View source for 1905 Atlantic hurricane season

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{{Infobox tropical cyclone season 
| Basin= Atl
| Year=1905
| Track=1905 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png
| First storm formed=September 6, 1905
| Last storm dissipated=October 10, 1905
| Strongest storm name=Four
| Strongest storm pressure=
| Strongest storm winds=105
| Total depressions=
| Total storms=5
| Total hurricanes=1
| Total intense=1
| Damages=
| Average wind speed=1
| Fatalities=8
| five seasons=[[1903 Atlantic hurricane season|1903]], [[1904 Atlantic hurricane season|1904]], '''1905''', [[1906 Atlantic hurricane season|1906]], [[1907 Atlantic hurricane season|1907]]
|East Pacific season=1900–09 Pacific hurricane seasons
|West Pacific season=1902-19 Pacific typhoon seasons
| North Indian season=1900s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
}}

The '''1905 Atlantic hurricane season''' featured five known [[tropical cyclone]]s, two of which made landfall in the United States. The first system was initially observed near the [[Windward Islands]] on September&nbsp;6. The last system to dissipate, the fourth storm, transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] on October&nbsp;11, while located well southeast of [[Newfoundland]]. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. Between October&nbsp;5 and October&nbsp;10, the fourth and fifth system existed simultaneously.

Of the [[Atlantic hurricane season|season's]] five tropical cyclones, only one reached hurricane status, the fewest since [[1890 Atlantic hurricane season|1890]]. Furthermore, that storm strengthened into a [[Saffir–Simpson scale#Categories|major hurricane]], which is Category&nbsp;3 or higher on the modern-day [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]].<ref name="ACE"/> This storm, which was the fourth and strongest hurricane of the season, peaked at Category&nbsp;3 strength with {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} winds. It was also attributed to at least six fatalities after sending a [[rogue wave]] across the steerage of the steamer ''Campania''. The first storm also resulted in two deaths after a schooner wrecked in [[Barbados]].

The season's activity was reflected with an [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) rating of 28, the lowest value since [[1864 Atlantic hurricane season|1864]]. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39&nbsp;mph (63&nbsp;km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.<ref name="ACE">{{cite report|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|title=Atlantic Basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|date=September 2021|work=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=October 1, 2021|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
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== Timeline ==
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== Systems ==
=== Tropical Storm One ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=Atl
|Cat=Hurricane
|Image=1905 Atlantic tropical storm 1 track.png
|Formed=September 6
|Dissipated=September 8
|1-min winds=50
|Pressure=
}}
The first storm of the season, already at tropical storm intensity, was identified on September&nbsp;6 to the east of [[Grenada]].{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} A small storm, it quickly passed through the southern [[Lesser Antilles]] early on September&nbsp;7.<ref name="MWR">{{cite report|author=Cleveland Abbe|author2=Frank Owen Stettson|name-list-style=amp|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|work=[[National Weather Service|United States Weather Bureau]]|year=1906|access-date=April 28, 2014|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1905.pdf|title=Monthly Weather Review for 1905|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> The next day, the storm weakened to a tropical depression before dissipating as a shallow but large system.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}<ref name="MWR"/> A schooner sailing from [[Bridgetown, Barbados|Bridgetown]] to [[Suriname]] encountered heavy seas just a day out of port and turned back. It was thrown onto the pierhead and wrecked. The captain and a crewman were swept overboard and drowned.<ref name="MWR"/>
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=== Tropical Storm Two ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=Atl
|Cat=Hurricane
|Image=1905 Atlantic tropical storm 2 track.png
|Formed=September 11
|Dissipated=September 16
|1-min winds=50
|Pressure=<1004
}}
[[HURDAT]] indicates that a tropical storm originated to the northeast of the [[Windward Islands]] on September&nbsp;11. Steadily tracking towards the west-northwest, the storm gradually intensified, reaching its peak intensity with winds estimated at {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on September&nbsp;13. After turning northwestward, the system slowed and began to weaken. By September&nbsp;16, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated shortly thereafter.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}
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=== Tropical Storm Three ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=Atl
|Cat=Hurricane
|Image=1905 Atlantic tropical storm 3 track.png
|Formed=September 24
|Dissipated=September 30
|1-min winds=45
|Pressure=<1000
}}
Based on weather reports from the [[National Weather Service New Orleans/Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Weather Bureau Office in New Orleans, Louisiana]],<ref name="partagas">{{cite report|url= http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/1905-1908/1905.pdf|title=Year 1905|author=Jose Fernandez Partagas|author2=Henry F. Diaz|name-list-style=amp|date=1997|work=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=April 28, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> a tropical storm was first observed about 20&nbsp;miles (30&nbsp;km) north-northwest of [[Swan Islands, Honduras|Swan Island]] on September&nbsp;24. The storm strengthened slightly before making landfall near [[Punta Allen]], [[Quintana Roo]], around 1200&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;25. Early on the following day, the system emerged into the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and headed north-northwestward. At midday on September&nbsp;26, it peaked with sustained winds of 50&nbsp;mph (85&nbsp;km/h). The storm re-curved north-northeastward late on September&nbsp;28, while approaching the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]]. At 1000&nbsp;UTC the next day, this system made landfall in extreme southwest [[Vermilion Parish, Louisiana]] at the same intensity. The storm slowly weakened inland and dissipated over [[Arkansas]] on September&nbsp;30.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} 

