Half-Life (series): Difference between revisions

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==== ''Opposing Force'' ====
{{Main|Half-Life: Opposing Force}}
''Half-Life'' was followed by an [[expansion pack]], ''[[Half-Life: Opposing Force|Opposing Force]]'', on November 1, 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://store.steampowered.com/app/50/ |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[Steam (software)|Steam]] |publisher=[[Valve Corporation|Valve]] |accessdate=November 19, 2008}}</ref> Unlike ''Half-Life'', ''Opposing Force'' was developed by Gearbox Software, although it was still published by Sierra Studios. ''Opposing Force'' was first announced as a mission pack for ''Half-Life'' in April 1999, and was released for the Windows version of the game.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pc.ign.com/articles/067/067720p1.html |title=''Half-Life'' Expands |website=[[IGN]] |date=April 15, 1999 |accessdate=November 18, 2008}}</ref> The player no longer assumes the role of Gordon Freeman, but rather sees the later events of the first game from the perspective of a [[US Marine]] corporal, [[Adrian Shephard]]. Shephard is initially assigned to cover up the events at Black Mesa, but is soon left isolated and has to fight to survive against a new group of alien invaders and [[black operation]]s units. ''Opposing Force'' was received favorably by critics,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamerankings.com/htmlpages2/149551.asp?q=Opposing%20Force |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' Reviews |website=[[GameRankings]] |accessdate=November 18, 2008}}</ref> many citing the game as being as influential on setting expansion pack standards as the original game had been in influencing the overall genre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/half-life-opposing-force-review/1900-2543541/ |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' for PC Review |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Erik |last=Wolpaw |date=November 24, 1999 |accessdate=November 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=8519 |title=PC Review: ''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[Computer and Video Games]] |first=Kim |last=Randell |date=August 15, 2001 |accessdate=November 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eforall.gamepro.com/article/reviews/3231/half-life-opposing-force/ |title=Review: ''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[GamePro]] |date=November 24, 2000 |accessdate=November 20, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229182520/http://eforall.gamepro.com/article/reviews/3231/half-life-opposing-force/ |archivedate=December 29, 2008}}</ref> The game won the Computer Game of the Year [[Interactive Achievement Award]] of 2000 from the [[Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interactive.org/awards/annual_awards.asp?idAward=2000 |title=AIAS Annual Awards: 3rd Annual Awards |publisher=[[Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]] |year=2000 |accessdate=November 21, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220004549/http://www.interactive.org/awards/annual_awards.asp?idAward=2000 |archivedate=February 20, 2009}}</ref>
''Half-Life'' was followed by an [[expansion pack]], ''[[Half-Life: Opposing Force|Opposing Force]]'', on November 1, 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://store.steampowered.com/app/50/ |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[Steam (software)|Steam]] |publisher=[[Valve Corporation|Valve]] |accessdate=November 19, 2008}}</ref> Unlike ''Half-Life'', ''Opposing Force'' was developed by Gearbox Software, although it was still published by Sierra Studios. ''Opposing Force'' was first announced as a mission pack for ''Half-Life'' in April 1999, and was released for the Windows version of the game.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pc.ign.com/articles/067/067720p1.html |title=''Half-Life'' Expands |website=[[IGN]] |date=April 15, 1999 |accessdate=November 18, 2008}}</ref> The player no longer assumes the role of Gordon Freeman, but rather sees the later events of the first game from the perspective of a [[US Marine]] corporal, [[Adrian Shephard]]. Shephard is initially assigned to cover up the events at Black Mesa, but is soon left isolated and has to fight to survive against a new group of alien invaders and [[black operation]]s units.
 
