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In the international petroleum industry, crude oil products are traded on various oil bourses based on established chemical profiles, delivery locations, and financial terms. The chemical profiles, or crude oil assays, specify important properties such as the oil's API gravity. The delivery locations are usually sea ports close to the oil fields from which the crude was obtained (and new fields are constantly being explored), and the pricing is usually quoted based on FOB (free on board, without consideration of final delivery costs).
Benchmarks
editThe three most quoted oil products are North America's West Texas Intermediate crude (WTI), North Sea Brent Crude, and the UAE Dubai Crude, and their pricing is used as a barometer for the entire petroleum industry, although, in total, there are 46 key oil exporting countries. Brent Crude is typically priced at about $2 over the WTI Spot price, which is typically priced $5 to $6 above the EIA's Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost (IRAC) and OPEC Basket prices. WTI and Brent are quoted FOB specific locations, not FOB the oilfields. For WTI, the delivery point is Cushing, OK; for Brent, it is Sullom Voe, located in Shetland, an island archipelago north of mainland Scotland.
Although crude oil assays evaluate various chemical properties of the oil, the two most important properties determining a crude's value are its density (measured as API specific gravity) and its sulphur content (measured per mass). Crude oil is considered "heavy" if it has long hydrocarbon chains, or "light" if it has short hydrocarbon chains: an API gravity of 34 or higher is "light", between 31 and 33 is "medium", and 30 or below is "heavy". Crude is considered "sweet" if it is low in sulphur content (< 0.5%/weight), or "sour" if high (> 1.0%/weight). Generally, the higher the API gravity (the "lighter" it is), the more valuable the crude.
List of crude oil products
edit| Product name | API gravity | Sulphur content (as % of mass) | Operating company | Location of field | Port of sale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu Bukhoosh | 31.6° | 2.0% | Total Abu Al Bukhoosh | Dubai | Abu Al-Bukhoosh |
| Agbami | 47.5° | 0.044% | Chevron | Nigeria | offshore |
| Undisclosed | Undisclosed | Undisclosed | Genel Energy/CPC Taiwan | Somaliland | Central Somaliland oil fields |
| Aktobe | 41.6° | 0.73% | Kazakhstan | Novorossiysk | |
| Al Shaheen | 26.51° | 2.49% | North Oil Company (Qatar) | Qatar | Mesaieed |
| Al-Jurf | 30.0° | 1.90% | Libya | Farwah FPSO | |
| Alaska North Slope | 31.9° | 0.93% | United States | Alaska Marine Terminal | |
| Alba (Equatorial Guinea) | 53.0° | 0.02% | Equatorial Guinea | Punta Europa | |
| Alba (U.K.) | 19.4° | 1.24% | Chevron | United Kingdom | offshore |
| Albian Heavy (Athabasca) | 19.6° | 2.10% | Canada | ||
| Algerian Condensate | 68.7° | 0.001% | Sonatrach, BP and Statoil | Algeria | Bejaia |
| Amenam Blend | 38.2° | 0.12% | Nigeria | ||
| Amenam/Mars Blend | 33.5° | 0.94% | Nigeria | ||
| Ameriven-Hamaca | 26° | 1.55% | Venezuela | Puerto José | |
| Amna | 36° | 0.17% | Libya | ||
| Anasuria | Shell | United Kingdom | FPSO Anasuria[1] | ||
| Antan Blend | 26.4° | 0.27% | Nigeria | Knock Adoon FPSO/Antan Terminal | |