Strong winds and rough seas were reported along the central Gulf Coast of the United States, forcing ships to remain in port.<ref name="partagas"/> However, rough seas beached many other vessels and washed away some bathhouses and waterfront buildings south of [[New Orleans]]. In [[Gulfport, Mississippi]], storm tides inundated the railroad wharves.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/120745335/the-buffalo-enquirer/|title=Gulf Coast Is In Great Peril|date=September 30, 1905|newspaper=The Buffalo Enquirer|page=6|accessdate=March 12, 2023|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Four ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=Atl
|Cat=Hurricane
|Image=1905 Atlantic hurricane 4 track.png
|Formed=October 1
|Dissipated=October 11
|1-min winds=105
|Pressure=
}}
On October&nbsp;1, a tropical depression developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Moving slowly north-northeastward, it reached tropical storm status early on October&nbsp;3. The following day, the storm curved northeastward.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} [[Kingston, Jamaica]], recorded rainfall as the system bypassed the island.<ref name="partagas"/> Late on October&nbsp;5 and early on October&nbsp;6, the storm passed through the [[Windward Passage]].{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Eastern Cuba was affected "with some force", but damage was not significant.<ref name="partagas"/> Entering the Atlantic Ocean,{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} the system passed through the southeastern [[Bahamas]] and [[Turks and Caicos Islands]] without causing damage.<ref name="partagas"/> While centered about halfway between Bermuda and Turks and Caicos Islands, the storm strengthened into a Category&nbsp;1 hurricane on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]].{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}

Later on October&nbsp;8, it deepened to a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane, while passing south of Bermuda.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} The island experienced gale-force winds with gusts reaching hurricane force, but damage was apparently minimal.<ref name="partagas"/> Early on October&nbsp;9, the storm intensified into a Category&nbsp;3 hurricane and peaked with winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. On October&nbsp;10, it weakened to a Category&nbsp;2 and then became extratropical early the next day.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} The steamer ''Campania'' encountered the remnants of the storm and was reported to have been struck by a large [[rogue wave]], which was described as "disastrous."<ref name="partagas"/> The ship roll and water moved across the steerage, sweeping five passengers into the ocean, they presumably drowned. At least 30&nbsp;other people were injured, one of them fatally.<ref name="SFC">{{cite news|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19051015.2.141|title=Campania's Death List Incomplete|date=October 15, 1905|publisher=[[California Digital Newspaper Collection]]|newspaper=[[San Francisco Call]]|access-date=May 3, 2014|location=New York}}</ref> The extratropical remnants dissipated over the [[Labrador Sea]] on October&nbsp;13.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}
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=== Tropical Storm Five ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=Atl
|Cat=Hurricane
|Image=1905 Atlantic tropical storm 5 track.png
|Formed=October 5
|Dissipated=October 10
|1-min winds=45
|Pressure=<1003
}}
A tropical storm was first observed in the Gulf of Mexico on October&nbsp;5, while located about 105&nbsp;miles (170&nbsp;km) north of the [[Yucatán Peninsula]]. The storm strengthened slowly while crossing the Gulf of Mexico and peaked with sustained winds of 50&nbsp;mph (85&nbsp;km/h) early on October&nbsp;8. At 1700&nbsp;UTC on the following day, it made landfall near [[Morgan City, Louisiana]], at the same intensity. The system quickly weakened inland and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over [[Mississippi]] on October&nbsp;10. The extratropical remnants dissipated over [[Virginia]] on October&nbsp;11.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} The remnants of this storm brought heavy rains to the [[Eastern United States]] and [[Atlantic Canada]].<ref name="MWR"/>
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==Season effects==

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 1905 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s)–denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1905 USD.
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}}
{{TC stats table start3|year=1905|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone|align=center}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=One|dates=September&nbsp;6–8|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=Unknown|areas=[[Windward Islands]]|damage=Unknown|deaths=2}}<ref name="MWR"/>
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Two|dates=September&nbsp;11–16|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=Unknown|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Three|dates=September&nbsp;24–30|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1000|areas=[[Mexico]], [[Gulf Coast of the United States]] ([[Louisiana]])|damage=Minor|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=Four|dates=October&nbsp;1–11|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=Unknown|areas=[[Greater Antilles]], [[Bahamas]], [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[Bermuda]]|damage=Unknown|deaths=6}}<ref name="SFC"/>
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Five|dates=October&nbsp;5–10|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1003|areas=Louisiana, [[Eastern United States]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=5|dates=September&nbsp;6 – October&nbsp;10 |max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=Unknown|tot-areas=|tot-damage=Unknown|tot-deaths=8}}
== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[1900–1940 South Pacific cyclone seasons]]
* [[1900–1950 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons]]
* [[1900s Australian region cyclone seasons]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1905.pdf Monthly Weather Review]

{{TC Decades|Year=1900|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|1905}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1905 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}
[[Category:1900s Atlantic hurricane seasons| ]]
[[Category:1905 meteorology]]
[[Category:1905 natural disasters]]