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Star Canopus diving accident

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The Star Canopus diving accident was an incident in Scotland in November 1978 that claimed the lives of two British commercial divers. During a routine dive beside the Beryl Alpha platform in the North Sea, the diving bell of the diving support vessel MS Star Canopus was lost when its main lift wire, life support umbilical, and guide wires were severed by an anchor chain of the semi-submersible Haakon Magnus. The bell dropped to the seabed at a depth of over 100 metres (330 ft). Its two occupants, 25-year-old Lothar Michael Ward and 28-year-old Gerard Anthony "Tony" Prangley, were unable to release the bell's drop weight in order to return to the surface because it was secured to the bell frame with secondary locking pins. Since there was not a bell stage to keep the bottom door of the bell off the seabed, the divers could not exit the bell to release the pins. Despite the efforts of three rescue vessels – Intersub 4, Tender Carrier, and Uncle John – the bell was not recovered for over thirteen hours, by which time Ward and Prangley had died of hypothermia and drowning.[1][2][3][4]

Star Canopus diving accident
Date26 November 1978 (1978-11-26)
LocationBeside Beryl Alpha platform, Beryl oil field, East Shetland Basin, North Sea, Scotland
Coordinates59°33′N 1°32′E / 59.550°N 1.533°E / 59.550; 1.533
CauseDiving bell lift wire and umbilical severed
ParticipantsLothar Michael Ward, Gerard Anthony "Tony" Prangley
OutcomeRecovery of bodies of Ward and Prangley

Background

On 26 November 1978 the Diving Support Vessel Star Canopus was dynamically positioned on the northeast side of the Beryl Alpha platform conducting diving operations. Three hundred thirty-four feet below, Michael Ward was working for Northern Divers about 60 feet off the seabed trying to connect a six-inch flow line to a riser flange protruding from the side of the concrete platform.

Oil production had declined that year,[5] and with winter conditions upon them, subsea work had fallen behind schedule.[6] There was “a lot of catching up to do,” Martin Dane, the Contracts Manager for Northern Divers would say later,[7] and Mobil Oil, like many operators, decided to allow the diving program to continue through the winter months to take advantage of available weather windows.

Earlier that evening, London Weather Center had predicted 40-knot gusts between 1800 and midnight.[8] That forecast proved to be correct. At 2030, and again at 2245, squalls reaching those speeds moved in and blew the Canopus off location.[9] Shortly thereafter, Captain Roy Forsyth terminated diving operations.[10] But when the 12-hour shift change occurred at midnight, weather conditions had calmed. Coming on duty, Supervisor Robert Kelly was told by diving superintendent Ed Hammond that “the weather was reasonable to dive” and to continue with the dive program.[11]

Kelly went to the bridge to review the weather forecast, which predicted there would be a change in wind direction from west to north, and that conditions “would worsen later in the day” with wind speeds gusting to 35 knots.[12] The Canopus was only a year old, and although it represented the latest and best technology of that era, the limits of her dynamic positioning system were 18–20 knots with the wind hitting her broadside.[13]

The accident

 
Position of the Canopus prior to the accident, with Ward locked out of the bell

On the bridge, Kelly noticed the wind-speed indicator fluctuating between 15 and 20 knots. He walked outside to look at the weather firsthand. With the wind blowing from the west against his face, Kelly gazed across the dark sea. Standing alongside the Beryl platform, near where the Canopus would be commencing work, was the imposing silhouette of the Haakon Magnus, a Norwegian semi-submersible, with her massive anchor chains extended.

To Kelly, the weather looked suitable for diving. At 0240, he launched the bell with Tony Prangley and Michael Ward inside.[14] At 0312, Ward locked out and found the pipe flange protruding from the wall of the platform base. Eight minutes later Captain Forsyth called Kelly on the ship's intercom to alert him that a squall was approaching on the ship's radar.[15] Kelly ordered Ward back to the bell where he sat for the next 40 minutes. At 0400 Ward was back on the job. Then, at 0545, the wind suddenly shifted directions and began blowing from the north at a speed of 40 knots, hitting the Canopus on her beam, and overpowering her DP system. It was a sustained blow the Contracts Manager would later testify:

“When this wind arrived, it arrived really without any warning and it was not like a sudden gust of wind or a passing squall which then died down, it started blowing suddenly at 40 knots and remained at that level for a considerable period of time thereafter. It was a very strange occurrence, to say the least.”[16]

In dive control, Supervisor Kelly was at the control panel when an amber warning light came on followed by the klaxon of the ‘Dive Alert’ alarm. Then, Captain Forsyth's voice came over the intercom: “Get the diver back in the bell please.”[17] Kelly relayed the message to Ward who stopped what he was doing and swam back to the bell. In the trunking he took off his helmet as Prangley stacked his umbilical.