| Arab Extra Light | 39.4° | 1.09% | Saudi Arabia | ||
| Arab Heavy | 27.7° | 2.87% | Saudi Arabia | ||
| Arab Light | 32.8° | 1.97% | Saudi Arabia | ||
| Arab Light / Seg 17 Blend | 32.4° | 2.19% | United States | ||
| Arab Medium | 30.2° | 2.59% | Saudi Arabia | ||
| Arab Super Light | 50.1° | 0.09% | Saudi Arabia | ||
| Arab Super Light Ardjuna | 50.6° | 0.04% | |||
| Arun Condensate | |||||
| Åsgard Blend | 50.5° | 0.07% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Attaka | 42.3° | 0.09% | Indonesia | ||
| Azadegan | Iran | ||||
| Azeri BTC | 36.1° | 0.14% | BP SOCAR | Azerbaijan | Ceyhan, Turkey |
| Azeri Light | 34.8° | 0.15% | BP SOCAR | Azerbaijan | Supsa, Georgia |
| BCF-17 | 16.5° | 2.53% | Venezuela | La Salina | |
| Bạch Hổ | 33.8° | 0.08% | Vietnam | ||
| Bachaquero 17 | 17° | 2.4%[2] | Venezuela | ||
| Bachaquero 24 | 24° | Venezuela | |||
| Balder | 30.1° | 0.48% | Norway | Balder FPSO | |
| Baobab | 23° | 0.39-0.46% | Ivory Coast | Baobab FPSO | |
| Barrow | 36.1° | 0.05% | Santos | Australia | Barrow Island |
| Basrah Blend | |||||
| Basrah Light | 30.5° | 2.90% | Iraq | ||
| Basrah Light/Mesa 30 Blend (35/65) | 30.5° | 1.63% | Iraq/United States | ||
| Bayou Choctaw Sour | 32.2° | 1.43% | United States | ||
| Bayou Choctaw Sweet | 36.0° | 0.36% | United States | ||
| Bayu Undan | 55.9° | 0.07% | Australia/East Timor | Liberdade FSO | |
| Belanak | 47.8° | 0.02% | Indonesia | Belanak FPSO | |
| Belayim Blend | 27.5° | 2.40% | Egypt | Wadi Feiran | |
| Belida | 45.1° | 0.02% | Indonesia | ||
| Benchamas | |||||
| Beryl | 37.5° | 0.42% | United Kingdom | Beryl | |
| Bintulu Condensate | 69.3° | 0.03% | Malaysia | Bintulu | |
| Usan | 29.9° | 0.26% | Nigeria | ||
| Bonga | 29.1° | 0.26% | Nigeria | Bonga FPSO | |
| Bonito Sour | 35.5° | 0.99% | United States | St. James, Louisiana | |
| Bonny Light | 33.4° | 0.16% | Nigeria | ||
| Bontang Condensate | |||||
| Boscan | 10.1° | 5.70% | Venezuela | Bajo Grande | |
| Bouri | 26.3° | 1.91% | Libya | Bouri | |
| Bow River | 24.7° | 2.10% | Canada | ||
| Brass River | 0.14% | Nigeria | |||
| Brega | 39.8° | 0.20% | Libya | Brega | |
| Brent Blend | 38.3° | 0.37% | Shell UK Oil Company | United Kingdom, Norway | Hound point, UK or Sture terminal, Norway[3] |
| Brunei Light | |||||
| CPC Blend | 45.3° | 0.56% | Chevron | Kazakhstan | Novorossiysk |
| Cabinda | 32.4° | 0.13% | Angola | ||
| Canadian Par | 40° | Canada | |||
| Canadon Seco | 25.7° | 0.20%[4] | Argentina | Caleta Olivia[5] | |
| Cano Limon | 30° | 0.45% | Colombia | Covenas | |
| Captain | 19.2° | 0.70% | United Kingdom | Captain FPSO | |
| Ceiba | 29.9° | 0.57% | Equatorial Guinea | Sendje Ceiba FPSO | |
| Cepu | 32° | 0.15% | Indonesia | Cepu FSO | |
| Cerro Negro | 16° | 3.34% | Venezuela | Puerto José | |
| Champion | 28.7° | 0.13% | Brunei | Seria | |
| Chim Sao | 40.1° | 0.03% | PV Oil | Vietnam | Chim Sao Marine Terminal |
| Chinguetti | 28.3° | 0.49% | Mauritania | Berge Helene FPSO | |
| Cinta | 31.1° | 0.09% | Indonesia | Cinta | |
| Clair | 23.7° | 0.44% | United Kingdom | Sullom Voe | |
| Cold Lake | 21.2° | 3.70% | Canada | Westridge Marine Terminal | |
| Cooper | 45.2° | 0.03% | Santos | Australia | Port Bonython |
| Cossack | 47.7° | 0.05% | Australia | Cossack Pioneer FPSO | |
| Cusiana | 44° | 0.14% | Colombia | ||
| DUC | 33.6° | 0.26% | Denmark | Fredericia | |
