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{{About|the early-20th-century novelist|the American actor|David H. Lawrence XVII}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Lawrencian|Laurentian (disambiguation){{!}}Laurentian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = D. H. Lawrence
| image = D H Lawrence passport photograph.jpg
| caption = Lawrence in 1929
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = David Herbert Lawrence
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1885|9|11}}
| birth_place = [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire]], England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|3|2|1885|9|11}}
| death_place = [[Vence]], Alpes-Maritimes, France
| resting_place = [[D. H. Lawrence Ranch]], Taos, New Mexico, US
| alma_mater = [[University College Nottingham]]
| language = English
| period = 1907–1930
| genre = {{cslist|[[Modernism]]|[[philosophical fiction]]}}
| notableworks = {{Plainlist|
*'''Novels''': {{cslist|''[[Sons and Lovers]]''|''[[The Rainbow]]''|''[[Women in Love]]''|''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''}}
*'''Short stories''': {{cslist|"[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]"|"[[The Rocking-Horse Winner]]"}}}}
}}<!-- Influences and Influenced are parameters that are no longer supported for the Writer infobox, however do not delete them
| influences = [[Joseph Conrad]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[J. P. Jacobsen]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Letters of D. H. Lawrence|editor1-last=Roberts et.al|editor1-first=Warren|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1987|pages=507}}</ref> [[Herman Melville]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64flYHlI9cQC&pg=PA73 |title=The Visionary D. H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art |first=Montgomery |last= Robert |isbn=978-0-521-11242-0 |date=4 June 2009}}</ref> [[Arthur Schopenhauer]], [[Lev Shestov]],<ref>Park, See-Young:"Notes & Queries;Jun2004, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p165"</ref> [[Walt Whitman]]
| influenced = [[Charles Bukowski]], [[Anthony Burgess]], [[Ronald Verlin Cassill]], [[Aldous Huxley]], [[Doris Lessing]], [[Anaïs Nin]], [[Joyce Carol Oates]], [[Octavio Paz]], [[Dylan Thomas]], [[Tennessee Williams]]
-->
'''David Herbert Lawrence''' (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, literary critic, travel writer, essayist, and painter. His [[Literary modernism|modernist]] works reflect on [[modernity]], [[social alienation]] and [[industrialization]], while championing sexuality, vitality and instinct. Three of his most famous novels — ''[[The Rainbow]]'', ''[[Women in Love]]'', and ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' — were the subject of censorship trials for their radical portrayals of sexuality and use of explicit language.
Lawrence's opinions and artistic preferences earned him a controversial reputation; he endured contemporary persecution and public misrepresentation of his creative work throughout his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile that he described as a "savage enough pilgrimage".<ref>Warren Roberts, [[James Boulton|James T. Boulton]], and Elizabeth Mansfield (eds.), ''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence'', 2002, letter to J. M. Murry, 2 February 1923, p. 375</ref> At the time of his death, he had been variously scorned as tasteless, avant-garde, and a pornographer who had only garnered success for erotica; however, English novelist and critic [[E. M. Forster]], in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as "the greatest imaginative novelist of our generation".<ref>E. M. Forster, letter to ''[[The Nation and Atheneum]]'', 29 March 1930</ref> Later, English literary critic [[F. R. Leavis]] also championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness.
==Life and career==
===Early life===
[[File:DH Lawrence birthplace museum - geograph-1814503.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum]] in [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire]]]]
The fourth child of Arthur John Lawrence, a barely literate miner at [[Brinsley Colliery]], and Lydia Beardsall, a former [[pupil-teacher]] who had been forced to perform manual work in a lace factory due to her family's financial difficulties,<ref>{{cite web |last=Gillespie |first=Gavin |date=9 February 2024 |title=D.H. Lawrence - An illustrated biography. His life, death, and thereafter, containing unique photographs of the area where he was born. |url=https://www.dh-lawrence.co.uk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020604112958/http://www.lawrenceseastwood.co.uk/ |archive-date=4 June 2002 |access-date=24 May 2001 |website=DH Lawrence's Eastwood}}</ref> Lawrence spent his formative years in the [[coal mining]] town of [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]], [[Nottinghamshire]]. The house in which he was born, 8a Victoria Street, is now the [[D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum]]. His working-class background and the tensions between his parents provided the raw material for a number of his early works. Lawrence roamed out from an early age in the patches of open, hilly country and remaining fragments of [[Sherwood Forest]] in [[Felley]] woods to the north of [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]], beginning a lifelong appreciation of the natural world, and he often wrote about "the country of my heart"<ref>Letter to [[Rolf Gardiner]], 3 December 1926.</ref> as a setting for much of his fiction.
The young Lawrence attended Beauvale Board School<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jun/13/dh.lawrence D.H. Lawrence] (22 July 2008). ''TheGuardian.com''. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</ref> (now renamed Greasley Beauvale D. H. Lawrence Primary School in his honour) from 1891 until 1898, becoming the first local pupil to win a [[county council]] scholarship to [[Nottingham High School]] in nearby [[Nottingham]]. He left in 1901,<ref name="nottingham1">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/biography.aspx | title=Brief Biography of DH Lawrence - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> working for three months as a junior clerk at Haywood's [[Surgical instrument|surgical appliances]] factory, but a severe bout of [[pneumonia]] ended this career. During his convalescence he often visited Hagg's Farm, the home of the Chambers family, and began a friendship with Jessie Chambers, one of the daughters who would go on to inspire characters in his writing. An important aspect of this relationship with Chambers and other adolescent acquaintances was a shared love of books,<ref name="nottingham1908">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter1.aspx | title=Chapter 1: Background and youth: 1885-1908 - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> an interest that lasted throughout Lawrence's life.
[[File:DH Lawrence 1906.jpg|thumb|upright|Lawrence at age 21 in 1906]]
In the years 1902 to 1906 Lawrence served as a [[pupil-teacher]] at the British School, Eastwood. He went on to become a full-time student and received a [[Qualified Teacher Status|teaching certificate]] from [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]] (then an external college of [[University of London]]), in 1908. During these early years he was working on his first poems, some short stories, and a draft of a novel, ''Laetitia'', which was eventually to become ''[[The White Peacock]].'' At the end of 1907 he won a short story competition in the [[Nottingham Guardian|''Nottinghamshire Guardian'']],<ref name="nottingham1908"/> the first time that he had gained any wider recognition for his literary talents.
=== Early career ===
In the autumn of 1908, the newly qualified Lawrence left his childhood home for London.<ref name="nottingham1908"/> While teaching in Davidson Road School, [[Croydon]], he continued writing.<ref name="nottingham2">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter2.aspx | title=Chapter 2: London and first publication: 1908-1912 - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> Jessie Chambers submitted some of Lawrence's early poetry to [[Ford Madox Ford]] (then known as Ford Hermann Hueffer), editor of the influential ''[[The English Review]]''.<ref name="nottingham2"/> Hueffer then commissioned the story ''[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]'' which, when published in that magazine, encouraged [[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]], a London publisher, to ask Lawrence for more work. His career as a professional author now began in earnest, although he taught for another year.
[[File:DH Lawrence plaque.jpg|thumb|upright|Commemorative plaque in Colworth Road, [[Croydon]], south London ]]
Shortly after the final proofs of his first published novel, ''[[The White Peacock]]'', appeared in 1910, Lawrence's mother died of [[cancer]]. The young man was devastated, and he was to describe the next few months as his "sick year". Due to Lawrence's close relationship with his mother, his grief became a major turning point in his life, just as the death of his character, Mrs. Morel, is a major turning point in his [[autobiographical novel]] ''[[Sons and Lovers]]'', a work that draws upon much of the writer's provincial upbringing. Essentially concerned with the emotional battle for Lawrence's love between his mother and "Miriam" (in reality Jessie Chambers), the novel also documents Lawrence's (through his protagonist, Paul) brief intimate relationship with Chambers that Lawrence had finally initiated in the Christmas of 1909, ending it in August 1910.<ref>Chambers Wood'','' Jessie (1935) ''D.H. Lawrence: A Personal Record.'' Jonathan Cape. p. 182.</ref> The hurt this caused Chambers and, finally, her portrayal in the novel, ended their friendship;<ref>Worthen, John (2005) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.'' Allen Lane. p. 132.</ref> after it was published, they never spoke again.
In 1911, Lawrence was introduced to [[Edward Garnett]], a [[publisher's reader]], who acted as a mentor and became a valued friend, as did his son [[David Garnett|David]]. Throughout these months, the young author revised ''Paul Morel'', the first draft of what became ''[[Sons and Lovers]]''. In addition, a teaching colleague, [[Helen Corke]], gave him access to her intimate diaries about an unhappy love affair, which formed the basis of ''[[The Trespasser (novel)|The Trespasser]]'', his second novel. In November 1911, Lawrence came down with a pneumonia again; once recovered, he abandoned teaching in order to become a full-time writer. In February 1912, he broke off an engagement to Louie Burrows, an old friend from his days in Nottingham and Eastwood.<ref name="nottingham2"/>
[[File:David Herbert Lawrence & Frieda von Richthofen 1914.jpg|thumb|left|D. H. Lawrence and [[Frieda Lawrence|Frieda]] in 1914]]
In March 1912, Lawrence met [[Frieda von Richthofen|Frieda Weekley (née von Richthofen)]], with whom he was to share the rest of his life. Six years his senior, she was married to [[Ernest Weekley]], his former [[Linguistics|modern languages]] professor at [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]], and had three young children. However, she and Lawrence [[elopement|eloped]] and left England for Frieda's parents' home in [[Metz]], a [[Garrison|garrison town]] (then in Germany) near the disputed border with France. Lawrence experienced his first encounter with [[France–Germany relations|tensions between Germany and France]] when he was arrested and accused of being a British [[Espionage|spy]], before being released following an intervention from Frieda's father. After this incident, Lawrence left for a small hamlet to the south of [[Munich]] where he was joined by Frieda for their "honeymoon", later memorialised in the series of love poems titled ''Look! We Have Come Through'' (1917).
During 1912 Lawrence wrote the first of his so-called "mining plays", ''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'', written in [[East Midlands English|Nottingham dialect]]. The play was not performed or even published in Lawrence's lifetime.
[[File:D.H. Lawrence, 29 November 1915.jpg|thumb|upright|Photograph of Lawrence by [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]], 29 November 1915]]
From Germany, they walked southwards across the [[Alps]] to Italy, a journey that was recorded in the first of his travel books, a collection of linked essays titled ''Twilight in Italy'' and the unfinished novel, ''[[Mr Noon]]''.<ref>One of the eight chapters in ''Windswept: Walking the Paths of Trailblazing Women'', by [[Annabel Abbs]] ([[Tin House]] Books, 2021), is about Frieda Lawrence.</ref>
During his stay in Italy, Lawrence completed the final version of ''Sons and Lovers''. Having become tired of the manuscript, he allowed Edward Garnett to cut roughly 100 pages from the text. The novel was published in 1913 and hailed as a vivid portrait of the realities of working class provincial life.
Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain in 1913 for a short visit, during which they encountered and befriended [[Literary criticism|critic]] [[John Middleton Murry]] and [[New Zealanders in the United Kingdom|New Zealand-born]] short story writer [[Katherine Mansfield]].
Also during that year, on 28 July, Lawrence met the Welsh tramp poet [[W. H. Davies]], whose nature poetry he initially admired. Davies collected [[Autograph|autographs]], and was keen to have Lawrence's. [[Georgian poetry]] publisher [[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]] secured this for Davies, probably as part of a signed poem, and also arranged a meeting between the poet and Lawrence and his wife. Despite his early enthusiasm for Davies' work, Lawrence's view cooled after reading ''Foliage''; whilst in Italy, he also disparaged ''Nature Poems'', calling them "so thin, one can hardly feel them".<ref>Stonesifer, Richard James (1963), ''W. H. Davies: A Critical Biography''. Jonathan Cape.</ref>
After the couple returned to Italy, staying in a cottage in Fiascherino on the [[Gulf of Spezia]] Lawrence wrote the first draft of what would later be transformed into two of his best-known novels, ''[[The Rainbow]]'' and ''[[Women in Love]]'', in which unconventional female characters take centre stage. Both novels were highly controversial and were [[Book censorship|banned]] on publication in the UK for [[obscenity]], although ''[[Women in Love]]'' was banned only temporarily.
{{multiple image|align=right
| footer = Lawrence's house in [[Camden, London]] in 1915, with a close up of the commemorative [[blue plaque]] at the address
| width =
| image1 = D H Lawrence - 1 Byron Villas, Vale of Health, Hampstead, London, NW3 1AR.jpg
| width1 = 118
| image2 = D.H. Lawrence (4624457121).jpg
| width2 = 210
}}
''The Rainbow'' follows three generations of a Nottinghamshire farming family from the pre-industrial to the [[industrial age]], focusing particularly on a daughter, Ursula, and her aspiration for a more fulfilling life than that of becoming a housebound wife.<ref>Worthen, John (2005) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.'' Allen Lane. p. 159.</ref> ''Women in Love'' delves into the complex relationships between four major characters, including the sisters Ursula and Gudrun. Both novels explored grand themes and ideas that challenged conventional thought on [[the arts]], politics, economic growth, gender, sexual experience, friendship and marriage. Lawrence's views as expressed in the novels are now thought to be far ahead of his time. The frank and relatively straightforward manner in which he wrote about [[sexual attraction]] was ostensibly why the books were initially banned, in particular the mention of same-sex attraction; Ursula has an affair with a woman in ''The Rainbow'', and there is an undercurrent of attraction between the two principal male characters in ''Women in Love''.
While working on ''Women in Love'' in [[Cornwall]] during 1916–17, Lawrence developed a strong relationship with a Cornish farmer named William Henry Hocking, which some scholars believe was possibly romantic, especially considering Lawrence's fascination with the theme of homosexuality in ''Women in Love''.<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage.'' New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 244 {{ISBN|0-671-68712-3}}</ref> Although Lawrence never made it clear their relationship was sexual, Frieda believed it was.<ref>Spalding, Francis (1997), ''[[Duncan Grant]]: A Biography''. p. 169: "Lawrence's views [i.e., warning [[David Garnett]] against homosexual tendencies], as [[Quentin Bell]] was the first to suggest and S. P. Rosenbaum has argued conclusively, were stirred by a dread of his own homosexual susceptibilities, which are revealed in his writings, notably the cancelled prologue to ''Women in Love.''"</ref> In a letter written during 1913, he writes, "I should like to know why nearly every man that approaches greatness tends to homosexuality, whether he admits it or not...."<ref>Letter to Henry Savage, 2 December 1913</ref> He is also quoted as saying, "I believe the nearest I've come to perfect love was with a young coal-miner when I was about 16."<ref>Quoted in ''My Life and Times, Octave Five, 1918–1923'' by [[Compton MacKenzie]] pp. 167–168</ref> However, given his enduring and robust relationship with Frieda it is likely that he was primarily "[[bi-curious]]", and whether he actually ever had homosexual relations remains an open question.<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence.'' Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 276 {{ISBN|978-1-85619-243-9}}</ref>
Eventually, Frieda obtained her divorce from Ernest Weekley. Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain shortly before the outbreak of [[World War I]] and were legally married on 13 July 1914. During this time, Lawrence worked with London intellectuals and writers such as [[Dora Marsden]], [[T. S. Eliot]], [[Ezra Pound]], and others connected with [[The Egoist (periodical)|''The Egoist'']], an important [[Literary modernism|Modernist]] [[literary magazine]] that published some of his work. Lawrence also worked on adapting [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]]'s ''[[Manifesto of Futurism]]'' into English.<ref>See the chapter "Rooms in the ''Egoist'' Hotel," and esp. p. 53, in ''Clarke, Bruce (1996). Dora Marsden and Early Modernism: Gender, Individualism, Science.'' U of Michigan P. pp. 137–72. {{ISBN|978-0-472-10646-2}}.</ref> He also met the young Jewish artist [[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]], with whom he became good friends for a time; Lawrence would later express his admiration for Gertler's 1916 anti-war painting, [[Merry-Go-Round (Gertler painting)|''Merry-Go-Round'']] as "the best ''modern'' picture I have seen. . . it is great and true."<ref>Haycock, (2009) ''A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War.'' p. 257</ref> Gertler would inspire the character Loerke (a sculptor) in ''Women in Love''.
Frieda's German parentage and Lawrence's open contempt for [[militarism]] caused them to be viewed with suspicion and live in near-destitution during wartime Britain; this may have contributed to ''[[The Rainbow]]'' being suppressed and investigated for its alleged [[obscenity]] in 1915.<ref>Worthen, John (2005) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.'' Allen Lane. p.164</ref> Later, the couple were accused of spying and signaling to [[U-boat|German submarines]] off the coast of [[Cornwall]], where they lived at [[Zennor]]. During this period, Lawrence finished his final draft of ''[[Women in Love]]''. Not published until 1920,<ref name="newyorker.com">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/12/19/the-deep-end|title=The Deep End|first=Benjamin|last=Kunkel|magazine=The New Yorker|date=12 December 2005}}</ref> it is now widely recognized as a novel of great dramatic force and intellectual subtlety.
In late 1917, after constant harassment by the armed forces and other authorities, Lawrence was forced to leave Cornwall at three days’ notice under the terms of the [[Defence of the Realm Act]]. This persecution was later described in an autobiographical chapter of his novel [[Kangaroo (novel)|''Kangaroo'']] (1923). Lawrence spent a few months of early 1918 in the small, rural village of [[Hermitage, Berkshire|Hermitage]] near [[Newbury, Berkshire]]. Subsequently, he lived for just under a year (mid-1918 to early 1919) at Mountain Cottage, [[Middleton-by-Wirksworth]], [[Derbyshire]], where he wrote one of his most poetic short stories, ''[[Wintry Peacock]]''. Until 1919, poverty compelled him to shift from address to address.
During this period, he barely survived a severe attack of [[influenza]].<ref name="newyorker.com"/>
===Exile===
After the wartime years, Lawrence began what he termed his "savage pilgrimage", a time of voluntary exile from his native country. He escaped from Britain at the earliest practical opportunity and returned only twice for brief visits, spending the remainder of his life travelling with Frieda. This [[wanderlust]] took him to Australia, Italy, [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] ([[Sri Lanka]]), the United States, Mexico and the [[Southern France|South of France]]. Abandoning Britain in November 1919, they headed south, first to the [[Abruzzo]] region in central Italy and then onwards to [[Capri]] and the Fontana Vecchia in [[Taormina]], Sicily. From Sicily they made brief excursions to [[Sardinia]], [[Monte Cassino]], [[Malta]], Northern Italy, Austria and Southern Germany.
Many of these places appear in Lawrence's writings, including ''[[The Lost Girl]]'' (for which he won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction), ''[[Aaron's Rod (novel)|Aaron's Rod]]'' and the fragment titled ''[[Mr Noon]]'' (the first part of which was published in the Phoenix anthology of his works, and the entirety in 1984). He wrote [[novellas]] such as ''[[The Captain's Doll]]'', ''[[The Fox (novella)|The Fox]]'' and ''[[The Ladybird]]''. In addition, some of his short stories were issued in the collection ''[[England, My England and Other Stories]]''. During these years Lawrence also wrote poems about the natural world in ''[[Birds, Beasts and Flowers]]''.
Lawrence is often considered one of the finest travel writers in English. His travel books include ''Twilight in Italy'', ''Etruscan Places'', ''[[Mornings in Mexico]]'', and ''[[Sea and Sardinia]]'', which describes a brief journey he undertook in January 1921 and focuses on the life of [[Sardinia]]’s people.<ref>Luciano Marrocu, ''Introduzione'' to Mare e Sardegna (Ilisso 2000); [[Giulio Angioni]], ''Pane e formaggio e altre cose di Sardegna'' (Zonza 2002)</ref> Less well known is his eighty-four page introduction to [[Maurice Magnus]]'s 1924 ''Memoirs of the Foreign Legion'',<ref>Maurice Magnus. ''Memoirs of the Foreign Legion'' (Martin Secker, 1924; Alfred A. Knopf, 1925), introduction by D. H. Lawrence. Introduction reprinted in ''Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence'' (The Viking Press, Inc. 1970); in [https://archive.org/details/memoirofmauricem00lawr Lawrence, D. H., ''Memoir of Maurice Magnus'', Cushman, Keith, ed., Black Sparrow Press, 1987]; in ''Introduction and Reviews'' in ''The Cambridge Edition of the Works of D. H. Lawrence'' (2004); and in ''Life With a Capital L'', [[Penguin Group|Penguin Books Limited]] (also published by [[New York Review Books]] as ''The Bad Side of Books''), essays by D. H. Lawrence chosen and introduced by [[Geoff Dyer]] (2019).</ref> in which Lawrence recalls his visit to the monastery of [[Monte Cassino]].
His other nonfiction books include two responses to [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] [[psychoanalysis]], ''Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious'' and ''Fantasia of the Unconscious''; ''Apocalypse and Other Writings on Revelation''; and ''[[Movements in European History]]'', a school textbook published under a pseudonym, is a reflection of Lawrence's blighted reputation in Britain.
===Later life and career===
In late February 1922, the Lawrences left Europe intending to migrate to the United States. They sailed in an easterly direction, however, first to Ceylon and then on to Australia. During a short residence in [[Darlington, Western Australia|Darlington]], Western Australia, Lawrence met local writer [[Mollie Skinner]], with whom he coauthored the novel ''[[The Boy in the Bush]]''. This stay was followed by a brief stop in the small coastal town of [[Thirroul, New South Wales|Thirroul]], New South Wales, during which Lawrence completed [[Kangaroo (novel)|''Kangaroo'']], a novel about local fringe politics that also explored his wartime experiences in Cornwall.<ref>Joseph Davis, D.H. Lawrence at Thirroul, Collins, Sydney, 1989</ref>
The Lawrences finally arrived in the United States in September 1922. Lawrence had several times discussed the idea of setting up a [[utopian community]] with several of his friends, having written in 1915 to Willie Hopkin, his old [[Socialism|socialist]] friend from Eastwood: <blockquote>"I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency … a place where one can live simply, apart from this civilisation … [with] a few other people who are also at peace and happy and live, and understand and be free.…"<ref>Letter to Willie Hopkin, January 18th 1915</ref></blockquote>It was with this in mind that they made for [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]], New Mexico, a [[Taos Pueblo|Pueblo]] town where many white [[Bohemianism|"bohemians"]] had settled, including [[Mabel Dodge Luhan]], a prominent socialite. Here they eventually acquired the 160-acre (0.65 km<sup>2</sup>) Kiowa Ranch, now called the [[D. H. Lawrence Ranch]], in 1924 from Dodge Luhan in exchange for the manuscript of ''The Plumed Serpent''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mabel: A Biography of Mabel Dodge Luhan|last=Hahn|first=Emily|date=1977|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=978-0395253496|location=Boston|page=[https://archive.org/details/mabelbiographyof00hahn/page/180 180]|oclc=2934093|url=https://archive.org/details/mabelbiographyof00hahn/page/180}}</ref> The couple stayed in New Mexico for two years, with extended visits to [[Lake Chapala]] and [[Oaxaca]] in Mexico. While Lawrence was in New Mexico, he was visited by [[Aldous Huxley]].
Editor and book designer [[Merle Armitage]] wrote a book about D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico. ''Taos Quartet in Three Movements'' was originally to appear in Flair Magazine, but the magazine folded before its publication. This short work describes the tumultuous relationship of D. H. Lawrence, his wife Frieda, artist [[Dorothy Brett]], and Mabel Dodge Sterne Luhan. Armitage took it upon himself to print 16 hardcover copies of this work for his friends. [[Richard Pousette-Dart]] executed the drawings for ''Taos Quartet'', published in 1950.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kYhAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Taos%20Quartet%22%20pousette-dart%20copyright&pg=RA1-PA10 | title=Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series: 1951| year=1952}}</ref>
While in the US, Lawrence rewrote and published ''[[Studies in Classic American Literature]]'', a set of critical essays begun in 1917 and described by [[Edmund Wilson]] as "one of the few first-rate books that have ever been written on the subject".<ref>Wilson, Edmund, ''The Shock of Recognition''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1955, p. 906.</ref> These interpretations, with their insights into [[symbol]]ism, [[Transcendentalism|New England Transcendentalism]] and the [[Puritans|Puritan sensibility]], were a significant factor in the revival of the reputation of [[Herman Melville]] during the early 1920s. In addition, Lawrence completed new fictional works, including ''[[The Boy in the Bush]]'', ''[[The Plumed Serpent]]'', ''[[St Mawr]]'', ''[[The Woman who Rode Away]]'', [[The Princess (story)|''The Princess'']] and other short stories. He also produced the collection of linked [[Travel literature|travel essays]] that became ''[[Mornings in Mexico]]''.
A brief voyage to England at the end of 1923 was a failure and Lawrence soon returned to Taos, convinced his life as an author now lay in the United States. However, in March 1925 he suffered a near fatal attack of [[malaria]] and [[tuberculosis]] while on a third visit to [[Mexico]]. Although he eventually recovered, the diagnosis of his condition obliged him to return once again to Europe. He was dangerously ill and poor health limited his ability to travel for the remainder of his life. The Lawrences made their home in a villa in Northern Italy near [[Florence]], where he wrote [[The Virgin and the Gypsy|''The Virgin and the Gipsy'']] and the various versions of ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (1928). The latter book, his last major novel, was initially published in private editions in Florence and Paris and reinforced his notoriety. A story set once more in Nottinghamshire about a cross-class relationship between a Lady and her gamekeeper, it broke new ground in describing their sexual relationship in explicit yet literary language. Lawrence hoped to challenge the British taboos around sex: to enable men and women "to think sex, fully, completely, honestly, and cleanly."<ref>''<nowiki>A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover</nowiki> and Other Essays'' (1961). Penguin, p. 89</ref> Lawrence responded robustly to those who took offense, even publishing satirical poems (''Pansies'' and ''Nettles'') as well as a [[Tract (literature)|tract]] on ''Pornography and Obscenity''.
The return to Italy allowed him to renew old friendships; during these years he was particularly close to [[Aldous Huxley]], who was to edit the first collection of Lawrence's letters after his death, along with a memoir.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Poller |first=Jake |date=January 2010 |title=The philosophy of life-worship: D.H. Lawrence and Aldous Huxley |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A243877849/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d06fd8eb |journal=D.H. Lawrence Review |volume=34-35 |via=Gale}}</ref> After Lawrence visited local archaeological sites (particularly old tombs) with artist [[Earl Brewster]] in April 1927, his collected essays inspired by the excursions were published as ''[[Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays|Sketches of Etruscan Places]]'', a book that contrasts the lively past with [[Benito Mussolini]]'s fascism.
Lawrence continued to produce short stories and other works of fiction such as ''[[The Escaped Cock]]'' (also published as ''The Man Who Died''), an unorthodox reworking of the story of Jesus Christ's [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]].
During his final years, Lawrence renewed his serious interest in oil painting. Official harassment persisted and an exhibition of his paintings at the Warren Gallery in London was raided by the police in mid 1929 and several works were confiscated.
===Death===
[[File:DH Lawrence floor stone, Westminster Abbey.jpg|thumb|D. H. Lawrence's memorial stone in [[Westminster Abbey]], London]]
Lawrence continued to write despite his failing health. In his last months he wrote numerous poems, reviews and essays, as well as a robust defence of his last novel against those who sought to suppress it. His last significant work was a reflection on the [[Book of Revelation]], ''Apocalypse''. After being discharged from a [[sanatorium]], he died on 2 March 1930<ref name="nottingham1"/> at the Villa Robermond in [[Vence]], France, from complications of tuberculosis. Frieda commissioned an elaborate headstone for his grave bearing a mosaic of his adopted emblem of the [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]].<ref>Squires, Michael (2008) ''D. H. Lawrence and Frieda.'' Andre Deutsch</ref> After Lawrence's death, Frieda lived with the couple's friend [[Angelo Ravagli]] on their [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]] ranch and eventually married him in 1950. In 1935, Ravagli arranged, on Frieda's behalf, to have Lawrence's body exhumed and cremated. However, upon boarding the ship he learned he would have to pay taxes on the ashes, so he instead spread them in the Mediterranean, a more preferable resting place, in his opinion, than a concrete block in a chapel. The ashes brought back were dust and earth and remain interred on the Taos ranch in a small chapel amid the mountains of [[New Mexico]].<ref>Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 26982-26983). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</ref>
==Written works==
===Novels===
Lawrence is best known for his novels ''[[Sons and Lovers]]'', ''[[The Rainbow]]'', ''[[Women in Love]]'' and ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''. In these books, Lawrence explores the possibilities for life within an industrial setting. In particular Lawrence is concerned with the nature of relationships that can be had within such a setting. Though often classed as a [[Literary realism|realist]], Lawrence in fact uses his characters to give form to his personal philosophy. His depiction of sexuality, seen as shocking when his work was first published in the early 20th century, has its roots in this highly personal way of thinking and being.
Lawrence was very interested in the [[Haptic communication|sense of touch]], and his focus on physical intimacy has its roots in a desire to restore an emphasis on the body and rebalance it with what he perceived to be Western civilization's overemphasis on the mind; in a 1929 essay, "Men Must Work and Women As Well," he wrote:<blockquote>"Now then we see the trend of our civilization, in terms of human feeling and human relation. It is, and there is no denying it, towards a greater and greater abstraction from the physical, towards a further and further physical separateness between men and women, and between individual and individual.... It only remains for some men and women, individuals, to try to get back their bodies and preserve the other flow of warmth, affection and physical unison. There is nothing else to do." ''Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D.H. Lawrence'', ed. Warren Roberts and Harry T. Moore (New York: The Viking Press, 1968), pp. 589, 591.</blockquote>In his later years Lawrence developed the potentialities of the short novel form in ''[[St Mawr]]'', ''[[The Virgin and the Gypsy]]'' and ''[[The Escaped Cock]]''.
===Short stories===
Lawrence's best-known short stories include "[[The Captain's Doll]]", "[[The Fox (short story)|The Fox]]", "[[The Ladybird]]", "[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]", "[[The Princess (story)|The Princess]]", "[[The Rocking-Horse Winner]]", "[[St Mawr]]", "[[The Virgin and the Gypsy]]" and "[[The Woman who Rode Away]]". (''The Virgin and the Gypsy'' was published as a novella after he died.) Among his most praised collections is ''[[The Prussian Officer and Other Stories]]'', published in 1914. His collection ''The Woman Who Rode Away and Other Stories'', published in 1928, develops the theme of leadership that Lawrence also explored in novels such as ''Kangaroo'' and ''[[The Plumed Serpent]]'' and the story ''Fanny and Annie''.
===Poetry===
Lawrence wrote almost 800 poems, most of them relatively short. His first poems were written in 1904 and two of his poems, "Dreams Old" and "Dreams Nascent", were among his earliest published works in ''The English Review''. It has been claimed that his early works clearly place him in the school of [[Georgian poets]], and indeed some of his poems appear in the ''Georgian Poetry'' anthologies. However, [[James Reeves (writer)|James Reeves]] in his book on Georgian Poetry,<ref>''Georgian Poetry'', James Reeves, pub. Penguin Books (1962), ASIN: B0000CLAHA</ref> notes that Lawrence was never really a Georgian poet. Indeed, later critics<ref>''The New Poetry'', Michael Hulse, Kennedy & David Morley, pub. Bloodacre Books (1993), {{ISBN|978-1852242442}}</ref> contrast Lawrence's energy and dynamism with the complacency of Georgian poetry.
Just as the First World War dramatically changed the work of many of the poets who saw service in the trenches, Lawrence's own work dramatically changed, during his years in Cornwall. During this time, he wrote [[free verse]] influenced by [[Walt Whitman]].<ref>M. Gwyn Thomas, (1995) "Whitman in the British Isles", in ''Walt Whitman and the World'', ed. Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom. University of Iowa Press. p.16</ref> He set forth his manifesto for much of his later verse in the introduction to ''New Poems''. "We can get rid of the stereotyped movements and the old hackneyed associations of sound or sense. We can break down those artificial conduits and canals through which we do so love to force our utterance. We can break the stiff neck of habit […] But we cannot positively prescribe any motion, any rhythm."