''Half-Life'' was followed by an [[expansion pack]], ''[[Half-Life: Opposing Force|Opposing Force]]'', on November 1, 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://store.steampowered.com/app/50/ |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[Steam (software)|Steam]] |publisher=[[Valve Corporation|Valve]] |accessdate=November 19, 2008}}</ref> Unlike ''Half-Life'', ''Opposing Force'' was developed by Gearbox Software, although it was still published by Sierra Studios. ''Opposing Force'' was first announced as a mission pack for ''Half-Life'' in April 1999, and was released for the Windows version of the game.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pc.ign.com/articles/067/067720p1.html |title=''Half-Life'' Expands |website=[[IGN]] |date=April 15, 1999 |accessdate=November 18, 2008}}</ref> The player no longer assumes the role of Gordon Freeman, but rather sees the later events of the first game from the perspective of a [[US Marine]] corporal, [[Adrian Shephard]]. Shephard is initially assigned to cover up the events at Black Mesa, but is soon left isolated and has to fight to survive against a new group of alien invaders and [[black operation]]s units. ''Opposing Force'' was received favorably by critics,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamerankings.com/htmlpages2/149551.asp?q=Opposing%20Force |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' Reviews |website=[[GameRankings]] |accessdate=November 18, 2008}}</ref> many citing the game as being as influential on setting expansion pack standards as the original game had been in influencing the overall genre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/half-life-opposing-force-review/1900-2543541/ |title=''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' for PC Review |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Erik |last=Wolpaw |date=November 24, 1999 |accessdate=November 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=8519 |title=PC Review: ''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[Computer and Video Games]] |first=Kim |last=Randell |date=August 15, 2001 |accessdate=November 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eforall.gamepro.com/article/reviews/3231/half-life-opposing-force/ |title=Review: ''Half-Life: Opposing Force'' |work=[[GamePro]] |date=November 24, 2000 |accessdate=November 20, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229182520/http://eforall.gamepro.com/article/reviews/3231/half-life-opposing-force/ |archivedate=December 29, 2008}}</ref> The game won the Computer Game of the Year [[Interactive Achievement Award]] of 2000 from the [[Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interactive.org/awards/annual_awards.asp?idAward=2000 |title=AIAS Annual Awards: 3rd Annual Awards |publisher=[[Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]] |year=2000 |accessdate=November 21, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220004549/http://www.interactive.org/awards/annual_awards.asp?idAward=2000 |archivedate=February 20, 2009}}</ref>
 
==== ''Blue Shift'' ====
{{Main|Half-Life: Blue Shift}}
Gearbox went on to develop ''[[Half-Life: Blue Shift|Blue Shift]]'', ''Half-Life''{{'}}s second expansion pack. Like ''Opposing Force'', ''Blue Shift'' was published by Sierra Entertainment. Announced in 2000, the game was initially developed as a bonus campaign for the [[Dreamcast]] port of ''Half-Life'';<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/half-life-preview/1100-2606931/ |title=''Half-Life'' Preview |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Chris |last=Kirchgasler |date=July 24, 2000 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}}</ref> however, the port was cancelled and ''Blue Shift'' was instead released for Windows on June 12, 2001.<ref name="Satterfield">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/half-life-for-the-dreamcast-officially-cancelled/1100-2776155/ |title=''Half-Life'' for the Dreamcast officially cancelled |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Shane |last=Satterfield |date=June 16, 2001 |accessdate=October 26, 2008}}</ref><ref name="release" />
 
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==== ''Decay'' ====
{{Main|Half-Life: Decay}}
The third and final expansion for ''Half-Life'' was ''[[Half-Life: Decay|Decay]]''. The game was again developed by Gearbox and published by Sierra. However, unlike previous games, ''Decay'' is only available with the PlayStation 2 version of ''Half-Life''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ps2.ign.com/objects/015/015631.html |title=''Half-Life'' |website=[[IGN]] |accessdate=October 23, 2008}}</ref> ''Decay'' is unique within the ''Half-Life'' series as the only [[Cooperative gameplay|cooperative game]]—two players must work together to progress through the game.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-2001-hands-onhalf-life/1100-2761914/ |title=E3 2001 Hands-on ''Half-Life'' |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Joe |last=Fielder |date=May 17, 2001 |accessdate=October 23, 2008}}</ref> ''Decay'' focuses on two of Freeman's colleagues, Gina Cross and Colette Green, as the two work with other scientists to counter the effects of the dimensional rift and ultimately attempt to close it.
 