| Dalia | 23.6° | 0.51% | Total S.A. | Angola | offshore |
| Daqing | 32.2° | 0.11% | China | Dairen (Dalian) | |
| Dar Blend | 26.42° | 0.12% | Sudan | Al-Khayr | |
| Djeno | 27.0° | 0.47% | Congo | Djeno | |
| Doba | 21.1° | 0.10% | Chad | Kome Kribi 1 FSO | |
| Doroud | 34° | 2.5% | Iran | Kharg Island | |
| Draugen | 39.9° | 0.15% | Shell Oil Company | Norway | offshore |
| Dubai | 31° | 2.0% | |||
| Dukhan | 41.1° | 1.22% | Qatar | Umm Said | |
| Dulang | 37.6° | 0.05% | Malaysia | Dulang FSO | |
| Duri | 20.8° | 0.20% | Indonesia | Dumai | |
| EA Crude | 35.1° | 0.08% | Nigeria | ||
| East MS Mix | 30.9° | 2.10% | United States | ||
| Ekofisk Blend (Norway) | 37.2° | 0.23% | Norway | ||
| Ekofisk Blend | 37.5° | 0.23% | ConocoPhillips | United Kingdom | Teesside |
| El Sharara | 43.1° | 0.07% | Libya | Zawiya terminal | |
| Enfield | 21.7° | 0.13% | Australia | Nganhurra FPSO | |
| Erha | 31.8° | 0.21% | Nigeria | Erha FPSO | |
| Sidra | 37° | Waha Oil Company | Libya | Sidra | |
| Escalante | 24.1° | 0.19% | Argentina | Comodoro Rivadavia | |
| Escravos | 34.2° | 0.17% | Nigeria | ||
| ESPO blend | 34.8° | 0.62% | Russia | Kozmino | |
| Eugene Island | 34.3° | 1.18% | United States | St. James, Louisiana | |
| Fateh | 30.4° | 2.13% | Dubai Petroleum | Dubai | Fateh |
| Fife | United States | ||||
| Flotta | 35.4° | 1.22% | United Kingdom | Flotta | |
| Foinaven | 26.6° | 0.40% | United Kingdom | ||
| Forcados (to Europe) | 30.8° | 0.16% | Nigeria | ||
| Foroozan Blend | 29.7° | 2.34% | Iran | Kharg Island | |
| Forties Blend | 40.3° | 0.56% | BP | United Kingdom | Hound Point |
| Fulmar | Shell | United Kingdom[1] | |||
| Furrial | 30.0° | 1.06% | Venezuela | ||
| Galeota Mix | 37.8° | 0.19% | Trinidad | ||
| Gippsland | 42° | ExxonMobil | Australia | Long Island Point | |
| Girassol | 29.9° | 0.32% | Total S.A. | Angola | offshore |
| Glitne | 32.9° | 0.50% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Grane | 18.7° | 0.83% | Statoil | Norway | Sture terminal |
| Gryphon | |||||
| Gullfaks Blend | 37.5° | 0.22% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Handil Mix | 43.9° | 0.05% | Indonesia | Senipah | |
| Hanze | Netherlands[2] | ||||
| Harding | 20.7° | 0.59% | United Kingdom | Cromarty Firth | |
| Heavy Hardisty | 22° | 3.36% | Canada | ||
| Heavy Louisiana Sweet | 32.9° | 0.35% | United States | Empire, Louisiana | |
| Heidrun | 25.0° | 0.52% | Statoil | Norway | Mongstad terminal |
| Hibernia | 34.4° | 0.41% | Canada | ||
| Hungo Blend | 29.1° | 0.61% | ExxonMobil | Angola | Kizomba A FPSO offshore |
| Iran Heavy | 30.2° | 1.77% | Iran | Kharg Island | |
| Iran Light | 33.1° | 1.50% | Iran | Kharg Island | |
| Isthmus | 33.4° | 1.25% | Mexico | Dos Bocas, Salina Cruz | |
| Jasmine | |||||
| Jotun | |||||
| Karachaganak Condensate | 44.7° | 0.81% | Kazakhstan | Novorossiysk, Odesa | |
| Kashagan | 42-48° | 0.80% | Kazakhstan | Ceyhan | |
| Khafji | 28.5° | 2.85% | Saudi Arabian Neutral Zone | Ras al-Khafji | |
| Kikeh | 34.9° | 0.11% | Malaysia | Kikeh FPSO | |
| Kirkuk (Netback Price at U.S. Gulf) | 33.9° | 2.26% | Iraq | ||
| Kissanje Blend | 29.8° | 0.38% | ExxonMobil | Angola | Kizomba B FPSO offshore |
| Kitina | 36.4° | 0.11% | Congo | ||
| Kittiwake | |||||
| Kole | 32.1° | 0.33% | Cameroon | Kole | |
| Kuito | 19.0° | 0.68% | Angola | Kuito FPSO | |