Lawrence rewrote some of his early poems when they were collected in 1928. This was in part to fictionalise them, but also to remove some of the artifice of his first works. As he put it himself: "A young man is afraid of his demon and puts his hand over the demon's mouth sometimes and speaks for him."<ref>''Collected Poems'' (London: Martin Secker, 1928), pp.27–8</ref> His best-known poems are probably those dealing with nature such as those in the collection ''Birds, Beasts and Flowers'', including the Tortoise poems, and "Snake", one of his most frequently anthologised, displays some of his most frequent concerns: those of man's modern distance from nature and subtle hints at religious themes.<blockquote><poem>
In the deep, strange-scented shade of the great dark carob tree
I came down the steps with my pitcher
And must wait, must stand and wait, for there he was at the trough before me.
(From "Snake")
</poem></blockquote>
''Look! We have come through!'' is his other work from the period of the end of the war and it reveals another important element common to much of his writings; his inclination to lay himself bare in his writings. [[Ezra Pound]] in his ''Literary Essays'' complained of Lawrence's interest in his own "disagreeable sensations" but praised him for his "low-life narrative." This is a reference to Lawrence's dialect poems akin to the Scots poems of [[Robert Burns]], in which he reproduced the language and concerns of the people of [[Nottinghamshire]] from his youth.
<blockquote><poem>
Tha thought tha wanted ter be rid o' me.
'Appen tha did, an' a'.
Tha thought tha wanted ter marry an' se
If ter couldna be master an' th' woman's boss,
Tha'd need a woman different from me,
An' tha knowed it; ay, yet tha comes across
Ter say goodbye! an' a'.
(From "The Drained Cup")
</poem></blockquote>
Although Lawrence's works after his Georgian period are clearly in the modernist tradition, they were often very different from those of many other [[modernist poetry|modernist]] writers, such as Pound. Pound's poems were often austere, with every word carefully worked on. Lawrence felt all poems had to be personal sentiments, and that a sense of spontaneity was vital. He called one collection of poems ''Pansies'', partly for the simple ephemeral nature of the verse, but also as a pun on the French word ''panser'', to dress or bandage a wound. "Pansies", as he made explicit in the introduction to ''New Poems'', is also a pun on [[Blaise Pascal]]'s ''[[Pensées]]''. "The Noble Englishman" and "Don't Look at Me" were removed from the official edition of ''Pansies'' on the grounds of obscenity, which wounded him. Even though he lived most of the last ten years of his life abroad, his thoughts were often still on England. Published in 1930, just eleven days after his death, his last work ''Nettles'' was a series of bitter, nettling but often wry attacks on the moral climate of England.
<blockquote><poem>
O the stale old dogs who pretend to guard
the morals of the masses,
how smelly they make the great back-yard
wetting after everyone that passes.
(From "The Young and Their Moral Guardians")
</poem></blockquote>
Two notebooks of Lawrence's unprinted verse were posthumously published as ''Last Poems'' and ''More Pansies''. These contain two of Lawrence's most famous poems about death, "Bavarian Gentians" and "The Ship of Death".
===Literary criticism===
Lawrence's criticism of other authors often provides insight into his own thinking and writing. Of particular note is his ''Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays''.<ref>''The Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature''. ed. Marion Wynne Davies (1990). Prentice Hall., p. 667</ref> In ''[[Studies in Classic American Literature]]'' Lawrence's responses to writers like [[Walt Whitman]], [[Herman Melville]] and [[Edgar Allan Poe]] also shed light on his craft.<ref>"D. H. Lawrence's Discovery of American Literature" by A. Banerjee, ''Sewanee Review'', Volume 119, Number 3, Summer 2011, pp. 469–475</ref><ref>[[A. O. Scott]], [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/29/books/review/dh-lawrence-american-classics-literature-soul.html "Nobody Ever Read American Literature Like This Guy Did"], ''The New York Times'', 29 July 2023.</ref>
===Plays===
Lawrence wrote ''A Collier's Friday Night'' about 1906–1909, though it was not published until 1939 and not performed until 1965. He wrote ''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'' in 1913, though it was not staged until 1967, when it was well received. In 1911 he wrote ''[[The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd]]'', which he revised in 1914; it was staged in the US in 1916 and in the UK in 1920, in an amateur production. It was filmed in 1976; an adaptation was shown on television (BBC 2) in 1995. He also wrote ''Touch and Go'' towards the end of [[World War I]], and his last play, ''David'', in 1925.
==Painting==
D. H. Lawrence had a lifelong interest in painting, which became one of his main forms of expression in his last years. His paintings were exhibited at the Warren Gallery in London's [[Mayfair]] in 1929. The exhibition was extremely controversial, with many of the 13,000 people visiting mainly to gawk. The ''[[Daily Express]]'' claimed, "''Fight with an Amazon'' represents a hideous, bearded man holding a fair-haired woman in his lascivious grip while wolves with dripping jaws look on expectantly, [this] is frankly indecent".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_V4xBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|title=Lake Garda: Gateway to D. H. Lawrence's Voyage to the Sun. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2013|date=13 November 2013|isbn=9781443854139|last1=Ceramella|first1=Nick|publisher=Cambridge Scholars }}</ref> However, several artists and art experts praised the paintings. [[Gwen John]], reviewing the exhibition in [[Everyman (magazine)|''Everyman'']], spoke of Lawrence's "stupendous gift of self-expression" and singled out ''The Finding of Moses'', ''Red Willow Trees'' and ''Boccaccio Story'' as "pictures of real beauty and great vitality". Others singled out ''Contadini'' for special praise. After a complaint, the police seized thirteen of the twenty-five paintings, including ''Boccaccio Story'' and ''Contadini''. Despite declarations of support from many writers, artists, and [[Member of Parliament#United Kingdom|members of Parliament]], Lawrence was able to recover his paintings only by agreeing never to exhibit them in England again. Years after his death, his widow Frieda asked artist and friend [[Joseph Glasco]] to arrange an exhibition of Lawrence’s paintings, which he discussed with his gallerist Catherine Viviano.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |title=Joseph Glasco: The Fifteenth American |publisher=Cacklegoose Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781611688542 |location=London |pages=127, 139 |language=English}}</ref> The largest collection of the paintings is now at La Fonda de Taos<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lafondataos.com/activity/d-h-lawrence-forbidden-art/|title=Art Galleries in Taos NM | Hotel La Fonda de Taos}}</ref> hotel in [[Taos, New Mexico]]. Several others, including ''Boccaccio Story'' and ''Resurrection'', are at the Humanities Research Centre of the [[University of Texas at Austin]].
==''Lady Chatterley'' trial==
{{Main|R v Penguin Books Ltd.}}
A heavily censored abridgement of ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' was published in the United States by [[Alfred A. Knopf]] in 1928. This edition was posthumously reissued in paperback in the United States by both Signet Books and [[Penguin Books]] in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flashbak.com/twenty-five-lady-chatterleys-lover-covers-369030/|title=1946 Penguin and Signet book covers|date=3 December 2016}}</ref> The first unexpurgated edition of ''Lady Chatterley’s Lover'' was printed in July 1928 in Florence by a small publisher, [[Giuseppe Orioli]]: 1000 copies in a very good print, according D. H. Lawrence, who wrote a thank-you poem to Orioli. When the unexpurgated edition of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959|Obscene Publications Act of 1959]] became a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law. The 1959 act (introduced by [[Roy Jenkins]]) had made it possible for publishers to escape conviction if they could show that a work was of literary merit. One of the objections was to the frequent use of the word "fuck" and its derivatives and the word "[[cunt]]".
Various academic critics and experts of diverse kinds, including [[E. M. Forster]], [[Helen Gardner (critic)|Helen Gardner]], [[Richard Hoggart]], [[Raymond Williams]] and [[Norman St John-Stevas]], were called as witnesses, and the verdict, delivered on 2 November 1960, was "not guilty". This resulted in a far greater degree of freedom for publishing explicit material in the UK. The prosecution was ridiculed for being out of touch with changing social norms when the chief prosecutor, [[Mervyn Griffith-Jones]], asked if it were the kind of book "you would wish your wife or servants to read".
The Penguin second edition, published in 1961, contains a publisher's dedication, which reads: "For having published this book, Penguin Books were prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act, 1959 at the [[Old Bailey]] in London from 20 October to 2 November 1960. This edition is therefore dedicated to the twelve jurors, three women and nine men, who returned a verdict of 'Not Guilty' and thus made D. H. Lawrence's last novel available for the first time to the public in the United Kingdom."
==Philosophy and politics==
Despite often writing about political, spiritual and philosophical matters, Lawrence was essentially contrary by nature and hated to be pigeonholed.<ref>Worthen, John (2005), ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider'', Allen Lane, p. 171. {{ISBN| 978-0141007311}}</ref> Critics such as [[Terry Eagleton]]<ref>Eagleton, Terry (2005), ''The English Novel: An Introduction'', Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 258–260. {{ISBN| 978-1405117074}}</ref> have argued that Lawrence was [[right-wing]] due to his lukewarm attitude to democracy, which he intimated would tend towards the leveling down of society and the subordination of the individual to the sensibilities of the "average" man. In his letters to [[Bertrand Russell]] around 1915, Lawrence voiced his opposition to enfranchising the working class and his hostility to the burgeoning labour movements, and disparaged the [[French Revolution]], referring to "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity" as the "three-fanged serpent." Rather than a republic, Lawrence called for an absolute dictator and equivalent dictatrix to lord over the lower peoples.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Letters of D. H. Lawrence|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|pages=365–366}}</ref> In 1953, recalling his relationship with Lawrence in [[World War I|the First World War]], Russell characterised Lawrence as a "proto-German Fascist," saying "I was a firm believer in democracy, whereas he had developed the whole philosophy of Fascism before the politicians had thought of it."<ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofb017701mbp|title=The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell 1872 1914|work=Internet Archive|publisher=Little, Brown and company|year=1951}}</ref> Russell felt Lawrence to be a ''positive force for evil''.<ref>[[Bertrand Russell]] ''Portraits from Memory'' (London, Allan and Unwin Ltd) 1956, p. 112.</ref> However, in 1924 Lawrence wrote an epilogue to ''[[Movements in European History]]'' (a textbook he wrote, originally published in 1921) in which he denounced fascism and Soviet-style socialism as bullying and “a mere worship of Force”. Further, he declared “I believe a good form of socialism, if it could be brought about, would be the best form of government.”<ref>Lawrence, D. H. (1925), ''Movements in European History'', Oxford University Press, p. 262.</ref> In the late 1920s, he told his sister he would vote Labour if he was living back in England.<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 276. {{ISBN| 978-1856192439}}</ref> In general, though, Lawrence disliked any organized groupings, and in his essay ''Democracy'', written in the late twenties, he argued for a new kind of democracy in which
<blockquote>each man shall be spontaneously himself – each man himself, each woman herself, without any question of equality or inequality entering in at all; and that no man shall try to determine the being of any other man, or of any other woman.<ref>Lawrence, D. H., "Democracy," in ''Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence'' (Penguin Books, 1936), p. 716.</ref></blockquote>
Lawrence held seemingly contradictory views on feminism. The evidence of his written works, particularly his earlier novels, indicates a commitment to representing women as strong, independent, and complex; he produced major works in which young, self-directing female characters were central. In his youth he supported extending the vote to women, and he once wrote, “All women in their natures are like giantesses. They will break through everything and go on with their own lives.”<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 123. {{ISBN|978-1856192439}}</ref> However, some feminist critics, notably [[Kate Millett]], have criticised, indeed ridiculed, Lawrence's [[Gender politics|sexual politics]], Millett claiming that he uses his female characters as mouthpieces to promote his creed of male supremacy and that his story ''The Woman Who Rode Away'' showed Lawrence as a pornographic sadist with its portrayal of “human sacrifice performed upon the woman to the greater glory and potency of the male.”<ref>Millett, Kate, 1969 (2000). ''"III: The Literary Reflection". Sexual Politics.'' University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|0-252-06889-0}}.</ref> [[Brenda Maddox]] further highlights this story and two others written around the same time, ''St. Mawr'' and ''The Princess'', as “masterworks of misogyny.”<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994) ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', Sinclair-Stevenson, pp. 361-365. {{ISBN|978-1856192439}}</ref>
Despite the inconsistency and at times inscrutability of his philosophical writings, Lawrence continues to find an audience, and the publication of [[The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence|a new scholarly edition of his letters]] and writings has demonstrated the range of his achievement. Philosophers like [[Gilles Deleuze]] and [[Félix Guattari]] found in Lawrence's critique of [[Sigmund Freud]] an important precursor of anti-Oedipal accounts of the unconscious that has been much influential.<ref>Deleuze, Guattari, Gilles, Félix (2004). ''Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia.'' Continuum.</ref>
==Posthumous reputation==
[[File:Statue of D.H. Lawrence, Nottingham castle, uk .jpg|thumb|upright|Bust of D. H. Lawrence at [[Nottingham Castle]]|alt=This bust of DH Lawrence at Nottingham Castle has now been moved to the grounds of Newstead Abbey.]]
The obituaries shortly after Lawrence's death were, with the exception of the one by [[E. M. Forster]], unsympathetic or hostile. However, there were those who articulated a more favourable recognition of the significance of this author's life and works. For example, his long-time friend [[Catherine Carswell]] summed up his life in a letter to the periodical ''[[Time and Tide (magazine)|Time and Tide]]'' published on 16 March 1930. In response to his critics, she wrote:<blockquote>In the face of formidable initial disadvantages and lifelong delicacy, poverty that lasted for three quarters of his life and hostility that survives his death, he did nothing that he did not really want to do, and all that he most wanted to do he did. He went all over the world, he owned a ranch, he lived in the most beautiful corners of Europe, and met whom he wanted to meet and told them that they were wrong and he was right. He painted and made things, and sang, and rode. He wrote something like three dozen books, of which even the worst page dances with life that could be mistaken for no other man's, while the best are admitted, even by those who hate him, to be unsurpassed. Without vices, with most human virtues, the husband of one wife, scrupulously honest, this estimable citizen yet managed to keep free from the shackles of civilisation and the cant of literary cliques. He would have laughed lightly and cursed venomously in passing at the solemn owls—each one secretly chained by the leg—who now conduct his inquest. To do his work and lead his life in spite of them took some doing, but he did it, and long after they are forgotten, sensitive and innocent people—if any are left—will turn Lawrence's pages and will know from them what sort of a rare man Lawrence was.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_VaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22owned+a+ranch+he+lived%22+%22formidable+initial%22+%22sort+of+a+rare%22|title=D.H. Lawrence: A Critical Anthology|editor1-last=Coombes|editor1-first=H.|date=1973|publisher=Penguin Educational. p.217|isbn=9780140807929|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref></blockquote>Aldous Huxley also defended Lawrence in his introduction to a collection of letters published in 1932. However, the most influential advocate of Lawrence's literary reputation was [[Cambridge]] literary critic [[F. R. Leavis]], who asserted that the author had made an important contribution to the tradition of English fiction. Leavis stressed that ''The Rainbow'', ''Women in Love'', and the short stories and tales were major works of art. Later, the obscenity trials over the unexpurgated edition of ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' in America in 1959, and in Britain in 1960, and subsequent publication of the full text, ensured Lawrence's popularity (and notoriety) with a wider public.
Since 2008, an annual D. H. Lawrence Festival has been organised in Eastwood to celebrate Lawrence's life and works; in September 2016, events were held in Cornwall to celebrate the centenary of Lawrence's connection with [[Zennor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornwalllive.com/events-in-st-ives-will-mark-the-centenary-of-dh-lawrence-s-time-in-zennor-during-first-world-war/story-29685652-detail/story.html|title=Centenary events will celebrate DH Lawrence's time in Zennor|date=5 September 2016|website=westbriton.co.uk.|access-date=11 September 2016}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
==Selected depictions of Lawrence's life==
*''[[Priest of Love]]'': a 1981 film based on the non-fiction biography of Lawrence with the same title. It stars [[Ian McKellen]] as Lawrence. The film is mostly focused on Lawrence's time in [[Taos, New Mexico]], and Italy, although the source biography covers most of his life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christophermiles.info/Films/Priest_of_Love/crew.html |title=Priest of Love Crew List & Locations |last=Miles |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Miles |website=ChristopherMiles.info |access-date=14 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112003306/http://www.christophermiles.info/Films/Priest_of_Love/crew.html |archive-date=12 November 2015 }}</ref>
*''Coming Through'': a 1985 film about Lawrence, who is portrayed by [[Kenneth Branagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088943/|title=Coming Through (1985)|website=[[IMDb]]|date=4 February 1988}}</ref>
*''[[Zennor in Darkness]]'': a 1993 novel by [[Helen Dunmore]] in which Lawrence and his wife feature prominently.
*''[[On the Rocks (2008 play)|On the Rocks]]'': a 2008 stage play by [[Amy Rosenthal]] showing Lawrence, his wife Frieda Lawrence, short-story writer Katherine Mansfield and critic and editor John Middleton Murry in Cornwall in 1916–17.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsR/rosenthal-amy.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304070315/http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsR/rosenthal-amy.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2007|title=Guide to Rosenthal's Plays}}</ref>
*''LAWRENCE – Scandalous! Censored! Banned!'': A musical based on the life of Lawrence. Winner of the 2009 Marquee Theatre Award for Best Original Musical. Received its London premiere in October 2013 at the [[Bridewell Theatre]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catherinebrown.org/academic/reviews/review-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned/|title=LAWRENCE: Scandalous! Censored! Banned!|publisher=catherinebrown.org|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208154433/https://catherinebrown.org/academic/reviews/review-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Husbands and Sons'': A stage play adapted by [[Ben Power]] from three of Lawrence's plays, ''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'', ''A Collier’s Friday Night'', and ''[[The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd]]'', which were each based on Lawrence's formative years in the mining community of [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]], [[Nottinghamshire]]. ''Husbands and Sons'' was co-produced by the [[ Royal National Theatre |National Theater]] and the [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theater]] and directed by [[Marianne Elliott (director)|Marianne Elliott]] in London in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Husbands & Sons |url=https://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/shows/husbands-sons#production-story |website=National Theatre |date=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/oct/28/husbands-and-sons-review-anne-marie-duff|title=Husbands and Sons review – Anne-Marie Duff shines through violation of DH Lawrence |first=Michael |last=Billington |author-link=Michael Billington (critic) |date=28 October 2015 |publisher=theguardian.com |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>
*''Frieda: The Original Lady Chatterley'' ([[Hodder & Stoughton]], 2019): a novel by [[Annabel Abbs]].
==Works==
{{Refbegin|2}}
===Novels===
*''[[The White Peacock]]'' (1911)
*''[[The Trespasser (novel)|The Trespasser]]'' (1912)
*''[[Sons and Lovers]]'' (1913)
*''[[The Rainbow]]'' (1915)
*''[[Women in Love]]'' (1920)
*''[[The Lost Girl]]'' (1920)
*''[[Aaron's Rod (novel)|Aaron's Rod]]'' (1922)
*''[[Kangaroo (novel)|Kangaroo]]'' (1923)
*''[[The Boy in the Bush]]'' (1924), coauthored with M.L. (Mollie or Molly) Skinner
*''[[The Plumed Serpent]]'' (1926)
*''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (1928)
*''[[The Escaped Cock]]'' (1929), republished as ''The Man Who Died''
===Short-story collections===
*''[[The Prussian Officer and Other Stories]]'' (1914)
*''[[England, My England and Other Stories]]'' (1922)
*''The Complete Short Stories'' (1922) Three volumes, reissued in 1961 by The Viking Press, Inc.
*''[[The Fox (novella)|The Fox]], [[The Captain's Doll]], The Ladybird'' (1923)
*''[[St Mawr]] and Other Stories'' (1925)
*''The Woman who Rode Away and Other Stories'' (1928)
*''[[The Rocking-Horse Winner]]'' (1926)
*''[[The Virgin and the Gipsy]] and Other Stories'' (1930)
*''Love Among the Haystacks and Other Pieces'' (1930)
*''The Lovely Lady and Other Tales'' (1932)
*''The Tales of D.H. Lawrence'' (1934) – Heinemann
*''Collected Stories'' (1994) – Everyman's Library
===Collected letters===
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume I, September 1901 – May 1913'', ed. [[James T. Boulton]], Cambridge University Press, 1979, {{ISBN|0-521-22147-1}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume II, June 1913 – October 1916'', ed. George J. Zytaruk and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1981, {{ISBN|0-521-23111-6}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume III, October 1916 – June 1921'', ed. James T. Boulton and Andrew Robertson, Cambridge University Press, 1984, {{ISBN|0-521-23112-4}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume IV, June 1921 – March 1924 '', ed. Warren Roberts, James T. Boulton and Elizabeth Mansfield, Cambridge University Press, 1987, {{ISBN|0-521-00695-3}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume V, March 1924 – March 1927'', ed. James T. Boulton and Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-521-00696-1}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VI, March 1927 – November 1928 '', ed. James T. Boulton and Margaret Boulton with Gerald M. Lacy, Cambridge University Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-521-00698-8}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VII, November 1928 – February 1930'', ed. Keith Sagar and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1993, {{ISBN|0-521-00699-6}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, with index, Volume VIII'', ed. James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-521-23117-5}}
*''The Selected Letters of D. H. Lawrence'', Compiled and edited by James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-521-40115-1}}
*''D. H. Lawrence's Letters to Bertrand Russell'', edited by Harry T. Moore, New York: Gotham Book Mart, 1948.
===Poetry collections===
*''Love Poems and others'' (1913)
*''Amores'' (1916)
*''Look! We have come through!'' (1917)
*''New Poems'' (1918)
*''Bay: a book of poems'' (1919)
*''Tortoises'' (1921)
*''[[Birds, Beasts and Flowers]]'' (1923)
*''The Collected Poems of D H Lawrence'' (1928)
*''Pansies'' (1929)
*''Nettles'' (1930)
*''The Triumph of the Machine'' (1930; one of [[Faber and Faber]]'s [[Ariel Poems (Faber)|Ariel Poems]] series, illustrated by [[Althea Willoughby]])
*''Last Poems'' (1932)
*''Fire and other poems'' (1940)
*''The Complete Poems of D.H. Lawrence'' (1964), ed. [[Vivian de Sola Pinto]] and F. Warren Roberts
*''The White Horse'' (1964)
*''D.H. Lawrence: Selected Poems'' (1972), ed. Keith Sagar.
*''Snake and Other Poems''
===Plays===
*''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'' (1913)
*''[[The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd]]'' (1914)
*''Touch and Go'' (1920)
*''David'' (1926)
*''The Fight for Barbara'' (1933)
*''A Collier's Friday Night'' (1934)
*''The Married Man'' (1940)
*''The Merry-Go-Round'' (1941)
*''The Complete Plays of D.H. Lawrence'' (1965)
*''The Plays'', edited by Hans-Wilhelm Schwarze and [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]], Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-24277-0}}
===Non-fiction books and pamphlets===
*''[[Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays]]'' (1914), edited by Bruce Steele, Cambridge University Press, 1985, {{ISBN|0-521-25252-0}}, Literary criticism and metaphysics
*''[[Movements in European History]]'' (1921), edited by Philip Crumpton, Cambridge University Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-521-26201-1}}, Originally published under the name of Lawrence H. Davison
*''[[Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious]]'' and ''[[Fantasia of the Unconscious]]'' (1921/1922), edited by Bruce Steele, Cambridge University Press, 2004 {{ISBN|0-521-32791-1}}
*''[[Studies in Classic American Literature]]'' (1923), edited by Ezra Greenspan, Lindeth Vasey and [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]], Cambridge University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-521-55016-5}}
*''[[Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays]]'' (1925), edited by Michael Herbert, Cambridge University Press, 1988, {{ISBN|0-521-26622-X}}
*''[[A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (1929) – Lawrence wrote this pamphlet to explain his novel.
*''[[My Skirmish With Jolly Roger]]'' (1929), Random House – expanded into ''[[A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''
*''[[Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation]]'' (1931), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1980, {{ISBN|0-521-22407-1}}
*''[[Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence]]'' (1936)
*''[[Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence]]'' (1968)
*''[[Introductions and Reviews]]'', edited by N. H. Reeve and [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]], Cambridge University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-521-83584-4}}
*''[[Late Essays and Articles]]'', edited by James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-521-58431-0}}
*''[[Selected Letters]]'', Oneworld Classics, 2008. Edited by James T. Boulton. {{ISBN|978-1-84749-049-0}}
*''[[The New Adelphi]]'', June-August 1930 issue, edited by John Middleton Murry. Includes, by Lawrence, ″Nottingham and the Mining Countryside,″ Nine Letters (1918–1919) to Katherine Mansfield, and Selected Passages from non-fiction works. Also includes essays on Lawrence by John Middleton Murry, [[Rebecca West]], [[Max Plowman]], [[Waldo Frank]], and others.
* Memoir of [[Maurice Magnus]], Keith Cushman, ed. 1 December 1987, Black Sparrow Press. {{ISBN|978-0-87685-716-8|0-87685-716-0}} This book includes the unexpurgated version of Lawrence's introduction to Magnus's ''Memoirs of the Foreign Legion'' and related material.
===Travel books===
*''Twilight in Italy and Other Essays'' (1916), edited by Paul Eggert, Cambridge University Press, 1994, {{ISBN|0-521-26888-5}}. ''Twilight in Italy'' paperback reissue, I.B. Tauris, 2015, {{ISBN|978-1-78076-965-3}}
*''[[Sea and Sardinia]]'' (1921), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-521-24275-4}}
*''[[Mornings in Mexico]] and Other Essays'' (1927), edited by Virginia Crosswhite Hyde, Cambridge University Press, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-521-65292-6}}.
*''[[Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays]]'' (1932), edited by Simonetta de Filippis, Cambridge University Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-521-25253-9}}; ''Etruscan Places'', New York: The Viking Press (1932).
===Works translated by Lawrence===
*[[Lev Shestov|Lev Isaakovich Shestov]] ''All Things are Possible'' (1920)
*[[Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin]] ''The Gentleman from San Francisco'' (1922), tr. with [[S. S. Koteliansky]]
*[[Giovanni Verga]] ''Mastro-Don Gesualdo'' (1923)
*[[Giovanni Verga]] ''Little Novels of Sicily'' (1925)
*[[Giovanni Verga]] ''Cavalleria Rusticana and other stories'' (1928)
*[[Antonio Francesco Grazzini]] (Lasca) ''The Story of Doctor Manente'' (1929)
===Manuscripts and early drafts of works===
*''Paul Morel'' (1911–12), edited by Helen Baron, Cambridge University Press, 2003 (first publication), {{ISBN|0-521-56009-8}}, an early manuscript version of ''Sons and Lovers''
*''The First Women in Love'' (1916–17) edited by [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] and Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1998, {{ISBN|0-521-37326-3}}
*''[[Mr Noon]]'' (unfinished novel) Parts I and II, edited by Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1984, {{ISBN|0-521-25251-2}}
*''The Symbolic Meaning: The Uncollected Versions of Studies in Classic American Literature'', edited by Armin Arnold, Centaur Press, 1962
*''Quetzalcoatl'' (1925), edited by Louis L Martz, W W Norton Edition, 1998, {{ISBN|0-8112-1385-4}}, Early draft of ''[[The Plumed Serpent]]''
*''The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels'', edited by Dieter Mehl and [[Christa Jansohn]], Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-47116-8}}.
===Paintings===
*''The Paintings of D. H. Lawrence'', London: Mandrake Press, 1929.
*''D. H. Lawrence's Paintings'', ed. Keith Sagar, London: Chaucer Press, 2003.
*''The Collected Art Works of D. H. Lawrence'', ed. Tetsuji Kohno, Tokyo: Sogensha, 2004.
{{Refend}}
==See also==
{{Portal bar|England|Literature|Biography}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
===Bibliographic resources===
*Paul Poplawski (1995) ''The Works of D.H. Lawrence: A Chronological Checklist'' (Nottingham, D H Lawrence Society)
*Paul Poplawski (1996) ''D.H. Lawrence: A Reference Companion'' (Westport, Conn., and London: Greenwood Press)
* {{cite book |last=Preston |first=Peter |title=A D.H. Lawrence Chronology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Aa_DAAAQBAJ |date=2016 |origyear=1994 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-23591-9}}
*W. Roberts and P. Poplawski (2001) ''A Bibliography of D.H. Lawrence''. 3rd ed. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
*Charles L. Ross and Dennis Jackson, eds. (1995) ''Editing D.H. Lawrence: New Versions of a Modern Author'' (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press)
*Keith Sagar (1979) ''D.H. Lawrence: A Calendar of His Works'' (Manchester, Manchester University Press)
*Keith Sagar (1982) ''D.H. Lawrence Handbook'' (Manchester, Manchester University Press)
===Biographical studies===
*[[Richard Aldington]] (1950) ''Portrait of a Genius, But ... (The Life of D. H. Lawrence, 1885–1930)'' (London: [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]])
*[[Arthur J. Bachrach]] ''D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico: "The Time is Different There"'', Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-8263-3496-1}}
*[[Dorothy Brett]] (1933). ''Lawrence and Brett: A Friendship'' (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company)
*[[Catherine Carswell]] (1932) ''The Savage Pilgrimage'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, reissued 1981)
*[[Frieda Lawrence]] (1934) ''Not I, But The Wind'' (Santa Fe: Rydal Press)
*E.T. (Jessie Chambers Wood) (1935) ''D. H. Lawrence: A Personal Record'' (Jonathan Cape)
*[[Mabel Dodge Luhan]] (1932) ''Lorenzo in Taos: D.H. Lawrence and Mabel Dodge Luhan'' (Sunstone Press, 2007 facsimile ed.)
*[[Witter Bynner]] (1951) ''Journey with Genius: Recollections and Reflections Concerning the D. H. Lawrences'' (John Day Company)
*Edward Nehls (1957–59) ''D. H. Lawrence: A Composite Biography, Volumes I-III'' (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press)
*[[Anaïs Nin]] (1963) ''D. H. Lawrence: An Unprofessional Study'' (Athens: Swallow Press)
*Emile Delavenay (1972) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Man and his Work: The Formative Years, 1885–1919'', trans. Katherine M. Delavenay (London: Heinemann)
*Joseph Foster (1972) ''D. H. Lawrence in Taos'' (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press)
*Harry T. Moore (1974) ''The Priest of Love: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'' (London: Heinemann)
*Harry T. Moore and Warren Roberts (1966) ''D. H. Lawrence and His World'' (New York: The Viking Press), largely photographs
*Harry T. Moore (1951, revised ed. 1964) ''D. H. Lawrence: His Life and Works'' (New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.)
*Paul Delany (1979) ''D. H. Lawrence's Nightmare: The Writer and his Circle in the Years of the Great War'' (Hassocks: Harvester Press)
*Joseph Davis (1989) ''D. H. Lawrence at Thirroul'' (Sydney, Australia: Collins)
*Joseph Davis (2022) ''D. H. Lawrence at Thirroul: One Hundred Years On'' (Thirroul, Australia: Wyewurry): https://www.academia.edu/.../D_H_LAWRENCE_AT_THIRROUL_ONE{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}...
