U+4F4D, 位
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F4D

[U+4F4C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4F4E]
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Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿 (OYT), four-corner 20218, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 503
  • Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 138, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F4D

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
           



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɢʷrɯbs) : semantic (man) + phonetic (OC *rɯb, stand). Often simply written as in idiomatic expressions such as 即位 (jíwèi) in Western Zhou inscriptions.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(j)ap (to stand). Derived from (OC *rɯb). Mei (2012) lists it among the possible nasal-prefixed verb forms (Old Chinese *N-k- > Middle Chinese *ɦ-, possibly forming a stative). Suffixed with a nominalizing *-s, it takes the sense "the place/rank/status one holds".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • uei5 - vernacular;
  • uei4 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
    Harbin /uei⁵³/
    Tianjin /vei⁵³/
    Jinan /vei²¹/
    Qingdao /ve⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
    Xi'an /uei⁴⁴/
    Xining /uɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /vei¹³/
    Lanzhou /vei¹³/
    Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
    Wuhan /uei³⁵/
    Chengdu /uei¹³/
    Guiyang /uei²¹³/
    Kunming /uei²¹²/
    Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ue⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /uei³⁵/
    Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
    Suzhou /ɦue̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦui¹³/
    Wenzhou /vu²²/
    Hui Shexian /ue²²/
    Tunxi /ue¹¹/
    /y¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
    /uei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /uəi²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /vi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /vui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²²/
    Nanning /wɐi²²/
    Hong Kong /wɐi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ui²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uɔi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ui³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ui³³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (35)
    Final () (18)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hwijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦˠiuɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦʷᵚiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣiuɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦjwiH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣjuiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣwiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /wiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    wèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    wai6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    wèi
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hwijH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɢ]ʷrəp-s/ (< *ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ?)
    English standing, position

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7865
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɢʷrɯbs/

    Definitions

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    1. position; location; spot
    2. title; official position
    3. seat; seating
    4. throne; royal seat
    5. rank; grade; status
    6. standard; rule
    7. (honorific) people
    8. (mathematics) digit; place
        ―  sān wèi shù  ―  three-digit number
        ―  jìnwèi  ―  to carry (by one or more places)
    9. (often polite) Classifier for persons.
      歌手歌手  ―  zhè wèi gēshǒu  ―  this singer
      先生  ―  wèi xiānshēng  ―  that man
    10. to be situated at; to be located at
    11. to arrange; to set out
    12. (Cantonese) space
      [Cantonese, trad.]
      [Cantonese, simp.]
      gaan1 fong4-2 m4 gau3 wai6-2 fong3 do1 zoeng1 toi4-2. [Jyutping]
      There is not enough space for another table in the room.
      [Cantonese]  ―  tau1 wai6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    13. (information theory) bit (the smallest unit of storage in a digital computer)
    14. a surname: Wei

    Synonyms

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    • (location):
    • (title): (literary) 地步 (dìbù), 地位 (dìwèi)
    • (seat):
    • (throne):

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: (i, Jōyō) (wi, historical)
    • Kan-on: (i, Jōyō) (wi, historical)
    • Kun: くらい (kurai, , Jōyō)くらゐ (kurawi, , historical)

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 4
    on'yomi

    Middle Chinese (ɦˠiuɪH)

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    () (i (wi)?

    1. rank, place
    Derived terms
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    Counter

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    () (-i (-wi)?

    1. rank, place
      (だい)(いち)()ある
      Dai-ichi-i de aru.
      To be ranked first.
      ()()なる
      Ni-i ni naru.
      To take second place.
      (じゅう)()()ちる
      Jū-i ni ochiru.
      To drop to tenth place.
    2. decimal place
    3. ghosts

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    くらい
    Grade: 4
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    くらい
    [adverb] about, approximately
    [adverb] at least, if anything
    [noun] grade, rank, standing
    [noun] the throne, the crown
    [noun] (mathematics) place, position
    [noun] being at the point where ...
    [suffix] seat, position, rank, grade
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling (obsolete for adverb) of the above term.)

    References

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    1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC hwijH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 윙〮 (Yale: wúy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 벼슬 (Yale: pyèsùl) (Yale: wùy)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 자리 (jari wi))

    1. hanja form? of (status, position) [noun]
    2. hanja form? of (rank, place) [counter]

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: vị[1], [2]

    1. chữ Hán form of vị (location; place).
    2. chữ Hán form of vị (position; rank).
    3. (honorific, formal classifier) chữ Hán form of vị (person; a/an (important person)).
    4. (archaic) chữ Hán form of (throne, royal rule).

    Compounds

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    References

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    Zhuang

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    Noun

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    1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (head; headhair)