and select cities]]
The presidential election determined the successor of Rodrigo Duterte, who was term-limited and thus could not run for re-election. COMELEC released the official list of candidates on January 18, 2022, with 10 candidates listed on the final ballot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Why the 2022 Philippines election is so significant |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/8/why-the-2022-philippines-election-is-so-significant |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320114516/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/8/why-the-2022-philippines-election-is-so-significant |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Pazzibugan|first=Dona Z.|date=2022-01-18|title=Comelec finalizes list of bets, starts printing of ballots|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1541639/comelec-finalizes-list-of-bets-starts-printing-of-ballots|access-date=2022-01-21|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|archive-date=2022-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316082945/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1541639/comelec-finalizes-list-of-bets-starts-printing-of-ballots|url-status=live}}</ref>

Bongbong Marcos was elected with over 31 million votes.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Marcos, Duterte proclaimed winners in PH's fastest vote count |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175224 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.pna.gov.ph |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525134715/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175224 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Philippine election results |url=https://ph.rappler.com/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=PHVOTE |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320114516/https://ph.rappler.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{2022 Philippine presidential election results}}

=== For vice president ===
[[File:2022 Philippine vice presidential election by province.png|thumb|Map showing which vice presidential candidate won each province and select cities]]
The vice presidential election determined the successor of Leni Robredo, who was eligible for a second term but decided to run for president. COMELEC released the official list of candidates on January 18, 2022.<ref name=":3" /> There were nine candidates on the ballot.

Sara Duterte, daughter of outgoing president Rodrigo Duterte, was elected with over 32 million votes.<ref name=":11" />
{{2022 Philippine vice presidential election results}}

=== Congress ===
Members of the [[19th Congress of the Philippines]] were elected in this election.

==== Senate ====
{{Main|2022 Philippine Senate election}}
One half of the senators, or 12 of 24 seats in the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]], last contested in [[2016 Philippine Senate election|2016]], were up for election. Those elected in 2019 were joined by the winners of this election to serve in the 19th Congress. There were 178 people who filed to run for Senate,<ref name=":2" /> and the final ballot included 64 names.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-25|title=It's final: 10 names on the 2022 ballot for president, 9 for VP|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-releases-final-list-candidates-national-local-polls-2022/|access-date=2022-02-17|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414140000/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/comelec-releases-final-list-candidates-national-local-polls-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Among the senators-elect, four were reelected, five returned to the Senate, and three including top vote-winner Robin Padilla were new.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comelec proclaims 12 new senators |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174805 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.pna.gov.ph |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519012014/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174805 |url-status=live }}</ref> Migz Zubiri was elected Senate President.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ager |first=Maila |date=2022-07-25 |title=Zubiri is new Senate President |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1633688/its-official-zubiri-is-new-senate-president |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730173356/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1633688/its-official-zubiri-is-new-senate-president |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{2022 Philippine Senate election results}}

==== House of Representatives ====
{{Main|2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections}}
[[File:2022 Philippine house of representatives elections results.svg|thumb|Results of the House of Representatives elections]]
All 316 seats in the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House]] were up for election, an increase of 12 seats from the outgoing [[18th Congress of the Philippines|18th Congress]]. There are now 253 [[Congressional districts of the Philippines|congressional districts]], each electing one representative, and 63 seats elected via the [[Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines|party-list system]] on a nationwide vote.<ref name=":0" /> There were 733 people who filed to run in congressional districts.<ref name=":2" /> A total of 177 parties contested the party-list election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comelec releases ballot face templates for 2022 polls |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/1/25/comelec-releases-ballot-face-templates-for-2022-polls |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en}}</ref>

After the election, allies of President-elect Bongbong Marcos obtained a supermajority in the House.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morales |first=Neil Jerome |date=2022-05-18 |title=Philippines' Marcos set for supermajority as 'Uniteam' dominates Congress |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-marcos-set-supermajority-uniteam-dominates-congress-2022-05-18/ |access-date=2022-08-11 |archive-date=2022-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811180924/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-marcos-set-supermajority-uniteam-dominates-congress-2022-05-18/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Martin Romauldez, a cousin of Marcos, was subsequently elected Speaker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leyte's Martin Romualdez elected as new House Speaker |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179686 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.pna.gov.ph |language=en |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626224108/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179686 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===== By congressional district =====
{{2022 Philippine House election results}}

===== By party list =====
{{2022 Philippine House party-list election results}}

=== Local ===
{{Main|2022 Philippine local elections}}
{{See also|2022 Philippine gubernatorial elections}}
Local elections above the barangay level were held along with the national elections:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pazzibugan |first=Dona Z. |date=August 16, 2021 |title=18,180 posts up for grabs in May 2022 elections |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1474038/18180-posts-up-for-grabs-in-may-2022-elections |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=June 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231804/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1474038/18180-posts-up-for-grabs-in-may-2022-elections |url-status=live }}</ref>

* All 81 governors and vice governors, and 782 seats to provincial boards in all provinces
* All 146 city mayors and vice mayors, and 1,650 seats to city councils in all cities
* All 1,488 municipal mayors and vice mayors, and 11,908 seats to municipal councils in all municipalities

== In popular culture ==

* A "two joints" hand gesture in support of Isko Moreno went viral during the campaign<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 3, 2022|title='Two joints': What this hand sign mean for this presidential bet|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2022/03/03/212049/two-joints-what-this-hand-sign-mean-for-this-presidential-bet/|access-date=April 20, 2022|website=Interaksyon|language=en|archive-date=June 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626224111/https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2022/03/03/212049/two-joints-what-this-hand-sign-mean-for-this-presidential-bet/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* A chant in support of Leni Robredo called "Ang Presidente, Bise Presidente" was turned into a song by [[Gabriel Valenciano]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-29 |title=Gab Valenciano's 'Ang Presidente Bise Presidente' chant now available on Spotify |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/04/29/22/gab-valencianos-chant-for-leni-kiko-now-on-spotify}}</ref>
* "[[Bagong Pagsilang]]", a march commissioned in 1973 during the [[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)|presidency of Ferdinand Marcos]], was re-released in 2022 with a new version for Bongbong Marcos's campaign<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-04 |title=The Pink Wave: Robredo's volunteer movement defies traditional campaigns |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/leni-robredo-volunteer-movement-defies-traditional-campaigns/ |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506151805/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/leni-robredo-volunteer-movement-defies-traditional-campaigns/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Yorme: The Isko Domagoso Story]]'', a biographical film about Isko Moreno, was released in January 2022<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabinete |first1=Jojo |date=November 30, 2021 |title=Xian Lim, nagsimula nang mag-taping para sa teleserye nila ni Glaiza de Castro; di nakadalo sa Yorme premiere |publisher=PEP |url=https://www.pep.ph/pepalerts/cabinet-files/162355/xian-lim-glaiza-de-castro-teleserye-a734-20211130}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://votesafe.ph/ Vote SAFE Pilipinas], official website of the Commission on Elections for the 2022 Philippine general election
* https://2022electionresults.comelec.gov.ph/, official website of the Commission on Elections for the results of the 2022 Philippine general election

{{Philippine elections}}
{{2022 Philippine elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philippine general election, 2022}}
[[Category:2022 Philippine general election| ]]
[[Category:2022 elections in the Philippines|General]]
[[Category:General elections in the Philippines|2022]]
[[Category:May 2022 events in the Philippines|General election]]