*G.H. Neville (1981) ''A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence: The Betrayal'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Raymond T. Caffrey (1985) ''Lady Chatterley's Lover: The Grove Press Publication of the Unexpurgated Text'' (Syracuse University Library Associates Courier Volume XX)
*[[C.J. Stevens]] ''The Cornish Nightmare (D. H. Lawrence in Cornwall)'', Whitston Pub. Co., 1988, {{ISBN|0-87875-348-6}}, D. H. Lawrence and the war years
*[[C.J. Stevens]] ''Lawrence at Tregerthen (D. H. Lawrence)'', Whitston Pub. Co., 1988, {{ISBN|0-87875-348-6}}
*Michael W. Weithmann: Lawrence of Bavaria. The English Writer D. H. Lawrence in Bavaria and Beyond. Collected Essays. Reisen David Herbert Lawrences in Bayern und in die Alpenländer. Passau 2003 urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-596
*[[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] (1991) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Early Years, 1885–1912'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Mark Kinkead-Weekes (1996) ''D. H. Lawrence: Triumph to Exile, 1912–1922'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*[[Brenda Maddox]] (1994) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage'' (New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]). UK edition ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994.
*[[David Ellis (biographer)|David Ellis]] (1998) ''D. H. Lawrence: Dying Game, 1922–1930'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*David Ellis (2008) ''Death and the Author: How D. H. Lawrence Died, and Was Remembered'' (Oxford University Press)
*[[Geoff Dyer]] (1999) ''Out of Sheer Rage: Wrestling with D. H. Lawrence'' (New York: North Point Press)
*Keith Sagar (1980) ''The Life of D. H. Lawrence'' (New York: Pantheon)
*Keith Sagar (2003) ''The Life of D. H. Lawrence: An Illustrated Biography'' (London: Chaucer Press)
*[[Stephen Spender]], ed. (1973) ''D. H. Lawrence: Novelist, Poet, Prophet'' (New York: Harper & Row; London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson)
*[[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] (2005) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider'' (London: Penguin/Allen Lane)
*{{cite ODNB|id=34435|title=Lawrence, David Herbert|orig-year=2004|year=2006|last=Worthen|first=J.}}
*Michael Squires (2008) ''D. H. Lawrence and Frieda : A Portrait of Love and Loyalty'' (London: Carlton Publishing Group) {{ISBN|978-0-233-00232-3}}
*Richard Owen (2014) ''Lady Chatterley's Villa: DH Lawrence on the Italian Riviera'' (London: The Armchair Traveller)
*James C. Cowan (1970) ''D.H. Lawrence's American Journey: A Study in Literature and Myth'' (Cleveland: The Press of Case Western Reserve University)
*[[Knud Merrild]] (1938) ''A Poet And Two Painters: A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence'' (London: G. Routledge)
*[[Frances Wilson (writer)|Frances Wilson]] (2021) ''Burning Man: The Ascent of D. H. Lawrence'' (London: Bloomsbury Circus); ''Burning Man: The Trials of D. H. Lawrence'' (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
*Norman Page, ed. (1981) ''D.H. Lawrence: Interviews and Recollections'' (two volumes) (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble)
*[[Elaine Feinstein]] (1994) ''Lawrence's Women: The Intimate Life of D.H. Lawrence'' (London: HarperCollins Publishers); (1993) ''Lawrence and the Women: The Intimate Life of D.H. Lawrence'' (New York: HarperCollins Publishers)
*[[Geoffrey Trease]] (1973) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Phoenix and the Flame'' (London: Macmillan)
===Literary criticism===
*Keith Alldritt (1971) ''The Visual Imagination of D.H. Lawrence'', London: Edward Arnold
*Michael Bell (1992) ''D.H. Lawrence: Language and Being'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
*Richard Beynon, ed. (1997) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Rainbow and Women in Love'', Cambridge: Icon Books
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (1986) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Early Fiction'', London: Palgrave MacMillan
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (1991)'' D.H. Lawrence: The Early Philosophical Works: A Commentary'', London and Basingstoke: Macmillan
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (1992) ''Sons and Lovers'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (2001) ''Lawrence's England: The Major Fiction, 1913–1920'', London: Palgrave-MacMillan
*Keith Brown, ed. (1990) ''Rethinking Lawrence'', Milton Keynes: Open University Press
*[[Anthony Burgess]] (1985) ''Flame into Being: The Life And Work Of D.H. Lawrence'', London: William Heinemann
*Aidan Burns (1980) ''Nature and Culture in D.H. Lawrence'', London and Basingstoke: Macmillan
*L. D. Clark (1980) '' The Minoan Distance: The Symbolism of Travel in D.H. Lawrence'', Tucson: University of Arizona Press
*Colin Clarke (1969) ''River of Dissolution: D.H. Lawrence and English Romanticism'', London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
*Carol Dix (1980) ''D.H. Lawrence and Women'', London: Macmillan
*R.P. Draper (1970)'' D.H. Lawrence: The Critical Heritage'', London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
*[[David Ellis (biographer)|David Ellis]] and Howard Mills (1988) ''D. H. Lawrence's Non-Fiction: Art, Thought and Genre'' (Cambridge University Press)
*David Ellis (2015) ''Love and Sex in D. H. Lawrence'' (Clemson University Press)
*Anne Fernihough (1993) ''D.H. Lawrence: Aesthetics and Ideology'', Oxford: Clarendon Press
*Anne Fernihough, ed. (2001) ''The Cambridge Companion to D.H. Lawrence'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
*Peter Fjågesund (1991) ''The Apocalyptic World of D. H. Lawrence'', Norwegian University Press
*John R. Harrison (1966) ''The Reactionaries: Yeats, Lewis, Pound, Eliot, Lawrence: A Study of the Anti-Democratic Intelligentsia'', London: [[Schocken Books]]
*Frederick J. Hoffman and Harry T. Moore, eds. (1953), ''The Achievement of D.H. Lawrence'', Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
*[[Graham Holderness]] (1982) ''D. H. Lawrence: History, Ideology and Fiction'', Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
*[[Graham Hough]] (1956) ''The Dark Sun: A Study of D.H. Lawrence'', London: Duckworth
*John Humma (1990) ''Metaphor and Meaning in D.H. Lawrence's Later Novels,'' University of Missouri Press
*Virginia Hyde (1992), ''The Risen Adam: D.H. Lawrence's Revisionist Typology'', Pennsylvania State University Press
*Virginia Hyde and Earl Ingersoll, eds. (2010), ''"Terra Incognita": D.H. Lawrence at the Frontiers'', Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
*Earl Ingersoll and Virginia Hyde, eds. (2009), ''Windows to the Sun: D.H. Lawrence's "Thought-Adventures"'', Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
*[[Frank Kermode]] (1973) ''Lawrence'', London: Fontana
*Mark Kinkead-Weekes (1968) ''The Marble and the Statue: The Exploratory Imagination of D.H. Lawrence'', pp. 371–418, in Maynard Mack and Ian Gregor (eds.), ''Imagined Worlds: Essays on Some English Novels and Novelists in Honour of John Butt'' (London: Methuen and Co.)
*[[F.R. Leavis]] (1955) ''D.H. Lawrence: Novelist'' (London, Chatto and Windus)
*[[F.R. Leavis]] (1976) ''Thought, Words and Creativity: Art and Thought in D. H. Lawrence'', London, Chatto and Windus
*[[Sheila MacLeod]] (1985) ''Lawrence's Men and Women'' (London: Heinemann)
*Barbara Mensch (1991) '' D.H. Lawrence and the Authoritarian Personality'' (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan)
*[[Kate Millett]] (1970) ''Sexual Politics'' (Garden City, NY: Doubleday)
*Colin Milton (1987) ''Lawrence and Nietzsche: A Study in Influence'' (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press)
*Robert E Montgomery (1994) ''The Visionary D.H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Harry T. Moore, ed., ''A D.H. Lawrence Miscellany'', Southern Illinois University Press (1959) and William Heinemann Ltd (1961)
*Alastair Niven (1978) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Novels'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Cornelia Nixon (1986) ''Lawrence's Leadership Politics and the Turn Against Women'' (Berkeley: University of California Press)
*[[Joyce Carol Oates]] (1972–1982) [http://celestialtimepiece.com/2015/12/08/joyce-carol-oates-on-d-h-lawrence/ "Joyce Carol Oates on D.H. Lawrence"].
*[[Tony Pinkney]] (1990) ''D.H. Lawrence'' (London and New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf)
*[[Stephen Potter]] (1930) ''D.H. Lawrence: A First Study'' (London and New York: Jonathan Cape)
*Charles L. Ross (1991) ''Women in Love: A Novel of Mythic Realism'' (Boston, Mass.: Twayne)
*Keith Sagar (1966) ''The Art of D.H. Lawrence'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Keith Sagar (1985) ''D.H. Lawrence: Life into Art'' (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press)
*Keith Sagar (2008) ''D.H. Lawrence: Poet'' (Penrith, UK: Humanities-Ebooks)
*Daniel J. Schneider (1986) ''The Consciousness of D.H. Lawrence: An Intellectual Biography'' (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas)
*[[Herbert J. Seligmann]] (1924) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4091367&view=1up&seq=6&skin=2021 ''D.H. Lawrence: An American Interpretation'']
*Michael Squires and Keith Cushman (1990) ''The Challenge of D.H. Lawrence'' (Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press)
*Berend Klaas van der Veen (1983) ''The Development of D.H. Lawrence's Prose Themes, 1906-1915'' (Oldenzaal: Offsetdruk)
*Peter Widdowson, ed. (1992) ''D.H. Lawrence'' (London and New York: Longman)
*Michael Wilding (1980) 'Political Fictions' (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul)
*[[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] (1979) ''D.H. Lawrence and the Idea of the Novel'' (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan).
*T.R. Wright (2000) ''D.H. Lawrence and the Bible'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
{{Refend}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks |wikt=no |s=Author:David Herbert Lawrence |commons=Category:D. H. Lawrence |n=no |b=no |v=no}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/d-h-lawrence}}
*{{Gutenberg author |id=123}}
*[http://gutenberg.net.au/pages/lawrence.html Works by D. H. Lawrence] at [[Project Gutenberg Australia]] (includes content not in the public domain in some jurisdictions)
*{{Internet Archive author |sname=David Herbert Lawrence |sopt=tight}}
*{{Librivox author |id=34}}
*[http://century.guardian.co.uk/1910-1919/Story/0,6051,98988,00.html ''With the Guns'' article by Lawrence. ''Guardian'' 18 August 1914]. Accessed 2010-09-15
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171025220108/http://www.feedbooks.com/search?query=david+herbert+lawrence D. H. Lawrence free downloadable books including kindle editions at feedbooks]
*[[Nickolas Muray]]'s portrait sittings of D. H. Lawrence; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075736/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881680_ful.html#topofimage photo #1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075745/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881682_ful.html#topofimage photo#2], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075817/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881683A_ful.html#topofimage photo #3]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181110044907/http://dhlawrencereview.org/ The D. H. Lawrence Review], scholarly journal
===Lawrence archives===
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9g5007kq/ D. H. Lawrence Collection] at the [[Bancroft Library]]
*[https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00071 D. H. Lawrence Collection] and [https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00072 Frieda Lawrence Collection] at the [[Harry Ransom Center]]
*[https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/1968 D. H. Lawrence Papers], [https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/2330 Correspondence] and [https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/2003 Photography Collection] at the [[University of New Mexico]]
*[https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ManuscriptsandSpecialCollections/CollectionsInDepth/Lawrence/Introduction.aspx D. H. Lawrence Collection] at the [[University of Nottingham]]
*[https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/4078881 Alfred M. and Clarisse B. Hellman’s D.H. Lawrence collection] at [[Columbia University]]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/011055}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2010}}
{{D. H. Lawrence|state=expanded}}
{{Lady Chatterley's Lover}}
{{Modernism}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, D. H.}}
[[Category:D. H. Lawrence| ]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century English poets]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Nottingham]]
[[Category:Alumni of University of London Worldwide]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Mexico]]
[[Category:British psychological fiction writers]]
[[Category:English erotica writers]]
[[Category:English expatriates in Italy]]
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:English male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English male novelists]]
[[Category:English male short story writers]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:Imagists]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Modernist writers]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in art]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in literature]]
[[Category:People educated at Nottingham High School]]
[[Category:People from Eastwood, Nottinghamshire]]
[[Category:Proto-fascists]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in France]]
[[Category:Writers from Nottingham]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|English writer and poet (1885–1930)}}
{{About|the early-20th-century novelist|the American actor|David H. Lawrence XVII}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Lawrencian|Laurentian (disambiguation){{!}}Laurentian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = D. H. Lawrence
| image = D H Lawrence passport photograph.jpg
| caption = Lawrence in 1929
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = David Herbert Lawrence
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1885|9|11}}
| birth_place = [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire]], England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|3|2|1885|9|11}}
| death_place = [[Vence]], Alpes-Maritimes, France
| resting_place = [[D. H. Lawrence Ranch]], Taos, New Mexico, US
| alma_mater = [[University College Nottingham]]
| language = English
| period = 1907–1930
| genre = {{cslist|[[Modernism]]|[[philosophical fiction]]}}
| notableworks = {{Plainlist|
*'''Novels''': {{cslist|''[[Sons and Lovers]]''|''[[The Rainbow]]''|''[[Women in Love]]''|''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''}}
*'''Short stories''': {{cslist|"[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]"|"[[The Rocking-Horse Winner]]"}}}}
}}<!-- Influences and Influenced are parameters that are no longer supported for the Writer infobox, however do not delete them
| influences = [[Joseph Conrad]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[J. P. Jacobsen]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Letters of D. H. Lawrence|editor1-last=Roberts et.al|editor1-first=Warren|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1987|pages=507}}</ref> [[Herman Melville]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64flYHlI9cQC&pg=PA73 |title=The Visionary D. H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art |first=Montgomery |last= Robert |isbn=978-0-521-11242-0 |date=4 June 2009}}</ref> [[Arthur Schopenhauer]], [[Lev Shestov]],<ref>Park, See-Young:"Notes & Queries;Jun2004, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p165"</ref> [[Walt Whitman]]
| influenced = [[Charles Bukowski]], [[Anthony Burgess]], [[Ronald Verlin Cassill]], [[Aldous Huxley]], [[Doris Lessing]], [[Anaïs Nin]], [[Joyce Carol Oates]], [[Octavio Paz]], [[Dylan Thomas]], [[Tennessee Williams]]
-->
'''David Herbert Lawrence''' (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, literary critic, travel writer, essayist, and painter. His [[Literary modernism|modernist]] works reflect on [[modernity]], [[social alienation]] and [[industrialization]], while championing sexuality, vitality and instinct. Three of his most famous novels — ''[[The Rainbow]]'', ''[[Women in Love]]'', and ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' — were the subject of censorship trials for their radical portrayals of sexuality and use of explicit language.
Lawrence's opinions and artistic preferences earned him a controversial reputation; he endured contemporary persecution and public misrepresentation of his creative work throughout his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile that he described as a "savage enough pilgrimage".<ref>Warren Roberts, [[James Boulton|James T. Boulton]], and Elizabeth Mansfield (eds.), ''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence'', 2002, letter to J. M. Murry, 2 February 1923, p. 375</ref> At the time of his death, he had been variously scorned as tasteless, avant-garde, and a pornographer who had only garnered success for erotica; however, English novelist and critic [[E. M. Forster]], in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as "the greatest imaginative novelist of our generation".<ref>E. M. Forster, letter to ''[[The Nation and Atheneum]]'', 29 March 1930</ref> Later, English literary critic [[F. R. Leavis]] also championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness.
==Life and career==
===Early life===
[[File:DH Lawrence birthplace museum - geograph-1814503.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum]] in [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire]]]]
The fourth child of Arthur John Lawrence, a barely literate miner at [[Brinsley Colliery]], and Lydia Beardsall, a former [[pupil-teacher]] who had been forced to perform manual work in a lace factory due to her family's financial difficulties,<ref>{{cite web |last=Gillespie |first=Gavin |date=9 February 2024 |title=D.H. Lawrence - An illustrated biography. His life, death, and thereafter, containing unique photographs of the area where he was born. |url=https://www.dh-lawrence.co.uk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020604112958/http://www.lawrenceseastwood.co.uk/ |archive-date=4 June 2002 |access-date=24 May 2001 |website=DH Lawrence's Eastwood}}</ref> Lawrence spent his formative years in the [[coal mining]] town of [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]], [[Nottinghamshire]]. The house in which he was born, 8a Victoria Street, is now the [[D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum]]. His working-class background and the tensions between his parents provided the raw material for a number of his early works. Lawrence roamed out from an early age in the patches of open, hilly country and remaining fragments of [[Sherwood Forest]] in [[Felley]] woods to the north of [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]], beginning a lifelong appreciation of the natural world, and he often wrote about "the country of my heart"<ref>Letter to [[Rolf Gardiner]], 3 December 1926.</ref> as a setting for much of his fiction.
The young Lawrence attended Beauvale Board School<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jun/13/dh.lawrence D.H. Lawrence] (22 July 2008). ''TheGuardian.com''. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</ref> (now renamed Greasley Beauvale D. H. Lawrence Primary School in his honour) from 1891 until 1898, becoming the first local pupil to win a [[county council]] scholarship to [[Nottingham High School]] in nearby [[Nottingham]]. He left in 1901,<ref name="nottingham1">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/biography.aspx | title=Brief Biography of DH Lawrence - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> working for three months as a junior clerk at Haywood's [[Surgical instrument|surgical appliances]] factory, but a severe bout of [[pneumonia]] ended this career. During his convalescence he often visited Hagg's Farm, the home of the Chambers family, and began a friendship with Jessie Chambers, one of the daughters who would go on to inspire characters in his writing. An important aspect of this relationship with Chambers and other adolescent acquaintances was a shared love of books,<ref name="nottingham1908">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter1.aspx | title=Chapter 1: Background and youth: 1885-1908 - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> an interest that lasted throughout Lawrence's life.
[[File:DH Lawrence
=== Early career ===
In the autumn of 1908, the newly qualified Lawrence left his childhood home for London.<ref name="nottingham1908"/> While teaching in Davidson Road School, [[Croydon]], he continued writing.<ref name="nottingham2">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter2.aspx | title=Chapter 2: London and first publication: 1908-1912 - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> Jessie Chambers submitted some of Lawrence's early poetry to [[Ford Madox Ford]] (then known as Ford Hermann Hueffer), editor of the influential ''[[The English Review]]''.<ref name="nottingham2"/> Hueffer then commissioned the story ''[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]'' which, when published in that magazine, encouraged [[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]], a London publisher, to ask Lawrence for more work. His career as a professional author now began in earnest, although he taught for another year.
[[File:DH Lawrence plaque.jpg|thumb|upright|Commemorative plaque in Colworth Road, [[Croydon]], south London ]]
Shortly after the final proofs of his first published novel, ''[[The White Peacock]]'', appeared in 1910, Lawrence's mother died of [[cancer]]. The young man was devastated, and he was to describe the next few months as his "sick year". Due to Lawrence's close relationship with his mother, his grief became a major turning point in his life, just as the death of his character, Mrs. Morel, is a major turning point in his [[autobiographical novel]] ''[[Sons and Lovers]]'', a work that draws upon much of the writer's provincial upbringing. Essentially concerned with the emotional battle for Lawrence's love between his mother and "Miriam" (in reality Jessie Chambers), the novel also documents Lawrence's (through his protagonist, Paul) brief intimate relationship with Chambers that Lawrence had finally initiated in the Christmas of 1909, ending it in August 1910.<ref>Chambers Wood'','' Jessie (1935) ''D.H. Lawrence: A Personal Record.'' Jonathan Cape. p. 182.</ref> The hurt this caused Chambers and, finally, her portrayal in the novel, ended their friendship;<ref>Worthen, John (2005) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.'' Allen Lane. p. 132.</ref> after it was published, they never spoke again.
In 1911, Lawrence was introduced to [[Edward Garnett]], a [[publisher's reader]], who acted as a mentor and became a valued friend, as did his son [[David Garnett|David]]. Throughout these months, the young author revised ''Paul Morel'', the first draft of what became ''[[Sons and Lovers]]''. In addition, a teaching colleague, [[Helen Corke]], gave him access to her intimate diaries about an unhappy love affair, which formed the basis of ''[[The Trespasser (novel)|The Trespasser]]'', his second novel. In November 1911, Lawrence came down with a pneumonia again; once recovered, he abandoned teaching in order to become a full-time writer. In February 1912, he broke off an engagement to Louie Burrows, an old friend from his days in Nottingham and Eastwood.<ref name="nottingham2"/>
[[File:David Herbert Lawrence & Frieda von Richthofen 1914.jpg|thumb|left|D. H. Lawrence and [[Frieda Lawrence|Frieda]] in 1914]]
In March 1912, Lawrence met [[Frieda von Richthofen|Frieda Weekley (née von Richthofen)]], with whom he was to share the rest of his life. Six years his senior, she was married to [[Ernest Weekley]], his former [[Linguistics|modern languages]] professor at [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]], and had three young children. However, she and Lawrence [[elopement|eloped]] and left England for Frieda's parents' home in [[Metz]], a [[Garrison|garrison town]] (then in Germany) near the disputed border with France. Lawrence experienced his first encounter with [[France–Germany relations|tensions between Germany and France]] when he was arrested and accused of being a British [[Espionage|spy]], before being released following an intervention from Frieda's father. After this incident, Lawrence left for a small hamlet to the south of [[Munich]] where he was joined by Frieda for their "honeymoon", later memorialised in the series of love poems titled ''Look! We Have Come Through'' (1917).
During 1912 Lawrence wrote the first of his so-called "mining plays", ''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'', written in [[East Midlands English|Nottingham dialect]]. The play was not performed or even published in Lawrence's lifetime.
[[File:D.H. Lawrence, 29 November 1915.jpg|thumb|upright|Photograph of Lawrence by [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]], 29 November 1915]]
From Germany, they walked southwards across the [[Alps]] to Italy, a journey that was recorded in the first of his travel books, a collection of linked essays titled ''Twilight in Italy'' and the unfinished novel, ''[[Mr Noon]]''.<ref>One of the eight chapters in ''Windswept: Walking the Paths of Trailblazing Women'', by [[Annabel Abbs]] ([[Tin House]] Books, 2021), is about Frieda Lawrence.</ref>
During his stay in Italy, Lawrence completed the final version of ''Sons and Lovers''. Having become tired of the manuscript, he allowed Edward Garnett to cut roughly 100 pages from the text. The novel was published in 1913 and hailed as a vivid portrait of the realities of working class provincial life.
Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain in 1913 for a short visit, during which they encountered and befriended [[Literary criticism|critic]] [[John Middleton Murry]] and [[New Zealanders in the United Kingdom|New Zealand-born]] short story writer [[Katherine Mansfield]].
Also during that year, on 28 July, Lawrence met the Welsh tramp poet [[W. H. Davies]], whose nature poetry he initially admired. Davies collected [[Autograph|autographs]], and was keen to have Lawrence's. [[Georgian poetry]] publisher [[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]] secured this for Davies, probably as part of a signed poem, and also arranged a meeting between the poet and Lawrence and his wife. Despite his early enthusiasm for Davies' work, Lawrence's view cooled after reading ''Foliage''; whilst in Italy, he also disparaged ''Nature Poems'', calling them "so thin, one can hardly feel them".<ref>Stonesifer, Richard James (1963), ''W. H. Davies: A Critical Biography''. Jonathan Cape.</ref>
After the couple returned to Italy, staying in a cottage in Fiascherino on the [[Gulf of Spezia]] Lawrence wrote the first draft of what would later be transformed into two of his best-known novels, ''[[The Rainbow]]'' and ''[[Women in Love]]'', in which unconventional female characters take centre stage. Both novels were highly controversial and were [[Book censorship|banned]] on publication in the UK for [[obscenity]], although ''[[Women in Love]]'' was banned only temporarily.
{{multiple image|align=right
| footer = Lawrence's house in [[Camden, London]] in 1915, with a close up of the commemorative [[blue plaque]] at the address
| width =
| image1 = D H Lawrence - 1 Byron Villas, Vale of Health, Hampstead, London, NW3 1AR.jpg
| width1 = 118
| image2 = D.H. Lawrence (4624457121).jpg
| width2 = 210
}}
''The Rainbow'' follows three generations of a Nottinghamshire farming family from the pre-industrial to the [[industrial age]], focusing particularly on a daughter, Ursula, and her aspiration for a more fulfilling life than that of becoming a housebound wife.<ref>Worthen, John (2005) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.'' Allen Lane. p. 159.</ref> ''Women in Love'' delves into the complex relationships between four major characters, including the sisters Ursula and Gudrun. Both novels explored grand themes and ideas that challenged conventional thought on [[the arts]], politics, economic growth, gender, sexual experience, friendship and marriage. Lawrence's views as expressed in the novels are now thought to be far ahead of his time. The frank and relatively straightforward manner in which he wrote about [[sexual attraction]] was ostensibly why the books were initially banned, in particular the mention of same-sex attraction; Ursula has an affair with a woman in ''The Rainbow'', and there is an undercurrent of attraction between the two principal male characters in ''Women in Love''.
While working on ''Women in Love'' in [[Cornwall]] during 1916–17, Lawrence developed a strong relationship with a Cornish farmer named William Henry Hocking, which some scholars believe was possibly romantic, especially considering Lawrence's fascination with the theme of homosexuality in ''Women in Love''.<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage.'' New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 244 {{ISBN|0-671-68712-3}}</ref> Although Lawrence never made it clear their relationship was sexual, Frieda believed it was.<ref>Spalding, Francis (1997), ''[[Duncan Grant]]: A Biography''. p. 169: "Lawrence's views [i.e., warning [[David Garnett]] against homosexual tendencies], as [[Quentin Bell]] was the first to suggest and S. P. Rosenbaum has argued conclusively, were stirred by a dread of his own homosexual susceptibilities, which are revealed in his writings, notably the cancelled prologue to ''Women in Love.''"</ref> In a letter written during 1913, he writes, "I should like to know why nearly every man that approaches greatness tends to homosexuality, whether he admits it or not...."<ref>Letter to Henry Savage, 2 December 1913</ref> He is also quoted as saying, "I believe the nearest I've come to perfect love was with a young coal-miner when I was about 16."<ref>Quoted in ''My Life and Times, Octave Five, 1918–1923'' by [[Compton MacKenzie]] pp. 167–168</ref> However, given his enduring and robust relationship with Frieda it is likely that he was primarily "[[bi-curious]]", and whether he actually ever had homosexual relations remains an open question.<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence.'' Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 276 {{ISBN|978-1-85619-243-9}}</ref>
Eventually, Frieda obtained her divorce from Ernest Weekley. Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain shortly before the outbreak of [[World War I]] and were legally married on 13 July 1914. During this time, Lawrence worked with London intellectuals and writers such as [[Dora Marsden]], [[T. S. Eliot]], [[Ezra Pound]], and others connected with [[The Egoist (periodical)|''The Egoist'']], an important [[Literary modernism|Modernist]] [[literary magazine]] that published some of his work. Lawrence also worked on adapting [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]]'s ''[[Manifesto of Futurism]]'' into English.<ref>See the chapter "Rooms in the ''Egoist'' Hotel," and esp. p. 53, in ''Clarke, Bruce (1996). Dora Marsden and Early Modernism: Gender, Individualism, Science.'' U of Michigan P. pp. 137–72. {{ISBN|978-0-472-10646-2}}.</ref> He also met the young Jewish artist [[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]], with whom he became good friends for a time; Lawrence would later express his admiration for Gertler's 1916 anti-war painting, [[Merry-Go-Round (Gertler painting)|''Merry-Go-Round'']] as "the best ''modern'' picture I have seen. . . it is great and true."<ref>Haycock, (2009) ''A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War.'' p. 257</ref> Gertler would inspire the character Loerke (a sculptor) in ''Women in Love''.
Frieda's German parentage and Lawrence's open contempt for [[militarism]] caused them to be viewed with suspicion and live in near-destitution during wartime Britain; this may have contributed to ''[[The Rainbow]]'' being suppressed and investigated for its alleged [[obscenity]] in 1915.<ref>Worthen, John (2005) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.'' Allen Lane. p.164</ref> Later, the couple were accused of spying and signaling to [[U-boat|German submarines]] off the coast of [[Cornwall]], where they lived at [[Zennor]]. During this period, Lawrence finished his final draft of ''[[Women in Love]]''. Not published until 1920,<ref name="newyorker.com">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/12/19/the-deep-end|title=The Deep End|first=Benjamin|last=Kunkel|magazine=The New Yorker|date=12 December 2005}}</ref> it is now widely recognized as a novel of great dramatic force and intellectual subtlety.
In late 1917, after constant harassment by the armed forces and other authorities, Lawrence was forced to leave Cornwall at three days’ notice under the terms of the [[Defence of the Realm Act]]. This persecution was later described in an autobiographical chapter of his novel [[Kangaroo (novel)|''Kangaroo'']] (1923). Lawrence spent a few months of early 1918 in the small, rural village of [[Hermitage, Berkshire|Hermitage]] near [[Newbury, Berkshire]]. Subsequently, he lived for just under a year (mid-1918 to early 1919) at Mountain Cottage, [[Middleton-by-Wirksworth]], [[Derbyshire]], where he wrote one of his most poetic short stories, ''[[Wintry Peacock]]''. Until 1919, poverty compelled him to shift from address to address.
During this period, he barely survived a severe attack of [[influenza]].<ref name="newyorker.com"/>
===Exile===
After the wartime years, Lawrence began what he termed his "savage pilgrimage", a time of voluntary exile from his native country. He escaped from Britain at the earliest practical opportunity and returned only twice for brief visits, spending the remainder of his life travelling with Frieda. This [[wanderlust]] took him to Australia, Italy, [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] ([[Sri Lanka]]), the United States, Mexico and the [[Southern France|South of France]]. Abandoning Britain in November 1919, they headed south, first to the [[Abruzzo]] region in central Italy and then onwards to [[Capri]] and the Fontana Vecchia in [[Taormina]], Sicily. From Sicily they made brief excursions to [[Sardinia]], [[Monte Cassino]], [[Malta]], Northern Italy, Austria and Southern Germany.
Many of these places appear in Lawrence's writings, including ''[[The Lost Girl]]'' (for which he won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction), ''[[Aaron's Rod (novel)|Aaron's Rod]]'' and the fragment titled ''[[Mr Noon]]'' (the first part of which was published in the Phoenix anthology of his works, and the entirety in 1984). He wrote [[novellas]] such as ''[[The Captain's Doll]]'', ''[[The Fox (novella)|The Fox]]'' and ''[[The Ladybird]]''. In addition, some of his short stories were issued in the collection ''[[England, My England and Other Stories]]''. During these years Lawrence also wrote poems about the natural world in ''[[Birds, Beasts and Flowers]]''.
Lawrence is often considered one of the finest travel writers in English. His travel books include ''Twilight in Italy'', ''Etruscan Places'', ''[[Mornings in Mexico]]'', and ''[[Sea and Sardinia]]'', which describes a brief journey he undertook in January 1921 and focuses on the life of [[Sardinia]]’s people.<ref>Luciano Marrocu, ''Introduzione'' to Mare e Sardegna (Ilisso 2000); [[Giulio Angioni]], ''Pane e formaggio e altre cose di Sardegna'' (Zonza 2002)</ref> Less well known is his eighty-four page introduction to [[Maurice Magnus]]'s 1924 ''Memoirs of the Foreign Legion'',<ref>Maurice Magnus. ''Memoirs of the Foreign Legion'' (Martin Secker, 1924; Alfred A. Knopf, 1925), introduction by D. H. Lawrence. Introduction reprinted in ''Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence'' (The Viking Press, Inc. 1970); in [https://archive.org/details/memoirofmauricem00lawr Lawrence, D. H., ''Memoir of Maurice Magnus'', Cushman, Keith, ed., Black Sparrow Press, 1987]; in ''Introduction and Reviews'' in ''The Cambridge Edition of the Works of D. H. Lawrence'' (2004); and in ''Life With a Capital L'', [[Penguin Group|Penguin Books Limited]] (also published by [[New York Review Books]] as ''The Bad Side of Books''), essays by D. H. Lawrence chosen and introduced by [[Geoff Dyer]] (2019).</ref> in which Lawrence recalls his visit to the monastery of [[Monte Cassino]].