Released on November 14, 2001, ''Decay'' received a weak but overall positive reception from critics, many reviewers stating that it was fun to play through with a friend, but that the game's more puzzle-oriented gameplay detracted from the overall experience.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/reviews/november01/halflifeps2/index.shtm |title=Reviews: ''Half-Life'' (PS2) |website=[[GameSpy]] |first=David |last=Hodgson |accessdate=October 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709015543/http://archive.gamespy.com/reviews/november01/halflifeps2/index.shtm |archivedate=July 9, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elecplay.com/reviews/view/?article=7478&full=1 |title=Review: ''Half-Life'' |work=[[The Electric Playground]] |first=Steve |last=Smith |accessdate=October 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003012624/http://www.elecplay.com/reviews/view/?article=7478&full=1 |archivedate=October 3, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/half-life-review/1900-2824623/ |title=''Half-Life'' for PlayStation 2 Review |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Doug |last=Radcliffe |date=October 15, 2001 |accessdate=October 23, 2008}}</ref> An unofficial Windows port was released in September 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2008/09/28/half-life-the-lost-chapter/ |title=''Half-Life'': The Lost Chapter |first=Alec |last=Meer |publisher=Rock, Paper, Shotgun |date=September 28, 2008 |accessdate=October 24, 2008}}</ref>
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===''Half-Life 2''===
{{main|Half-Life 2}}
On November 16, 2004, Valve released ''[[Half-Life 2]]''. The game had a six-year development cycle, which saw several delays and the leak of the game's source code. ''Half-Life 2'' returns the player to the role of Gordon Freeman. Set twenty years after the original game,<ref name="storysofar">{{cite web|url=http://ep1.half-life2.com/story.php|title=''Half-Life'': The Story so Far|publisher=[[Valve Corporation|Valve]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725080723/http://ep1.half-life2.com/story.php|archivedate=July 25, 2008|url-status=dead|accessdate=March 24, 2008}}</ref> Earth has been occupied by the [[Combine (Half-Life)|Combine]], a [[transdimensional]] race that exploited the events of the first game to invade. The G-Man inserts Freeman into [[City 17]] in [[Eastern Europe]] to combat the Combine occupation. ''Half-Life 2'' garnered near-unanimous positive reviews and received critical acclaim much like its predecessor, winning over 35 Game of the Year awards for 2004. Considered [[List of video games considered the best|one of the greatest video games of all time]], the game has been critically praised for its advances in [[computer animation]], [[Sound recording and reproduction|sound]], [[narrator|narration]], [[computer graphics]], [[Game artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence]], and [[Physics engine|physics]]. ''Half-Life 2'' was the first game to use Valve's [[Steam (software)|Steam]] content delivery system, a system that eventually led to Valve falling out with publisher [[Sierra Entertainment]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}
 
==== ''Half-Life''Lost ''2Coast'' episodes====
{{Main|Half-Life 2: Lost Coast}}
On October 27, 2005, Valve released ''[[Half-Life 2: Lost Coast|Lost Coast]],'' a short, playable tech demo demonstrating [[high dynamic range rendering]].<ref name="1UP analysis">{{cite web|urllast=http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offsetLee|first=1&cIdGarnett|date=3143168August 29, 2005|title=''Half-Life 2'': ''Aftermath'' and ''Lost Coast''|lasturl=Lee|first=Garnett|date=August 29, 2005|website=[[1UPhttp://www.1up.com]]/do/feature?pager.offset=1&cId=3143168|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522180428/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=1&cId=3143168|archivedate=May 22, 2011|accessdate=November 20, 2008|website=[[1UP.com]]}}</ref> Consisting of a single map, ''Lost Coast'' was based on a cut segment of ''Half-Life 2.''<ref>{{cite web|last=Accrado|first=Sal|date=October 28, 2005|title=''Half-Life 2: The Lost Coast'' (PC)|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/half-life-2-lost-coast/662640p1.html|title=''Half-Life 2: The Lost Coast'' (PC)|last=Accrado|first=Sal|date=October 28, 2005|website=[[GameSpy]]|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011062613/http://pc.gamespy.com//pc//half-life-2-lost-coast//662640p1.html|archivedate=October 11, 2012|accessdate=October 17, 2008|website=[[GameSpy]]}}</ref> The player, as Freeman, climbs a cliff to destroy a Combine artillery launcher in a monastery.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Half-Life 2: Lost Coast'' Allies|url=http://planethalflife.gamespy.com/View.php?view=HL2GameInfo.Detail&id=18&game=3|title=''Half-Life 2: Lost Coast'' Allies|work=[[Planet Half-Life]]|publisher=[[GameSpy]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426040009/http://planethalflife.gamespy.com/View.php?view=HL2GameInfo.Detail&id=18&game=3|archivedate=April 26, 2013|accessdate=November 21, 2008|work=[[Planet Half-Life]]|publisher=[[GameSpy]]}}</ref>
 
