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'{{short description|Major newspapers that are considered authoritative}} {{for|the horse|Newspaperofrecord}} {{see also|Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Perennial sources|selfref=yes}} {{use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} [[File:NYTimesBldgByLuigiNovi2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[The New York Times Building]] in [[New York City]], [[United States]]; some meanings of the term "newspaper of record" originated in reference to ''[[The New York Times]]''.]] A '''newspaper of record''' is a term used to denote a major national [[newspaper]] with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered [[Authority|authoritative]] and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The level and trend in the number of "newspapers of record by reputation" is regarded as being related to the state of [[Freedom of the press|press freedom]] and [[political freedom]] in a country.<ref name=EoJ/><ref name=NoR/> The term may also refer to a newspaper that has been authorized to publish [[Public notice|public or legal notices]], thus serving as a '''newspaper of public record'''. Newspapers whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an '''official newspaper of record''', but a lack of independence mean they are not "newspapers of record by reputation".<ref name=EoJ/><ref name=NoR>{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Shannon E.|title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link|year=1998|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, CT|isbn=0-275-95960-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/1 1]|url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart|url-access=registration}}</ref> ==Newspapers of public record== [[File:Le Figaro, boulevard Haussmann.JPG|thumb|upright|Paris headquarters of ''[[Le Figaro]]'', France's centre-right newspaper of record (public record and by reputation)]] A "newspaper of public record", or [[government gazette]], refers to a publicly available newspaper that has been authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices.<ref>{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Shannon E.|title=Newspapers of record in a digital age: from hot type to hot link|year=1998|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, CT|isbn=0-275-95960-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/5 5]|url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart|url-access=registration}}</ref> It is often established by [[statute]] or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice.<ref>{{cite book|title=Black's Law Dictionary, 6th edn.|year=1990|publisher=West Publishing|isbn=90-6544-631-1}}</ref> Such gazettes often have little editorial content (i.e. opinion articles), and are focused on transmission of information to the public regarding state services and state decisions; an example is [[Latvia]]'s ''[[Latvijas Vēstnesis]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsJlnVU4ipoC&q=newspaper+of+record&pg=PA342|title=Nations in Transit 2004: Democratization in East Central Europe and Eurasia|last=House|first=Freedom|date=13 September 2004|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781461731412|page=342|language=en}}</ref> In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the public authorities to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish said notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others).<ref>See, for example, L.N. 362 of 1997 of The Government of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette</ref><ref>For example, see [http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/LG/htm/LG.52.htm#52.004 Texas Local Government Code - Section 52.004. Official Newspaper]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=City of McCleary, Official Newspaper|url=http://www.cityofmccleary.com/index.asp?SEC=%7B821D9B2C-D6B1-4D12-AB18-1A88DE86A30D%7D&Type=B_LIST}}</ref> Likewise, a private newspaper may be designated by the [[court]]s for publication of legal notices, such as notices of [[trade name|fictitious business name]]s, if certain judicial and statutory standards are met.<ref>See, e.g., {{cite web |title=California Government Code, Sec. 6000 - 6008 |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=7.&title=1.&part=&chapter=1.&article=1. |website=California Legislative Information |publisher=California State Legislature |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New York General Construction Law Section 60|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ny/general-construction-law/gcn-sect-60.html}}</ref> These are sometimes called "legally adjudicated newspapers".<ref>{{cite web|title=Fictitious Names: Adjudicated Newspapers|url=http://www.sonoma-county.org/Clerk/HTML_Documents/FictitiousNames/Newspapers.htm|work=County Clerk|publisher=[[Sonoma County, California|County of Sonoma]]|access-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> ===Official newspaper of record=== A more extreme example is where such newspapers are owned and operated by a Government that directs their entire editorial content (not just legal and public notices). Such newspapers while pejoratively termed state "mouthpieces", can also be called "official newspapers of record", as their entire editorial copy represents the official view and doctrine of the State. Inclusion of the word "official" can be used to separate them from newspapers of record by reputation. Examples include Russia's ''[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]''.<ref>{{cite book | first=Oleksandr |last=Zadorozhnii | author-link=Oleksandr Zadorozhnii | title=International Law in the Relations of Ukraine and the Russian Federation | date=July 2017 | page=144 | isbn=978-6176841463 | publisher=K.I.S}}</ref> ==Newspapers of record by reputation== [[File:NZZ Erstausgabe Titelseite.jpg|thumb|upright|First edition of ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' (1780), world's oldest newspaper of record by reputation.]] The second type of "newspaper of record" (also known as a "journal of record", or by the French term ''{{lang|fr|presse de référence}}'') is not defined by any formal criteria and their characteristics can vary. The category typically consists of those newspapers that are considered to meet higher [[Journalism ethics and standards|standards of journalism]] than most print media, including editorial independence (particularly from the ruling government and from its owners) and accountability, attention to accuracy, and balance of coverage;<ref name="caulfield1"/> they are usually renowned internationally, and regarded as important sources in their country and/or region by other global news outlets.<ref name="Salles">{{cite journal|last=Salles|first=Chloë|title=Media Coverage of the Internet: An Acculturation Strategy for Press of Record?|journal=Innovation Journalism|date=January 2010|volume=7|issue=1|page=5|url=http://www.innovationjournalism.org/archive/INJO-7-1.pdf|access-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192414/http://www.innovationjournalism.org/archive/INJO-7-1.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Martin>{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Shannon|title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link|year=1998|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, CT|isbn=0275959600|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/6 6, 27, 31] |url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/6}}</ref> Some newspapers of record by reputation, while respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting, can still be recognized as ideologically conservative (e.g. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The Telegraph (newspaper)|The Telegraph]]'') or liberal (e.g. ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'').<ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/> Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many newspapers of record are over a century old, with some close to, or over, two centuries old (e.g. ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'', ''[[The Times]]'', ''The Guardian'', ''[[Le Figaro]]'', and ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'').<ref name="Salles"/> ===Etymology=== The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to ''[[The New York Times]]'' as the "newspaper of record" when it became the first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects covered in its pages.<ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/><ref name="Martin 1998 7">{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Shannon E.|title=Newspapers of record in a digital age: from hot type to hot link |year=1998 |publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, CT|isbn=0-275-95960-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/7 7]|url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart|url-access=registration}}</ref> In recognition of the usage, ''The New York Times'' held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of ''The New York Times'' Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". ''The New York Times'', and other newspapers of its type, then sought to be chroniclers of events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts and appointments. The ''New York Times'' no longer considers itself a newspaper of record in the original, literal sense.<ref name=Okrent>{{cite news |last=Okrent|first=Daniel |date=25 April 2004 |title=Paper of Record? No Way, No Reason, No Thanks |department=The Public Editor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/25/weekinreview/the-public-editor-paper-of-record-no-way-no-reason-no-thanks.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Over time, historians began to rely on ''The New York Times'' and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to its currently understood meaning.<ref name="Martin 1998 7"/> The derived term '''financial newspaper of record''' is frequently attributed to the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Georgetown University Library]] | title=Newspapers | accessdate=7 May 2022 | url=https://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=76038&p=488969 | quote=The Wall Street Journal is the financial newspaper of record}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Profits and Losses: Business Journalism and Its Role in Society| date=2006 | first=Chris | last=Roush| author-link=Chris Roush | isbn=978-1933338057 | publisher=Marion Street Press}}</ref> and has also been attributed to the ''[[Financial Times]]''.<ref name=Brooks>{{cite book | title=The Great Tax Robbery: How Britain Became a Tax Haven for Fat Cats and Big Business | first=Richard | last=Brooks | author-link=Richard Brooks (journalist) | isbn=978-1780743714 | publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] | date=2014}}</ref> ===Fallen reputations=== Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to various factors including financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have the same standards or allowed continued independence, and/or increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of [[Freedom of the press|press freedom]] and [[political freedom]] in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen a decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom.<ref name=EoJ>{{cite book|last=Christopher|first=H. Sterling|author-link=Christopher H. Sterling | title=Encyclopedia of Journalism | page=1020| volume=3 | date=2009 | isbn=978-0761929574 | publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref> A notable example was the ''[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]]'', which completely lost its status as being a newspaper of record for Zimbabwe when eventually it was effectively taken over by [[Robert Mugabe]]'s [[ZANU–PF|Zanu-PF]] party.<ref>{{cite book | title=Press Silence in Postcolonial Zimbabwe: News Whiteouts, Journalism and Power | first=Zvenyika | last=Eckson Mugari | isbn=978-0367252250 | publisher=[[Routledge]] | date=March 2020}}</ref> Another example was the Latvian newspaper ''[[Diena]]'' whose established status as a newspaper of record has been diminished post a takeover, with the ''Historical Dictionary of Latvia'' (2017) listing it as "holding tenuously to a popular newspaper-of-record sentiment at home and abroad" due to "questions of ownership and if said owners influence newspaper content".<ref name=HDL>{{cite book | title=Historical Dictionary of Latvia | edition=3rd | page=90 | first1=Andrejs |last1=Plakans |first2=Aldis |last2=Purs | author-link1=Andrejs Plakans | isbn=978-1538102206 | publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]}}</ref> The ''[[Straits Times]]'' and ''[[New Straits Times]]'' were qualified as "semi-newspapers of record" in the ''Encyclopedia of Journalism'' (2009) as "each is tightly connected to the dominant political party of their respective countries".<ref name=Sterling/> ===Selected list=== <!-- NOTE: As per the discussions on the talk page, do *not* add examples of newspapers of record to this article unless the example is properly sourced in accordance with WP:V and WP:RS. --> {{clear}} {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |- !Country !Region !colspan=2|Newspaper !City of publication !Founded !Language !class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Refs.|References}} |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina | South America | {{sort|Nacion, La|[[File:La-Nación-Logo.svg|150px|alt=La Nación]]}} | ''[[La Nación]]'' | [[Buenos Aires]] | 1870 | Spanish |<ref name=EIMC/><ref>{{cite interview |last=Vigón |first=Mercedes |interviewer=[[International Press Institute]] |title=Journalism ethics is 'personal and non-transferable' |url=https://ipi.media/interview-journalism-ethics-is-personal-and-non-transferable/ |date=12 July 2013 |access-date=10 April 2019 |quote=In spite of the readership crisis in the United States, The New York Times is a newspaper of record in many countries, as is Le Monde in France or La Nación in Argentina.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Latin America 2020-2022 | edition=54th | first=William H. | last=Beezley | publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] | isbn=978-1475856439 | page=154 | quote=The country's newspaper of record is ''La Nación''.|date=September 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Australia}} Australia | rowspan="2" |Oceania | {{sort|Age, The|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |''[[The Age]]'' |[[Melbourne]] |1854 | rowspan="2" |English |<ref name=":0" /><ref name="caulfield1"/><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/> |- | {{sort|Sydney Morning Herald, The|[[File:Sydney Morning Herald logo.svg|150px|alt=The Sydney Morning Herald logo]]}} | ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' | [[Sydney]] | 1831 |<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Journals of Record - Measure of Quality, or Dead Concept?|url=http://jeaa.org.au/file/file/Simons%20and%20Buller%20-%20Journals%20of%20record%281%29.pdf|publisher=Centre for Advancing Journalism, University of Melbourne|access-date=6 May 2014|author=Simons, Margaret|author2=Buller, Bradley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125015402/http://jeaa.org.au/file/file/Simons%20and%20Buller%20-%20Journals%20of%20record(1).pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|url-status=dead|date=December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=What We're Reading|url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|access-date=6 May 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218205653/http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|url-status=live|archive-date=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="caulfield1"/><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Austria}} Austria | rowspan="2" |Europe | {{sort|Presse, Die|[[File:Die Presse logo.svg|150px|alt=Die Presse logo]]}} | ''[[Die Presse]]'' | [[Vienna]] | 1848{{efn|Staff split in 1864 to form ''Neue Freie Presse'', [[Aryanization (Nazism)|aryanized]] by the [[Nazism|Nazis]] in 1938 and closed in 1939, reestablished as ''Die Presse'' in 1946.}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.styria.com/de/konzernunternehmen/subpage.php?&pcat=1&cat=29&tochter=2&lng=de&sub=3|title=Die Presse - Die Geschichte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206200341/http://www.styria.com/de/konzernunternehmen/subpage.php?