His other nonfiction books include two responses to [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] [[psychoanalysis]], ''Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious'' and ''Fantasia of the Unconscious''; ''Apocalypse and Other Writings on Revelation''; and ''[[Movements in European History]]'', a school textbook published under a pseudonym, is a reflection of Lawrence's blighted reputation in Britain.
===Later life and career===
In late February 1922, the Lawrences left Europe intending to migrate to the United States. They sailed in an easterly direction, however, first to Ceylon and then on to Australia. During a short residence in [[Darlington, Western Australia|Darlington]], Western Australia, Lawrence met local writer [[Mollie Skinner]], with whom he coauthored the novel ''[[The Boy in the Bush]]''. This stay was followed by a brief stop in the small coastal town of [[Thirroul, New South Wales|Thirroul]], New South Wales, during which Lawrence completed [[Kangaroo (novel)|''Kangaroo'']], a novel about local fringe politics that also explored his wartime experiences in Cornwall.<ref>Joseph Davis, D.H. Lawrence at Thirroul, Collins, Sydney, 1989</ref>
The Lawrences finally arrived in the United States in September 1922. Lawrence had several times discussed the idea of setting up a [[utopian community]] with several of his friends, having written in 1915 to Willie Hopkin, his old [[Socialism|socialist]] friend from Eastwood: <blockquote>"I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency … a place where one can live simply, apart from this civilisation … [with] a few other people who are also at peace and happy and live, and understand and be free.…"<ref>Letter to Willie Hopkin, January 18th 1915</ref></blockquote>It was with this in mind that they made for [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]], New Mexico, a [[Taos Pueblo|Pueblo]] town where many white [[Bohemianism|"bohemians"]] had settled, including [[Mabel Dodge Luhan]], a prominent socialite. Here they eventually acquired the 160-acre (0.65 km<sup>2</sup>) Kiowa Ranch, now called the [[D. H. Lawrence Ranch]], in 1924 from Dodge Luhan in exchange for the manuscript of ''The Plumed Serpent''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mabel: A Biography of Mabel Dodge Luhan|last=Hahn|first=Emily|date=1977|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=978-0395253496|location=Boston|page=[https://archive.org/details/mabelbiographyof00hahn/page/180 180]|oclc=2934093|url=https://archive.org/details/mabelbiographyof00hahn/page/180}}</ref> The couple stayed in New Mexico for two years, with extended visits to [[Lake Chapala]] and [[Oaxaca]] in Mexico. While Lawrence was in New Mexico, he was visited by [[Aldous Huxley]].
Editor and book designer [[Merle Armitage]] wrote a book about D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico. ''Taos Quartet in Three Movements'' was originally to appear in Flair Magazine, but the magazine folded before its publication. This short work describes the tumultuous relationship of D. H. Lawrence, his wife Frieda, artist [[Dorothy Brett]], and Mabel Dodge Sterne Luhan. Armitage took it upon himself to print 16 hardcover copies of this work for his friends. [[Richard Pousette-Dart]] executed the drawings for ''Taos Quartet'', published in 1950.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kYhAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Taos%20Quartet%22%20pousette-dart%20copyright&pg=RA1-PA10 | title=Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series: 1951| year=1952}}</ref>
While in the US, Lawrence rewrote and published ''[[Studies in Classic American Literature]]'', a set of critical essays begun in 1917 and described by [[Edmund Wilson]] as "one of the few first-rate books that have ever been written on the subject".<ref>Wilson, Edmund, ''The Shock of Recognition''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1955, p. 906.</ref> These interpretations, with their insights into [[symbol]]ism, [[Transcendentalism|New England Transcendentalism]] and the [[Puritans|Puritan sensibility]], were a significant factor in the revival of the reputation of [[Herman Melville]] during the early 1920s. In addition, Lawrence completed new fictional works, including ''[[The Boy in the Bush]]'', ''[[The Plumed Serpent]]'', ''[[St Mawr]]'', ''[[The Woman who Rode Away]]'', [[The Princess (story)|''The Princess'']] and other short stories. He also produced the collection of linked [[Travel literature|travel essays]] that became ''[[Mornings in Mexico]]''.
A brief voyage to England at the end of 1923 was a failure and Lawrence soon returned to Taos, convinced his life as an author now lay in the United States. However, in March 1925 he suffered a near fatal attack of [[malaria]] and [[tuberculosis]] while on a third visit to [[Mexico]]. Although he eventually recovered, the diagnosis of his condition obliged him to return once again to Europe. He was dangerously ill and poor health limited his ability to travel for the remainder of his life. The Lawrences made their home in a villa in Northern Italy near [[Florence]], where he wrote [[The Virgin and the Gypsy|''The Virgin and the Gipsy'']] and the various versions of ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (1928). The latter book, his last major novel, was initially published in private editions in Florence and Paris and reinforced his notoriety. A story set once more in Nottinghamshire about a cross-class relationship between a Lady and her gamekeeper, it broke new ground in describing their sexual relationship in explicit yet literary language. Lawrence hoped to challenge the British taboos around sex: to enable men and women "to think sex, fully, completely, honestly, and cleanly."<ref>''<nowiki>A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover</nowiki> and Other Essays'' (1961). Penguin, p. 89</ref> Lawrence responded robustly to those who took offense, even publishing satirical poems (''Pansies'' and ''Nettles'') as well as a [[Tract (literature)|tract]] on ''Pornography and Obscenity''.
The return to Italy allowed him to renew old friendships; during these years he was particularly close to [[Aldous Huxley]], who was to edit the first collection of Lawrence's letters after his death, along with a memoir.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Poller |first=Jake |date=January 2010 |title=The philosophy of life-worship: D.H. Lawrence and Aldous Huxley |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A243877849/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d06fd8eb |journal=D.H. Lawrence Review |volume=34-35 |via=Gale}}</ref> After Lawrence visited local archaeological sites (particularly old tombs) with artist [[Earl Brewster]] in April 1927, his collected essays inspired by the excursions were published as ''[[Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays|Sketches of Etruscan Places]]'', a book that contrasts the lively past with [[Benito Mussolini]]'s fascism.
Lawrence continued to produce short stories and other works of fiction such as ''[[The Escaped Cock]]'' (also published as ''The Man Who Died''), an unorthodox reworking of the story of Jesus Christ's [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]].
During his final years, Lawrence renewed his serious interest in oil painting. Official harassment persisted and an exhibition of his paintings at the Warren Gallery in London was raided by the police in mid 1929 and several works were confiscated.
===Death===
[[File:DH Lawrence floor stone, Westminster Abbey.jpg|thumb|D. H. Lawrence's memorial stone in [[Westminster Abbey]], London]]
Lawrence continued to write despite his failing health. In his last months he wrote numerous poems, reviews and essays, as well as a robust defence of his last novel against those who sought to suppress it. His last significant work was a reflection on the [[Book of Revelation]], ''Apocalypse''. After being discharged from a [[sanatorium]], he died on 2 March 1930<ref name="nottingham1"/> at the Villa Robermond in [[Vence]], France, from complications of tuberculosis. Frieda commissioned an elaborate headstone for his grave bearing a mosaic of his adopted emblem of the [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]].<ref>Squires, Michael (2008) ''D. H. Lawrence and Frieda.'' Andre Deutsch</ref> After Lawrence's death, Frieda lived with the couple's friend [[Angelo Ravagli]] on their [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]] ranch and eventually married him in 1950. In 1935, Ravagli arranged, on Frieda's behalf, to have Lawrence's body exhumed and cremated. However, upon boarding the ship he learned he would have to pay taxes on the ashes, so he instead spread them in the Mediterranean, a more preferable resting place, in his opinion, than a concrete block in a chapel. The ashes brought back were dust and earth and remain interred on the Taos ranch in a small chapel amid the mountains of [[New Mexico]].<ref>Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 26982-26983). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</ref>
==Written works==
===Novels===
Lawrence is best known for his novels ''[[Sons and Lovers]]'', ''[[The Rainbow]]'', ''[[Women in Love]]'' and ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''. In these books, Lawrence explores the possibilities for life within an industrial setting. In particular Lawrence is concerned with the nature of relationships that can be had within such a setting. Though often classed as a [[Literary realism|realist]], Lawrence in fact uses his characters to give form to his personal philosophy. His depiction of sexuality, seen as shocking when his work was first published in the early 20th century, has its roots in this highly personal way of thinking and being.
Lawrence was very interested in the [[Haptic communication|sense of touch]], and his focus on physical intimacy has its roots in a desire to restore an emphasis on the body and rebalance it with what he perceived to be Western civilization's overemphasis on the mind; in a 1929 essay, "Men Must Work and Women As Well," he wrote:<blockquote>"Now then we see the trend of our civilization, in terms of human feeling and human relation. It is, and there is no denying it, towards a greater and greater abstraction from the physical, towards a further and further physical separateness between men and women, and between individual and individual.... It only remains for some men and women, individuals, to try to get back their bodies and preserve the other flow of warmth, affection and physical unison. There is nothing else to do." ''Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D.H. Lawrence'', ed. Warren Roberts and Harry T. Moore (New York: The Viking Press, 1968), pp. 589, 591.</blockquote>In his later years Lawrence developed the potentialities of the short novel form in ''[[St Mawr]]'', ''[[The Virgin and the Gypsy]]'' and ''[[The Escaped Cock]]''.
===Short stories===
Lawrence's best-known short stories include "[[The Captain's Doll]]", "[[The Fox (short story)|The Fox]]", "[[The Ladybird]]", "[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]", "[[The Princess (story)|The Princess]]", "[[The Rocking-Horse Winner]]", "[[St Mawr]]", "[[The Virgin and the Gypsy]]" and "[[The Woman who Rode Away]]". (''The Virgin and the Gypsy'' was published as a novella after he died.) Among his most praised collections is ''[[The Prussian Officer and Other Stories]]'', published in 1914. His collection ''The Woman Who Rode Away and Other Stories'', published in 1928, develops the theme of leadership that Lawrence also explored in novels such as ''Kangaroo'' and ''[[The Plumed Serpent]]'' and the story ''Fanny and Annie''.
===Poetry===
Lawrence wrote almost 800 poems, most of them relatively short. His first poems were written in 1904 and two of his poems, "Dreams Old" and "Dreams Nascent", were among his earliest published works in ''The English Review''. It has been claimed that his early works clearly place him in the school of [[Georgian poets]], and indeed some of his poems appear in the ''Georgian Poetry'' anthologies. However, [[James Reeves (writer)|James Reeves]] in his book on Georgian Poetry,<ref>''Georgian Poetry'', James Reeves, pub. Penguin Books (1962), ASIN: B0000CLAHA</ref> notes that Lawrence was never really a Georgian poet. Indeed, later critics<ref>''The New Poetry'', Michael Hulse, Kennedy & David Morley, pub. Bloodacre Books (1993), {{ISBN|978-1852242442}}</ref> contrast Lawrence's energy and dynamism with the complacency of Georgian poetry.
Just as the First World War dramatically changed the work of many of the poets who saw service in the trenches, Lawrence's own work dramatically changed, during his years in Cornwall. During this time, he wrote [[free verse]] influenced by [[Walt Whitman]].<ref>M. Gwyn Thomas, (1995) "Whitman in the British Isles", in ''Walt Whitman and the World'', ed. Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom. University of Iowa Press. p.16</ref> He set forth his manifesto for much of his later verse in the introduction to ''New Poems''. "We can get rid of the stereotyped movements and the old hackneyed associations of sound or sense. We can break down those artificial conduits and canals through which we do so love to force our utterance. We can break the stiff neck of habit […] But we cannot positively prescribe any motion, any rhythm."
Lawrence rewrote some of his early poems when they were collected in 1928. This was in part to fictionalise them, but also to remove some of the artifice of his first works. As he put it himself: "A young man is afraid of his demon and puts his hand over the demon's mouth sometimes and speaks for him."<ref>''Collected Poems'' (London: Martin Secker, 1928), pp.27–8</ref> His best-known poems are probably those dealing with nature such as those in the collection ''Birds, Beasts and Flowers'', including the Tortoise poems, and "Snake", one of his most frequently anthologised, displays some of his most frequent concerns: those of man's modern distance from nature and subtle hints at religious themes.<blockquote><poem>
In the deep, strange-scented shade of the great dark carob tree
I came down the steps with my pitcher
And must wait, must stand and wait, for there he was at the trough before me.
(From "Snake")
</poem></blockquote>
''Look! We have come through!'' is his other work from the period of the end of the war and it reveals another important element common to much of his writings; his inclination to lay himself bare in his writings. [[Ezra Pound]] in his ''Literary Essays'' complained of Lawrence's interest in his own "disagreeable sensations" but praised him for his "low-life narrative." This is a reference to Lawrence's dialect poems akin to the Scots poems of [[Robert Burns]], in which he reproduced the language and concerns of the people of [[Nottinghamshire]] from his youth.
<blockquote><poem>
Tha thought tha wanted ter be rid o' me.
'Appen tha did, an' a'.
Tha thought tha wanted ter marry an' se
If ter couldna be master an' th' woman's boss,
Tha'd need a woman different from me,
An' tha knowed it; ay, yet tha comes across
Ter say goodbye! an' a'.
(From "The Drained Cup")
</poem></blockquote>
Although Lawrence's works after his Georgian period are clearly in the modernist tradition, they were often very different from those of many other [[modernist poetry|modernist]] writers, such as Pound. Pound's poems were often austere, with every word carefully worked on. Lawrence felt all poems had to be personal sentiments, and that a sense of spontaneity was vital. He called one collection of poems ''Pansies'', partly for the simple ephemeral nature of the verse, but also as a pun on the French word ''panser'', to dress or bandage a wound. "Pansies", as he made explicit in the introduction to ''New Poems'', is also a pun on [[Blaise Pascal]]'s ''[[Pensées]]''. "The Noble Englishman" and "Don't Look at Me" were removed from the official edition of ''Pansies'' on the grounds of obscenity, which wounded him. Even though he lived most of the last ten years of his life abroad, his thoughts were often still on England. Published in 1930, just eleven days after his death, his last work ''Nettles'' was a series of bitter, nettling but often wry attacks on the moral climate of England.
<blockquote><poem>
O the stale old dogs who pretend to guard
the morals of the masses,
how smelly they make the great back-yard
wetting after everyone that passes.
(From "The Young and Their Moral Guardians")
</poem></blockquote>
Two notebooks of Lawrence's unprinted verse were posthumously published as ''Last Poems'' and ''More Pansies''. These contain two of Lawrence's most famous poems about death, "Bavarian Gentians" and "The Ship of Death".
===Literary criticism===
Lawrence's criticism of other authors often provides insight into his own thinking and writing. Of particular note is his ''Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays''.<ref>''The Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature''. ed. Marion Wynne Davies (1990). Prentice Hall., p. 667</ref> In ''[[Studies in Classic American Literature]]'' Lawrence's responses to writers like [[Walt Whitman]], [[Herman Melville]] and [[Edgar Allan Poe]] also shed light on his craft.<ref>"D. H. Lawrence's Discovery of American Literature" by A. Banerjee, ''Sewanee Review'', Volume 119, Number 3, Summer 2011, pp. 469–475</ref><ref>[[A. O. Scott]], [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/29/books/review/dh-lawrence-american-classics-literature-soul.html "Nobody Ever Read American Literature Like This Guy Did"], ''The New York Times'', 29 July 2023.</ref>
===Plays===
Lawrence wrote ''A Collier's Friday Night'' about 1906–1909, though it was not published until 1939 and not performed until 1965. He wrote ''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'' in 1913, though it was not staged until 1967, when it was well received. In 1911 he wrote ''[[The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd]]'', which he revised in 1914; it was staged in the US in 1916 and in the UK in 1920, in an amateur production. It was filmed in 1976; an adaptation was shown on television (BBC 2) in 1995. He also wrote ''Touch and Go'' towards the end of [[World War I]], and his last play, ''David'', in 1925.
==Painting==
D. H. Lawrence had a lifelong interest in painting, which became one of his main forms of expression in his last years. His paintings were exhibited at the Warren Gallery in London's [[Mayfair]] in 1929. The exhibition was extremely controversial, with many of the 13,000 people visiting mainly to gawk. The ''[[Daily Express]]'' claimed, "''Fight with an Amazon'' represents a hideous, bearded man holding a fair-haired woman in his lascivious grip while wolves with dripping jaws look on expectantly, [this] is frankly indecent".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_V4xBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|title=Lake Garda: Gateway to D. H. Lawrence's Voyage to the Sun. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2013|date=13 November 2013|isbn=9781443854139|last1=Ceramella|first1=Nick|publisher=Cambridge Scholars }}</ref> However, several artists and art experts praised the paintings. [[Gwen John]], reviewing the exhibition in [[Everyman (magazine)|''Everyman'']], spoke of Lawrence's "stupendous gift of self-expression" and singled out ''The Finding of Moses'', ''Red Willow Trees'' and ''Boccaccio Story'' as "pictures of real beauty and great vitality". Others singled out ''Contadini'' for special praise. After a complaint, the police seized thirteen of the twenty-five paintings, including ''Boccaccio Story'' and ''Contadini''. Despite declarations of support from many writers, artists, and [[Member of Parliament#United Kingdom|members of Parliament]], Lawrence was able to recover his paintings only by agreeing never to exhibit them in England again. Years after his death, his widow Frieda asked artist and friend [[Joseph Glasco]] to arrange an exhibition of Lawrence’s paintings, which he discussed with his gallerist Catherine Viviano.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |title=Joseph Glasco: The Fifteenth American |publisher=Cacklegoose Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781611688542 |location=London |pages=127, 139 |language=English}}</ref> The largest collection of the paintings is now at La Fonda de Taos<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lafondataos.com/activity/d-h-lawrence-forbidden-art/|title=Art Galleries in Taos NM | Hotel La Fonda de Taos}}</ref> hotel in [[Taos, New Mexico]]. Several others, including ''Boccaccio Story'' and ''Resurrection'', are at the Humanities Research Centre of the [[University of Texas at Austin]].
==''Lady Chatterley'' trial==
{{Main|R v Penguin Books Ltd.}}
A heavily censored abridgement of ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' was published in the United States by [[Alfred A. Knopf]] in 1928. This edition was posthumously reissued in paperback in the United States by both Signet Books and [[Penguin Books]] in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flashbak.com/twenty-five-lady-chatterleys-lover-covers-369030/|title=1946 Penguin and Signet book covers|date=3 December 2016}}</ref> The first unexpurgated edition of ''Lady Chatterley’s Lover'' was printed in July 1928 in Florence by a small publisher, [[Giuseppe Orioli]]: 1000 copies in a very good print, according D. H. Lawrence, who wrote a thank-you poem to Orioli. When the unexpurgated edition of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959|Obscene Publications Act of 1959]] became a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law. The 1959 act (introduced by [[Roy Jenkins]]) had made it possible for publishers to escape conviction if they could show that a work was of literary merit. One of the objections was to the frequent use of the word "fuck" and its derivatives and the word "[[cunt]]".
Various academic critics and experts of diverse kinds, including [[E. M. Forster]], [[Helen Gardner (critic)|Helen Gardner]], [[Richard Hoggart]], [[Raymond Williams]] and [[Norman St John-Stevas]], were called as witnesses, and the verdict, delivered on 2 November 1960, was "not guilty". This resulted in a far greater degree of freedom for publishing explicit material in the UK. The prosecution was ridiculed for being out of touch with changing social norms when the chief prosecutor, [[Mervyn Griffith-Jones]], asked if it were the kind of book "you would wish your wife or servants to read".
The Penguin second edition, published in 1961, contains a publisher's dedication, which reads: "For having published this book, Penguin Books were prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act, 1959 at the [[Old Bailey]] in London from 20 October to 2 November 1960. This edition is therefore dedicated to the twelve jurors, three women and nine men, who returned a verdict of 'Not Guilty' and thus made D. H. Lawrence's last novel available for the first time to the public in the United Kingdom."
==Philosophy and politics==
Despite often writing about political, spiritual and philosophical matters, Lawrence was essentially contrary by nature and hated to be pigeonholed.<ref>Worthen, John (2005), ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider'', Allen Lane, p. 171. {{ISBN| 978-0141007311}}</ref> Critics such as [[Terry Eagleton]]<ref>Eagleton, Terry (2005), ''The English Novel: An Introduction'', Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 258–260. {{ISBN| 978-1405117074}}</ref> have argued that Lawrence was [[right-wing]] due to his lukewarm attitude to democracy, which he intimated would tend towards the leveling down of society and the subordination of the individual to the sensibilities of the "average" man. In his letters to [[Bertrand Russell]] around 1915, Lawrence voiced his opposition to enfranchising the working class and his hostility to the burgeoning labour movements, and disparaged the [[French Revolution]], referring to "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity" as the "three-fanged serpent." Rather than a republic, Lawrence called for an absolute dictator and equivalent dictatrix to lord over the lower peoples.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Letters of D. H. Lawrence|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|pages=365–366}}</ref> In 1953, recalling his relationship with Lawrence in [[World War I|the First World War]], Russell characterised Lawrence as a "proto-German Fascist," saying "I was a firm believer in democracy, whereas he had developed the whole philosophy of Fascism before the politicians had thought of it."<ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofb017701mbp|title=The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell 1872 1914|work=Internet Archive|publisher=Little, Brown and company|year=1951}}</ref> Russell felt Lawrence to be a ''positive force for evil''.<ref>[[Bertrand Russell]] ''Portraits from Memory'' (London, Allan and Unwin Ltd) 1956, p. 112.</ref> However, in 1924 Lawrence wrote an epilogue to ''[[Movements in European History]]'' (a textbook he wrote, originally published in 1921) in which he denounced fascism and Soviet-style socialism as bullying and “a mere worship of Force”. Further, he declared “I believe a good form of socialism, if it could be brought about, would be the best form of government.”<ref>Lawrence, D. H. (1925), ''Movements in European History'', Oxford University Press, p. 262.</ref> In the late 1920s, he told his sister he would vote Labour if he was living back in England.<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 276. {{ISBN| 978-1856192439}}</ref> In general, though, Lawrence disliked any organized groupings, and in his essay ''Democracy'', written in the late twenties, he argued for a new kind of democracy in which
<blockquote>each man shall be spontaneously himself – each man himself, each woman herself, without any question of equality or inequality entering in at all; and that no man shall try to determine the being of any other man, or of any other woman.<ref>Lawrence, D. H., "Democracy," in ''Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence'' (Penguin Books, 1936), p. 716.</ref></blockquote>
Lawrence held seemingly contradictory views on feminism. The evidence of his written works, particularly his earlier novels, indicates a commitment to representing women as strong, independent, and complex; he produced major works in which young, self-directing female characters were central. In his youth he supported extending the vote to women, and he once wrote, “All women in their natures are like giantesses. They will break through everything and go on with their own lives.”<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994), ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 123. {{ISBN|978-1856192439}}</ref> However, some feminist critics, notably [[Kate Millett]], have criticised, indeed ridiculed, Lawrence's [[Gender politics|sexual politics]], Millett claiming that he uses his female characters as mouthpieces to promote his creed of male supremacy and that his story ''The Woman Who Rode Away'' showed Lawrence as a pornographic sadist with its portrayal of “human sacrifice performed upon the woman to the greater glory and potency of the male.”<ref>Millett, Kate, 1969 (2000). ''"III: The Literary Reflection". Sexual Politics.'' University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|0-252-06889-0}}.</ref> [[Brenda Maddox]] further highlights this story and two others written around the same time, ''St. Mawr'' and ''The Princess'', as “masterworks of misogyny.”<ref>Maddox, Brenda (1994) ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', Sinclair-Stevenson, pp. 361-365. {{ISBN|978-1856192439}}</ref>
Despite the inconsistency and at times inscrutability of his philosophical writings, Lawrence continues to find an audience, and the publication of [[The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence|a new scholarly edition of his letters]] and writings has demonstrated the range of his achievement. Philosophers like [[Gilles Deleuze]] and [[Félix Guattari]] found in Lawrence's critique of [[Sigmund Freud]] an important precursor of anti-Oedipal accounts of the unconscious that has been much influential.<ref>Deleuze, Guattari, Gilles, Félix (2004). ''Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia.'' Continuum.</ref>
==Posthumous reputation==
[[File:Statue of D.H. Lawrence, Nottingham castle, uk .jpg|thumb|upright|Bust of D. H. Lawrence at [[Nottingham Castle]]|alt=This bust of DH Lawrence at Nottingham Castle has now been moved to the grounds of Newstead Abbey.]]
The obituaries shortly after Lawrence's death were, with the exception of the one by [[E. M. Forster]], unsympathetic or hostile. However, there were those who articulated a more favourable recognition of the significance of this author's life and works. For example, his long-time friend [[Catherine Carswell]] summed up his life in a letter to the periodical ''[[Time and Tide (magazine)|Time and Tide]]'' published on 16 March 1930. In response to his critics, she wrote:<blockquote>In the face of formidable initial disadvantages and lifelong delicacy, poverty that lasted for three quarters of his life and hostility that survives his death, he did nothing that he did not really want to do, and all that he most wanted to do he did. He went all over the world, he owned a ranch, he lived in the most beautiful corners of Europe, and met whom he wanted to meet and told them that they were wrong and he was right. He painted and made things, and sang, and rode. He wrote something like three dozen books, of which even the worst page dances with life that could be mistaken for no other man's, while the best are admitted, even by those who hate him, to be unsurpassed. Without vices, with most human virtues, the husband of one wife, scrupulously honest, this estimable citizen yet managed to keep free from the shackles of civilisation and the cant of literary cliques. He would have laughed lightly and cursed venomously in passing at the solemn owls—each one secretly chained by the leg—who now conduct his inquest. To do his work and lead his life in spite of them took some doing, but he did it, and long after they are forgotten, sensitive and innocent people—if any are left—will turn Lawrence's pages and will know from them what sort of a rare man Lawrence was.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_VaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22owned+a+ranch+he+lived%22+%22formidable+initial%22+%22sort+of+a+rare%22|title=D.H. Lawrence: A Critical Anthology|editor1-last=Coombes|editor1-first=H.|date=1973|publisher=Penguin Educational. p.217|isbn=9780140807929|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref></blockquote>Aldous Huxley also defended Lawrence in his introduction to a collection of letters published in 1932. However, the most influential advocate of Lawrence's literary reputation was [[Cambridge]] literary critic [[F. R. Leavis]], who asserted that the author had made an important contribution to the tradition of English fiction. Leavis stressed that ''The Rainbow'', ''Women in Love'', and the short stories and tales were major works of art. Later, the obscenity trials over the unexpurgated edition of ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' in America in 1959, and in Britain in 1960, and subsequent publication of the full text, ensured Lawrence's popularity (and notoriety) with a wider public.
Since 2008, an annual D. H. Lawrence Festival has been organised in Eastwood to celebrate Lawrence's life and works; in September 2016, events were held in Cornwall to celebrate the centenary of Lawrence's connection with [[Zennor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornwalllive.com/events-in-st-ives-will-mark-the-centenary-of-dh-lawrence-s-time-in-zennor-during-first-world-war/story-29685652-detail/story.html|title=Centenary events will celebrate DH Lawrence's time in Zennor|date=5 September 2016|website=westbriton.co.uk.|access-date=11 September 2016}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
==Selected depictions of Lawrence's life==
*''[[Priest of Love]]'': a 1981 film based on the non-fiction biography of Lawrence with the same title. It stars [[Ian McKellen]] as Lawrence. The film is mostly focused on Lawrence's time in [[Taos, New Mexico]], and Italy, although the source biography covers most of his life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christophermiles.info/Films/Priest_of_Love/crew.html |title=Priest of Love Crew List & Locations |last=Miles |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Miles |website=ChristopherMiles.info |access-date=14 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112003306/http://www.christophermiles.info/Films/Priest_of_Love/crew.html |archive-date=12 November 2015 }}</ref>
*''Coming Through'': a 1985 film about Lawrence, who is portrayed by [[Kenneth Branagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088943/|title=Coming Through (1985)|website=[[IMDb]]|date=4 February 1988}}</ref>
*''[[Zennor in Darkness]]'': a 1993 novel by [[Helen Dunmore]] in which Lawrence and his wife feature prominently.
*''[[On the Rocks (2008 play)|On the Rocks]]'': a 2008 stage play by [[Amy Rosenthal]] showing Lawrence, his wife Frieda Lawrence, short-story writer Katherine Mansfield and critic and editor John Middleton Murry in Cornwall in 1916–17.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsR/rosenthal-amy.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304070315/http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsR/rosenthal-amy.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2007|title=Guide to Rosenthal's Plays}}</ref>
*''LAWRENCE – Scandalous! Censored! Banned!'': A musical based on the life of Lawrence. Winner of the 2009 Marquee Theatre Award for Best Original Musical. Received its London premiere in October 2013 at the [[Bridewell Theatre]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catherinebrown.org/academic/reviews/review-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned/|title=LAWRENCE: Scandalous! Censored! Banned!|publisher=catherinebrown.org|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208154433/https://catherinebrown.org/academic/reviews/review-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Husbands and Sons'': A stage play adapted by [[Ben Power]] from three of Lawrence's plays, ''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'', ''A Collier’s Friday Night'', and ''[[The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd]]'', which were each based on Lawrence's formative years in the mining community of [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]], [[Nottinghamshire]]. ''Husbands and Sons'' was co-produced by the [[ Royal National Theatre |National Theater]] and the [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theater]] and directed by [[Marianne Elliott (director)|Marianne Elliott]] in London in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Husbands & Sons |url=https://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/shows/husbands-sons#production-story |website=National Theatre |date=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/oct/28/husbands-and-sons-review-anne-marie-duff|title=Husbands and Sons review – Anne-Marie Duff shines through violation of DH Lawrence |first=Michael |last=Billington |author-link=Michael Billington (critic) |date=28 October 2015 |publisher=theguardian.com |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>
*''Frieda: The Original Lady Chatterley'' ([[Hodder & Stoughton]], 2019): a novel by [[Annabel Abbs]].
==Works==
{{Refbegin|2}}
===Novels===
*''[[The White Peacock]]'' (1911)
*''[[The Trespasser (novel)|The Trespasser]]'' (1912)
*''[[Sons and Lovers]]'' (1913)
*''[[The Rainbow]]'' (1915)
*''[[Women in Love]]'' (1920)
*''[[The Lost Girl]]'' (1920)
*''[[Aaron's Rod (novel)|Aaron's Rod]]'' (1922)
*''[[Kangaroo (novel)|Kangaroo]]'' (1923)
*''[[The Boy in the Bush]]'' (1924), coauthored with M.L. (Mollie or Molly) Skinner
*''[[The Plumed Serpent]]'' (1926)
*''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (1928)
*''[[The Escaped Cock]]'' (1929), republished as ''The Man Who Died''
===Short-story collections===
*''[[The Prussian Officer and Other Stories]]'' (1914)
*''[[England, My England and Other Stories]]'' (1922)
*''The Complete Short Stories'' (1922) Three volumes, reissued in 1961 by The Viking Press, Inc.