 
The Canopus being blown into the path of the Haakon Magnus anchor chain

On the surface, the force of the wind had blown the Canopus sideways against the platform overhang, snapping off the ship's mast which came crashing down onto the deck with a loud bang. At the same time, the wind was driving the ship backwards towards the Haakon Magnus. Captain Forsyth quickly took the ship off DP and tried to swing the bow outboard to keep the vessel from grounding on the submerged pontoons of the Magnus. Then he pressed the ‘Dive Abort’ alarm and called dive control.

In dive control, Kelly was waiting for Prangley and Ward to seal the bell when the red ‘Dive Abort’ indicator suddenly lit up. Captain Forsyth came on the intercom again, this time with noticeable urgency in his voice. “Get the bell up as soon as possible,” he said to Kelly.[18] But when Kelly called down to the bell, he discovered that Prangley was having difficulty pulling in Ward's umbilical; it was snagged on something outside the bell. He didn't know on what, but now there was no way to shut the inside hatch until the umbilical was cleared. Ward wanted to lock out to fix the problem, but Kelly flatly forbade him to do so. Instead, he told Ward to throw the dive hat out of the bell, then pull in the umbilical; perhaps that would free it. But when this was tried, the umbilical remained snagged.[19]

Meanwhile, Kelly received another urgent message from Captain Forsyth asking if he had started recovering the bell yet.[20] Kelly explained the delay and said he would notify the bridge when he started the recovery. Then he got on the comms and told the divers to stop what they were doing, and to cut the hose, and be quick about it.[21] Several minutes later, as the bell smashed against the base of the platform, Prangley and Ward got a seal and notified topside.

In dive control, Kelly was watching his two divers on the video monitor while the bell was being raised. Prangley was calling out the depth every 10 meters. When the bell was thirty meters from the surface, Prangley suddenly stood up, waved his fist shoulder high, and shouted, “All stop.”[22] On the monitor, he appeared to be listening to something.

Supervisor Kelly did as he was told, and from dive control, he had a clear view of the moonpool and could see that something was wrong. The bell umbilical and clump weight guide wires were not hanging straight down through the moonpool; they were leaning towards the bow of the ship. What's more, the trolley that the wires were hanging from was violently shaking and vibrating.[23] Suddenly the video monitor blacked out. The Star Canopus, with her human payload dangling thirty meters below, had been blown across the path of a Haakon Magnus anchor chain, completely severing all connections to the bell, including the life-support umbilical, the main lift wire, and the clump weight/guide wire recovery system. In that instant, the bell, with Prangley and Ward inside, began plummeting to the seabed below.

Miraculously both divers survived the 294-foot fall, but now they faced a harrowing predicament. With their hot-water supply completely severed, the internal temperature began to drop rapidly. If rescuers didn't arrive soon, their only recourse would be to release the drop weight to surface the bell. But Prangley and Ward couldn't release the weight because it was externally secured to the bell frame with a set of “secondary locking pins.”[24] And because the bell was not equipped with a stage to keep the bottom hatch out of the mud, Prangley and Ward had no way to get out to release them. Nor was the bell equipped with a strobe flasher to help rescue divers find it in the dark. What's more, the crew of the Canopus had removed the bell transponder some time before the dive.[25] Helplessly trapped, with nothing to keep them warm, and no way to release the drop weight, all they could do was huddle together and pray that rescuers would find them in time.

The rescue

But time was not on their side. With a storm raging on the surface, it took rescuers more than thirteen hours to recover the stricken bell to the deck of the Canopus. By that time, Ward had died of hypothermia and Prangley had drowned.[a]

Notes

  1. ^ Although Prangley was suffering from hypothermia, too, his death was ruled as a drowning. When the bell was initially raised off the seabed, he fell out of the trunking and floated to the surface. Source: Prangley/Ward FAI Transcript p. 152.

References

  1. ^ Limbrick, Jim (2001). North Sea Divers – a Requiem. Hertford: Authors OnLine. pp. 157–158. ISBN 0 7552 0036 5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  2. ^ Smart, Michael (2011). Into the Lion's Mouth: The Story of the Wildrake Diving Accident. Medford, Oregon: Lion's Mouth Publishing. pp. 105, 309, 348–355. ISBN 978-0-615-52838-0. LCCN 2011915008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  3. ^ "Two die in plunge to sea bed". The Press and Journal (Scotland). November 27, 1978.
  4. ^ "Trapped divers die as rescue attempt failed". The Scotsman. November 27, 1978.
  5. ^ "Development of the oil and gas resources of the United Kingdom (Brown Book)". Department of Energy: 31. 1980.
  6. ^ "Transcript of Evidence in Fatal Accident Inquiry into the deaths of Gerard Anthony Prangley and Lothar Michael Ward". November 1979: 158, 180. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 180
  8. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 176
  9. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 123, 143
  10. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 393–394
  11. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 411–412, 459–460
  12. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 138, 460, 463
  13. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 142
  14. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 468
  15. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 468–469
  16. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 134
  17. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 508
  18. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 508
  19. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 475, 511
  20. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 475
  21. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 475–476, 512
  22. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, pp. 483–484
  23. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 483
  24. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 374
  25. ^ Prangley/Ward FAI 1979, p. 431

See also

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