&pcat=1&cat=29&tochter=2&lng=de&sub=3 |archive-date=6 February 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |German |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Die Presse |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475363/Die-Presse |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013230422/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475363/Die-Presse |archive-date=13 October 2013}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Standard, Der|[[File:DER STANDARD schwarz.png|150px|alt=Der Standard logo]]}} | ''[[Der Standard]]'' | [[Vienna]] | 1988 |<ref>{{cite book|author1= Andrei S. Markovits|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSZzDwAAQBAJ&dq=Der+Standard+newspaper+of+record&pg=PA102|title=The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe|author2=Simon Reich|date = 18 October 2018|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=102|isbn = 9781501732898|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh | South Asia | {{sort|Daily Star, The|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]'' | [[Dhaka]] | 1991 | English |<ref>{{cite book | title=Not All Springs End Winter | first=Anupam Debashis |last=Roy | date=January 2020 | asin=B097ZL8NFW | publisher=Adarsha | quote=Reports on the demands of the students that were published on the Daily Star, often considered Bangladesh's newspaper of record, .... | page=144}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Leslie |last=Sklair | title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the risk | date=May 2022 | isbn=978-0367641993 | publisher=[[Routledge]] | quote=Bangladesh: The first and most articles (19) appear in The Daily Star, often considered the newspaper of record.| page=}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Bolivia}} Bolivia | South America | {{sort|Diario, El|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[El Diario (La Paz)|El Diario]]'' | [[La Paz]] | 1904 | Spanish |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2392/1/U615341.pdf |title=Conflict on High: The Bolivian Revolution and the United States, 1961-1964 |publisher=etheses.lse.ac.uk |first=Thomas |last=Field |date=2010 |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil | rowspan="3" |South America | {{sort|Estado de S. Paulo, O|[[File:O Estado de S. Paulo Logo.svg|150px|alt=O Estado de S. Paulo Logo]]}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[O Estado de S. Paulo]]'' | [[São Paulo]] | 1875 | rowspan="3" | Portuguese |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=O Estado de S. Paulo|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/193259/O-Estado-de-S-Paulo|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|access-date=10 October 2013|quote=It is the...country's newspaper of record. O Estado is sometimes called the "New York Times of Latin America" because of its grave editorial demeanour.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fabricio|first=Roberto|title=Brazilian Officers Issue Manifesto|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-04-16/news/9202030325_1_brazilian-officers-military-family-president-fernando-collor|access-date=10 October 2013|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=16 April 1992 |quote=The statement, published on Tuesday by O Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil's newspaper of record, was datelined in Fortaleza, a mid-sized city in northeastern Brazil.}}</ref><ref name=Pomela>{{cite web|title=Top 10 Printed Newspaper in Brazil|url=http://thebrazilbusiness.com/article/top-10-printed-newspaper-in-brazil|first=Marina |last=Pomela|publisher=The Brazil Business|access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=ANJ>{{cite web|title=Maiores Jornais do Brasil|url=http://www.anj.org.br/maiores-jornais-do-brasil/|publisher=ANJ - Associação Nacional de Jornais|access-date=29 January 2018|language=pt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151011173204/http://www.anj.org.br/maiores-jornais-do-brasil/|archive-date=11 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Folha de S.Paulo|[[File:Folha de S. Paulo.svg|150px|alt=Folha de S.Paulo]]}} | ''[[Folha de S.Paulo]]'' | [[São Paulo]] | 1921 |<ref name=Pomela/><ref name=ANJ/> |- | {{sort|Globo, O|[[File:O Globo.svg|150px|alt=O Globo]]}} | ''[[O Globo]]'' | [[Rio de Janeiro]] | 1925 |<ref name=EIMC/><ref name=Pomela/><ref name=ANJ/> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Cambodia}} Cambodia | rowspan="2" |Southeast Asia | {{sort|The Cambodia Daily|[[File:The Cambodia Daily.png|150px|alt=The Cambodia Daily]]}} | ''[[The Cambodia Daily]]'' | [[Phnom Penh]] | 1993 | rowspan="2" | English |<ref>{{cite news| last = Philp| first = Catherine| date = 5 November 2017| title = Cambodia Daily survived tanks but not descent into outright dictatorship| url = https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cambodia-daily-survived-tanks-but-not-descent-into-outright-dictatorship-vggtht07b| work = [[The Times]]| access-date = 3 December 2020}}</ref> |- | {{sort|The Phnom Penh Post|[[File:Phnom Penh Post.png|150px|alt=The Phnom Penh Post]]}} | ''[[The Phnom Penh Post]]'' | [[Phnom Penh]] | 1992 |<ref>{{cite news| last = Parkhouse| first = Alan| date = 7 May 2018| title = New start or sad end for Cambodia's last free newspaper?| url = https://asiatimes.com/2018/05/new-start-or-sad-end-for-cambodias-last-free-newspaper/| work = [[Asia Times]]| access-date = 3 December 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Canada}} Canada | rowspan="3" |Northern America | {{sort|Devoir, Le|[[File:Logo Le Devoir.svg|150px|alt=Le Devoir]]}} | ''[[Le Devoir]]'' | [[Montreal]] | 1910 | French |<ref>[https://communication.revues.org/2784?lang=en "Les parlementaires québécois et Le Devoir dans le monde des médias"]. ''Communication'', Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012).</ref> |- | {{sort|Globe and Mail, The|[[File:The Globe and Mail (2019-10-31).svg|150px|alt=The Globe and Mail]]}} | ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' | [[Toronto]] | 1844{{efn|Successor to ''The Globe'' (founded 1844), ''The Toronto Mail'' (1872) and ''Toronto Empire'' (1887); papers merged in 1895 and 1936.}} | English |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=The Globe and Mail |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/235427/The-Globe-and-Mail |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/Money/Story/STIStory_324744.html | agency=Agence France-Presse |title=Globe and Mail to cut jobs |date=11 January 2009 |work=[[The Straits Times]]|access-date=17 January 2010| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090130083617/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Money/Story/STIStory_324744.html | archive-date = 30 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Buchanan|first=Carrie|title=Sense of Place in the Daily Newspaper|journal=Aether: The Journal of Media Geography|date=March 2009|volume=4|pages=62–84 [70]|url=|editor1-first=Mike|editor1-last=Gasher|quote=[T]he Toronto-based Globe and Mail has had the kind of success in Canada that the New York Times had enjoyed in the U.S., as the leading 'newspaper of record' with a national readership.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Jiwani|first=Yasmin|author-link=Yasmin Jiwani|year=2009|title=Helpless Maidens and Chivalrous Knights: Afghan Women in the Canadian Press|journal=[[University of Toronto Quarterly]]|series=2|volume=78|issue=2|pages=728–744|doi=10.3138/utq.78.2.728|quote=This essay interrogates representations of Afghan women in the Globe and Mail, Canada's major English-language daily and newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Networked Disease: Emerging Infections in the Global City|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1444399110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBaoTS2ks-gC&q=%22globe+and+mail%22+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PT112|first1=Roger |last1=Keil |author2=S. Harris Ali |access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/> |- | {{sort|Presse, La|[[File:La Presse Canadian newspaper.svg|150px|alt=La Presse]]}} | ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'' | [[Montreal]] | 1884 | French |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/2008/08/25/wheres-mario/#more-5664|title=Where's Mario|date=25 August 2008|work=[[Maclean's]]|access-date=17 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/10/10/f-electionquebecvoices.html |title=Endorsements, opinions flourish in Quebec |date=10 October 2008|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|cbc.ca]]|access-date=17 January 2010}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Chile}} Chile | South America | {{sort|Mercurio, El|[[File:El Mercurio.svg|150px|alt=El Mercurio]]}} | ''[[El Mercurio]]'' | [[Santiago]] | 1900{{efn|Spun off from ''[[El Mercurio de Valparaíso]]'' (founded 1827).