*''[[The Fox (novella)|The Fox]], [[The Captain's Doll]], The Ladybird'' (1923)
*''[[St Mawr]] and Other Stories'' (1925)
*''The Woman who Rode Away and Other Stories'' (1928)
*''[[The Rocking-Horse Winner]]'' (1926)
*''[[The Virgin and the Gipsy]] and Other Stories'' (1930)
*''Love Among the Haystacks and Other Pieces'' (1930)
*''The Lovely Lady and Other Tales'' (1932)
*''The Tales of D.H. Lawrence'' (1934) – Heinemann
*''Collected Stories'' (1994) – Everyman's Library
===Collected letters===
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume I, September 1901 – May 1913'', ed. [[James T. Boulton]], Cambridge University Press, 1979, {{ISBN|0-521-22147-1}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume II, June 1913 – October 1916'', ed. George J. Zytaruk and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1981, {{ISBN|0-521-23111-6}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume III, October 1916 – June 1921'', ed. James T. Boulton and Andrew Robertson, Cambridge University Press, 1984, {{ISBN|0-521-23112-4}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume IV, June 1921 – March 1924 '', ed. Warren Roberts, James T. Boulton and Elizabeth Mansfield, Cambridge University Press, 1987, {{ISBN|0-521-00695-3}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume V, March 1924 – March 1927'', ed. James T. Boulton and Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-521-00696-1}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VI, March 1927 – November 1928 '', ed. James T. Boulton and Margaret Boulton with Gerald M. Lacy, Cambridge University Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-521-00698-8}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VII, November 1928 – February 1930'', ed. Keith Sagar and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1993, {{ISBN|0-521-00699-6}}
*''The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, with index, Volume VIII'', ed. James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-521-23117-5}}
*''The Selected Letters of D. H. Lawrence'', Compiled and edited by James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-521-40115-1}}
*''D. H. Lawrence's Letters to Bertrand Russell'', edited by Harry T. Moore, New York: Gotham Book Mart, 1948.
===Poetry collections===
*''Love Poems and others'' (1913)
*''Amores'' (1916)
*''Look! We have come through!'' (1917)
*''New Poems'' (1918)
*''Bay: a book of poems'' (1919)
*''Tortoises'' (1921)
*''[[Birds, Beasts and Flowers]]'' (1923)
*''The Collected Poems of D H Lawrence'' (1928)
*''Pansies'' (1929)
*''Nettles'' (1930)
*''The Triumph of the Machine'' (1930; one of [[Faber and Faber]]'s [[Ariel Poems (Faber)|Ariel Poems]] series, illustrated by [[Althea Willoughby]])
*''Last Poems'' (1932)
*''Fire and other poems'' (1940)
*''The Complete Poems of D.H. Lawrence'' (1964), ed. [[Vivian de Sola Pinto]] and F. Warren Roberts
*''The White Horse'' (1964)
*''D.H. Lawrence: Selected Poems'' (1972), ed. Keith Sagar.
*''Snake and Other Poems''
===Plays===
*''[[The Daughter-in-Law]]'' (1913)
*''[[The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd]]'' (1914)
*''Touch and Go'' (1920)
*''David'' (1926)
*''The Fight for Barbara'' (1933)
*''A Collier's Friday Night'' (1934)
*''The Married Man'' (1940)
*''The Merry-Go-Round'' (1941)
*''The Complete Plays of D.H. Lawrence'' (1965)
*''The Plays'', edited by Hans-Wilhelm Schwarze and [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]], Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-24277-0}}
===Non-fiction books and pamphlets===
*''[[Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays]]'' (1914), edited by Bruce Steele, Cambridge University Press, 1985, {{ISBN|0-521-25252-0}}, Literary criticism and metaphysics
*''[[Movements in European History]]'' (1921), edited by Philip Crumpton, Cambridge University Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-521-26201-1}}, Originally published under the name of Lawrence H. Davison
*''[[Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious]]'' and ''[[Fantasia of the Unconscious]]'' (1921/1922), edited by Bruce Steele, Cambridge University Press, 2004 {{ISBN|0-521-32791-1}}
*''[[Studies in Classic American Literature]]'' (1923), edited by Ezra Greenspan, Lindeth Vasey and [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]], Cambridge University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-521-55016-5}}
*''[[Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays]]'' (1925), edited by Michael Herbert, Cambridge University Press, 1988, {{ISBN|0-521-26622-X}}
*''[[A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (1929) – Lawrence wrote this pamphlet to explain his novel.
*''[[My Skirmish With Jolly Roger]]'' (1929), Random House – expanded into ''[[A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''
*''[[Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation]]'' (1931), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1980, {{ISBN|0-521-22407-1}}
*''[[Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence]]'' (1936)
*''[[Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence]]'' (1968)
*''[[Introductions and Reviews]]'', edited by N. H. Reeve and [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]], Cambridge University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-521-83584-4}}
*''[[Late Essays and Articles]]'', edited by James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-521-58431-0}}
*''[[Selected Letters]]'', Oneworld Classics, 2008. Edited by James T. Boulton. {{ISBN|978-1-84749-049-0}}
*''[[The New Adelphi]]'', June-August 1930 issue, edited by John Middleton Murry. Includes, by Lawrence, ″Nottingham and the Mining Countryside,″ Nine Letters (1918–1919) to Katherine Mansfield, and Selected Passages from non-fiction works. Also includes essays on Lawrence by John Middleton Murry, [[Rebecca West]], [[Max Plowman]], [[Waldo Frank]], and others.
* Memoir of [[Maurice Magnus]], Keith Cushman, ed. 1 December 1987, Black Sparrow Press. {{ISBN|978-0-87685-716-8|0-87685-716-0}} This book includes the unexpurgated version of Lawrence's introduction to Magnus's ''Memoirs of the Foreign Legion'' and related material.
===Travel books===
*''Twilight in Italy and Other Essays'' (1916), edited by Paul Eggert, Cambridge University Press, 1994, {{ISBN|0-521-26888-5}}. ''Twilight in Italy'' paperback reissue, I.B. Tauris, 2015, {{ISBN|978-1-78076-965-3}}
*''[[Sea and Sardinia]]'' (1921), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-521-24275-4}}
*''[[Mornings in Mexico]] and Other Essays'' (1927), edited by Virginia Crosswhite Hyde, Cambridge University Press, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-521-65292-6}}.
*''[[Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays]]'' (1932), edited by Simonetta de Filippis, Cambridge University Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-521-25253-9}}; ''Etruscan Places'', New York: The Viking Press (1932).
===Works translated by Lawrence===
*[[Lev Shestov|Lev Isaakovich Shestov]] ''All Things are Possible'' (1920)
*[[Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin]] ''The Gentleman from San Francisco'' (1922), tr. with [[S. S. Koteliansky]]
*[[Giovanni Verga]] ''Mastro-Don Gesualdo'' (1923)
*[[Giovanni Verga]] ''Little Novels of Sicily'' (1925)
*[[Giovanni Verga]] ''Cavalleria Rusticana and other stories'' (1928)
*[[Antonio Francesco Grazzini]] (Lasca) ''The Story of Doctor Manente'' (1929)
===Manuscripts and early drafts of works===
*''Paul Morel'' (1911–12), edited by Helen Baron, Cambridge University Press, 2003 (first publication), {{ISBN|0-521-56009-8}}, an early manuscript version of ''Sons and Lovers''
*''The First Women in Love'' (1916–17) edited by [[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] and Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1998, {{ISBN|0-521-37326-3}}
*''[[Mr Noon]]'' (unfinished novel) Parts I and II, edited by Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1984, {{ISBN|0-521-25251-2}}
*''The Symbolic Meaning: The Uncollected Versions of Studies in Classic American Literature'', edited by Armin Arnold, Centaur Press, 1962
*''Quetzalcoatl'' (1925), edited by Louis L Martz, W W Norton Edition, 1998, {{ISBN|0-8112-1385-4}}, Early draft of ''[[The Plumed Serpent]]''
*''The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels'', edited by Dieter Mehl and [[Christa Jansohn]], Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-47116-8}}.
===Paintings===
*''The Paintings of D. H. Lawrence'', London: Mandrake Press, 1929.
*''D. H. Lawrence's Paintings'', ed. Keith Sagar, London: Chaucer Press, 2003.
*''The Collected Art Works of D. H. Lawrence'', ed. Tetsuji Kohno, Tokyo: Sogensha, 2004.
{{Refend}}
==See also==
{{Portal bar|England|Literature|Biography}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
===Bibliographic resources===
*Paul Poplawski (1995) ''The Works of D.H. Lawrence: A Chronological Checklist'' (Nottingham, D H Lawrence Society)
*Paul Poplawski (1996) ''D.H. Lawrence: A Reference Companion'' (Westport, Conn., and London: Greenwood Press)
* {{cite book |last=Preston |first=Peter |title=A D.H. Lawrence Chronology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Aa_DAAAQBAJ |date=2016 |origyear=1994 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-23591-9}}
*W. Roberts and P. Poplawski (2001) ''A Bibliography of D.H. Lawrence''. 3rd ed. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
*Charles L. Ross and Dennis Jackson, eds. (1995) ''Editing D.H. Lawrence: New Versions of a Modern Author'' (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press)
*Keith Sagar (1979) ''D.H. Lawrence: A Calendar of His Works'' (Manchester, Manchester University Press)
*Keith Sagar (1982) ''D.H. Lawrence Handbook'' (Manchester, Manchester University Press)
===Biographical studies===
*[[Richard Aldington]] (1950) ''Portrait of a Genius, But ... (The Life of D. H. Lawrence, 1885–1930)'' (London: [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]])
*[[Arthur J. Bachrach]] ''D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico: "The Time is Different There"'', Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-8263-3496-1}}
*[[Dorothy Brett]] (1933). ''Lawrence and Brett: A Friendship'' (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company)
*[[Catherine Carswell]] (1932) ''The Savage Pilgrimage'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, reissued 1981)
*[[Frieda Lawrence]] (1934) ''Not I, But The Wind'' (Santa Fe: Rydal Press)
*E.T. (Jessie Chambers Wood) (1935) ''D. H. Lawrence: A Personal Record'' (Jonathan Cape)
*[[Mabel Dodge Luhan]] (1932) ''Lorenzo in Taos: D.H. Lawrence and Mabel Dodge Luhan'' (Sunstone Press, 2007 facsimile ed.)
*[[Witter Bynner]] (1951) ''Journey with Genius: Recollections and Reflections Concerning the D. H. Lawrences'' (John Day Company)
*Edward Nehls (1957–59) ''D. H. Lawrence: A Composite Biography, Volumes I-III'' (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press)
*[[Anaïs Nin]] (1963) ''D. H. Lawrence: An Unprofessional Study'' (Athens: Swallow Press)
*Emile Delavenay (1972) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Man and his Work: The Formative Years, 1885–1919'', trans. Katherine M. Delavenay (London: Heinemann)
*Joseph Foster (1972) ''D. H. Lawrence in Taos'' (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press)
*Harry T. Moore (1974) ''The Priest of Love: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'' (London: Heinemann)
*Harry T. Moore and Warren Roberts (1966) ''D. H. Lawrence and His World'' (New York: The Viking Press), largely photographs
*Harry T. Moore (1951, revised ed. 1964) ''D. H. Lawrence: His Life and Works'' (New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.)
*Paul Delany (1979) ''D. H. Lawrence's Nightmare: The Writer and his Circle in the Years of the Great War'' (Hassocks: Harvester Press)
*Joseph Davis (1989) ''D. H. Lawrence at Thirroul'' (Sydney, Australia: Collins)
*Joseph Davis (2022) ''D. H. Lawrence at Thirroul: One Hundred Years On'' (Thirroul, Australia: Wyewurry): https://www.academia.edu/.../D_H_LAWRENCE_AT_THIRROUL_ONE{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}...
*G.H. Neville (1981) ''A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence: The Betrayal'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Raymond T. Caffrey (1985) ''Lady Chatterley's Lover: The Grove Press Publication of the Unexpurgated Text'' (Syracuse University Library Associates Courier Volume XX)
*[[C.J. Stevens]] ''The Cornish Nightmare (D. H. Lawrence in Cornwall)'', Whitston Pub. Co., 1988, {{ISBN|0-87875-348-6}}, D. H. Lawrence and the war years
*[[C.J. Stevens]] ''Lawrence at Tregerthen (D. H. Lawrence)'', Whitston Pub. Co., 1988, {{ISBN|0-87875-348-6}}
*Michael W. Weithmann: Lawrence of Bavaria. The English Writer D. H. Lawrence in Bavaria and Beyond. Collected Essays. Reisen David Herbert Lawrences in Bayern und in die Alpenländer. Passau 2003 urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-596
*[[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] (1991) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Early Years, 1885–1912'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Mark Kinkead-Weekes (1996) ''D. H. Lawrence: Triumph to Exile, 1912–1922'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*[[Brenda Maddox]] (1994) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage'' (New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]). UK edition ''The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence'', London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994.
*[[David Ellis (biographer)|David Ellis]] (1998) ''D. H. Lawrence: Dying Game, 1922–1930'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*David Ellis (2008) ''Death and the Author: How D. H. Lawrence Died, and Was Remembered'' (Oxford University Press)
*[[Geoff Dyer]] (1999) ''Out of Sheer Rage: Wrestling with D. H. Lawrence'' (New York: North Point Press)
*Keith Sagar (1980) ''The Life of D. H. Lawrence'' (New York: Pantheon)
*Keith Sagar (2003) ''The Life of D. H. Lawrence: An Illustrated Biography'' (London: Chaucer Press)
*[[Stephen Spender]], ed. (1973) ''D. H. Lawrence: Novelist, Poet, Prophet'' (New York: Harper & Row; London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson)
*[[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] (2005) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider'' (London: Penguin/Allen Lane)
*{{cite ODNB|id=34435|title=Lawrence, David Herbert|orig-year=2004|year=2006|last=Worthen|first=J.}}
*Michael Squires (2008) ''D. H. Lawrence and Frieda : A Portrait of Love and Loyalty'' (London: Carlton Publishing Group) {{ISBN|978-0-233-00232-3}}
*Richard Owen (2014) ''Lady Chatterley's Villa: DH Lawrence on the Italian Riviera'' (London: The Armchair Traveller)
*James C. Cowan (1970) ''D.H. Lawrence's American Journey: A Study in Literature and Myth'' (Cleveland: The Press of Case Western Reserve University)
*[[Knud Merrild]] (1938) ''A Poet And Two Painters: A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence'' (London: G. Routledge)
*[[Frances Wilson (writer)|Frances Wilson]] (2021) ''Burning Man: The Ascent of D. H. Lawrence'' (London: Bloomsbury Circus); ''Burning Man: The Trials of D. H. Lawrence'' (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
*Norman Page, ed. (1981) ''D.H. Lawrence: Interviews and Recollections'' (two volumes) (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble)
*[[Elaine Feinstein]] (1994) ''Lawrence's Women: The Intimate Life of D.H. Lawrence'' (London: HarperCollins Publishers); (1993) ''Lawrence and the Women: The Intimate Life of D.H. Lawrence'' (New York: HarperCollins Publishers)
*[[Geoffrey Trease]] (1973) ''D. H. Lawrence: The Phoenix and the Flame'' (London: Macmillan)
===Literary criticism===
*Keith Alldritt (1971) ''The Visual Imagination of D.H. Lawrence'', London: Edward Arnold
*Michael Bell (1992) ''D.H. Lawrence: Language and Being'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
*Richard Beynon, ed. (1997) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Rainbow and Women in Love'', Cambridge: Icon Books
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (1986) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Early Fiction'', London: Palgrave MacMillan
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (1991)'' D.H. Lawrence: The Early Philosophical Works: A Commentary'', London and Basingstoke: Macmillan
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (1992) ''Sons and Lovers'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
*[[Michael Black (literary critic)|Michael Black]] (2001) ''Lawrence's England: The Major Fiction, 1913–1920'', London: Palgrave-MacMillan
*Keith Brown, ed. (1990) ''Rethinking Lawrence'', Milton Keynes: Open University Press
*[[Anthony Burgess]] (1985) ''Flame into Being: The Life And Work Of D.H. Lawrence'', London: William Heinemann
*Aidan Burns (1980) ''Nature and Culture in D.H. Lawrence'', London and Basingstoke: Macmillan
*L. D. Clark (1980) '' The Minoan Distance: The Symbolism of Travel in D.H. Lawrence'', Tucson: University of Arizona Press
*Colin Clarke (1969) ''River of Dissolution: D.H. Lawrence and English Romanticism'', London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
*Carol Dix (1980) ''D.H. Lawrence and Women'', London: Macmillan
*R.P. Draper (1970)'' D.H. Lawrence: The Critical Heritage'', London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
*[[David Ellis (biographer)|David Ellis]] and Howard Mills (1988) ''D. H. Lawrence's Non-Fiction: Art, Thought and Genre'' (Cambridge University Press)
*David Ellis (2015) ''Love and Sex in D. H. Lawrence'' (Clemson University Press)
*Anne Fernihough (1993) ''D.H. Lawrence: Aesthetics and Ideology'', Oxford: Clarendon Press
*Anne Fernihough, ed. (2001) ''The Cambridge Companion to D.H. Lawrence'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
*Peter Fjågesund (1991) ''The Apocalyptic World of D. H. Lawrence'', Norwegian University Press
*John R. Harrison (1966) ''The Reactionaries: Yeats, Lewis, Pound, Eliot, Lawrence: A Study of the Anti-Democratic Intelligentsia'', London: [[Schocken Books]]
*Frederick J. Hoffman and Harry T. Moore, eds. (1953), ''The Achievement of D.H. Lawrence'', Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
*[[Graham Holderness]] (1982) ''D. H. Lawrence: History, Ideology and Fiction'', Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
*[[Graham Hough]] (1956) ''The Dark Sun: A Study of D.H. Lawrence'', London: Duckworth
*John Humma (1990) ''Metaphor and Meaning in D.H. Lawrence's Later Novels,'' University of Missouri Press
*Virginia Hyde (1992), ''The Risen Adam: D.H. Lawrence's Revisionist Typology'', Pennsylvania State University Press
*Virginia Hyde and Earl Ingersoll, eds. (2010), ''"Terra Incognita": D.H. Lawrence at the Frontiers'', Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
*Earl Ingersoll and Virginia Hyde, eds. (2009), ''Windows to the Sun: D.H. Lawrence's "Thought-Adventures"'', Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
*[[Frank Kermode]] (1973) ''Lawrence'', London: Fontana
*Mark Kinkead-Weekes (1968) ''The Marble and the Statue: The Exploratory Imagination of D.H. Lawrence'', pp. 371–418, in Maynard Mack and Ian Gregor (eds.), ''Imagined Worlds: Essays on Some English Novels and Novelists in Honour of John Butt'' (London: Methuen and Co.)
*[[F.R. Leavis]] (1955) ''D.H. Lawrence: Novelist'' (London, Chatto and Windus)
*[[F.R. Leavis]] (1976) ''Thought, Words and Creativity: Art and Thought in D. H. Lawrence'', London, Chatto and Windus
*[[Sheila MacLeod]] (1985) ''Lawrence's Men and Women'' (London: Heinemann)
*Barbara Mensch (1991) '' D.H. Lawrence and the Authoritarian Personality'' (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan)
*[[Kate Millett]] (1970) ''Sexual Politics'' (Garden City, NY: Doubleday)
*Colin Milton (1987) ''Lawrence and Nietzsche: A Study in Influence'' (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press)
*Robert E Montgomery (1994) ''The Visionary D.H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Harry T. Moore, ed., ''A D.H. Lawrence Miscellany'', Southern Illinois University Press (1959) and William Heinemann Ltd (1961)
*Alastair Niven (1978) ''D.H. Lawrence: The Novels'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Cornelia Nixon (1986) ''Lawrence's Leadership Politics and the Turn Against Women'' (Berkeley: University of California Press)
*[[Joyce Carol Oates]] (1972–1982) [http://celestialtimepiece.com/2015/12/08/joyce-carol-oates-on-d-h-lawrence/ "Joyce Carol Oates on D.H. Lawrence"].
*[[Tony Pinkney]] (1990) ''D.H. Lawrence'' (London and New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf)
*[[Stephen Potter]] (1930) ''D.H. Lawrence: A First Study'' (London and New York: Jonathan Cape)
*Charles L. Ross (1991) ''Women in Love: A Novel of Mythic Realism'' (Boston, Mass.: Twayne)
*Keith Sagar (1966) ''The Art of D.H. Lawrence'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
*Keith Sagar (1985) ''D.H. Lawrence: Life into Art'' (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press)
*Keith Sagar (2008) ''D.H. Lawrence: Poet'' (Penrith, UK: Humanities-Ebooks)
*Daniel J. Schneider (1986) ''The Consciousness of D.H. Lawrence: An Intellectual Biography'' (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas)
*[[Herbert J. Seligmann]] (1924) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4091367&view=1up&seq=6&skin=2021 ''D.H. Lawrence: An American Interpretation'']
*Michael Squires and Keith Cushman (1990) ''The Challenge of D.H. Lawrence'' (Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press)
*Berend Klaas van der Veen (1983) ''The Development of D.H. Lawrence's Prose Themes, 1906-1915'' (Oldenzaal: Offsetdruk)
*Peter Widdowson, ed. (1992) ''D.H. Lawrence'' (London and New York: Longman)
*Michael Wilding (1980) 'Political Fictions' (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul)
*[[John Worthen (literary critic)|John Worthen]] (1979) ''D.H. Lawrence and the Idea of the Novel'' (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan).
*T.R. Wright (2000) ''D.H. Lawrence and the Bible'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
{{Refend}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks |wikt=no |s=Author:David Herbert Lawrence |commons=Category:D. H. Lawrence |n=no |b=no |v=no}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/d-h-lawrence}}
*{{Gutenberg author |id=123}}
*[http://gutenberg.net.au/pages/lawrence.html Works by D. H. Lawrence] at [[Project Gutenberg Australia]] (includes content not in the public domain in some jurisdictions)
*{{Internet Archive author |sname=David Herbert Lawrence |sopt=tight}}
*{{Librivox author |id=34}}
*[http://century.guardian.co.uk/1910-1919/Story/0,6051,98988,00.html ''With the Guns'' article by Lawrence. ''Guardian'' 18 August 1914]. Accessed 2010-09-15
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171025220108/http://www.feedbooks.com/search?query=david+herbert+lawrence D. H. Lawrence free downloadable books including kindle editions at feedbooks]
*[[Nickolas Muray]]'s portrait sittings of D. H. Lawrence; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075736/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881680_ful.html#topofimage photo #1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075745/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881682_ful.html#topofimage photo#2], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075817/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881683A_ful.html#topofimage photo #3]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181110044907/http://dhlawrencereview.org/ The D. H. Lawrence Review], scholarly journal
===Lawrence archives===
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9g5007kq/ D. H. Lawrence Collection] at the [[Bancroft Library]]
*[https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00071 D. H. Lawrence Collection] and [https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00072 Frieda Lawrence Collection] at the [[Harry Ransom Center]]
*[https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/1968 D. H. Lawrence Papers], [https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/2330 Correspondence] and [https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/2003 Photography Collection] at the [[University of New Mexico]]
*[https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ManuscriptsandSpecialCollections/CollectionsInDepth/Lawrence/Introduction.aspx D. H. Lawrence Collection] at the [[University of Nottingham]]
*[https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/4078881 Alfred M. and Clarisse B. Hellman’s D.H. Lawrence collection] at [[Columbia University]]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/011055}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2010}}
{{D. H. Lawrence|state=expanded}}
{{Lady Chatterley's Lover}}
{{Modernism}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, D. H.}}
[[Category:D. H. Lawrence| ]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century English poets]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Nottingham]]
[[Category:Alumni of University of London Worldwide]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Mexico]]
[[Category:British psychological fiction writers]]
[[Category:English erotica writers]]
[[Category:English expatriates in Italy]]
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:English male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English male novelists]]
[[Category:English male short story writers]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:Imagists]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Modernist writers]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in art]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in literature]]
[[Category:People educated at Nottingham High School]]
[[Category:People from Eastwood, Nottinghamshire]]
[[Category:Proto-fascists]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in France]]
[[Category:Writers from Nottingham]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -37,6 +37,5 @@
The young Lawrence attended Beauvale Board School<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jun/13/dh.lawrence D.H. Lawrence] (22 July 2008). ''TheGuardian.com''. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</ref> (now renamed Greasley Beauvale D. H. Lawrence Primary School in his honour) from 1891 until 1898, becoming the first local pupil to win a [[county council]] scholarship to [[Nottingham High School]] in nearby [[Nottingham]]. He left in 1901,<ref name="nottingham1">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/biography.aspx | title=Brief Biography of DH Lawrence - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> working for three months as a junior clerk at Haywood's [[Surgical instrument|surgical appliances]] factory, but a severe bout of [[pneumonia]] ended this career. During his convalescence he often visited Hagg's Farm, the home of the Chambers family, and began a friendship with Jessie Chambers, one of the daughters who would go on to inspire characters in his writing. An important aspect of this relationship with Chambers and other adolescent acquaintances was a shared love of books,<ref name="nottingham1908">{{cite web | url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter1.aspx | title=Chapter 1: Background and youth: 1885-1908 - the University of Nottingham}}</ref> an interest that lasted throughout Lawrence's life.
-[[File:DH Lawrence 1906.jpg|thumb|upright|Lawrence at age 21 in 1906]]
-In the years 1902 to 1906 Lawrence served as a [[pupil-teacher]] at the British School, Eastwood. He went on to become a full-time student and received a [[Qualified Teacher Status|teaching certificate]] from [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]] (then an external college of [[University of London]]), in 1908. During these early years he was working on his first poems, some short stories, and a draft of a novel, ''Laetitia'', which was eventually to become ''[[The White Peacock]].'' At the end of 1907 he won a short story competition in the [[Nottingham Guardian|''Nottinghamshire Guardian'']],<ref name="nottingham1908"/> the first time that he had gained any wider recognition for his literary talents.
+[[File:DH Lawrence
=== Early career ===
' |
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1 => 'In the years 1902 to 1906 Lawrence served as a [[pupil-teacher]] at the British School, Eastwood. He went on to become a full-time student and received a [[Qualified Teacher Status|teaching certificate]] from [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]] (then an external college of [[University of London]]), in 1908. During these early years he was working on his first poems, some short stories, and a draft of a novel, ''Laetitia'', which was eventually to become ''[[The White Peacock]].'' At the end of 1907 he won a short story competition in the [[Nottingham Guardian|''Nottinghamshire Guardian'']],<ref name="nottingham1908"/> the first time that he had gained any wider recognition for his literary talents.'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English writer and poet (1885–1930)</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the early-20th-century novelist. For the American actor, see <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_H._Lawrence_XVII" title="David H. Lawrence XVII">David H. Lawrence XVII</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lawrencian" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Laurentian (disambiguation)">Laurentian</a>.</div>
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</p>
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H. Lawrence</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lawrence in 1929"><img alt="Lawrence in 1929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg/220px-D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg/330px-D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg/440px-D_H_Lawrence_passport_photograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="1919" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Lawrence in 1929</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">David Herbert Lawrence<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1885-09-11</span>)</span>11 September 1885<br /><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood,_Nottinghamshire" title="Eastwood, Nottinghamshire">Eastwood, Nottinghamshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2 March 1930<span style="display:none">(1930-03-02)</span> (aged 44)<br /><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vence" title="Vence">Vence</a>, Alpes-Maritimes, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Ranch" title="D. H. Lawrence Ranch">D. H. Lawrence Ranch</a>, Taos, New Mexico, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Nottingham" class="mw-redirect" title="University College Nottingham">University College Nottingham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1907–1930</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_fiction" title="Philosophical fiction">philosophical fiction</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><b>Novels</b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers" title="Sons and Lovers">Sons and Lovers</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><b>Short stories</b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odour_of_Chrysanthemums" title="Odour of Chrysanthemums">Odour of Chrysanthemums</a>"</li><li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winner" title="The Rocking-Horse Winner">The Rocking-Horse Winner</a>"</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>David Herbert Lawrence</b> (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, literary critic, travel writer, essayist, and painter. His <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">modernist</a> works reflect on <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">social alienation</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>, while championing sexuality, vitality and instinct. Three of his most famous novels — <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i>, and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> — were the subject of censorship trials for their radical portrayals of sexuality and use of explicit language.
</p><p>Lawrence's opinions and artistic preferences earned him a controversial reputation; he endured contemporary persecution and public misrepresentation of his creative work throughout his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile that he described as a "savage enough pilgrimage".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> At the time of his death, he had been variously scorned as tasteless, avant-garde, and a pornographer who had only garnered success for erotica; however, English novelist and critic <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>, in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as "the greatest imaginative novelist of our generation".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> Later, English literary critic <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._R._Leavis" title="F. R. Leavis">F. R. Leavis</a> also championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Life_and_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Life and career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Early career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Exile"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Exile</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Later_life_and_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Later life and career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Written_works"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Written works</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Novels"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Novels</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Short_stories"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Short stories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Poetry"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Poetry</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Literary_criticism"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Literary criticism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Plays"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Plays</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Painting"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Painting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Lady_Chatterley_trial"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Lady Chatterley</i> trial</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Philosophy_and_politics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Philosophy and politics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Posthumous_reputation"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Posthumous reputation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Selected_depictions_of_Lawrence's_life"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Selected depictions of Lawrence's life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Works"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Works</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Novels_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Novels</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Short-story_collections"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Short-story collections</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Collected_letters"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Collected letters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Poetry_collections"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Poetry collections</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Plays_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Plays</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Non-fiction_books_and_pamphlets"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Non-fiction books and pamphlets</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Travel_books"><span class="tocnumber">8.7</span> <span class="toctext">Travel books</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Works_translated_by_Lawrence"><span class="tocnumber">8.8</span> <span class="toctext">Works translated by Lawrence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Manuscripts_and_early_drafts_of_works"><span class="tocnumber">8.9</span> <span class="toctext">Manuscripts and early drafts of works</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Paintings"><span class="tocnumber">8.10</span> <span class="toctext">Paintings</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Bibliographic_resources"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographic resources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Biographical_studies"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Biographical studies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Literary_criticism_2"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Literary criticism</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Lawrence_archives"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lawrence archives</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg/170px-DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg/255px-DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg/340px-DH_Lawrence_birthplace_museum_-_geograph-1814503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Birthplace_Museum" title="D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum">D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum</a> in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood,_Nottinghamshire" title="Eastwood, Nottinghamshire">Eastwood, Nottinghamshire</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>The fourth child of Arthur John Lawrence, a barely literate miner at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinsley_Colliery" title="Brinsley Colliery">Brinsley Colliery</a>, and Lydia Beardsall, a former <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil-teacher" title="Pupil-teacher">pupil-teacher</a> who had been forced to perform manual work in a lace factory due to her family's financial difficulties,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Lawrence spent his formative years in the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mining</a> town of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood,_Nottinghamshire" title="Eastwood, Nottinghamshire">Eastwood</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a>. The house in which he was born, 8a Victoria Street, is now the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Birthplace_Museum" title="D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum">D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum</a>. His working-class background and the tensions between his parents provided the raw material for a number of his early works. Lawrence roamed out from an early age in the patches of open, hilly country and remaining fragments of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Forest" title="Sherwood Forest">Sherwood Forest</a> in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felley" title="Felley">Felley</a> woods to the north of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood,_Nottinghamshire" title="Eastwood, Nottinghamshire">Eastwood</a>, beginning a lifelong appreciation of the natural world, and he often wrote about "the country of my heart"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> as a setting for much of his fiction.
</p><p>The young Lawrence attended Beauvale Board School<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> (now renamed Greasley Beauvale D. H. Lawrence Primary School in his honour) from 1891 until 1898, becoming the first local pupil to win a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a> scholarship to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham_High_School" title="Nottingham High School">Nottingham High School</a> in nearby <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>. He left in 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham1-6">[6]</a></sup> working for three months as a junior clerk at Haywood's <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_instrument" title="Surgical instrument">surgical appliances</a> factory, but a severe bout of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> ended this career. During his convalescence he often visited Hagg's Farm, the home of the Chambers family, and began a friendship with Jessie Chambers, one of the daughters who would go on to inspire characters in his writing. An important aspect of this relationship with Chambers and other adolescent acquaintances was a shared love of books,<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham1908_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham1908-7">[7]</a></sup> an interest that lasted throughout Lawrence's life.