====Episodes====
In May 2006, Valve announced a trilogy of episodic games that would continue the ''Half-Life 2'' story, with the final episode planned for release by Christmas 2007.<ref name="GameSpot">{{cite news |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/half-life-2-episode-one-gold-two-dated-three-announced/1100-6151796/ |title=Half-Life 2: Episode One gold, Two dated, Three announced |date=May 24, 2006 |accessdate=May 18, 2007 |website=GameSpot}}</ref> Newell said that the approach would allow Valve to release products more quickly after the six-year ''Half-Life 2'' development, and that he considered the trilogy the equivalent of ''Half-Life 3''.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/i_valve_060606 |title=Opening the Valve |first=Tom |last=Bramwell |date=June 6, 2006 |accessdate=August 28, 2017 |work=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> According to Newell, where ''Half-Life'' saw the G-Man transform Freeman into his tool, and ''Half-Life 2'' saw Freeman being used by G-Man, the episodic trilogyepisodes would see G-Man lose control.<ref name=":0" />
 
''[[Half-Life 2: Episode One|Episode One]]'' was released on June 1, 2006. The player controls Freeman as he and Alyx escape City 17 before a [[dark energy]] reactor core destroys it. It introduced several graphical effects, including new lighting features and more advanced [[Computer facial animation|facial animation]]. The story focuses on Alyx. ''Episode One'' received a generally positive critical reaction, although the short length was a common point of criticism.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}
 
''[[Half-Life 2: Episode Two|Episode Two]]'' was released for Windows, [[Xbox 360]], and [[PlayStation 3]] on October 10, 2007 as part of the compilation ''[[The Orange Box]].'' It was distributed digitally on Steam and at retail by Electronic Arts. ''Episode Two'' focuses on expansive environments, travel, and less linear play. As Freeman, the player travels with Alyx into the surrounding countryside, pursued by Combine forces. ''Episode Two''{{'}}s new technologies and gameplay features were praised by reviewers; however, though it was significantly longer than ''Episode 1'', the length was again a point of criticism.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}
 
=== ''Half-Life: Alyx'' ===
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Announced in November 2019, ''[[Half-Life: Alyx]]'' is a [[virtual reality]] (VR) title that was released on March 23, 2020, supporting all major VR headsets on Microsoft Windows-based computers.<ref name="PCGamer">{{cite web|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/uk/half-life-alyx-release-date-trailer-everything-we-know/|title=12 big things we learned about Half-Life: Alyx|last=|first=|date=November 21, 2019|website=[[PC Gamer]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123125928/https://www.pcgamer.com/uk/half-life-alyx-release-date-trailer-everything-we-know/|archive-date=November 23, 2019|access-date=}}</ref> A prequel to ''Half-Life 2'', players control Alyx as she and her father Eli establish the resistance against the Combine in City 17. Described by Valve as its "flagship" VR game, it was developed using the [[Source 2]] engine and supports all PC-compatible [[VR headset|VR headsets]]. Players use VR to interact with the environment and fight enemies, using "gravity gloves" to manipulate objects, similarly to the [[gravity gun]] from ''Half-Life 2''.
 
''Alyx'' was released to nearly universal acclaim.<ref name="metacritic">{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/half-life-alyx|title=Half-Life: Alyx for PC Reviews - Metacritic|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=March 24, 2020}}</ref> Reviewers at publications such as ''[[VG247]]'', ''[[Tom's Hardware]]'', and ''[[Video Games Chronicle]]'' have said that the game is VR's "[[killer app]]".<ref>{{cite web |last1=McKeand |first1=Kirk |title=Half-Life: Alyx review - VR's killer app is a key component in the Half-Life story |url=https://www.vg247.com/2020/03/23/half-life-alyx-review/ |website=VG247 |accessdate=March 24, 2020 |date=March 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Carbotte |first1=Kevin |title=Half-Life: Alyx Gameplay Review: (Almost) Every VR Headset Tested |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/uk/reviews/half-life-alyx-gameplay-vr-headset |website=Tom's Hardware |accessdate=March 24, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Andrew |title=Review: Half-Life Alyx is VR’s stunning killer app |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/reviews/half-life-alyx |website=VGC |accessdate=March 24, 2020 |date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>
 
===Unreleased games===