}} | Spanish |<ref name=EIMC/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2013/11/131105_chile_elecciones_bachelet_derecha_crz.shtml |title=El fenómeno de Bachelet pone en jaque a la derecha chilena |date=7 November 2013|work=[[BBC Mundo]]|access-date=21 February 2014}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Colombia}} Colombia | South America | {{sort|Tiempo, El|[[File:NUEVO LOGO DE EL TIEMPO HD.jpg|150px|alt=El Tiempo]]}} | ''[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]]'' | [[Bogotá]] | 1911 | Spanish |<ref name=EIMC/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/621bcdfc-9de5-11e2-9ccc-00144feabdc0 |title=The history and politics of Colombian media |date=3 June 2013 | work=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=6 May 2022 | first=John Paul | last=Rathbone | quote=Luis Carlos Sarmiento, who has a $14bn fortune, according to Forbes, in 2012 bought El Tiempo, Colombia’s largest-circulation daily and the newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/terror-of-the-black-hand-part-1-1.292276 | title=Terror of the Black Hand (Part 1) | date=9 March 2001 | accessdate=6 May 2022 | quote=On January 19th in Bogota, the city section of El Tiempo, Colombia's newspaper of record, ran a report which sent shivers through most urban readers.}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Czech Republic |Europe |{{sort|Lidové noviny|[[File:Logo_lidove_noviny.jpg|150px|alt=Lidové noviny]]}} |''[[Lidové noviny]]'' |[[Prague]] |1893 |Czech |<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bermel|first=Neil|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/290492567|title=Linguistic authority, language ideology, and metaphor : the Czech orthography wars|date=2007|publisher=[[De Gruyter]]|isbn=978-3-11-019766-2|location=Berlin|pages=164|language=en|oclc=290492567}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Egypt}} Egypt | Africa | {{sort|Ahram, Al|[[File:Logo de Al-Ahram.png]] | 150px}} |''[[Al-Ahram]]'' |[[Cairo]] |1875 |Arabic |<ref>{{cite book | p=152 | quote=Their relations were destined to end abruptly shortly thereafter, but as long as they lasted the report on their marriage along with their photos were featured on the front page of al-Ahram, Egypt's newspaper of record. | first1=Kate |last1=Fleet | first2=Ebru |last2=Boyar | title=Middle Eastern and North African Societies in the Interwar Period | isbn=978-9004367142 | date=July 2018 | publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Perreault|first=Gregory|title=Islam is Everywhere": Coverage of Islam in the English Egyptian Press|journal=Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly|year=2011|page=14|url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/1/8/6/5/pages518657/p518657-14.php|access-date=10 October 2013|quote=This is significant because the state-run Al Ahram is considered the paper of record in Egypt}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Finland}} Finland |Europe |{{sort|Helsingin Sanomat|[[File:Helsingin Sanomat wordmark.svg|150px|alt=Helsingin Sanomat]]}} |''[[Helsingin Sanomat]]'' |[[Helsinki]] |1889 |Finnish |<ref>{{Cite book|title=Finland's Holocaust: Silences of History|last1=Muir|first1=Simo|last2=Worther|first2=Hana|year=2013|isbn=978-1137302649}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|France}} France | rowspan="3" | Europe | {{sort|Figaro, Le|[[File:Le Figaro.svg|150px|alt=Le Figaro]]}} | ''[[Le Figaro]]'' | rowspan="3" | [[Paris]] | 1826{{efn|''[[Le Figaro]]'' is France's oldest national newspaper still operating to this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2010/feb/12/digital-media-newspapers-figaro-paid-content|title=Le Figaro opts for freemium web model|work=the Guardian|date=12 February 2010|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>}} | rowspan="3" | French |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206556/Le-Figaro|title=Le Figaro|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=31 May 2015|quote="... one of the great newspapers of France and of the world."}}</ref><ref>"Le Monde, whose print edition comes out around lunchtime, was launched at the end of Nazi occupation of France in 1944 and took on the role of France's newspaper of record alongside the more conservative Le Figaro." - [https://www.reuters.com/article/france-lemonde-idUSL6N0O03TH20140514 France's Le Monde newspaper editor quits after power struggle with staff], [[Reuters]], 14 May 2014</ref> |- | {{sort|Liberation|[[File:Logo liberation.svg|150px|alt=Libération]]}} | ''[[Libération]]'' | 1973 |<ref>{{cite news| title=A capital crisis may bring down leftist French paper / Liberation, founded in 1968, has seen circulation plummet | date=27 October 2006 | access-date=25 February 2017 | url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/A-capital-crisis-may-bring-down-leftist-French-2548623.php | work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Monde, Le|[[File:Le Monde.svg|150px|alt=Le Monde]]}} | ''[[Le Monde]]'' | 1944{{efn|Founded as a successor to the discredited [[Collaboration with the Nazis|collaborationist]] ''[[Le Temps (Paris)|Le Temps]]'' (founded 1861).}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Le-Monde|title=Le Monde {{!}} French newspaper|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=25 March 2018|language=en|quote="... one of the most important and widely respected newspapers in the world."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=World of Le Monde looks set to expand|first=Thomas|last=Fuller|date=25 August 2003|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title= France profile | date= 12 January 2014 | access-date= 24 January 2014 | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17299010 | work=[[BBC News]]| quote= Le Monde - respected national daily, considered to be France's newspaper of record }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Germany}} Germany | rowspan="4" |Europe | {{sort|Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|[[File:Frankfurter Allgemeine logo.svg|150px|alt=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]}} | ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' | [[Frankfurt]] | 1949{{efn|Considered a successor to the ''[[Frankfurter Zeitung]]'' (founded 1856), banned in 1943 by the [[Propaganda Ministerium|Nazis]].}} | rowspan="4" |German |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Frankfurter-Allgemeine-Zeitung|title=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung {{!}} German newspaper|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=25 March 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=German language reform resisted |work=[[The Washington Times]] |date=29 May 2004 |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/may/29/20040529-114058-2009r/ }}</ref> |- |{{Sort|Spiegel, Der|[[File:Logo-der spiegel.svg|150px|alt=Logo-der spiegel]]}} |''[[Der Spiegel]]'' |[[Hamburg]] |1947 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsch-Französische Materialien: Die Leitmedien|url=http://www.deuframat.de/de/kulturbeziehungen/medien-und-kommunikation/die-ueberregionale-presse-in-frankreich-und-deutschland-eine-vergleichsstudie/die-leitmedien.html|access-date=22 October 2020|website=www.deuframat.de}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|last=Pohlmann|first=Sonja|date=17 November 2007|title=''Ein Leitmedium braucht eine Leitfigur''|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/der-spiegel-ein-leitmedium-braucht-eine-leitfigur/1097868.html|access-date=22 October 2020|website=www.tagesspiegel.de|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Abramsohn|first=Jennifer|date=11 April 2003|title=Der Spiegel Mirrors Itself in English|url=https://www.dw.com/en/der-spiegel-mirrors-itself-in-english/a-830198|access-date=22 October 2020|website=DW|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Suddeutsche Zeitung|[[File:Süddeutsche Zeitung Logo.svg|150px|alt=Süddeutsche Zeitung]]}} | ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'' | [[Munich]] | 1945 |<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news |title=Gloves off in German Media Scramble |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 March 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/business/global/14bild.