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{{Short description|1989 G7 summit in La Defense, France}}
{{Infobox summit
| summit_name = 15th G7 summit
| image       =La Grande Arche de la Défense.jpg 
| caption     = The Grande Arche in La Défense at the outskirts of Paris
| country     = France
| dates       = 14–16 July 1989
| venues       = [[Grande Arche]]
| cities       = [[Paris]]
| precedes     = [[16th G7 summit]]
| follows      = [[14th G7 summit]]
}}

The '''15th G7 Summit''' was held in the business district of [[La Défense]] to the west of [[Paris]], [[France]] between 14 and 16 July 1989.  The venue for the summit meetings was the [[Grande Arche]]<ref name="j-mofa1">Japan, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] ([[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|MOFA]]): [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html  Summit Meetings in the Past.]</ref> which was rushed to completion for celebrations marking the bicentennial of the [[French Revolution]] and for the world economic summit meeting that was held in the top of the Arche.<ref name="nyt1991">"James, Barry. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/01/news/01iht-arc_.html?scp=1&sq=grande%20arche%201989&st=cse   For the Grande Arche, Not-So-Grand Notices,"] ''New York Times.'' July 1, 1991.</ref> This event was also called the "Summit of the Arch."<ref>Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). {{Google books|Bi5JO7FFk7UC|''The G8 System and the G20: Evolution, Role and Documentation,'' p. 32.|page=32}}</ref>

The [[G8#History|Group of Seven]] (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: [[France]], [[West Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]] (since 1976),<ref name="saunders1">Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists  "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011063004/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists |date=2008-10-11 }} ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008.</ref> and the [[President of the European Commission]] (starting officially in 1981).<ref name="reuters_what">Reuters: [http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true  "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"], July 3, 2008.</ref> The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] and West Germany's chancellor [[Helmut Schmidt]] as they conceived the first [[G8#History|Group of Six]] (G6) summit in 1975.<ref name="reinalda205">Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&dq=G7+summit&pg=PA205 ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205.]</ref>

==Leaders at the summit==
The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.<ref name="reuters_what"/>

The 15th G7 summit was the first summit for [[President of the United States|US President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] and was the last summit for [[Prime Minister of Italy|Italian Prime Minister]] [[Ciriaco De Mita]]. It was also the first and only summit for [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] [[Sōsuke Uno]].

===Participants===
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:<ref>Rieffel, Lex. [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx   "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074840/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx |date=June 3, 2010 }} Brookings. March 27, 2009; [http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site).] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602190742/http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ |date=June 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="j-mofa1"/><ref>MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit (15)]; [[European Union]]: [http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php "EU and the G8"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226165606/http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php |date=2007-02-26 }}</ref>
<!-- NOTE: format order = C•F•G•I•J•UK•USA + EU

The format order of this section mirrors the order of the Muskoka 2010 G8 official website -- see http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/

This format order is also congruent with "Summit Meetings of the Past" at website of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs --  see http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html

*{{flagicon|Canada}}
*{{flagicon|France|1974}}
*{{flagicon|Germany}}
*{{flagicon|Italy}}
*{{flagicon|Japan|1947}}
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}
*{{flagicon|USA}}
+
*{{flag|European Union}}

-->

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro" |'''[[G7|Core G7 members]]'''<br><small>Host state and leader are shown in bold text.</small>
|-  style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center;"
! colspan=2 | Member

! Represented by
! Title
|-
! {{flagicon|CAN}}
| [[Canada]]
| [[Brian Mulroney]]
| [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]]
|-
! {{flagicon|FRA|1974}}
| '''[[France]]'''
| '''[[François Mitterrand]]'''
| '''[[President of France|President]]'''
|-
! {{flagicon|West Germany}}
| [[West Germany]]
| [[Helmut Kohl]]
| [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]
|-
! {{flagicon|Italy}}
| [[Italy]]
| [[Ciriaco De Mita]]
| [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]
|-
! {{flagicon|Japan|1947}}
| [[Japan]]
| [[Sōsuke Uno]]
| [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]]
|-
! {{flagicon|UK}}
| [[United Kingdom]]
| [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]]
|-
! {{flagicon|US}}
| [[United States]]
| [[George H. W. Bush]]
| [[President of the United States|President]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|European Union}}
| rowspan="2" | [[European Economic Community|European Community]]
| [[Jacques Delors]]
| [[President of the European Commission|Commission President]]
|-
| '''François Mitterrand'''
| [[President of the European Council|Council President]]
|}