</p><p>[[File:DH Lawrence
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<p>In the autumn of 1908, the newly qualified Lawrence left his childhood home for London.<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham1908_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham1908-7">[7]</a></sup> While teaching in Davidson Road School, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a>, he continued writing.<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham2-8">[8]</a></sup> Jessie Chambers submitted some of Lawrence's early poetry to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford Madox Ford</a> (then known as Ford Hermann Hueffer), editor of the influential <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_English_Review" title="The English Review">The English Review</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham2-8">[8]</a></sup> Hueffer then commissioned the story <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odour_of_Chrysanthemums" title="Odour of Chrysanthemums">Odour of Chrysanthemums</a></i> which, when published in that magazine, encouraged <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinemann_(book_publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinemann (book publisher)">Heinemann</a>, a London publisher, to ask Lawrence for more work. His career as a professional author now began in earnest, although he taught for another year.
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg/170px-DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg/255px-DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg/340px-DH_Lawrence_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="1627" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative plaque in Colworth Road, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a>, south London</figcaption></figure>
<p>Shortly after the final proofs of his first published novel, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Peacock" title="The White Peacock">The White Peacock</a></i>, appeared in 1910, Lawrence's mother died of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>. The young man was devastated, and he was to describe the next few months as his "sick year". Due to Lawrence's close relationship with his mother, his grief became a major turning point in his life, just as the death of his character, Mrs. Morel, is a major turning point in his <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiographical_novel" title="Autobiographical novel">autobiographical novel</a> <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers" title="Sons and Lovers">Sons and Lovers</a></i>, a work that draws upon much of the writer's provincial upbringing. Essentially concerned with the emotional battle for Lawrence's love between his mother and "Miriam" (in reality Jessie Chambers), the novel also documents Lawrence's (through his protagonist, Paul) brief intimate relationship with Chambers that Lawrence had finally initiated in the Christmas of 1909, ending it in August 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> The hurt this caused Chambers and, finally, her portrayal in the novel, ended their friendship;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> after it was published, they never spoke again.
</p><p>In 1911, Lawrence was introduced to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Garnett" title="Edward Garnett">Edward Garnett</a>, a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publisher%27s_reader" title="Publisher's reader">publisher's reader</a>, who acted as a mentor and became a valued friend, as did his son <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Garnett" title="David Garnett">David</a>. Throughout these months, the young author revised <i>Paul Morel</i>, the first draft of what became <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers" title="Sons and Lovers">Sons and Lovers</a></i>. In addition, a teaching colleague, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Corke" title="Helen Corke">Helen Corke</a>, gave him access to her intimate diaries about an unhappy love affair, which formed the basis of <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trespasser_(novel)" title="The Trespasser (novel)">The Trespasser</a></i>, his second novel. In November 1911, Lawrence came down with a pneumonia again; once recovered, he abandoned teaching in order to become a full-time writer. In February 1912, he broke off an engagement to Louie Burrows, an old friend from his days in Nottingham and Eastwood.<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham2-8">[8]</a></sup>
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg/220px-David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg/330px-David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg/440px-David_Herbert_Lawrence_%26_Frieda_von_Richthofen_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>D. H. Lawrence and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_Lawrence" title="Frieda Lawrence">Frieda</a> in 1914</figcaption></figure>
<p>In March 1912, Lawrence met <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_von_Richthofen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frieda von Richthofen">Frieda Weekley (née von Richthofen)</a>, with whom he was to share the rest of his life. Six years his senior, she was married to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Weekley" title="Ernest Weekley">Ernest Weekley</a>, his former <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">modern languages</a> professor at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University College, Nottingham</a>, and had three young children. However, she and Lawrence <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">eloped</a> and left England for Frieda's parents' home in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison town</a> (then in Germany) near the disputed border with France. Lawrence experienced his first encounter with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">tensions between Germany and France</a> when he was arrested and accused of being a British <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">spy</a>, before being released following an intervention from Frieda's father. After this incident, Lawrence left for a small hamlet to the south of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> where he was joined by Frieda for their "honeymoon", later memorialised in the series of love poems titled <i>Look! We Have Come Through</i> (1917).
</p><p>During 1912 Lawrence wrote the first of his so-called "mining plays", <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daughter-in-Law" title="The Daughter-in-Law">The Daughter-in-Law</a></i>, written in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Midlands_English" title="East Midlands English">Nottingham dialect</a>. The play was not performed or even published in Lawrence's lifetime.
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:D.H._Lawrence,_29_November_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/D.H._Lawrence%2C_29_November_1915.jpg/170px-D.H._Lawrence%2C_29_November_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/D.H._Lawrence%2C_29_November_1915.jpg/255px-D.H._Lawrence%2C_29_November_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/D.H._Lawrence%2C_29_November_1915.jpg/340px-D.H._Lawrence%2C_29_November_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of Lawrence by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Ottoline_Morrell" title="Lady Ottoline Morrell">Lady Ottoline Morrell</a>, 29 November 1915</figcaption></figure>
<p>From Germany, they walked southwards across the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> to Italy, a journey that was recorded in the first of his travel books, a collection of linked essays titled <i>Twilight in Italy</i> and the unfinished novel, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr_Noon" title="Mr Noon">Mr Noon</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>During his stay in Italy, Lawrence completed the final version of <i>Sons and Lovers</i>. Having become tired of the manuscript, he allowed Edward Garnett to cut roughly 100 pages from the text. The novel was published in 1913 and hailed as a vivid portrait of the realities of working class provincial life.
</p><p>Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain in 1913 for a short visit, during which they encountered and befriended <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">critic</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Middleton_Murry" title="John Middleton Murry">John Middleton Murry</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealanders_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New Zealanders in the United Kingdom">New Zealand-born</a> short story writer <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Katherine Mansfield</a>.
</p><p>Also during that year, on 28 July, Lawrence met the Welsh tramp poet <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._H._Davies" title="W. H. Davies">W. H. Davies</a>, whose nature poetry he initially admired. Davies collected <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autograph" title="Autograph">autographs</a>, and was keen to have Lawrence's. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian poetry">Georgian poetry</a> publisher <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Marsh_(polymath)" title="Edward Marsh (polymath)">Edward Marsh</a> secured this for Davies, probably as part of a signed poem, and also arranged a meeting between the poet and Lawrence and his wife. Despite his early enthusiasm for Davies' work, Lawrence's view cooled after reading <i>Foliage</i>; whilst in Italy, he also disparaged <i>Nature Poems</i>, calling them "so thin, one can hardly feel them".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the couple returned to Italy, staying in a cottage in Fiascherino on the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Spezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Spezia">Gulf of Spezia</a> Lawrence wrote the first draft of what would later be transformed into two of his best-known novels, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i> and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i>, in which unconventional female characters take centre stage. Both novels were highly controversial and were <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">banned</a> on publication in the UK for <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscenity</a>, although <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i> was banned only temporarily.
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:336px;max-width:336px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas,_Vale_of_Health,_Hampstead,_London,_NW3_1AR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas%2C_Vale_of_Health%2C_Hampstead%2C_London%2C_NW3_1AR.jpg/118px-D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas%2C_Vale_of_Health%2C_Hampstead%2C_London%2C_NW3_1AR.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas%2C_Vale_of_Health%2C_Hampstead%2C_London%2C_NW3_1AR.jpg/177px-D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas%2C_Vale_of_Health%2C_Hampstead%2C_London%2C_NW3_1AR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas%2C_Vale_of_Health%2C_Hampstead%2C_London%2C_NW3_1AR.jpg/236px-D_H_Lawrence_-_1_Byron_Villas%2C_Vale_of_Health%2C_Hampstead%2C_London%2C_NW3_1AR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:D.H._Lawrence_(4624457121).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D.H._Lawrence_%284624457121%29.jpg/210px-D.H._Lawrence_%284624457121%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D.H._Lawrence_%284624457121%29.jpg/315px-D.H._Lawrence_%284624457121%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D.H._Lawrence_%284624457121%29.jpg/420px-D.H._Lawrence_%284624457121%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="1744" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Lawrence's house in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Camden, London">Camden, London</a> in 1915, with a close up of the commemorative <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> at the address</div></div></div></div>
<p><i>The Rainbow</i> follows three generations of a Nottinghamshire farming family from the pre-industrial to the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial age">industrial age</a>, focusing particularly on a daughter, Ursula, and her aspiration for a more fulfilling life than that of becoming a housebound wife.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> <i>Women in Love</i> delves into the complex relationships between four major characters, including the sisters Ursula and Gudrun. Both novels explored grand themes and ideas that challenged conventional thought on <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>, politics, economic growth, gender, sexual experience, friendship and marriage. Lawrence's views as expressed in the novels are now thought to be far ahead of his time. The frank and relatively straightforward manner in which he wrote about <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">sexual attraction</a> was ostensibly why the books were initially banned, in particular the mention of same-sex attraction; Ursula has an affair with a woman in <i>The Rainbow</i>, and there is an undercurrent of attraction between the two principal male characters in <i>Women in Love</i>.
</p><p>While working on <i>Women in Love</i> in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> during 1916–17, Lawrence developed a strong relationship with a Cornish farmer named William Henry Hocking, which some scholars believe was possibly romantic, especially considering Lawrence's fascination with the theme of homosexuality in <i>Women in Love</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Although Lawrence never made it clear their relationship was sexual, Frieda believed it was.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> In a letter written during 1913, he writes, "I should like to know why nearly every man that approaches greatness tends to homosexuality, whether he admits it or not...."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> He is also quoted as saying, "I believe the nearest I've come to perfect love was with a young coal-miner when I was about 16."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> However, given his enduring and robust relationship with Frieda it is likely that he was primarily "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">bi-curious</a>", and whether he actually ever had homosexual relations remains an open question.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>Eventually, Frieda obtained her divorce from Ernest Weekley. Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain shortly before the outbreak of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and were legally married on 13 July 1914. During this time, Lawrence worked with London intellectuals and writers such as <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Marsden" title="Dora Marsden">Dora Marsden</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, and others connected with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Egoist_(periodical)" title="The Egoist (periodical)"><i>The Egoist</i></a>, an important <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Modernist</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_magazine" title="Literary magazine">literary magazine</a> that published some of his work. Lawrence also worked on adapting <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a>'s <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifesto_of_Futurism" title="Manifesto of Futurism">Manifesto of Futurism</a></i> into English.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> He also met the young Jewish artist <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Gertler_(artist)" title="Mark Gertler (artist)">Mark Gertler</a>, with whom he became good friends for a time; Lawrence would later express his admiration for Gertler's 1916 anti-war painting, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merry-Go-Round_(Gertler_painting)" title="Merry-Go-Round (Gertler painting)"><i>Merry-Go-Round</i></a> as "the best <i>modern</i> picture I have seen. . . it is great and true."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> Gertler would inspire the character Loerke (a sculptor) in <i>Women in Love</i>.
</p><p>Frieda's German parentage and Lawrence's open contempt for <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a> caused them to be viewed with suspicion and live in near-destitution during wartime Britain; this may have contributed to <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i> being suppressed and investigated for its alleged <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscenity</a> in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> Later, the couple were accused of spying and signaling to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">German submarines</a> off the coast of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, where they lived at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zennor" title="Zennor">Zennor</a>. During this period, Lawrence finished his final draft of <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i>. Not published until 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker.com_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com-22">[22]</a></sup> it is now widely recognized as a novel of great dramatic force and intellectual subtlety.
</p><p>In late 1917, after constant harassment by the armed forces and other authorities, Lawrence was forced to leave Cornwall at three days’ notice under the terms of the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_of_the_Realm_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence of the Realm Act">Defence of the Realm Act</a>. This persecution was later described in an autobiographical chapter of his novel <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_(novel)" title="Kangaroo (novel)"><i>Kangaroo</i></a> (1923). Lawrence spent a few months of early 1918 in the small, rural village of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitage,_Berkshire" title="Hermitage, Berkshire">Hermitage</a> near <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury, Berkshire</a>. Subsequently, he lived for just under a year (mid-1918 to early 1919) at Mountain Cottage, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleton-by-Wirksworth" title="Middleton-by-Wirksworth">Middleton-by-Wirksworth</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, where he wrote one of his most poetic short stories, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wintry_Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Wintry Peacock">Wintry Peacock</a></i>. Until 1919, poverty compelled him to shift from address to address.
</p><p>During this period, he barely survived a severe attack of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker.com_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com-22">[22]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>After the wartime years, Lawrence began what he termed his "savage pilgrimage", a time of voluntary exile from his native country. He escaped from Britain at the earliest practical opportunity and returned only twice for brief visits, spending the remainder of his life travelling with Frieda. This <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanderlust" title="Wanderlust">wanderlust</a> took him to Australia, Italy, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>), the United States, Mexico and the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">South of France</a>. Abandoning Britain in November 1919, they headed south, first to the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> region in central Italy and then onwards to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a> and the Fontana Vecchia in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Taormina</a>, Sicily. From Sicily they made brief excursions to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, Northern Italy, Austria and Southern Germany.
</p><p>Many of these places appear in Lawrence's writings, including <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Girl" title="The Lost Girl">The Lost Girl</a></i> (for which he won the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a> for fiction), <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%27s_Rod_(novel)" title="Aaron's Rod (novel)">Aaron's Rod</a></i> and the fragment titled <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr_Noon" title="Mr Noon">Mr Noon</a></i> (the first part of which was published in the Phoenix anthology of his works, and the entirety in 1984). He wrote <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Novellas">novellas</a> such as <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Doll" title="The Captain's Doll">The Captain's Doll</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_(novella)" title="The Fox (novella)">The Fox</a></i> and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ladybird" title="The Ladybird">The Ladybird</a></i>. In addition, some of his short stories were issued in the collection <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/England,_My_England_and_Other_Stories" title="England, My England and Other Stories">England, My England and Other Stories</a></i>. During these years Lawrence also wrote poems about the natural world in <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds,_Beasts_and_Flowers" title="Birds, Beasts and Flowers">Birds, Beasts and Flowers</a></i>.
</p><p>Lawrence is often considered one of the finest travel writers in English. His travel books include <i>Twilight in Italy</i>, <i>Etruscan Places</i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornings_in_Mexico" title="Mornings in Mexico">Mornings in Mexico</a></i>, and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_and_Sardinia" title="Sea and Sardinia">Sea and Sardinia</a></i>, which describes a brief journey he undertook in January 1921 and focuses on the life of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>’s people.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Less well known is his eighty-four page introduction to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Magnus" title="Maurice Magnus">Maurice Magnus</a>'s 1924 <i>Memoirs of the Foreign Legion</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> in which Lawrence recalls his visit to the monastery of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>.
</p><p>His other nonfiction books include two responses to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freudian</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>, <i>Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious</i> and <i>Fantasia of the Unconscious</i>; <i>Apocalypse and Other Writings on Revelation</i>; and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_in_European_History" title="Movements in European History">Movements in European History</a></i>, a school textbook published under a pseudonym, is a reflection of Lawrence's blighted reputation in Britain.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_and_career">Later life and career</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In late February 1922, the Lawrences left Europe intending to migrate to the United States. They sailed in an easterly direction, however, first to Ceylon and then on to Australia. During a short residence in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlington,_Western_Australia" title="Darlington, Western Australia">Darlington</a>, Western Australia, Lawrence met local writer <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollie_Skinner" title="Mollie Skinner">Mollie Skinner</a>, with whom he coauthored the novel <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Bush" title="The Boy in the Bush">The Boy in the Bush</a></i>. This stay was followed by a brief stop in the small coastal town of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirroul,_New_South_Wales" title="Thirroul, New South Wales">Thirroul</a>, New South Wales, during which Lawrence completed <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_(novel)" title="Kangaroo (novel)"><i>Kangaroo</i></a>, a novel about local fringe politics that also explored his wartime experiences in Cornwall.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
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The Lawrences finally arrived in the United States in September 1922. Lawrence had several times discussed the idea of setting up a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopian community">utopian community</a> with several of his friends, having written in 1915 to Willie Hopkin, his old <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> friend from Eastwood: </p><blockquote><p>"I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency … a place where one can live simply, apart from this civilisation … [with] a few other people who are also at peace and happy and live, and understand and be free.…"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup></p></blockquote><p>It was with this in mind that they made for <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a>, New Mexico, a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Pueblo</a> town where many white <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">"bohemians"</a> had settled, including <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Dodge_Luhan" title="Mabel Dodge Luhan">Mabel Dodge Luhan</a>, a prominent socialite. Here they eventually acquired the 160-acre (0.65 km<sup>2</sup>) Kiowa Ranch, now called the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Ranch" title="D. H. Lawrence Ranch">D. H. Lawrence Ranch</a>, in 1924 from Dodge Luhan in exchange for the manuscript of <i>The Plumed Serpent</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> The couple stayed in New Mexico for two years, with extended visits to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Chapala" title="Lake Chapala">Lake Chapala</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a> in Mexico. While Lawrence was in New Mexico, he was visited by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>.
</p><p>Editor and book designer <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Armitage" title="Merle Armitage">Merle Armitage</a> wrote a book about D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico. <i>Taos Quartet in Three Movements</i> was originally to appear in Flair Magazine, but the magazine folded before its publication. This short work describes the tumultuous relationship of D. H. Lawrence, his wife Frieda, artist <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Brett" title="Dorothy Brett">Dorothy Brett</a>, and Mabel Dodge Sterne Luhan. Armitage took it upon himself to print 16 hardcover copies of this work for his friends. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pousette-Dart" title="Richard Pousette-Dart">Richard Pousette-Dart</a> executed the drawings for <i>Taos Quartet</i>, published in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>While in the US, Lawrence rewrote and published <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studies_in_Classic_American_Literature" title="Studies in Classic American Literature">Studies in Classic American Literature</a></i>, a set of critical essays begun in 1917 and described by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Wilson" title="Edmund Wilson">Edmund Wilson</a> as "one of the few first-rate books that have ever been written on the subject".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> These interpretations, with their insights into <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolism</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">New England Transcendentalism</a> and the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritan sensibility</a>, were a significant factor in the revival of the reputation of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> during the early 1920s. In addition, Lawrence completed new fictional works, including <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Bush" title="The Boy in the Bush">The Boy in the Bush</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpent" title="The Plumed Serpent">The Plumed Serpent</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mawr" title="St Mawr">St Mawr</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Woman_who_Rode_Away" title="The Woman who Rode Away">The Woman who Rode Away</a></i>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princess_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Princess (story)"><i>The Princess</i></a> and other short stories. He also produced the collection of linked <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travel essays</a> that became <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornings_in_Mexico" title="Mornings in Mexico">Mornings in Mexico</a></i>.
</p><p>A brief voyage to England at the end of 1923 was a failure and Lawrence soon returned to Taos, convinced his life as an author now lay in the United States. However, in March 1925 he suffered a near fatal attack of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> while on a third visit to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. Although he eventually recovered, the diagnosis of his condition obliged him to return once again to Europe. He was dangerously ill and poor health limited his ability to travel for the remainder of his life. The Lawrences made their home in a villa in Northern Italy near <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, where he wrote <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsy" title="The Virgin and the Gypsy"><i>The Virgin and the Gipsy</i></a> and the various versions of <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (1928). The latter book, his last major novel, was initially published in private editions in Florence and Paris and reinforced his notoriety. A story set once more in Nottinghamshire about a cross-class relationship between a Lady and her gamekeeper, it broke new ground in describing their sexual relationship in explicit yet literary language. Lawrence hoped to challenge the British taboos around sex: to enable men and women "to think sex, fully, completely, honestly, and cleanly."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> Lawrence responded robustly to those who took offense, even publishing satirical poems (<i>Pansies</i> and <i>Nettles</i>) as well as a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">tract</a> on <i>Pornography and Obscenity</i>.
</p><p>The return to Italy allowed him to renew old friendships; during these years he was particularly close to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, who was to edit the first collection of Lawrence's letters after his death, along with a memoir.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> After Lawrence visited local archaeological sites (particularly old tombs) with artist <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Brewster" title="Earl Brewster">Earl Brewster</a> in April 1927, his collected essays inspired by the excursions were published as <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketches_of_Etruscan_Places_and_other_Italian_essays" class="mw-redirect" title="Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays">Sketches of Etruscan Places</a></i>, a book that contrasts the lively past with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s fascism.
Lawrence continued to produce short stories and other works of fiction such as <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Escaped_Cock" title="The Escaped Cock">The Escaped Cock</a></i> (also published as <i>The Man Who Died</i>), an unorthodox reworking of the story of Jesus Christ's <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a>.
</p><p>During his final years, Lawrence renewed his serious interest in oil painting. Official harassment persisted and an exhibition of his paintings at the Warren Gallery in London was raided by the police in mid 1929 and several works were confiscated.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DH_Lawrence_floor_stone,_Westminster_Abbey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/DH_Lawrence_floor_stone%2C_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/220px-DH_Lawrence_floor_stone%2C_Westminster_Abbey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/DH_Lawrence_floor_stone%2C_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/330px-DH_Lawrence_floor_stone%2C_Westminster_Abbey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/DH_Lawrence_floor_stone%2C_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/440px-DH_Lawrence_floor_stone%2C_Westminster_Abbey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="2709" /></a><figcaption>D. H. Lawrence's memorial stone in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, London</figcaption></figure>
<p>Lawrence continued to write despite his failing health. In his last months he wrote numerous poems, reviews and essays, as well as a robust defence of his last novel against those who sought to suppress it. His last significant work was a reflection on the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>, <i>Apocalypse</i>. After being discharged from a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a>, he died on 2 March 1930<sup id="cite_ref-nottingham1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nottingham1-6">[6]</a></sup> at the Villa Robermond in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vence" title="Vence">Vence</a>, France, from complications of tuberculosis. Frieda commissioned an elaborate headstone for his grave bearing a mosaic of his adopted emblem of the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">phoenix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> After Lawrence's death, Frieda lived with the couple's friend <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Ravagli" title="Angelo Ravagli">Angelo Ravagli</a> on their <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a> ranch and eventually married him in 1950. In 1935, Ravagli arranged, on Frieda's behalf, to have Lawrence's body exhumed and cremated. However, upon boarding the ship he learned he would have to pay taxes on the ashes, so he instead spread them in the Mediterranean, a more preferable resting place, in his opinion, than a concrete block in a chapel. The ashes brought back were dust and earth and remain interred on the Taos ranch in a small chapel amid the mountains of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_works">Written works</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Lawrence is best known for his novels <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers" title="Sons and Lovers">Sons and Lovers</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i> and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i>. In these books, Lawrence explores the possibilities for life within an industrial setting. In particular Lawrence is concerned with the nature of relationships that can be had within such a setting. Though often classed as a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">realist</a>, Lawrence in fact uses his characters to give form to his personal philosophy. His depiction of sexuality, seen as shocking when his work was first published in the early 20th century, has its roots in this highly personal way of thinking and being.
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Lawrence was very interested in the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_communication" title="Haptic communication">sense of touch</a>, and his focus on physical intimacy has its roots in a desire to restore an emphasis on the body and rebalance it with what he perceived to be Western civilization's overemphasis on the mind; in a 1929 essay, "Men Must Work and Women As Well," he wrote:</p><blockquote><p>"Now then we see the trend of our civilization, in terms of human feeling and human relation. It is, and there is no denying it, towards a greater and greater abstraction from the physical, towards a further and further physical separateness between men and women, and between individual and individual.... It only remains for some men and women, individuals, to try to get back their bodies and preserve the other flow of warmth, affection and physical unison. There is nothing else to do." <i>Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D.H. Lawrence</i>, ed. Warren Roberts and Harry T. Moore (New York: The Viking Press, 1968), pp. 589, 591.</p></blockquote><p>In his later years Lawrence developed the potentialities of the short novel form in <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mawr" title="St Mawr">St Mawr</a></i>, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsy" title="The Virgin and the Gypsy">The Virgin and the Gypsy</a></i> and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Escaped_Cock" title="The Escaped Cock">The Escaped Cock</a></i>.
</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_stories">Short stories</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Lawrence's best-known short stories include "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Doll" title="The Captain's Doll">The Captain's Doll</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_(short_story)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fox (short story)">The Fox</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ladybird" title="The Ladybird">The Ladybird</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odour_of_Chrysanthemums" title="Odour of Chrysanthemums">Odour of Chrysanthemums</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princess_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Princess (story)">The Princess</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winner" title="The Rocking-Horse Winner">The Rocking-Horse Winner</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mawr" title="St Mawr">St Mawr</a>", "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsy" title="The Virgin and the Gypsy">The Virgin and the Gypsy</a>" and "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Woman_who_Rode_Away" title="The Woman who Rode Away">The Woman who Rode Away</a>". (<i>The Virgin and the Gypsy</i> was published as a novella after he died.) Among his most praised collections is <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prussian_Officer_and_Other_Stories" title="The Prussian Officer and Other Stories">The Prussian Officer and Other Stories</a></i>, published in 1914. His collection <i>The Woman Who Rode Away and Other Stories</i>, published in 1928, develops the theme of leadership that Lawrence also explored in novels such as <i>Kangaroo</i> and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpent" title="The Plumed Serpent">The Plumed Serpent</a></i> and the story <i>Fanny and Annie</i>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Lawrence wrote almost 800 poems, most of them relatively short. His first poems were written in 1904 and two of his poems, "Dreams Old" and "Dreams Nascent", were among his earliest published works in <i>The English Review</i>. It has been claimed that his early works clearly place him in the school of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian poets">Georgian poets</a>, and indeed some of his poems appear in the <i>Georgian Poetry</i> anthologies. However, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Reeves_(writer)" title="James Reeves (writer)">James Reeves</a> in his book on Georgian Poetry,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> notes that Lawrence was never really a Georgian poet. Indeed, later critics<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> contrast Lawrence's energy and dynamism with the complacency of Georgian poetry.
</p><p>Just as the First World War dramatically changed the work of many of the poets who saw service in the trenches, Lawrence's own work dramatically changed, during his years in Cornwall. During this time, he wrote <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_verse" title="Free verse">free verse</a> influenced by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> He set forth his manifesto for much of his later verse in the introduction to <i>New Poems</i>. "We can get rid of the stereotyped movements and the old hackneyed associations of sound or sense. We can break down those artificial conduits and canals through which we do so love to force our utterance. We can break the stiff neck of habit […] But we cannot positively prescribe any motion, any rhythm."
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Lawrence rewrote some of his early poems when they were collected in 1928. This was in part to fictionalise them, but also to remove some of the artifice of his first works. As he put it himself: "A young man is afraid of his demon and puts his hand over the demon's mouth sometimes and speaks for him."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> His best-known poems are probably those dealing with nature such as those in the collection <i>Birds, Beasts and Flowers</i>, including the Tortoise poems, and "Snake", one of his most frequently anthologised, displays some of his most frequent concerns: those of man's modern distance from nature and subtle hints at religious themes.</p><blockquote><div class="poem">
<p>In the deep, strange-scented shade of the great dark carob tree<br />
I came down the steps with my pitcher<br />
And must wait, must stand and wait, for there he was at the trough before me.<br />
(From "Snake")
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<p><i>Look! We have come through!</i> is his other work from the period of the end of the war and it reveals another important element common to much of his writings; his inclination to lay himself bare in his writings. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> in his <i>Literary Essays</i> complained of Lawrence's interest in his own "disagreeable sensations" but praised him for his "low-life narrative." This is a reference to Lawrence's dialect poems akin to the Scots poems of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>, in which he reproduced the language and concerns of the people of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a> from his youth.
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<p>Tha thought tha wanted ter be rid o' me.<br />
'Appen tha did, an' a'.<br />
Tha thought tha wanted ter marry an' se<br />
If ter couldna be master an' th' woman's boss,<br />
Tha'd need a woman different from me,<br />
An' tha knowed it; ay, yet tha comes across<br />
Ter say goodbye! an' a'.<br />
(From "The Drained Cup")
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<p>Although Lawrence's works after his Georgian period are clearly in the modernist tradition, they were often very different from those of many other <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">modernist</a> writers, such as Pound. Pound's poems were often austere, with every word carefully worked on. Lawrence felt all poems had to be personal sentiments, and that a sense of spontaneity was vital. He called one collection of poems <i>Pansies</i>, partly for the simple ephemeral nature of the verse, but also as a pun on the French word <i>panser</i>, to dress or bandage a wound. "Pansies", as he made explicit in the introduction to <i>New Poems</i>, is also a pun on <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>'s <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pens%C3%A9es" title="Pensées">Pensées</a></i>. "The Noble Englishman" and "Don't Look at Me" were removed from the official edition of <i>Pansies</i> on the grounds of obscenity, which wounded him. Even though he lived most of the last ten years of his life abroad, his thoughts were often still on England. Published in 1930, just eleven days after his death, his last work <i>Nettles</i> was a series of bitter, nettling but often wry attacks on the moral climate of England.
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<p>O the stale old dogs who pretend to guard<br />
the morals of the masses,<br />
how smelly they make the great back-yard<br />
wetting after everyone that passes.<br />
(From "The Young and Their Moral Guardians")
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<p>Two notebooks of Lawrence's unprinted verse were posthumously published as <i>Last Poems</i> and <i>More Pansies</i>. These contain two of Lawrence's most famous poems about death, "Bavarian Gentians" and "The Ship of Death".
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_criticism">Literary criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Lawrence's criticism of other authors often provides insight into his own thinking and writing. Of particular note is his <i>Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> In <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studies_in_Classic_American_Literature" title="Studies in Classic American Literature">Studies in Classic American Literature</a></i> Lawrence's responses to writers like <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> also shed light on his craft.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Lawrence wrote <i>A Collier's Friday Night</i> about 1906–1909, though it was not published until 1939 and not performed until 1965. He wrote <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daughter-in-Law" title="The Daughter-in-Law">The Daughter-in-Law</a></i> in 1913, though it was not staged until 1967, when it was well received. In 1911 he wrote <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Widowing_of_Mrs._Holroyd" title="The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd">The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd</a></i>, which he revised in 1914; it was staged in the US in 1916 and in the UK in 1920, in an amateur production. It was filmed in 1976; an adaptation was shown on television (BBC 2) in 1995. He also wrote <i>Touch and Go</i> towards the end of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and his last play, <i>David</i>, in 1925.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>D. H. Lawrence had a lifelong interest in painting, which became one of his main forms of expression in his last years. His paintings were exhibited at the Warren Gallery in London's <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayfair" title="Mayfair">Mayfair</a> in 1929. The exhibition was extremely controversial, with many of the 13,000 people visiting mainly to gawk. The <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i> claimed, "<i>Fight with an Amazon</i> represents a hideous, bearded man holding a fair-haired woman in his lascivious grip while wolves with dripping jaws look on expectantly, [this] is frankly indecent".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> However, several artists and art experts praised the paintings. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwen_John" title="Gwen John">Gwen John</a>, reviewing the exhibition in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everyman_(magazine)" title="Everyman (magazine)"><i>Everyman</i></a>, spoke of Lawrence's "stupendous gift of self-expression" and singled out <i>The Finding of Moses</i>, <i>Red Willow Trees</i> and <i>Boccaccio Story</i> as "pictures of real beauty and great vitality". Others singled out <i>Contadini</i> for special praise. After a complaint, the police seized thirteen of the twenty-five paintings, including <i>Boccaccio Story</i> and <i>Contadini</i>. Despite declarations of support from many writers, artists, and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">members of Parliament</a>, Lawrence was able to recover his paintings only by agreeing never to exhibit them in England again. Years after his death, his widow Frieda asked artist and friend <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Glasco" title="Joseph Glasco">Joseph Glasco</a> to arrange an exhibition of Lawrence’s paintings, which he discussed with his gallerist Catherine Viviano.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> The largest collection of the paintings is now at La Fonda de Taos<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> hotel in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos, New Mexico</a>. Several others, including <i>Boccaccio Story</i> and <i>Resurrection</i>, are at the Humanities Research Centre of the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lady_Chatterley_trial"><i>Lady Chatterley</i> trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_v_Penguin_Books_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="R v Penguin Books Ltd.">R v Penguin Books Ltd.</a></div>
<p>A heavily censored abridgement of <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> was published in the United States by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a> in 1928. This edition was posthumously reissued in paperback in the United States by both Signet Books and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> The first unexpurgated edition of <i>Lady Chatterley’s Lover</i> was printed in July 1928 in Florence by a small publisher, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Orioli" title="Giuseppe Orioli">Giuseppe Orioli</a>: 1000 copies in a very good print, according D. H. Lawrence, who wrote a thank-you poem to Orioli. When the unexpurgated edition of <i>Lady Chatterley's Lover</i> was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscene_Publications_Act_1959" title="Obscene Publications Act 1959">Obscene Publications Act of 1959</a> became a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law. The 1959 act (introduced by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>) had made it possible for publishers to escape conviction if they could show that a work was of literary merit. One of the objections was to the frequent use of the word "fuck" and its derivatives and the word "<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunt" title="Cunt">cunt</a>".