| Kumkol | 41.2° | 0.11% | Kazakhstan | Yuzhnaya Ozereevka, Batumi | |
| Kutubu Blend | 46.6° | 0.04% | Oil Search | Papua New Guinea | Kumul |
| Kuwait Blend | 30.2° | 2.72% | Kuwait Oil Company | Kuwait | |
| Labuan | 32.0° | 0.09% | Malaysia | Labuan | |
| Laguna | 10.9° | 5.4% | Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. | Venezuela | Puerto Miranda[6] |
| Laminaria | |||||
| LA Mississippi Sweet | 40.7° | 0.34% | United States | ||
| Lavan Blend | 34.2° | 1.93% | Iran | Lavan Island | |
| Light Louisiana Sweet | 35.6° | 0.37% | United States | St. James, Louisiana[7] | |
| Lion Crude | 39.6° | 0.18% | Ivory Coast | ||
| Liuhua | |||||
| Liverpool Bay° | 45° | 0.21% | United Kingdom | Liverpool Bay Platform | |
| Lloyd Blend | 20.9° | 3.50% | Canada | ||
| Lower Zakum | 39.8° | 1.02% | ADNOC Offshore | Abu Dhabi | Das Island |
| Loreto | 18.1° | 1.3% | Pluspetrol | Peru | Bayovar - Piura |
| Lufeng | 33.3° | 0.06% | Statoil | China | offshore |
| MacCulloch | |||||
| Mandji | 30° | Gabon | |||
| Marib Light (Alif) | 48.9° | 0.07% | BP | Yemen[3] | |
| Marlim | 19.6° | 0.67% | Petrobras | Brazil | Campos Basin |
| Mars Blend | 30.3° | 1.91% | United States | LOOP Clovelly Hub, Louisiana | |
| Mars/Mesa Blend (40/60) | 30.1° | 1.65% | Loop | ||
| Mars/Urals Blend (50/50) | 31.1° | 1.57% | United States | LOOP Clovelly Hub, Louisiana | |
| Masila | 31.4° | 0.54% | Yemen | Ash Shihr | |
| Maureen | 35.3°[8] | 1.3%[8] | United Kingdom[9] | ||
| Maya | 21.8° | 3.33% | Mexico | Cayo Arcas, Salina Cruz | |
| Mayna | 21.5° | 0.5% | Pluspetrol | Peru | Bayovar - Piura |
| Medanito | 34.9° | 0.48% | Argentina | Puerto Rosales | |
| Mediterranean Sidi Kerir (Heavy) | 30° | Iran | |||
| Mediterranean Sidi Kerir (Light) | 34° | Iran | |||
| Mesa 30 | 29.4° | 1.12% | Venezuela | ||
| Minas | 35.3° | 0.09% | Indonesia | Dumai | |
| Miri | 32.3° | 0.08% | Malaysia | Miri | |
| Mixed Blend Sweet | 41.0° | 0.42% | Canada | Edmonton | |
| Mondo | 28.8° | 0.44% | ExxonMobil | Angola | Mondo FPSO offshore |
| Murban | 40.2° | 0.79% | ADNOC Onshore | Abu Dhabi | Jebel Dhanna |
| Mutineer Exeter | 43.4° | 0.03% | Santos | Australia | Modec Venture 11 FPSO |
| Naphtha Koch | 57.8° | 0.11% | United States | ||
| N'kossa | 41.0° | 0.04% | Congo | N'Kossa | |
| NFC II | 57.95° | 0.23% | Qatar | Ras Laffan | |
| Northwest Shelf Condensate | 61.2° | 0.01% | Australia | Withnell Bay | |
| Nang Nuang | |||||
| Nanhai Light | 40.1° | 0.06% | China | Nan Hai Fa Xian FPSO | |
| Napo | 19° | 2% | Ecuador | Esmeraldas | |
| Nemba | 40.9° | 0.18% | Angola | ||
| New Zafiro Blend | 29.5° | 0.26% | Equatorial Guinea | Serpentina FPSO | |
| Nile Blend | 33.9° | 0.06% | Sudan | Port Sudan | |
| Njord | 46.6° | 0.05% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Norne | 30.8° | 0.22% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Nowruz/Soroush | 18-19° | 3.4-3.5% | Iran | Kharg Island | |
| Odudu | 30.5° | 0.15% | Nigeria | ||
| Oguendjo | 27.3° | 1.50% | Gabon | ||
| Okono | 41.9° | 0.06% | Nigeria | ||
| Olmeca | 37.3° | 0.84% | Mexico | ||
| Oman Blend | 34° | 2.00% | Oman | ||
| Oriente | 24.1° | 1.51% | Ecuador | ||
| Ormen Lange condensate | 52.3° | 0.007% | Statoil | Norway | Nyhamna |
| Oseberg Blend | 37.8° | 0.27% | Statoil | Norway | Sture terminal |
| Ösgard Blend | |||||