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Zeit, Die|[[File:Die Zeit-Logo-Bremen.svg|150px|alt=Die Zeit]]}} | ''[[Die Zeit]]'' | [[Hamburg]] | 1946<br /> |<ref name="The New York Times"/> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Greece}} Greece | Europe | {{sort|Kathimerini|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[Kathimerini]]'' | [[Athens]] | 1919 | Greek |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ediplomat.com/np/post_reports/pr_gr.htm|title=Greece - Post Report - e Diplomat|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Hong Kong}} Hong Kong | East Asia | {{sort|South China Morning Post, The|[[File:SCMP logo.svg|150px|alt=The South China Morning Post]]}} | ''[[South China Morning Post]]'' | [[Hong Kong]] | 1903 | English |<ref>{{cite book|last=Lanchester|first=John|title=Family Romance: A Love Story|url=https://archive.org/details/familyromancelov00lanc|url-access=registration|year=2008|publisher=Penguin|page=[https://archive.org/details/familyromancelov00lanc/page/140 140]|isbn=9780143112952|quote=The clippings are from the South China Morning Post, the paper of record in Hong Kong}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|India}} India | rowspan="2" |South Asia | {{sort|Hindu, The |&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |''[[The Hindu]]'' |[[Chennai]] |1878 | rowspan="2" |English |<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkhHC6AgRrgC&q=%22newspaper+of+record%22+%22the+hindu%22+-thehindu.com&pg=PA163|title=The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 1: Entitlement and Well-being|last1=Drèze|first1=Jean|last2=Sen|first2=Amartya|date=21 February 1991|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=9780191544460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSW8fg7zr8gC&q=%22newspaper+of+record%22+%22the+hindu%22&pg=PA185|title=The Sun Never Sets: South Asian Migrants in an Age of U.S. Power|last1=Bald|first1=Vivek|last2=Chatterji|first2=Miabi|last3=Reddy|first3=Sujani|last4=Vimalassery|first4=Manu|date=22 July 2013|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0814786437}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Times of India, The|[[File:The times of india.svg|150px|alt=The Times of India]]}} |''[[The Times of India]]'' |[[Mumbai]] | 1838{{efn|Named ''The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce'' until mergers in 1860–1.}} |<ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/><ref name="BartonWeller2014">{{cite book|author1=Greg Barton|author2=Paul Weller|author3=Ihsan Yilmaz|title=The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZzNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|access-date=9 March 2020|date=18 December 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-5873-4|pages=28–}}</ref><ref name="caulfield1">{{Citation|last=Caulfield|first=Mike|title=National Newspapers of Record|date=8 January 2017|url=https://webliteracy.pressbooks.com/chapter/national-newspapers-of-record/|work=Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers|publisher=Self-published|language=en|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia | Southeast Asia | {{sort|Kompas|[[File:Kompas.svg|150px|alt=Kompas]]}} | ''[[Kompas]]'' | [[Jakarta]] | 1965 |Indonesian |<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHAkLnyJeKQC&q=Kompas+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PA25|title=The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia|isbn=9780876092477|access-date=31 May 2015|last1=Schwarz|first1=Adam|last2=Paris|first2=Jonathan|year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/kompas-group-is-back-on-tv-this-time-with-local-partners/|title=Kompas Group Is Back on TV, This Time With Local Partners|work=The Jakarta Globe|date=9 September 2011|access-date=31 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219001315/http://thejakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/archive/kompas-group-is-back-on-tv-this-time-with-local-partners/|archive-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Iran}} Iran | West Asia | {{sort|Ettela'at|[[File:Ettelaat.svg|125px|alt=Ettela'at]]}} | ''[[Ettela'at]]'' | [[Tehran]] | 1926 | Persian |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/12/media-guide.html|title=Iran Media Guide|work=FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnZuSyJP2zUC&q=ettelaat+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PA44|title=Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession | isbn=978-0415583169 | access-date=8 May 2022 |last1=Shahidi|first1=Hossein|date=May 2010 | page=44 | quote=In the years to come, of the three main pre-Revolution dailies, Ettela'at continued its traditional position as a 'newspaper of record'. | publisher=[[Routledge]] }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} Ireland | Europe | {{sort|Irish Times, The|[[File:The Irish Times logo.svg|150px|alt=The Irish Times]]}} | ''[[The Irish Times]]'' | [[Dublin]] | 1859 | English |<ref name="caulfield1"/><ref>{{cite news |title= The Irish Times, book review |url= http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/reviews.php?intProductID=828 |work= The London Standard |access-date= 26 May 2014 |last= Dwan |first= David |quote= Today, the Irish Times is one of Ireland's most authoritative journals – the newspaper of record for political and intellectual elites from Mayo to Monkstown. Mark O'Brien provides a detailed and colourful account of this transformation. His history of the Irish Times is also the story of modern Ireland: it tracks the newspaper's sceptical response to the emergence of the Free State in 1922 and the declaration of the Republic in 1949; it also examines its fractious relationship with the nation's governments and political figureheads from Eamon de Valera (whom the paper repeatedly compared to Hitler) to Bertie Ahern. |date= April 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140527230042/http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/reviews.php?intProductID=828 |archive-date= 27 May 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Israel}} Israel | West Asia | {{sort|Haaretz|[[File:Haaretz logo.svg|150px|alt=Haaretz]]}} | ''[[Haaretz]]'' | [[Tel Aviv]] | 1919 | Hebrew and English |<ref>[https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israelmedia.pdf Israel — Hebrew- and English-Language Media Guide] Open Source Center (16 September 2008)</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Pushing right-wing American politics — in Israel |url= http://www.salon.com/2008/08/21/influencing_israel/ | date= 21 August 2008 | access-date= 24 January 2014| work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] | first= Gregory | last= Levey | quote= In the past few months, Haaretz, Israel's paper of record, has run a series of articles expressing misgivings about outside influence. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Alan Dershowitz and the Politics of Desperation |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-brant-rosen/alan-dershowitz-and-the-p_b_572645.html | date= 11 May 2010 | access-date= 24 January 2014| work=[[The Huffington Post]] | first= Brant | last= Rosen | quote= Recent polling, alongside articles in both the New York Times and the Israeli paper of record, Ha'aretz, indicate that the American Jewish community no longer feels represented by our so-called representatives - if we ever did. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= The Thin Green Line |url= https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2002/09/thin-green-line | date= September 2002 | access-date= 24 January 2014| work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] | first= Gershom | last= Gorenberg | quote= In late January, the declaration ran as an ad in Ha'aretz, the national paper of record... }}</ref><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/> |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Italy}} Italy | rowspan="3" |Europe | {{sort|Corriere della Sera|[[File:Corriere della Sera.svg|150px|alt=Corriere della Sera]]}} | ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' | [[Milan]] | 1876 | Italian | <ref>{{cite news|title=Editing Out Criticism|first=Jeff|last=Israely|author2=Macleod, Scott|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=1 June 2003 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,455770,00.html| url-status= dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327122125/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,455770,00.html|archive-date = 27 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Diplomatic Affinity |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=6 February 1998 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-06-ls-16003-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Debenedetti Confesses! |first=By Judith |last=Thurman |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=24 June 2010 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/debenedetti-confesses}}</ref> |- |{{sort|La Stampa|[[File:La_Stampa.svg|150px|alt=La Stampa]]}} |''[[La Stampa]]'' |[[Turin]] |1867 |Italian | <ref>{{cite news|title=Fiat Chrysler to fold La Stampa into group behind La Repubblica|first=James|last=Politi|author2=Massoudi, Arash|magazine=[[Financial Times]]|date=2 March 2016|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e739b472-e090-11e5-96b7-9f778349aba2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/La-Stampa|title=La Stampa {{!