</p><p>Various academic critics and experts of diverse kinds, including <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gardner_(critic)" title="Helen Gardner (critic)">Helen Gardner</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hoggart" title="Richard Hoggart">Richard Hoggart</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_St_John-Stevas" title="Norman St John-Stevas">Norman St John-Stevas</a>, were called as witnesses, and the verdict, delivered on 2 November 1960, was "not guilty". This resulted in a far greater degree of freedom for publishing explicit material in the UK. The prosecution was ridiculed for being out of touch with changing social norms when the chief prosecutor, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_Griffith-Jones" title="Mervyn Griffith-Jones">Mervyn Griffith-Jones</a>, asked if it were the kind of book "you would wish your wife or servants to read".
</p><p>The Penguin second edition, published in 1961, contains a publisher's dedication, which reads: "For having published this book, Penguin Books were prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act, 1959 at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a> in London from 20 October to 2 November 1960. This edition is therefore dedicated to the twelve jurors, three women and nine men, who returned a verdict of 'Not Guilty' and thus made D. H. Lawrence's last novel available for the first time to the public in the United Kingdom."
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy_and_politics">Philosophy and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Despite often writing about political, spiritual and philosophical matters, Lawrence was essentially contrary by nature and hated to be pigeonholed.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> Critics such as <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> have argued that Lawrence was <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> due to his lukewarm attitude to democracy, which he intimated would tend towards the leveling down of society and the subordination of the individual to the sensibilities of the "average" man. In his letters to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> around 1915, Lawrence voiced his opposition to enfranchising the working class and his hostility to the burgeoning labour movements, and disparaged the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, referring to "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity" as the "three-fanged serpent." Rather than a republic, Lawrence called for an absolute dictator and equivalent dictatrix to lord over the lower peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> In 1953, recalling his relationship with Lawrence in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">the First World War</a>, Russell characterised Lawrence as a "proto-German Fascist," saying "I was a firm believer in democracy, whereas he had developed the whole philosophy of Fascism before the politicians had thought of it."<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-48">[48]</a></sup> Russell felt Lawrence to be a <i>positive force for evil</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> However, in 1924 Lawrence wrote an epilogue to <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_in_European_History" title="Movements in European History">Movements in European History</a></i> (a textbook he wrote, originally published in 1921) in which he denounced fascism and Soviet-style socialism as bullying and “a mere worship of Force”. Further, he declared “I believe a good form of socialism, if it could be brought about, would be the best form of government.”<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> In the late 1920s, he told his sister he would vote Labour if he was living back in England.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> In general, though, Lawrence disliked any organized groupings, and in his essay <i>Democracy</i>, written in the late twenties, he argued for a new kind of democracy in which
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<blockquote><p>each man shall be spontaneously himself – each man himself, each woman herself, without any question of equality or inequality entering in at all; and that no man shall try to determine the being of any other man, or of any other woman.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>Lawrence held seemingly contradictory views on feminism. The evidence of his written works, particularly his earlier novels, indicates a commitment to representing women as strong, independent, and complex; he produced major works in which young, self-directing female characters were central. In his youth he supported extending the vote to women, and he once wrote, “All women in their natures are like giantesses. They will break through everything and go on with their own lives.”<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> However, some feminist critics, notably <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a>, have criticised, indeed ridiculed, Lawrence's <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender politics">sexual politics</a>, Millett claiming that he uses his female characters as mouthpieces to promote his creed of male supremacy and that his story <i>The Woman Who Rode Away</i> showed Lawrence as a pornographic sadist with its portrayal of “human sacrifice performed upon the woman to the greater glory and potency of the male.”<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Maddox" title="Brenda Maddox">Brenda Maddox</a> further highlights this story and two others written around the same time, <i>St. Mawr</i> and <i>The Princess</i>, as “masterworks of misogyny.”<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite the inconsistency and at times inscrutability of his philosophical writings, Lawrence continues to find an audience, and the publication of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cambridge_Edition_of_the_Letters_and_Works_of_D._H._Lawrence" title="The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence">a new scholarly edition of his letters</a> and writings has demonstrated the range of his achievement. Philosophers like <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Félix Guattari</a> found in Lawrence's critique of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> an important precursor of anti-Oedipal accounts of the unconscious that has been much influential.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_reputation">Posthumous reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence,_Nottingham_castle,_uk_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="This bust of DH Lawrence at Nottingham Castle has now been moved to the grounds of Newstead Abbey." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence%2C_Nottingham_castle%2C_uk_.jpg/170px-Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence%2C_Nottingham_castle%2C_uk_.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence%2C_Nottingham_castle%2C_uk_.jpg/255px-Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence%2C_Nottingham_castle%2C_uk_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence%2C_Nottingham_castle%2C_uk_.jpg/340px-Statue_of_D.H._Lawrence%2C_Nottingham_castle%2C_uk_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Bust of D. H. Lawrence at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham_Castle" title="Nottingham Castle">Nottingham Castle</a></figcaption></figure><p>
The obituaries shortly after Lawrence's death were, with the exception of the one by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>, unsympathetic or hostile. However, there were those who articulated a more favourable recognition of the significance of this author's life and works. For example, his long-time friend <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Carswell" title="Catherine Carswell">Catherine Carswell</a> summed up his life in a letter to the periodical <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_Tide_(magazine)" title="Time and Tide (magazine)">Time and Tide</a></i> published on 16 March 1930. In response to his critics, she wrote:</p><blockquote><p>In the face of formidable initial disadvantages and lifelong delicacy, poverty that lasted for three quarters of his life and hostility that survives his death, he did nothing that he did not really want to do, and all that he most wanted to do he did. He went all over the world, he owned a ranch, he lived in the most beautiful corners of Europe, and met whom he wanted to meet and told them that they were wrong and he was right. He painted and made things, and sang, and rode. He wrote something like three dozen books, of which even the worst page dances with life that could be mistaken for no other man's, while the best are admitted, even by those who hate him, to be unsurpassed. Without vices, with most human virtues, the husband of one wife, scrupulously honest, this estimable citizen yet managed to keep free from the shackles of civilisation and the cant of literary cliques. He would have laughed lightly and cursed venomously in passing at the solemn owls—each one secretly chained by the leg—who now conduct his inquest. To do his work and lead his life in spite of them took some doing, but he did it, and long after they are forgotten, sensitive and innocent people—if any are left—will turn Lawrence's pages and will know from them what sort of a rare man Lawrence was.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Aldous Huxley also defended Lawrence in his introduction to a collection of letters published in 1932. However, the most influential advocate of Lawrence's literary reputation was <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> literary critic <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._R._Leavis" title="F. R. Leavis">F. R. Leavis</a>, who asserted that the author had made an important contribution to the tradition of English fiction. Leavis stressed that <i>The Rainbow</i>, <i>Women in Love</i>, and the short stories and tales were major works of art. Later, the obscenity trials over the unexpurgated edition of <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> in America in 1959, and in Britain in 1960, and subsequent publication of the full text, ensured Lawrence's popularity (and notoriety) with a wider public.
</p><p>Since 2008, an annual D. H. Lawrence Festival has been organised in Eastwood to celebrate Lawrence's life and works; in September 2016, events were held in Cornwall to celebrate the centenary of Lawrence's connection with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zennor" title="Zennor">Zennor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_depictions_of_Lawrence's_life"><span id="Selected_depictions_of_Lawrence.27s_life"></span>Selected depictions of Lawrence's life</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest_of_Love" title="Priest of Love">Priest of Love</a></i>: a 1981 film based on the non-fiction biography of Lawrence with the same title. It stars <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> as Lawrence. The film is mostly focused on Lawrence's time in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos, New Mexico</a>, and Italy, although the source biography covers most of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Coming Through</i>: a 1985 film about Lawrence, who is portrayed by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zennor_in_Darkness" title="Zennor in Darkness">Zennor in Darkness</a></i>: a 1993 novel by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Dunmore" title="Helen Dunmore">Helen Dunmore</a> in which Lawrence and his wife feature prominently.</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Rocks_(2008_play)" title="On the Rocks (2008 play)">On the Rocks</a></i>: a 2008 stage play by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Rosenthal" title="Amy Rosenthal">Amy Rosenthal</a> showing Lawrence, his wife Frieda Lawrence, short-story writer Katherine Mansfield and critic and editor John Middleton Murry in Cornwall in 1916–17.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>LAWRENCE – Scandalous! Censored! Banned!</i>: A musical based on the life of Lawrence. Winner of the 2009 Marquee Theatre Award for Best Original Musical. Received its London premiere in October 2013 at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridewell_Theatre" title="Bridewell Theatre">Bridewell Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Husbands and Sons</i>: A stage play adapted by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Power" title="Ben Power">Ben Power</a> from three of Lawrence's plays, <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daughter-in-Law" title="The Daughter-in-Law">The Daughter-in-Law</a></i>, <i>A Collier’s Friday Night</i>, and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Widowing_of_Mrs_Holroyd" class="mw-redirect" title="The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd">The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd</a></i>, which were each based on Lawrence's formative years in the mining community of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood,_Nottinghamshire" title="Eastwood, Nottinghamshire">Eastwood</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a>. <i>Husbands and Sons</i> was co-produced by the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theater</a> and the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_Manchester" title="Royal Exchange, Manchester">Royal Exchange Theater</a> and directed by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Elliott_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianne Elliott (director)">Marianne Elliott</a> in London in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Frieda: The Original Lady Chatterley</i> (<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>, 2019): a novel by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annabel_Abbs" title="Annabel Abbs">Annabel Abbs</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels_2">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Peacock" title="The White Peacock">The White Peacock</a></i> (1911)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trespasser_(novel)" title="The Trespasser (novel)">The Trespasser</a></i> (1912)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers" title="Sons and Lovers">Sons and Lovers</a></i> (1913)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i> (1915)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i> (1920)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Girl" title="The Lost Girl">The Lost Girl</a></i> (1920)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%27s_Rod_(novel)" title="Aaron's Rod (novel)">Aaron's Rod</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_(novel)" title="Kangaroo (novel)">Kangaroo</a></i> (1923)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Bush" title="The Boy in the Bush">The Boy in the Bush</a></i> (1924), coauthored with M.L. (Mollie or Molly) Skinner</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpent" title="The Plumed Serpent">The Plumed Serpent</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Escaped_Cock" title="The Escaped Cock">The Escaped Cock</a></i> (1929), republished as <i>The Man Who Died</i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short-story_collections">Short-story collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prussian_Officer_and_Other_Stories" title="The Prussian Officer and Other Stories">The Prussian Officer and Other Stories</a></i> (1914)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/England,_My_England_and_Other_Stories" title="England, My England and Other Stories">England, My England and Other Stories</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li><i>The Complete Short Stories</i> (1922) Three volumes, reissued in 1961 by The Viking Press, Inc.</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_(novella)" title="The Fox (novella)">The Fox</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Doll" title="The Captain's Doll">The Captain's Doll</a>, The Ladybird</i> (1923)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mawr" title="St Mawr">St Mawr</a> and Other Stories</i> (1925)</li>
<li><i>The Woman who Rode Away and Other Stories</i> (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winner" title="The Rocking-Horse Winner">The Rocking-Horse Winner</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gipsy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Virgin and the Gipsy">The Virgin and the Gipsy</a> and Other Stories</i> (1930)</li>
<li><i>Love Among the Haystacks and Other Pieces</i> (1930)</li>
<li><i>The Lovely Lady and Other Tales</i> (1932)</li>
<li><i>The Tales of D.H. Lawrence</i> (1934) – Heinemann</li>
<li><i>Collected Stories</i> (1994) – Everyman's Library</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collected_letters">Collected letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume I, September 1901 – May 1913</i>, ed. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T._Boulton" class="mw-redirect" title="James T. Boulton">James T. Boulton</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1979, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22147-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22147-1">0-521-22147-1</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume II, June 1913 – October 1916</i>, ed. George J. Zytaruk and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1981, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23111-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23111-6">0-521-23111-6</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume III, October 1916 – June 1921</i>, ed. James T. Boulton and Andrew Robertson, Cambridge University Press, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23112-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23112-4">0-521-23112-4</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume IV, June 1921 – March 1924 </i>, ed. Warren Roberts, James T. Boulton and Elizabeth Mansfield, Cambridge University Press, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00695-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00695-3">0-521-00695-3</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume V, March 1924 – March 1927</i>, ed. James T. Boulton and Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00696-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00696-1">0-521-00696-1</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VI, March 1927 – November 1928 </i>, ed. James T. Boulton and Margaret Boulton with Gerald M. Lacy, Cambridge University Press, 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00698-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00698-8">0-521-00698-8</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VII, November 1928 – February 1930</i>, ed. Keith Sagar and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00699-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00699-6">0-521-00699-6</a></li>
<li><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, with index, Volume VIII</i>, ed. James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23117-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23117-5">0-521-23117-5</a></li>
<li><i>The Selected Letters of D. H. Lawrence</i>, Compiled and edited by James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-40115-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-40115-1">0-521-40115-1</a></li>
<li><i>D. H. Lawrence's Letters to Bertrand Russell</i>, edited by Harry T. Moore, New York: Gotham Book Mart, 1948.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry_collections">Poetry collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i>Love Poems and others</i> (1913)</li>
<li><i>Amores</i> (1916)</li>
<li><i>Look! We have come through!</i> (1917)</li>
<li><i>New Poems</i> (1918)</li>
<li><i>Bay: a book of poems</i> (1919)</li>
<li><i>Tortoises</i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds,_Beasts_and_Flowers" title="Birds, Beasts and Flowers">Birds, Beasts and Flowers</a></i> (1923)</li>
<li><i>The Collected Poems of D H Lawrence</i> (1928)</li>
<li><i>Pansies</i> (1929)</li>
<li><i>Nettles</i> (1930)</li>
<li><i>The Triumph of the Machine</i> (1930; one of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>'s <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Poems_(Faber)" title="Ariel Poems (Faber)">Ariel Poems</a> series, illustrated by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Althea_Willoughby" title="Althea Willoughby">Althea Willoughby</a>)</li>
<li><i>Last Poems</i> (1932)</li>
<li><i>Fire and other poems</i> (1940)</li>
<li><i>The Complete Poems of D.H. Lawrence</i> (1964), ed. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_de_Sola_Pinto" title="Vivian de Sola Pinto">Vivian de Sola Pinto</a> and F. Warren Roberts</li>
<li><i>The White Horse</i> (1964)</li>
<li><i>D.H. Lawrence: Selected Poems</i> (1972), ed. Keith Sagar.</li>
<li><i>Snake and Other Poems</i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays_2">Plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daughter-in-Law" title="The Daughter-in-Law">The Daughter-in-Law</a></i> (1913)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Widowing_of_Mrs._Holroyd" title="The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd">The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd</a></i> (1914)</li>
<li><i>Touch and Go</i> (1920)</li>
<li><i>David</i> (1926)</li>
<li><i>The Fight for Barbara</i> (1933)</li>
<li><i>A Collier's Friday Night</i> (1934)</li>
<li><i>The Married Man</i> (1940)</li>
<li><i>The Merry-Go-Round</i> (1941)</li>
<li><i>The Complete Plays of D.H. Lawrence</i> (1965)</li>
<li><i>The Plays</i>, edited by Hans-Wilhelm Schwarze and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24277-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24277-0">0-521-24277-0</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-fiction_books_and_pamphlets">Non-fiction books and pamphlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Study_of_Thomas_Hardy_and_Other_Essays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays (page does not exist)">Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays</a></i> (1914), edited by Bruce Steele, Cambridge University Press, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-25252-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-25252-0">0-521-25252-0</a>, Literary criticism and metaphysics</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_in_European_History" title="Movements in European History">Movements in European History</a></i> (1921), edited by Philip Crumpton, Cambridge University Press, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26201-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26201-1">0-521-26201-1</a>, Originally published under the name of Lawrence H. Davison</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis_and_the_Unconscious&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious (page does not exist)">Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious</a></i> and <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fantasia_of_the_Unconscious&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fantasia of the Unconscious (page does not exist)">Fantasia of the Unconscious</a></i> (1921/1922), edited by Bruce Steele, Cambridge University Press, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-32791-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-32791-1">0-521-32791-1</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studies_in_Classic_American_Literature" title="Studies in Classic American Literature">Studies in Classic American Literature</a></i> (1923), edited by Ezra Greenspan, Lindeth Vasey and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a>, Cambridge University Press, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55016-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55016-5">0-521-55016-5</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reflections_on_the_Death_of_a_Porcupine_and_Other_Essays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays (page does not exist)">Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays</a></i> (1925), edited by Michael Herbert, Cambridge University Press, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26622-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26622-X">0-521-26622-X</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Propos_of_Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover (page does not exist)">A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (1929) – Lawrence wrote this pamphlet to explain his novel.</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Skirmish_With_Jolly_Roger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My Skirmish With Jolly Roger (page does not exist)">My Skirmish With Jolly Roger</a></i> (1929), Random House – expanded into <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Propos_of_Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover (page does not exist)">A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse_and_the_Writings_on_Revelation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation (page does not exist)">Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation</a></i> (1931), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22407-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22407-1">0-521-22407-1</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoenix:_The_Posthumous_Papers_of_D._H._Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence (page does not exist)">Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence</a></i> (1936)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_II:_Uncollected,_Unpublished,_and_Other_Prose_Works_by_D._H._Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence (page does not exist)">Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence</a></i> (1968)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introductions_and_Reviews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introductions and Reviews (page does not exist)">Introductions and Reviews</a></i>, edited by N. H. Reeve and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a>, Cambridge University Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-83584-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-83584-4">0-521-83584-4</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Late_Essays_and_Articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late Essays and Articles (page does not exist)">Late Essays and Articles</a></i>, edited by James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-58431-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-58431-0">0-521-58431-0</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selected_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selected Letters (page does not exist)">Selected Letters</a></i>, Oneworld Classics, 2008. Edited by James T. Boulton. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84749-049-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84749-049-0">978-1-84749-049-0</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Adelphi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New Adelphi (page does not exist)">The New Adelphi</a></i>, June-August 1930 issue, edited by John Middleton Murry. Includes, by Lawrence, ″Nottingham and the Mining Countryside,″ Nine Letters (1918–1919) to Katherine Mansfield, and Selected Passages from non-fiction works. Also includes essays on Lawrence by John Middleton Murry, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_West" title="Rebecca West">Rebecca West</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Plowman" title="Max Plowman">Max Plowman</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_Frank" title="Waldo Frank">Waldo Frank</a>, and others.</li>
<li>Memoir of <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Magnus" title="Maurice Magnus">Maurice Magnus</a>, Keith Cushman, ed. 1 December 1987, Black Sparrow Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87685-716-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87685-716-8">978-0-87685-716-8</a>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87685-716-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87685-716-0">0-87685-716-0</a> This book includes the unexpurgated version of Lawrence's introduction to Magnus's <i>Memoirs of the Foreign Legion</i> and related material.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel_books">Travel books</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i>Twilight in Italy and Other Essays</i> (1916), edited by Paul Eggert, Cambridge University Press, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26888-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26888-5">0-521-26888-5</a>. <i>Twilight in Italy</i> paperback reissue, I.B. Tauris, 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-965-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-965-3">978-1-78076-965-3</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_and_Sardinia" title="Sea and Sardinia">Sea and Sardinia</a></i> (1921), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24275-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24275-4">0-521-24275-4</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornings_in_Mexico" title="Mornings in Mexico">Mornings in Mexico</a> and Other Essays</i> (1927), edited by Virginia Crosswhite Hyde, Cambridge University Press, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65292-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65292-6">978-0-521-65292-6</a>.</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketches_of_Etruscan_Places_and_Other_Italian_Essays" title="Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays">Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays</a></i> (1932), edited by Simonetta de Filippis, Cambridge University Press, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-25253-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-25253-9">0-521-25253-9</a>; <i>Etruscan Places</i>, New York: The Viking Press (1932).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_translated_by_Lawrence">Works translated by Lawrence</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Shestov" title="Lev Shestov">Lev Isaakovich Shestov</a> <i>All Things are Possible</i> (1920)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Alekseyevich_Bunin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin">Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin</a> <i>The Gentleman from San Francisco</i> (1922), tr. with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._S._Koteliansky" title="S. S. Koteliansky">S. S. Koteliansky</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Verga" title="Giovanni Verga">Giovanni Verga</a> <i>Mastro-Don Gesualdo</i> (1923)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Verga" title="Giovanni Verga">Giovanni Verga</a> <i>Little Novels of Sicily</i> (1925)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Verga" title="Giovanni Verga">Giovanni Verga</a> <i>Cavalleria Rusticana and other stories</i> (1928)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Francesco_Grazzini" title="Antonio Francesco Grazzini">Antonio Francesco Grazzini</a> (Lasca) <i>The Story of Doctor Manente</i> (1929)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manuscripts_and_early_drafts_of_works">Manuscripts and early drafts of works</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i>Paul Morel</i> (1911–12), edited by Helen Baron, Cambridge University Press, 2003 (first publication), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56009-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56009-8">0-521-56009-8</a>, an early manuscript version of <i>Sons and Lovers</i></li>
<li><i>The First Women in Love</i> (1916–17) edited by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a> and Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-37326-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-37326-3">0-521-37326-3</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr_Noon" title="Mr Noon">Mr Noon</a></i> (unfinished novel) Parts I and II, edited by Lindeth Vasey, Cambridge University Press, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-25251-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-25251-2">0-521-25251-2</a></li>
<li><i>The Symbolic Meaning: The Uncollected Versions of Studies in Classic American Literature</i>, edited by Armin Arnold, Centaur Press, 1962</li>
<li><i>Quetzalcoatl</i> (1925), edited by Louis L Martz, W W Norton Edition, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8112-1385-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8112-1385-4">0-8112-1385-4</a>, Early draft of <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpent" title="The Plumed Serpent">The Plumed Serpent</a></i></li>
<li><i>The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels</i>, edited by Dieter Mehl and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christa_Jansohn" title="Christa Jansohn">Christa Jansohn</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-47116-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-47116-8">0-521-47116-8</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paintings">Paintings</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><i>The Paintings of D. H. Lawrence</i>, London: Mandrake Press, 1929.</li>
<li><i>D. H. Lawrence's Paintings</i>, ed. Keith Sagar, London: Chaucer Press, 2003.</li>
<li><i>The Collected Art Works of D. H. Lawrence</i>, ed. Tetsuji Kohno, Tokyo: Sogensha, 2004.</li></ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /></span></span> </span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren Roberts, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boulton" title="James Boulton">James T. Boulton</a>, and Elizabeth Mansfield (eds.), <i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence</i>, 2002, letter to J. M. Murry, 2 February 1923, p. 375</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. M. Forster, letter to <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation_and_Atheneum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nation and Atheneum">The Nation and Atheneum</a></i>, 29 March 1930</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2024" class="citation web cs1">Gillespie, Gavin (9 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dh-lawrence.co.uk/">"D.H. Lawrence - An illustrated biography. His life, death, and thereafter, containing unique photographs of the area where he was born"</a>. <i>DH Lawrence's Eastwood</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020604112958/http://www.lawrenceseastwood.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2001</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DH+Lawrence%27s+Eastwood&rft.atitle=D.H.+Lawrence+-+An+illustrated+biography.+His+life%2C+death%2C+and+thereafter%2C+containing+unique+photographs+of+the+area+where+he+was+born.&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.dh-lawrence.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a>, 3 December 1926.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jun/13/dh.lawrence">D.H. Lawrence</a> (22 July 2008). <i>TheGuardian.com</i>. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nottingham1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/biography.aspx">"Brief Biography of DH Lawrence - the University of Nottingham"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+Biography+of+DH+Lawrence+-+the+University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmanuscriptsandspecialcollections%2Fcollectionsindepth%2Flawrence%2Fbiography.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nottingham1908-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham1908_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham1908_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter1.aspx">"Chapter 1: Background and youth: 1885-1908 - the University of Nottingham"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+1%3A+Background+and+youth%3A+1885-1908+-+the+University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmanuscriptsandspecialcollections%2Fcollectionsindepth%2Flawrence%2Fextendedbiography%2Fchapter1.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nottingham2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nottingham2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/lawrence/extendedbiography/chapter2.aspx">"Chapter 2: London and first publication: 1908-1912 - the University of Nottingham"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+2%3A+London+and+first+publication%3A+1908-1912+-+the+University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmanuscriptsandspecialcollections%2Fcollectionsindepth%2Flawrence%2Fextendedbiography%2Fchapter2.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chambers Wood<i>,</i> Jessie (1935) <i>D.H. Lawrence: A Personal Record.</i> Jonathan Cape. p. 182.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Worthen, John (2005) <i>D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.</i> Allen Lane. p. 132.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One of the eight chapters in <i>Windswept: Walking the Paths of Trailblazing Women</i>, by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annabel_Abbs" title="Annabel Abbs">Annabel Abbs</a> (<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_House" title="Tin House">Tin House</a> Books, 2021), is about Frieda Lawrence.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stonesifer, Richard James (1963), <i>W. H. Davies: A Critical Biography</i>. Jonathan Cape.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Worthen, John (2005) <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.</i> Allen Lane. p. 159.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddox, Brenda (1994), <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage.</i> New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 244 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-68712-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-68712-3">0-671-68712-3</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spalding, Francis (1997), <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Grant" title="Duncan Grant">Duncan Grant</a>: A Biography</i>. p. 169: "Lawrence's views [i.e., warning <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Garnett" title="David Garnett">David Garnett</a> against homosexual tendencies], as <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quentin_Bell" title="Quentin Bell">Quentin Bell</a> was the first to suggest and S. P. Rosenbaum has argued conclusively, were stirred by a dread of his own homosexual susceptibilities, which are revealed in his writings, notably the cancelled prologue to <i>Women in Love.</i>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to Henry Savage, 2 December 1913</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <i>My Life and Times, Octave Five, 1918–1923</i> by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_MacKenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Compton MacKenzie">Compton MacKenzie</a> pp. 167–168</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddox, Brenda (1994), <i>The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence.</i> Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 276 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85619-243-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85619-243-9">978-1-85619-243-9</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the chapter "Rooms in the <i>Egoist</i> Hotel," and esp. p. 53, in <i>Clarke, Bruce (1996). Dora Marsden and Early Modernism: Gender, Individualism, Science.</i> U of Michigan P. pp. 137–72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-10646-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-10646-2">978-0-472-10646-2</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haycock, (2009) <i>A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War.</i> p. 257</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Worthen, John (2005) <i>D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider.</i> Allen Lane. p.164</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-newyorker.com-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newyorker.com_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newyorker.com_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKunkel2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Kunkel, Benjamin (12 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/12/19/the-deep-end">"The Deep End"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Deep+End&rft.date=2005-12-12&rft.aulast=Kunkel&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2005%2F12%2F19%2Fthe-deep-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luciano Marrocu, <i>Introduzione</i> to Mare e Sardegna (Ilisso 2000); <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Angioni" title="Giulio Angioni">Giulio Angioni</a>, <i>Pane e formaggio e altre cose di Sardegna</i> (Zonza 2002)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice Magnus. <i>Memoirs of the Foreign Legion</i> (Martin Secker, 1924; Alfred A. Knopf, 1925), introduction by D. H. Lawrence. Introduction reprinted in <i>Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence</i> (The Viking Press, Inc. 1970); in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirofmauricem00lawr">Lawrence, D. H., <i>Memoir of Maurice Magnus</i>, Cushman, Keith, ed., Black Sparrow Press, 1987</a>; in <i>Introduction and Reviews</i> in <i>The Cambridge Edition of the Works of D. H. Lawrence</i> (2004); and in <i>Life With a Capital L</i>, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Books Limited</a> (also published by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Review_Books" title="New York Review Books">New York Review Books</a> as <i>The Bad Side of Books</i>), essays by D. H. Lawrence chosen and introduced by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Dyer" title="Geoff Dyer">Geoff Dyer</a> (2019).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Davis, D.H. Lawrence at Thirroul, Collins, Sydney, 1989</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to Willie Hopkin, January 18th 1915</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHahn1977" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Emily (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mabelbiographyof00hahn/page/180"><i>Mabel: A Biography of Mabel Dodge Luhan</i></a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mabelbiographyof00hahn/page/180">180</a>. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0395253496" title="Special:BookSources/978-0395253496"><bdi>978-0395253496</bdi></a>. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2934093">2934093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mabel%3A+A+Biography+of+Mabel+Dodge+Luhan&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2934093&rft.isbn=978-0395253496&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmabelbiographyof00hahn%2Fpage%2F180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2kYhAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Taos%20Quartet%22%20pousette-dart%20copyright&pg=RA1-PA10">"Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series: 1951"</a>. 1952.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalog+of+Copyright+Entries.+Third+Series%3A+1951&rft.date=1952&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2kYhAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Taos%2520Quartet%2522%2520pousette-dart%2520copyright%26pg%3DRA1-PA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Edmund, <i>The Shock of Recognition</i>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1955, p. 906.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover and Other Essays</i> (1961). Penguin, p. 89</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPoller2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Poller, Jake (January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A243877849/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d06fd8eb">"The philosophy of life-worship: D.H. Lawrence and Aldous Huxley"</a>. <i>D.H. Lawrence Review</i>. 34–35 – via Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=D.H.+Lawrence+Review&rft.atitle=The+philosophy+of+life-worship%3A+D.H.+Lawrence+and+Aldous+Huxley&rft.volume=34-35&rft.date=2010-01&rft.aulast=Poller&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA243877849%2FGPS%3Fu%3Dwikipedia%26sid%3Dbookmark-GPS%26xid%3Dd06fd8eb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Squires, Michael (2008) <i>D. H. Lawrence and Frieda.</i> Andre Deutsch</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott. <i>Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons</i>, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 26982-26983). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Georgian Poetry</i>, James Reeves, pub. Penguin Books (1962), ASIN: B0000CLAHA</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Poetry</i>, Michael Hulse, Kennedy & David Morley, pub. Bloodacre Books (1993), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1852242442" title="Special:BookSources/978-1852242442">978-1852242442</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Gwyn Thomas, (1995) "Whitman in the British Isles", in <i>Walt Whitman and the World</i>, ed. Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom. University of Iowa Press. p.16</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Collected Poems</i> (London: Martin Secker, 1928), pp.27–8</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature</i>. ed. Marion Wynne Davies (1990). Prentice Hall., p. 667</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"D. H. Lawrence's Discovery of American Literature" by A. Banerjee, <i>Sewanee Review</i>, Volume 119, Number 3, Summer 2011, pp. 469–475</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._O._Scott" title="A. O. Scott">A. O. Scott</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/29/books/review/dh-lawrence-american-classics-literature-soul.html">"Nobody Ever Read American Literature Like This Guy Did"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, 29 July 2023.