The heads of state and government of over a dozen developing countries were also represented at this summit gathering in Paris.<ref>Markham, James M. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/18/world/all-french-divided-over-how-to-do-the-fete.html?scp=25&sq=  "All French Divided Over How to Do the Fete,"] ''New York Times.'' June 18, 1989;  [http://www.economist.com/research/economics/alphabetic.cfm?letter=   "G7, G8, G10, G21, G22, G26," ''The Economist.''] retrieved July 5, 2010.</ref>

==Issues==
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.<ref name="reinalda205"/> Issues which were discussed at this summit included:
* International Economic Situation
* International Monetary Developments and Coordination
* Improving Economic Efficiency
* Trade Issues
* General Problems of Development
* The Situation in the Poorest Countries
* Strengthened Debt Strategy for the Heavily Indebted Countries
* Environment
* Drug Issues
* International Cooperation against AIDS

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="145px">
File:Mulroney.jpg|{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Canada]]'''<br />[[Brian Mulroney]], [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]]
File:President François Mitterrand in 1983.jpg|{{flagicon|France|1974}} '''[[France]]'''<br />[[François Mitterrand]], [[President of France|President]]
File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg|{{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Germany]]'''<br />[[Helmut Kohl]], [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|Chancellor]]
File:Ciriaco De Mita DC (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|Italy}} '''[[Italy]]'''<br />[[Ciriaco De Mita]], [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]
File:Sosuke Uno 19890603.jpg|{{flagicon|Japan|1947}} '''[[Japan]]'''<br />[[Sōsuke Uno]], [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]]
File:Margaret Thatcher stock portrait (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[United Kingdom]]'''<br />[[Margaret Thatcher]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]]
File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|United States}} '''[[United States]]'''<br />[[George H. W. Bush]], [[President of the United States|President]]
File:Jacques Delors (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|EU}} '''[[European Union]]'''<br />[[Jacques Delors]], [[President of the European Commission|Commission President]]
</gallery>

==Accomplishments==
While the agenda-setting or parameter-setting functions of the summit are important, the associated action or inaction which comes afterwards is important as well. These remain conceptually distinct aspects of the G7 summits.<ref>Kokotsis, Eleonore. (1999). {{Google books|L4Ge3R3Wf0wC|''Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988-1995,'' p. 32 n. 13.|page=32}}</ref>

A symbol of the mixed legacy of this summit is the Grande Arche itself. The total expenditure on the building reached 3.74 billion francs, all but 5.7 percent of which was covered by private investors, with the state remaining owner of the roof area;<ref name="nyt1991"/> and yet, in 2001, parts of the facade were falling off.<ref>Knorr, Katherine. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/03/news/03iht-mitt_ed3_.html?scp=31&sq=grande%20arche&st=cse  "Reassessing Mitterrand's Legacy : Of Monuments&mdash;and Monumental Errors,"] ''New York Times.'' May 3, 2001.</ref> A [[Frommer's]] review in 2010 characterizes it as a "politician's folly."<ref>[http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/europe/france/paris/25315/la-grande-arche-de-la-defense/attraction-detail.html?scp=1&sq=grande%20arche&st=cse  "La Grande Arche de La Défense,"] ''New York Times.'' accessed 5 July 2010.</ref>

In 1989, the summit leaders called for "adoption of sustainable forest management practices, with a view to preserving the scale of the world's forests," but there is little evidence of follow-up action.<ref>[[Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan|Sadruddin, Aga Khan]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/19/opinion/19iht-edkhan.t.html?scp=9&sq=G-7%20%20summit%201989&st=cse   "It's Time to Save the Forests,"] ''New York Times.'' July 19, 2000.</ref>

==See also==
* [[G8]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BqkEAQAAIAAJ&q=G7+summit  ''Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal.''] Aldershot, Hampshire: [[Ashgate Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7546-1185-1}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/43186692 OCLC 43186692]
* Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bi5JO7FFk7UC&q=G7+summit+1989  ''The G8 system and the G20 : Evolution, Role and Documentation.''] Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.  {{ISBN|978-0-7546-4550-4}}; {{OCLC|277231920}}
* Kokotsis, Eleonore. (1999). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40460131  ''Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988-1995.''] New York: Garland Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-8153-3332-6}}; {{OCLC|40460131}}
* Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC  ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations.''] London: [[Routledge]].  {{ISBN|978-0-415-16486-3}}; {{ISBN|978-0-203-45085-7}}; {{OCLC|39013643}}

==External links==
* No official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 -- ''see'' the [[21st G7 summit#Accomplishments|21st G7 summit]].
* [[University of Toronto]]: [[G8 Research Group]], [http://www.g8.utoronto.ca G8 Information Centre]
** [http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/1989paris/index.html G7 1989, delegations & documents]

{{G8 summits}}

[[Category:1989 conferences|G7 summit]]
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[[Category:1989 in international relations]]
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[[Category:20th-century diplomatic conferences|G7 summit 1989]]
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