}} Italian newspaper|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=15 February 2022|language=en}}</ref> |- |{{sort|La Repubblica|[[File:La Repubblica.svg|150px|alt=La Repubblica]]}} |''[[la Repubblica]]'' |[[Rome]] |1976 |Italian |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Debenedetti Confesses! |first=By Judith |last=Thurman |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=24 June 2010 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/debenedetti-confesses}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Jamaica}} Jamaica | Caribbean | {{sort|Gleaner, The|&mdash;}} | ''[[The Gleaner]]'' | [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] | 1834 | English |<ref>{{cite book|last1=Buckman|first1=Robert T.|title=Latin America 2013|date=28 August 2013|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1475804775|page=247}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Surlin|last2=Soderlund|first1=Stuart H.|first2=Walter C.|title=Mass Media and the Caribbean|date=1990|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9782881244476|page=[https://archive.org/details/massmediacaribbe0000unse/page/20 20]|url=https://archive.org/details/massmediacaribbe0000unse/page/20}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Japan}} Japan | rowspan="2" | East Asia | {{sort|Asahi Shimbun|[[File:The Asahi Shimbun logo.svg|150px|alt=The Asahi Shimbun]]}} | ''[[The Asahi Shimbun]]'' | [[Osaka]] | 1879 | rowspan="2" | Japanese |<ref name=Merrill2000>{{cite journal|last= Merrill|first= John C.|date= June 2000 |title= Les quotidiens de référence dans le monde|url=http://www.cahiersdujournalisme.net/cdj/pdf/07/01_Merril.pdf|language= fr |journal= Les cahiers du journalisme|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110706/http://www.cahiersdujournalisme.net/cdj/pdf/07/01_Merril.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref> |- |{{sort|Mainichi Shimbun|[[File:Mainichi Shimbun logo.svg|150px|alt=Mainichi Shimbun]]}} |''[[Mainichi Shimbun]]'' |[[Tokyo]] |1872 |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mainichi-shimbun|title=Mainichi shimbun {{!}} Japanese newspaper|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=25 March 2018|language=en|quote="... it appears with its rival on most experts’ lists of the world's greatest newspapers."}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Kenya}} Kenya | Africa | {{sort|Daily Nation|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[Daily Nation]]'' | [[Nairobi]] | 1960{{efn|Originated as the [[Swahili language|Swahili]] ''[[Taifa Leo|Taifa]]'' in 1958.}} | English |<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Perspective|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/kenyapolitics/info/nationmedia.html|work=nationaudio.com|access-date=14 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917025344/http://www.nationaudio.com/kenyapolitics/info/nationmedia.html|archive-date=17 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Benesch|first=Susan|title=The Kenyan Elections: Peace Happened|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-benesch/kenya-elections_b_2921096.html|access-date=10 October 2013|work=The Huffington Post|date=21 March 2013|quote=Kenya's newspaper of record, the Daily Nation, published a banner headline "Never Again" over an editorial with a sharp, eloquent warning}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Latvia}} Latvia |Europe |{{sort|Ir|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |[[Ir (newspaper)|''Ir'']] |[[Riga]] |2010 |Latvian |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurotopics.net/en/148635/ir |title=Ir Weekly newspaper profile |publisher=eurotopics.net |access-date=2022-01-10}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} Lebanon |West Asia | {{sort|An-Nahar|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |''[[An-Nahar]]'' |Beirut |1933 |Arabic |<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/06/world/us-and-plo-said-to-be-close-to-accord-on-a-guerrilla-pullout.html | title=U.S. AND P.L.O. SAID TO BE CLOSE TO ACCORD ON A GUERRILLA PULLOUT | date=6 August 1982 | accessdate=6 May 2022 | quote=An Nahar, the newspaper of record for the entire Arab world, which was printed every day during the 1975-76 civil war, ground to a halt Wednesday on its 50th anniversary after an Israeli phosphorous shell sailed into the fourth floor of its building.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,950719-3,00.html | first=William Edgett | last=Smith | date=16 August 1982 | accessdate=6 May 2022 | title=Middle East: Beirut Goes Up in Flames | quote=Countless buildings in the Hamra area were badly damaged, including the Information Ministry and the headquarters of An Nahar, the newspaper of record for the entire Arab world.}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Malaysia}} Malaysia | Southeast Asia | {{sort|New Straits Times|[[File:New Straits Times.png|150px|alt=New Straits Times]]}} | ''[[New Straits Times]]''{{efn|name=Straits|The ''[[Straits Times]]'' and ''[[New Straits Times]]'' were qualified as "semi-official newspapers of record" in the ''Encyclopedia of Journalism'' (2009) as "each is tightly connected to the dominant political party of their respective countries".<ref name=Sterling/>}} | [[Kuala Lumpur]] | 1965{{efn|Spun off from ''[[The Straits Times]]'' (founded 1845) upon [[Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965|Singapore's independence]].}} | English |<ref name=Sterling/><ref name=HDS>{{cite book | title=Historical Dictionary of Singapore | first=Justin | last=Corfield | isbn=978-0810871847 | date=2010 | publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield|Scarecrow Press]] | page=255 | quote=Straits Times (and New Straits Times): ... it has emerged as a newspaper of record}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands | Europe | {{sort|NRC Handelsblad|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'' | [[Amsterdam]] | 1970{{efn|Merger of ''[[Algemeen Handelsblad]]'' (founded 1828) and ''[[Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant]]'' (1844).}} | Dutch |<ref>{{cite news |title=Geert Wilders on course to be next Dutch prime minister |first=Bruno |last=Waterfield |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=4 March 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/netherlands/7369693/Wilders-on-course-to-be-next-Dutch-prime-minister.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/netherlands/7369693/Wilders-on-course-to-be-next-Dutch-prime-minister.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}{{cbignore}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} New Zealand | Oceania | {{sort|New Zealand Herald, The|[[File:The New Zealand Herald logo.webp|150px|alt=New Zealand Herald]]}} | ''[[The New Zealand Herald]]'' | [[Auckland]] | 1863 | English |<ref name="caulfield1"/> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Norway}} Norway | Europe | {{sort|Aftenposten|[[File:Aftenposten logo.svg|150px|alt=Aftenposten]]}} | ''[[Aftenposten]]'' | [[Oslo]] | 1860 | Norwegian<br>([[Riksmål]]) |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Journalism Scandinavia: Norway's Aftenposten to webcast editorial meetings |last=Lowe |first=Kristine |work=Editors Blog |publisher=[[Journalism.co.uk]] |date=8 July 2008 |url= https://blogs.journalism.co.uk/2008/07/08/online-journalism-scandinavia-norways-aftenposten-to-webcast-editorial-meetings/ }}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan |South Asia |{{Sort|Dawn|[[File:Dawn Newspaper logo.png|150px|alt=Dawn]]}} |[[Dawn (newspaper)|''Dawn'']] |[[Karachi]] |1941 |English |<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nine Lives of Pakistan: Dispatches from a Divided Nation | date=July 2021 | first=Declan | last=Walsh | author-link=Declan Walsh (journalist) | isbn= 978-1408868492 | publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] | page=xxi | quote=Cyril Almeida, a senior journalist with Dawn, Pakistan's newspaper of record, who, furious at the news of my expulsion. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| date = 4 July 2018| title = The assault on Pakistan media ahead of vote| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44693968| work = [[BBC]]| access-date = 3 December 2020 | first=Ahmed |last=Rashid | author-link=Ahmed Rashid | quote=Dawn is the unofficial newspaper of record - indispensable for businessmen, diplomats and military officers alike - and known for its influential editorials that affect Pakistan's image worldwide.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Time (magazine) | Time]] | url=https://time.com/5846698/world-reactions-george-floyd-protests/ | first1=Ciara | last1=Nugent | first2=Billy | last2=Perrigo | title='The Edge of an Abyss.' How the World’s Newspapers Are Responding as the U.S. Descends Into Chaos | quote=In Pakistan, which has a longstanding, if strained, military alliance with the U.S., the country’s newspaper of record, Dawn, ran an editorial under the headline "Trump on the Warpath." | date=2 June 2020 | accessdate=9 May 2022}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Panama}} Panama | Central America | {{Sort|Prensa, La|[[File:La Prensa (Panama City) logo.svg|150px|alt=La Prensa]]}} | ''[[La Prensa (Panama City)|La Prensa]]'' | [[Panama City]] | 1980 | Spanish |<ref name=LAT146>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-06-14/local/me-1970_1_panama-canal-canal-payments-panama-s-constitution |title=Panama Might Still Brake the New Narco-Militarism |author=I. Roberto Eisenmann Jr. |date=14 June 1989 |work=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306032903/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-06-14/local/me-1970_1_panama-canal-canal-payments-panama-s-constitution |access-date=28 August 2012 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Peru}} Peru | South America | {{sort|Comercio, El|[[File:Logo_de_El_Comercio.svg|150px|alt=El Comercio]]}} | ''[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]'' | [[Lima]] | 1839 | Spanish |<ref name=EIMC>{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications | volume=2 | page=143 | first=Donald H. | last=Johnston | date=2003 | isbn= 978-0123876706 | publisher=[[Academic Press]] | accessdate=9 May 2022 | chapter=Chapter: Freedom of the Press in Latin America | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=pfgKAQAAMAAJ&q=%22the+newspaper+of+record%22+%22El+Comercio%22&dq=%22the+newspaper+of+record%22+%22El+Comercio%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbxenm59L3AhUNXcAKHUOkDHsQ6AF6BAgJEAI| quote=...the newspaper of record in any country is compulsory reading for political, business, and cultural leaders and the most prestigious such papers in the region, organized into the Grupo de Diarios America, are La Nacion (Buenos Aries, Argentina), O Globo (Rio de Janero, Brazil), El Tiempo (Bogota, Colombia), El Mercurio (Santiago, Chile), El Comercio (Ecuador), Reforma (Mexico), El Nuevo Dia Interactivo (Puerto Rico), El Comercio (Lima, Peru), El Pais (Montevideo, Uruguay), and El Nacional (Caracas, Venezuela)}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Philippines}} Philippines |Southeast Asia | {{sort|Philippine Daily Inquirer|[[File:PDI logo.svg|150px|alt=Philippine Daily Inquirer]]}} | ''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]'' | [[Makati]] | 1985 | English |<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Library of Congress]] | title=Philippine Daily Inquirer | url=https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0027502/#:~:text=The%20Philippine%20Daily%20Inquirer%2C%20popularly,the%20Philippines'%20newspaper%20of%20record. | accessdate=7 May 2022 | quote= The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is an English-language newspaper in the Philippines. Founded in 1985, it is often regarded as the Philippines' newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Actor-politicians and understanding the vote of the poor|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/actor-politicians-and-understanding-the-vote-of-the-poor/109589/|website=[[The Manila Times]]|date=6 July 2014|access-date=19 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Claudio|first1=Leloy|title=Reform the country's 'paper of record|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/359984/opinion/reform-the-country-s-paper-of-record|website=[[GMA News and Public Affairs|GMA News]]|access-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Poland}} Poland | rowspan="2" |Europe | {{sort|Gazeta Wyborcza|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'' |[[Warsaw]] |1989 |Polish |<ref name=PL1/><ref>{{cite book | title=Newsworkers: A Comparative European Perspective | date=November 2017 | isbn=978-1501338229 | page=51 | publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]] | first= Henrik | last=Örnebring | quote=The creation of what is arguably the national newspaper of record, Gazeta wyborcza, stands as an example of ....}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Rzeczpospolita |&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |''[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]'' |[[Warsaw]] |1920{{efn|Dissolved in 1931 and revived in 1944, second dissolution in 1951, revived again in 1982.}} |Polish |<ref name=PL1>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ef2cAAAAQBAJ&q=newspaper+of+record&pg=PA131|title=Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland|last=Publishing|first=Britannica Educational|date=1 June 2013|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|isbn=9781615309917|page=131|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Politicising the Communist Past: The Politics of Truth Revelation in Post-Communist Poland | date=2020 | publisher=[[Routledge]] | first= Aleks |last=Szczerbiak | isbn=978-0367433581 | quote=...Rzeczpospolita daily newspaper, the main Polish newspaper of record... | chapter=1 Inroduction}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Portuguese Republic}} Portugal | rowspan="2" |Europe | {{Sort|Expresso|[[File:Expresso newspaper logo.svg|150px|alt=Expresso]]}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> |''[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]]'' |[[Lisbon]] |1973 | rowspan="2" |Portuguese | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dn.pt/cultura/dn-volta-a-subir-na-confianca-dos-leitores-12320723.html|title=DN volta a subir na confiança dos leitores|access-date=6 August 2020|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-06/DNR_2020_FINAL.pdf|title=Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020|work=Reuters Institute|page=79|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Jornal de Noticias|[[File:Logo jn.jpg|150px|alt=Jornal de Notícias]]}} | ''[[Jornal de Notícias]]'' |[[Porto]] | 1888 |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Serbia}} Serbia | rowspan="2" |Europe | {{sort|Politika|[[File:Logo of Politika.svg|150px|alt=Politika]]}} | ''[[Politika]]'' |[[Belgrade]] | 1904 | rowspan="2" |Serbian |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bulletin.arcadia.edu/2011/02/grigorev-commentary-in-politika-serbs-vote-is-pragmatic/ |title=Grigorev Commentary in Politika: Serbs Vote is Pragmatic |date=1 February 2011 |website=The Bulletin Arcadia University |quote=...&nbsp;wrote a commentary in the Jan. 26 issue of Politika, the Serbian newspaper of record and the oldest daily in the Balkans.