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCeramella2013" class="citation book cs1">Ceramella, Nick (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_V4xBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA339"><i>Lake Garda: Gateway to D. H. Lawrence's Voyage to the Sun. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2013</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443854139" title="Special:BookSources/9781443854139"><bdi>9781443854139</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lake+Garda%3A+Gateway+to+D.+H.+Lawrence%27s+Voyage+to+the+Sun.+Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing.+2013&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.isbn=9781443854139&rft.aulast=Ceramella&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_V4xBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRaeburn2015" class="citation book cs1">Raeburn, Michael (2015). <i>Joseph Glasco: The Fifteenth American</i>. London: Cacklegoose Press. pp. 127, 139. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611688542" title="Special:BookSources/9781611688542"><bdi>9781611688542</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Glasco%3A+The+Fifteenth+American&rft.place=London&rft.pages=127%2C+139&rft.pub=Cacklegoose+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781611688542&rft.aulast=Raeburn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lafondataos.com/activity/d-h-lawrence-forbidden-art/">"Art Galleries in Taos NM | Hotel La Fonda de Taos"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+Galleries+in+Taos+NM+%26%23124%3B+Hotel+La+Fonda+de+Taos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.lafondataos.com%2Factivity%2Fd-h-lawrence-forbidden-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flashbak.com/twenty-five-lady-chatterleys-lover-covers-369030/">"1946 Penguin and Signet book covers"</a>. 3 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1946+Penguin+and+Signet+book+covers&rft.date=2016-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fflashbak.com%2Ftwenty-five-lady-chatterleys-lover-covers-369030%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Worthen, John (2005), <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider</i>, Allen Lane, p. 171. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0141007311" title="Special:BookSources/978-0141007311">978-0141007311</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eagleton, Terry (2005), <i>The English Novel: An Introduction</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 258–260. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405117074" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405117074">978-1405117074</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Letters of D. H. Lawrence</i>. Cambridge University Press. 2002. pp. 365–366.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+D.+H.+Lawrence&rft.pages=365-366&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-archive.org-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofb017701mbp">"The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell 1872 1914"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i>. Little, Brown and company. 1951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=The+Autobiography+of+Bertrand+Russell+1872+1914&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fautobiographyofb017701mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> <i>Portraits from Memory</i> (London, Allan and Unwin Ltd) 1956, p. 112.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, D. H. (1925), <i>Movements in European History</i>, Oxford University Press, p. 262.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddox, Brenda (1994), <i>The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence</i>, Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 276. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1856192439" title="Special:BookSources/978-1856192439">978-1856192439</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, D. H., "Democracy," in <i>Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence</i> (Penguin Books, 1936), p. 716.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddox, Brenda (1994), <i>The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence</i>, Sinclair-Stevenson, p. 123. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1856192439" title="Special:BookSources/978-1856192439">978-1856192439</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Millett, Kate, 1969 (2000). <i>"III: The Literary Reflection". Sexual Politics.</i> University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-06889-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-06889-0">0-252-06889-0</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddox, Brenda (1994) <i>The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence</i>, Sinclair-Stevenson, pp. 361-365. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1856192439" title="Special:BookSources/978-1856192439">978-1856192439</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deleuze, Guattari, Gilles, Félix (2004). <i>Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia.</i> Continuum.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCoombes1973" class="citation book cs1">Coombes, H., ed. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_VaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22owned+a+ranch+he+lived%22+%22formidable+initial%22+%22sort+of+a+rare%22"><i>D.H. Lawrence: A Critical Anthology</i></a>. Penguin Educational. p.217. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140807929" title="Special:BookSources/9780140807929"><bdi>9780140807929</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D.H.+Lawrence%3A+A+Critical+Anthology&rft.pub=Penguin+Educational.+p.217&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780140807929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_VaAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522owned%2Ba%2Branch%2Bhe%2Blived%2522%2B%2522formidable%2Binitial%2522%2B%2522sort%2Bof%2Ba%2Brare%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornwalllive.com/events-in-st-ives-will-mark-the-centenary-of-dh-lawrence-s-time-in-zennor-during-first-world-war/story-29685652-detail/story.html">"Centenary events will celebrate DH Lawrence's time in Zennor"</a>. <i>westbriton.co.uk</i>. 5 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=westbriton.co.uk.&rft.atitle=Centenary+events+will+celebrate+DH+Lawrence%27s+time+in+Zennor&rft.date=2016-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.cornwalllive.com%2Fevents-in-st-ives-will-mark-the-centenary-of-dh-lawrence-s-time-in-zennor-during-first-world-war%2Fstory-29685652-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMiles" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Miles" title="Christopher Miles">Miles, Christopher</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151112003306/http://www.christophermiles.info/Films/Priest_of_Love/crew.html">"Priest of Love Crew List & Locations"</a>. <i>ChristopherMiles.info</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christophermiles.info/Films/Priest_of_Love/crew.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChristopherMiles.info&rft.atitle=Priest+of+Love+Crew+List+%26+Locations&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.christophermiles.info%2FFilms%2FPriest_of_Love%2Fcrew.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088943/">"Coming Through (1985)"</a>. <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. 4 February 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Coming+Through+%281985%29&rft.date=1988-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0088943%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304070315/http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsR/rosenthal-amy.html">"Guide to Rosenthal's Plays"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsR/rosenthal-amy.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Rosenthal%27s+Plays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.doollee.com%2FPlaywrightsR%2Frosenthal-amy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208154433/https://catherinebrown.org/academic/reviews/review-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned/">"LAWRENCE: Scandalous! Censored! Banned!"</a>. catherinebrown.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catherinebrown.org/academic/reviews/review-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned/">the original</a> on 8 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LAWRENCE%3A+Scandalous%21+Censored%21+Banned%21&rft.pub=catherinebrown.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fcatherinebrown.org%2Facademic%2Freviews%2Freview-of-lawrence-scandalous-censored-banned%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/shows/husbands-sons#production-story">"Husbands & Sons"</a>. <i>National Theatre</i>. 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Theatre&rft.atitle=Husbands+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.nationaltheatre.org.uk%2Fshows%2Fhusbands-sons%23production-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Billington, Michael</a> (28 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/oct/28/husbands-and-sons-review-anne-marie-duff">"Husbands and Sons review – Anne-Marie Duff shines through violation of DH Lawrence"</a>. theguardian.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Husbands+and+Sons+review+%E2%80%93+Anne-Marie+Duff+shines+through+violation+of+DH+Lawrence&rft.pub=theguardian.com&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2015%2Foct%2F28%2Fhusbands-and-sons-review-anne-marie-duff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographic_resources">Bibliographic resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>Paul Poplawski (1995) <i>The Works of D.H. Lawrence: A Chronological Checklist</i> (Nottingham, D H Lawrence Society)</li>
<li>Paul Poplawski (1996) <i>D.H. Lawrence: A Reference Companion</i> (Westport, Conn., and London: Greenwood Press)</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2016" class="citation book cs1">Preston, Peter (2016) [1994]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Aa_DAAAQBAJ"><i>A D.H. Lawrence Chronology</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-23591-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-23591-9"><bdi>978-1-349-23591-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+D.H.+Lawrence+Chronology&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-349-23591-9&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Aa_DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li>W. Roberts and P. Poplawski (2001) <i>A Bibliography of D.H. Lawrence</i>. 3rd ed. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>Charles L. Ross and Dennis Jackson, eds. (1995) <i>Editing D.H. Lawrence: New Versions of a Modern Author</i> (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (1979) <i>D.H. Lawrence: A Calendar of His Works</i> (Manchester, Manchester University Press)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (1982) <i>D.H. Lawrence Handbook</i> (Manchester, Manchester University Press)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographical_studies">Biographical studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Richard Aldington</a> (1950) <i>Portrait of a Genius, But ... (The Life of D. H. Lawrence, 1885–1930)</i> (London: <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_J._Bachrach" title="Arthur J. Bachrach">Arthur J. Bachrach</a> <i>D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico: "The Time is Different There"</i>, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-3496-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-3496-1">978-0-8263-3496-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Brett" title="Dorothy Brett">Dorothy Brett</a> (1933). <i>Lawrence and Brett: A Friendship</i> (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Carswell" title="Catherine Carswell">Catherine Carswell</a> (1932) <i>The Savage Pilgrimage</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, reissued 1981)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_Lawrence" title="Frieda Lawrence">Frieda Lawrence</a> (1934) <i>Not I, But The Wind</i> (Santa Fe: Rydal Press)</li>
<li>E.T. (Jessie Chambers Wood) (1935) <i>D. H. Lawrence: A Personal Record</i> (Jonathan Cape)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Dodge_Luhan" title="Mabel Dodge Luhan">Mabel Dodge Luhan</a> (1932) <i>Lorenzo in Taos: D.H. Lawrence and Mabel Dodge Luhan</i> (Sunstone Press, 2007 facsimile ed.)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witter_Bynner" title="Witter Bynner">Witter Bynner</a> (1951) <i>Journey with Genius: Recollections and Reflections Concerning the D. H. Lawrences</i> (John Day Company)</li>
<li>Edward Nehls (1957–59) <i>D. H. Lawrence: A Composite Biography, Volumes I-III</i> (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana%C3%AFs_Nin" title="Anaïs Nin">Anaïs Nin</a> (1963) <i>D. H. Lawrence: An Unprofessional Study</i> (Athens: Swallow Press)</li>
<li>Emile Delavenay (1972) <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Man and his Work: The Formative Years, 1885–1919</i>, trans. Katherine M. Delavenay (London: Heinemann)</li>
<li>Joseph Foster (1972) <i>D. H. Lawrence in Taos</i> (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press)</li>
<li>Harry T. Moore (1974) <i>The Priest of Love: A Life of D. H. Lawrence</i> (London: Heinemann)</li>
<li>Harry T. Moore and Warren Roberts (1966) <i>D. H. Lawrence and His World</i> (New York: The Viking Press), largely photographs</li>
<li>Harry T. Moore (1951, revised ed. 1964) <i>D. H. Lawrence: His Life and Works</i> (New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.)</li>
<li>Paul Delany (1979) <i>D. H. Lawrence's Nightmare: The Writer and his Circle in the Years of the Great War</i> (Hassocks: Harvester Press)</li>
<li>Joseph Davis (1989) <i>D. H. Lawrence at Thirroul</i> (Sydney, Australia: Collins)</li>
<li>Joseph Davis (2022) <i>D. H. Lawrence at Thirroul: One Hundred Years On</i> (Thirroul, Australia: Wyewurry): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/.../D_H_LAWRENCE_AT_THIRROUL_ONE">https://www.academia.edu/.../D_H_LAWRENCE_AT_THIRROUL_ONE</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>...</li>
<li>G.H. Neville (1981) <i>A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence: The Betrayal</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>Raymond T. Caffrey (1985) <i>Lady Chatterley's Lover: The Grove Press Publication of the Unexpurgated Text</i> (Syracuse University Library Associates Courier Volume XX)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.J._Stevens" class="mw-redirect" title="C.J. Stevens">C.J. Stevens</a> <i>The Cornish Nightmare (D. H. Lawrence in Cornwall)</i>, Whitston Pub. Co., 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87875-348-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87875-348-6">0-87875-348-6</a>, D. H. Lawrence and the war years</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.J._Stevens" class="mw-redirect" title="C.J. Stevens">C.J. Stevens</a> <i>Lawrence at Tregerthen (D. H. Lawrence)</i>, Whitston Pub. Co., 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87875-348-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87875-348-6">0-87875-348-6</a></li>
<li>Michael W. Weithmann: Lawrence of Bavaria. The English Writer D. H. Lawrence in Bavaria and Beyond. Collected Essays. Reisen David Herbert Lawrences in Bayern und in die Alpenländer. Passau 2003 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-596">urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-596</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a> (1991) <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Early Years, 1885–1912</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>Mark Kinkead-Weekes (1996) <i>D. H. Lawrence: Triumph to Exile, 1912–1922</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Maddox" title="Brenda Maddox">Brenda Maddox</a> (1994) <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage</i> (New York: <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>). UK edition <i>The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence</i>, London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994.</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ellis_(biographer)" title="David Ellis (biographer)">David Ellis</a> (1998) <i>D. H. Lawrence: Dying Game, 1922–1930</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>David Ellis (2008) <i>Death and the Author: How D. H. Lawrence Died, and Was Remembered</i> (Oxford University Press)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Dyer" title="Geoff Dyer">Geoff Dyer</a> (1999) <i>Out of Sheer Rage: Wrestling with D. H. Lawrence</i> (New York: North Point Press)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (1980) <i>The Life of D. H. Lawrence</i> (New York: Pantheon)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (2003) <i>The Life of D. H. Lawrence: An Illustrated Biography</i> (London: Chaucer Press)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Spender" title="Stephen Spender">Stephen Spender</a>, ed. (1973) <i>D. H. Lawrence: Novelist, Poet, Prophet</i> (New York: Harper & Row; London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a> (2005) <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider</i> (London: Penguin/Allen Lane)</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWorthen2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Worthen, J. (2006) [2004]. "Lawrence, David Herbert". <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F34435">10.1093/ref:odnb/34435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lawrence%2C+David+Herbert&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F34435&rft.aulast=Worthen&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+H.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li>
<li>Michael Squires (2008) <i>D. H. Lawrence and Frieda : A Portrait of Love and Loyalty</i> (London: Carlton Publishing Group) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-233-00232-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-233-00232-3">978-0-233-00232-3</a></li>
<li>Richard Owen (2014) <i>Lady Chatterley's Villa: DH Lawrence on the Italian Riviera</i> (London: The Armchair Traveller)</li>
<li>James C. Cowan (1970) <i>D.H. Lawrence's American Journey: A Study in Literature and Myth</i> (Cleveland: The Press of Case Western Reserve University)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knud_Merrild" title="Knud Merrild">Knud Merrild</a> (1938) <i>A Poet And Two Painters: A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence</i> (London: G. Routledge)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Wilson_(writer)" title="Frances Wilson (writer)">Frances Wilson</a> (2021) <i>Burning Man: The Ascent of D. H. Lawrence</i> (London: Bloomsbury Circus); <i>Burning Man: The Trials of D. H. Lawrence</i> (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux)</li>
<li>Norman Page, ed. (1981) <i>D.H. Lawrence: Interviews and Recollections</i> (two volumes) (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Feinstein" title="Elaine Feinstein">Elaine Feinstein</a> (1994) <i>Lawrence's Women: The Intimate Life of D.H. Lawrence</i> (London: HarperCollins Publishers); (1993) <i>Lawrence and the Women: The Intimate Life of D.H. Lawrence</i> (New York: HarperCollins Publishers)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Trease" title="Geoffrey Trease">Geoffrey Trease</a> (1973) <i>D. H. Lawrence: The Phoenix and the Flame</i> (London: Macmillan)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_criticism_2">Literary criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>Keith Alldritt (1971) <i>The Visual Imagination of D.H. Lawrence</i>, London: Edward Arnold</li>
<li>Michael Bell (1992) <i>D.H. Lawrence: Language and Being</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</li>
<li>Richard Beynon, ed. (1997) <i>D.H. Lawrence: The Rainbow and Women in Love</i>, Cambridge: Icon Books</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Black_(literary_critic)" title="Michael Black (literary critic)">Michael Black</a> (1986) <i>D.H. Lawrence: The Early Fiction</i>, London: Palgrave MacMillan</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Black_(literary_critic)" title="Michael Black (literary critic)">Michael Black</a> (1991)<i> D.H. Lawrence: The Early Philosophical Works: A Commentary</i>, London and Basingstoke: Macmillan</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Black_(literary_critic)" title="Michael Black (literary critic)">Michael Black</a> (1992) <i>Sons and Lovers</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Black_(literary_critic)" title="Michael Black (literary critic)">Michael Black</a> (2001) <i>Lawrence's England: The Major Fiction, 1913–1920</i>, London: Palgrave-MacMillan</li>
<li>Keith Brown, ed. (1990) <i>Rethinking Lawrence</i>, Milton Keynes: Open University Press</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a> (1985) <i>Flame into Being: The Life And Work Of D.H. Lawrence</i>, London: William Heinemann</li>
<li>Aidan Burns (1980) <i>Nature and Culture in D.H. Lawrence</i>, London and Basingstoke: Macmillan</li>
<li>L. D. Clark (1980) <i> The Minoan Distance: The Symbolism of Travel in D.H. Lawrence</i>, Tucson: University of Arizona Press</li>
<li>Colin Clarke (1969) <i>River of Dissolution: D.H. Lawrence and English Romanticism</i>, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul</li>
<li>Carol Dix (1980) <i>D.H. Lawrence and Women</i>, London: Macmillan</li>
<li>R.P. Draper (1970)<i> D.H. Lawrence: The Critical Heritage</i>, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ellis_(biographer)" title="David Ellis (biographer)">David Ellis</a> and Howard Mills (1988) <i>D. H. Lawrence's Non-Fiction: Art, Thought and Genre</i> (Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>David Ellis (2015) <i>Love and Sex in D. H. Lawrence</i> (Clemson University Press)</li>
<li>Anne Fernihough (1993) <i>D.H. Lawrence: Aesthetics and Ideology</i>, Oxford: Clarendon Press</li>
<li>Anne Fernihough, ed. (2001) <i>The Cambridge Companion to D.H. Lawrence</i>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press</li>
<li>Peter Fjågesund (1991) <i>The Apocalyptic World of D. H. Lawrence</i>, Norwegian University Press</li>
<li>John R. Harrison (1966) <i>The Reactionaries: Yeats, Lewis, Pound, Eliot, Lawrence: A Study of the Anti-Democratic Intelligentsia</i>, London: <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schocken_Books" title="Schocken Books">Schocken Books</a></li>
<li>Frederick J. Hoffman and Harry T. Moore, eds. (1953), <i>The Achievement of D.H. Lawrence</i>, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Holderness" title="Graham Holderness">Graham Holderness</a> (1982) <i>D. H. Lawrence: History, Ideology and Fiction</i>, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Hough" title="Graham Hough">Graham Hough</a> (1956) <i>The Dark Sun: A Study of D.H. Lawrence</i>, London: Duckworth</li>
<li>John Humma (1990) <i>Metaphor and Meaning in D.H. Lawrence's Later Novels,</i> University of Missouri Press</li>
<li>Virginia Hyde (1992), <i>The Risen Adam: D.H. Lawrence's Revisionist Typology</i>, Pennsylvania State University Press</li>
<li>Virginia Hyde and Earl Ingersoll, eds. (2010), <i>"Terra Incognita": D.H. Lawrence at the Frontiers</i>, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press</li>
<li>Earl Ingersoll and Virginia Hyde, eds. (2009), <i>Windows to the Sun: D.H. Lawrence's "Thought-Adventures"</i>, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Kermode" title="Frank Kermode">Frank Kermode</a> (1973) <i>Lawrence</i>, London: Fontana</li>
<li>Mark Kinkead-Weekes (1968) <i>The Marble and the Statue: The Exploratory Imagination of D.H. Lawrence</i>, pp. 371–418, in Maynard Mack and Ian Gregor (eds.), <i>Imagined Worlds: Essays on Some English Novels and Novelists in Honour of John Butt</i> (London: Methuen and Co.)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.R._Leavis" class="mw-redirect" title="F.R. Leavis">F.R. Leavis</a> (1955) <i>D.H. Lawrence: Novelist</i> (London, Chatto and Windus)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.R._Leavis" class="mw-redirect" title="F.R. Leavis">F.R. Leavis</a> (1976) <i>Thought, Words and Creativity: Art and Thought in D. H. Lawrence</i>, London, Chatto and Windus</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_MacLeod" title="Sheila MacLeod">Sheila MacLeod</a> (1985) <i>Lawrence's Men and Women</i> (London: Heinemann)</li>
<li>Barbara Mensch (1991) <i> D.H. Lawrence and the Authoritarian Personality</i> (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a> (1970) <i>Sexual Politics</i> (Garden City, NY: Doubleday)</li>
<li>Colin Milton (1987) <i>Lawrence and Nietzsche: A Study in Influence</i> (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press)</li>
<li>Robert E Montgomery (1994) <i>The Visionary D.H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>Harry T. Moore, ed., <i>A D.H. Lawrence Miscellany</i>, Southern Illinois University Press (1959) and William Heinemann Ltd (1961)</li>
<li>Alastair Niven (1978) <i>D.H. Lawrence: The Novels</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>Cornelia Nixon (1986) <i>Lawrence's Leadership Politics and the Turn Against Women</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1972–1982) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://celestialtimepiece.com/2015/12/08/joyce-carol-oates-on-d-h-lawrence/">"Joyce Carol Oates on D.H. Lawrence"</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Pinkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Pinkney">Tony Pinkney</a> (1990) <i>D.H. Lawrence</i> (London and New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Potter" title="Stephen Potter">Stephen Potter</a> (1930) <i>D.H. Lawrence: A First Study</i> (London and New York: Jonathan Cape)</li>
<li>Charles L. Ross (1991) <i>Women in Love: A Novel of Mythic Realism</i> (Boston, Mass.: Twayne)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (1966) <i>The Art of D.H. Lawrence</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (1985) <i>D.H. Lawrence: Life into Art</i> (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press)</li>
<li>Keith Sagar (2008) <i>D.H. Lawrence: Poet</i> (Penrith, UK: Humanities-Ebooks)</li>
<li>Daniel J. Schneider (1986) <i>The Consciousness of D.H. Lawrence: An Intellectual Biography</i> (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Herbert J. Seligmann</a> (1924) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4091367&view=1up&seq=6&skin=2021"><i>D.H. Lawrence: An American Interpretation</i></a></li>
<li>Michael Squires and Keith Cushman (1990) <i>The Challenge of D.H. Lawrence</i> (Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press)</li>
<li>Berend Klaas van der Veen (1983) <i>The Development of D.H. Lawrence's Prose Themes, 1906-1915</i> (Oldenzaal: Offsetdruk)</li>
<li>Peter Widdowson, ed. (1992) <i>D.H. Lawrence</i> (London and New York: Longman)</li>
<li>Michael Wilding (1980) 'Political Fictions' (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthen_(literary_critic)" title="John Worthen (literary critic)">John Worthen</a> (1979) <i>D.H. Lawrence and the Idea of the Novel</i> (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan).</li>
<li>T.R. Wright (2000) <i>D.H. Lawrence and the Bible</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li></ul>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/d-h-lawrence">Works by D. H. Lawrence in eBook form</a> at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/123">Works by D. H. Lawrence</a> at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/pages/lawrence.html">Works by D. H. Lawrence</a> at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Project Gutenberg Australia</a> (includes content not in the public domain in some jurisdictions)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20David%20Herbert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20David%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20D%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22David%20Herbert%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22David%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22D%2E%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22David%20Herbert%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22David%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22D%2E%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22D%2E%20Herbert%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20David%20Herbert%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20David%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20D%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20D%2E%20Herbert%22%20OR%20title%3A%22David%20Herbert%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20title%3A%22David%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20title%3A%22D%2E%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20description%3A%22David%20Herbert%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20description%3A%22David%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20description%3A%22D%2E%20H%2E%20Lawrence%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20David%20Herbert%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lawrence%2C%20David%20H%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221885-1930%22%20AND%20Lawrence%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about D. H. Lawrence</a> at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/34">Works by D. H. Lawrence</a> at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://century.guardian.co.uk/1910-1919/Story/0,6051,98988,00.html"><i>With the Guns</i> article by Lawrence. <i>Guardian</i> 18 August 1914</a>. Accessed 2010-09-15</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025220108/http://www.feedbooks.com/search?query=david+herbert+lawrence">D. H. Lawrence free downloadable books including kindle editions at feedbooks</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickolas_Muray" title="Nickolas Muray">Nickolas Muray</a>'s portrait sittings of D. H. Lawrence; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075736/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881680_ful.html#topofimage">photo #1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075745/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881682_ful.html#topofimage">photo#2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614075817/http://www.geh.org/ar/strip88/htmlsrc/m197701881683A_ful.html#topofimage">photo #3</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110044907/http://dhlawrencereview.org/">The D. H. Lawrence Review</a>, scholarly journal</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawrence_archives">Lawrence archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9g5007kq/">D. H. Lawrence Collection</a> at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft_Library" title="Bancroft Library">Bancroft Library</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00071">D. H. Lawrence Collection</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00072">Frieda Lawrence Collection</a> at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/1968">D. H. Lawrence Papers</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/2330">Correspondence</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/resources/2003">Photography Collection</a> at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ManuscriptsandSpecialCollections/CollectionsInDepth/Lawrence/Introduction.aspx">D. H. Lawrence Collection</a> at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/4078881">Alfred M. and Clarisse B. Hellman’s D.H. Lawrence collection</a> at <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/011055">Newspaper clippings about D. H. Lawrence</a> in the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul>
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H. Lawrence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:D._H._Lawrence" title="Template talk:D. H. Lawrence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:D._H._Lawrence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:D. H. Lawrence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="D._H._Lawrence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. H. Lawrence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Peacock" title="The White Peacock">The White Peacock</a></i> (1911)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trespasser_(novel)" title="The Trespasser (novel)">The Trespasser</a></i> (1912)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers" title="Sons and Lovers">Sons and Lovers</a></i> (1913)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbow" title="The Rainbow">The Rainbow</a></i> (1915)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a></i> (1920)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Girl" title="The Lost Girl">The Lost Girl</a></i> (1920)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%27s_Rod_(novel)" title="Aaron's Rod (novel)">Aaron's Rod</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_(novel)" title="Kangaroo (novel)">Kangaroo</a></i> (1923)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Bush" title="The Boy in the Bush">The Boy in the Bush</a></i> (1924)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpent" title="The Plumed Serpent">The Plumed Serpent</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thomas_and_Lady_Jane" title="John Thomas and Lady Jane">John Thomas and Lady Jane</a></i> (1927)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Escaped_Cock" title="The Escaped Cock">The Escaped Cock</a></i> (1929)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr_Noon" title="Mr Noon">Mr Noon</a></i> (unfinished)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories<br />and novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odour_of_Chrysanthemums" title="Odour of Chrysanthemums">Odour of Chrysanthemums</a>" (1911)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_(novella)" title="The Fox (novella)">The Fox</a></i> (1923)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Doll" title="The Captain's Doll">The Captain's Doll</a></i> (1923)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ladybird" title="The Ladybird">The Ladybird</a></i> (1923)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mawr" title="St Mawr">St Mawr</a></i> (1925)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princess_(Lawrence_short_story)" title="The Princess (Lawrence short story)">The Princess</a></i> (1925)</li>
<li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winner" title="The Rocking-Horse Winner">The Rocking-Horse Winner</a>" (1926)</li>
<li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Woman_who_Rode_Away" title="The Woman who Rode Away">The Woman who Rode Away</a>" (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsy" title="The Virgin and the Gypsy">The Virgin and the Gipsy</a></i> (1930)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story<br />collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prussian_Officer_and_Other_Stories" title="The Prussian Officer and Other Stories">The Prussian Officer and Other Stories</a></i> (1914)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/England,_My_England_and_Other_Stories" title="England, My England and Other Stories">England, My England and Other Stories</a></i> (1922)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daughter-in-Law" title="The Daughter-in-Law">The Daughter-in-Law</a></i> (1913)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Widowing_of_Mrs._Holroyd" title="The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd">The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd</a></i> (1914)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds,_Beasts_and_Flowers" title="Birds, Beasts and Flowers">Birds, Beasts and Flowers</a></i> (1923)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Travel books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_and_Sardinia" title="Sea and Sardinia">Sea and Sardinia</a></i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornings_in_Mexico" title="Mornings in Mexico">Mornings in Mexico</a></i> (1927)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketches_of_Etruscan_Places_and_Other_Italian_Essays" title="Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays">Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays</a></i> (1932)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction books<br />and pamphlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_in_European_History" title="Movements in European History">Movements in European History</a></i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studies_in_Classic_American_Literature" title="Studies in Classic American Literature">Studies in Classic American Literature</a></i> (1923)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compendium" title="Compendium">Compendiums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cambridge_Edition_of_the_Letters_and_Works_of_D._H._Lawrence" title="The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence">The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Lawrence_Edition" title="Penguin Lawrence Edition">Penguin Lawrence Edition</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Birthplace_Museum" title="D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum">D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Ranch" title="D. H. Lawrence Ranch">D. H. Lawrence Ranch</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="D. H. Lawrence Heritage Centre">D. H. Lawrence Heritage Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_Lawrence" title="Frieda Lawrence">Frieda Lawrence (wife)</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest_of_Love" title="Priest of Love"><i>Priest of Love</i> (1981/1985 film)</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_v_Penguin_Books_Ltd" title="R v Penguin Books Ltd">R v Penguin Books Ltd</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chatterley_Affair" title="The Chatterley Affair">The Chatterley Affair</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_works_by_D._H._Lawrence" title="Category:Films based on works by D. H. Lawrence">Films based on works</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence:_An_Unprofessional_Study" title="D. H. Lawrence: An Unprofessional Study">D. H. Lawrence: An Unprofessional Study</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228936124"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="D._H._Lawrence&#039;s_Lady_Chatterley&#039;s_Lover" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Template:Lady Chatterley's Lover"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Template talk:Lady Chatterley's Lover"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lady Chatterley's Lover"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="D._H._Lawrence&#039;s_Lady_Chatterley&#039;s_Lover" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. H. Lawrence</a>'s <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate version</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_First_Lady_Chatterley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The First Lady Chatterley (page does not exist)">The First Lady Chatterley</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thomas_and_Lady_Jane" title="John Thomas and Lady Jane">John Thomas and Lady Jane</a></i> (1927)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover_(1955_film)" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover (1955 film)">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (1955)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Lady_Chatterley" title="Young Lady Chatterley">Young Lady Chatterley</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley_In_Tokyo" title="Lady Chatterley In Tokyo">Lady Chatterley in Tokyo</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarapancharam" title="Sarapancharam">Sarapancharam</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover_(1981_film)" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover (1981 film)">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (1981)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Lady_Chatterley_II" title="Young Lady Chatterley II">Young Lady Chatterley II</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley_(film)" title="Lady Chatterley (film)">Lady Chatterley</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_Chatterley%27s_Daughter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lady Chatterley's Daughter (page does not exist)">Lady Chatterley's Daughter</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover_(2015_film)" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover (2015 film)">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover_(2022_film)" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover (2022 film)">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> (2022)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley_(TV_serial)" title="Lady Chatterley (TV serial)">Lady Chatterley</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Stories" title="Lady Chatterley's Stories">Lady Chatterley's Stories</a></i> (2000)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_v_Penguin_Books_Ltd" title="R v Penguin Books Ltd">R v Penguin Books Ltd</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscene_Publications_Act_1959" title="Obscene Publications Act 1959">Obscene Publications Act 1959</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chatterley_Affair" title="The Chatterley Affair">The Chatterley Affair</a></i> (2006)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Bouvier%27s_Lover" title="Lady Bouvier's Lover">Lady Bouvier's Lover</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover_According_to_Spike_Milligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover According to Spike Milligan">Lady Chatterley's Lover According to Spike Milligan</a>"</li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edakallu_Guddada_Mele" title="Edakallu Guddada Mele">Edakallu Guddada Mele</a>'</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228936124"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lawrence</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy" title="Constantine P. Cavafy">Cavafy</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">van Gogh</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Square_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Square (painting)">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">Postmodern music</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Film</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_television" title="Postmodern television">Television</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></b></div>
<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228936124"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34970#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31306/">FAST</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012144117X">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95150359">VIAF</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4jGGCPKFGVMpjW8gdwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90053901">Norway</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX963449">Spain</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119114561">France</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119114561">BnF data</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000026762">Argentina</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513022906706">Catalonia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118570358">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lawrence, D. H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV000616">Italy</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294196205171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14128534">Belgium</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018450">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlgbsq33q7c7b">Sweden</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000001390&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00447029">Japan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990004914&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36205056">Australia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record223993">Greece</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199616058">Korea</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000049648&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068370261">Netherlands</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810537909605606">Poland</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/21688">Portugal</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/83454">Vatican</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00122675?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/061a57e5-db92-4bb8-94af-01ff15dbe335">MusicBrainz</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/48433">RKD Artists</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500005716">ULAN</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118570358.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1228951">Trove</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580781">NARA</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/51006823">RISM</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qg9h0s">SNAC</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gq6wk2">2</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026970996">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1718639355' |