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108031113/http://bulletin.arcadia.edu/2011/02/grigorev-commentary-in-politika-serbs-vote-is-pragmatic/|archive-date= 8 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Discourses on Identity in 'First' and 'Other' Serbia: Social Construction of the Self and the Other in a Divided Serbia | date=March 2020 | isbn=978-3838207117 | publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] | first=Ana Russell | last=Omaljev | quote=In addition, the conservative quality daily newspaper Politika is consulted on various issues, as it is still considered the daily newspaper of record in Serbia. | pages=43-44}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Danas|[[File:LogoDanas.png|150px|alt=Danas]]}} | ''[[Danas (newspaper)|Danas]]'' |[[Belgrade]] | 1997 |<ref name=voxeurop>{{cite web | url=http://www.voxeurop.eu/en/content/source-information/882181-danas | title=Danas | publisher=VOXeurop | date=18 January 2017 | access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Singapore}} Singapore | Southeast Asia | {{sort|Straits Times, The|[[File:The Straits Times Logo.svg|150px|alt=The Straits Times]]}} | ''[[The Straits Times]]''{{efn|name=Straits}} | Singapore | 1845 | English |<ref name=Sterling>{{cite book|last=Christopher|first=H. Sterling|author-link=Christopher H. Sterling | title=Encyclopedia of Journalism | page=108 | chapter=A–C| volume=1 | date=2009 | isbn=978-0761929574 | publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref><ref name=HDS/> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|South Africa}} South Africa | Africa | {{sort|Mail & Guardian|&mdash;}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'' | [[Johannesburg]] | 1985 | English |<ref name=Sterling2>{{cite book|last=Christopher|first=H. Sterling|author-link=Christopher H. Sterling | title=Encyclopedia of Journalism | page=39 | chapter=A–C| volume=1 | date=2009 | isbn=978-0761929574 | publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Jones | first=Adam | title=From Rightist to 'Brightest'? The Strange Tale of South Africa’s Citizen." | journal= [[Journal of Southern African Studies]] | volume=24 | issue=2 | date=1998 | pages=325–45 | accessdate=8 May 2022 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637530}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Spain}} Spain | Europe | {{sort|Pais, El|[[File:El Pais logo 2007.svg|150px|alt=El País]]}} | ''[[El País]]'' | [[Madrid]] | 1976 | Spanish |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://international.tamu.edu/eunotes/SPAINUS.doc |title=Spanish and U.S. Relationship During the "War on Terror" |author=Phillips, Lindsay |date=18 December 2002 |work=EU Notes&nbsp;— Texas A&M University |access-date=12 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615072229/http://international.tamu.edu/eunotes/SPAINUS.doc |archive-date=15 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden | Europe | {{sort|Dagens Nyheter|[[File:Dagens Nyheter.svg|150px|alt=Dagens Nyheter]]}} | ''[[Dagens Nyheter]]'' | [[Stockholm]] | 1864 | Swedish |<ref>{{cite news|title=Immigrants outraged over Sweden's racial profiling|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=33363|access-date=10 October 2013|work=The Standard|date=15 March 2013|quote=Dagens Nyheter, Sweden's paper of record.}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Switzerland | rowspan="2" | Europe | {{sort|Neue Zürcher Zeitung|[[File:Neue Zürcher Zeitung.svg|150px|alt=Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]}} | ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' | [[Zurich]] | 1780 | German |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410460/Neue-Zurcher-Zeitung|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Neue Zürcher Zeitung|access-date=30 August 2012}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Temps, Le|[[File:Logo Le Temps (Schweiz).svg|150px|alt=Le Temps]]}} | ''[[Le Temps]]'' | [[Geneva]] | 1998{{efn|Merger of ''Journal de Genève'' (founded 1826), ''Gazette de Lausanne'' (1798), and ''Nouveau Quotidien'' (1991).}} | French |<ref>[http://www.foeg.uzh.ch/jahrbuch/Broschur_Jahrbuch_foeg_englisch_2012.pdf The Quality of the Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014134/http://www.foeg.uzh.ch/jahrbuch/Broschur_Jahrbuch_foeg_englisch_2012.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, main findings, Research Department on Public Opinion and Society (FÖG) of the [[University of Zurich]], 2012.</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|Turkey}} Turkey | West Asia | {{sort|Hurriyet|[[File:Hurriyet.svg|150px|alt=Hürriyet]]}} | ''[[Hürriyet]]'' | [[Istanbul]] | 1948 | Turkish |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trueslant.com/nealungerleider/2010/07/02/reports-israel-to-apologize-for-flotilla-raid/|title=Reports: Israel to apologize for flotilla raid|access-date=31 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030001028/http://trueslant.com/nealungerleider/2010/07/02/reports-israel-to-apologize-for-flotilla-raid/|archive-date=30 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom | rowspan="4" |Europe | {{sort|Daily Telegraph, The|[[File:The Telegraph.svg|150px|alt=The Daily Telegraph]]}} | ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' | rowspan="4" |[[London]] | 1855 | rowspan="4" |English |<ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="UK">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3409185.stm|title=The UK's 'other paper of record'|date=19 January 2004|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=21 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172" /> |- | {{sort|Financial Times, The|[[File:Financial Times masthead.svg|150px|alt=The Financial Times]]}} | ''[[The Financial Times]]'' | 1888 |<ref name=Brooks/><ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172"/> |- |{{sort|Guardian, The|[[File:The_Guardian_2018.svg|150px|alt=The Guardian]]}} | ''[[The Guardian]]'' | 1821{{efn|Founded as ''The Manchester Guardian'', adopted its present name in 1959.}} |<ref name="FrostWeingarten20172">{{cite book|author1=Corey Frost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rGhDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=The Broadview Guide to Writing: A Handbook for Students|author2=Karen Weingarten|author3=Doug Babington|author4=Don LePan|author5=Maureen Okun|date=30 May 2017|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=978-1-55481-313-1|edition=6th|pages=27–|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="BartonWeller2014" /> |- | {{sort|Times, The|[[File:The Times Logo.png|150px|alt=The Times]]}} | ''[[The Times]]'' | 1785{{efn|Named ''The Daily Universal Register'' until 1788.}} |<ref name=UK/><ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Toolan|first1=Michael J.|title=The Language of Inequality in the News: A Discourse Analytic Approach|date=2018|isbn=9781108474337|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|page=11}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;| {{flagicon|United States}} United States | rowspan="4" |Northern America | {{sort|Los Angeles Times|[[File:Los Angeles Times.svg|150px|alt=Los Angeles Times]]}} |''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' |[[Los Angeles]] |1881 | rowspan="4" |English |<ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172" /> |- |{{sort|New York Times, The|[[File:NewYorkTimes.svg|150px|alt=The New York Times]]}} |''[[The New York Times]]'' | rowspan="2" |[[New York City]] | 1851 |<ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=The New York Times|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/412546/The-New-York-Times|quote="... long the newspaper of record in the United States and one of the world's great newspapers."}}</ref><ref name=Sterling3>{{cite book|last=Christopher|first=H. Sterling|author-link=Christopher H. Sterling | title=Encyclopedia of Journalism | page=1020 | chapter=| volume= | date=2009 | isbn=978-0761929574 | publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] | quote=The New York Times is widely recognised as the country's newspaper of record.}}</ref> |- | {{sort|Wall Street Journal, The|[[File:WSJ Logo.svg|150px|alt=Wall Street Journal]]}} | ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' | 1889 |<ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172" /><ref name=Politico/> |- | {{sort|Washington Post, The|[[File:The_Logo_of_The_Washington_Post_Newspaper.svg|150px|alt=The washington Post]]}} | ''[[The Washington Post]]'' |[[Washington, D.C.]] |1877 |<ref name="caulfield1" /><ref name="FrostWeingarten20172" /><ref name=Politico>{{cite web|title=On The Washington Post and the 'newspaper of record' epithet|url=https://www.politico.com/media/story/2015/12/on-the-washington-post-and-the-newspaper-of-record-epithet-004303|website=[[Politico]] | first=Ken | last=Doctor | date=12 March 2015 | accessdate=8 May 2022}}</ref> |} ==See also== *[[Freedom of the press]] *[[List of national newspapers]] *[[List of government gazettes]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Journalism}} [[Category:Newspapers by type]] [[Category:Newspaper terminology]] [[Category:Public records]] [[Category:Lists of publications]]'