| Oso Condensate | 45.7° | 0.06% | Nigeria | ||
| Palanca/Soyo Blend | 37.8° | 0.16% | Angola | ||
| Panyu | 28-32° | <0.25% | China | Panyu FPSO | |
| Peng Lai | 21.8° | 0.29% | China | Peng Lai FPSO | |
| Pennington | 35° | 0.08% | Nigeria | Pennington Terminal | |
| Peregrino | 13.4° | 1.8% | Brazil | ||
| Petrozuata Heavy | 19.5° | 2.69%[10] | PDVSA, Conoco[11] | Venezuela | |
| Pierce | |||||
| Plutonio | 32.6º | 0.39%[12] | BP | Angola | |
| Port Hudson | 45.0° | 0.05% | United States | ||
| Poseidon Streams | 29.6° | 1.97% | BP | United States | Houma[13] |
| Premium Albian | 35.5° | 0.04% | Canada | ||
| Qatar Marine | 35.8° | 1.47% | Qatar | Halul Island | |
| Qua Iboe | 36.3° | 0.14% | Nigeria | ||
| Rabi Light | 37.7° | 0.15% | Gabon | ||
| Rang Dong | 37.7° | 0.05% | Vietnam | Rang Dong FPSO | |
| Rincon | 35.8° | 0.39% | Argentina | San Vincente, Chile | |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 29.5° | 0.33% | Petrobras | Brazil | |
| Ross | |||||
| Sahara Blend | 45° | 0.09% | Sonatrach | Algeria | |
| Santa Barbara | 39.5° | 0.49% | Venezuela | ||
| Sarir | 37.6° | 0.16% | Libya | Marsa El Hariga | |
| Saudi Arabia Heavy | 27° | Saudi Arabia | |||
| Saudi Arabia Light | 34° | Saudi Arabia | |||
| Saudi Arabia Medium | 31° | Saudi Arabia | |||
| Saxi Batuque Blend | 32.8° | 0.32% | ExxonMobil | Angola | Saxi Batuque FPSO offshore |
| Schiehallion Blend | 25.5° | 0.47% | BP | United Kingdom | Sullom Voe |
| Senipah | 51.9° | 0.03% | Indonesia | Senipah | |
| Seria Light | 36.2° | 0.08% | Brunei | ||
| Seria Light Export | |||||
| Shah Deniz Condensate | 47° | 0.03% | BP | Azerbaijan | Ceyhan, Turkey |
| Shengli | 24.2° | 0.84% | China | Qingdao | |
| Siberian Light | 35.1° | 0.57% | Russia | Tuapse | |
| Sincor | 30-32° | 0.13% | Venezuela | Puerto José | |
| Siri | 38.1° | 0.22% | Denmark | Siri | |
| Sirri | 33.4° | 1.81% | Iran | Sirri Island | |
| Sirtica | 42.2° | 0.40% | Libya | Brega | |
| Sleipner Condensate | 62.0° | 0.02% | Statoil | Norway | Kårstø |
| Snorre | |||||
| Snøhvit Condensate | 60.1° | 0.019% | Statoil | Norway | Melkøya |
| Sokol (Sakhalin I) | 37.9° | 0.23% | Russia | DeKastri | |
| Souedieh | 24.1° | 3.90% | Syria | Banias, Tartous | |
| South Arne | 37.71° | 0.21% | Denmark | ||
| Southern Green Canyon | 30.4° | 2.24% | United States | Port Arthur, Texas and Texas City, Texas | |
| South Louisiana Sweet | 35.9° | 0.33% | United States | ||
| Stag | 18.5° | 0.14% | Apache | Australia | Stag Marine Facility |
| Statfjord | 39.1° | 0.22% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Su Tu Den (Black Lion) | 36° | 0.04% | PV Oil | Vietnam | Su Tu Den Terminal |
| Suez Blend | 30.8° | 1.49% | Egypt | Ras Shukheir | |
| Syncrude Sweet Blend | 30.5-33.6° | 0.07-0.13% | Canada | ||
| Syrian Light | 37.7° | 0.74% | Syria | Banias, Tartous | |
| Tapis Blend | 45.2° | 0.03% | Malaysia | Tapis | |
| Thang Long | 36.8° | 0.09% | Vietnam | ||
| Tempa Rossa | |||||
| Tengiz | 46.4° | 0.51% | Chevron | Kazakhstan | Odesa, Batumi, Kulevi, Taman |
| Terra Nova | 33.2 | 0.48% | Canada | Whiffen Head | |
| Thamama Condensate | 58.4° | 0.11% | ADNOC Onshore | Abu Dhabi | Jebel Dhanna |
| Tia Juana Heavy | 11° | 2.66% | Venezuela | Punta Cardon | |
| Tia Juana Light | 31.9° | 1.18% | Venezuela | Las Salinas | |
| Triton | 37.5° | 0.32% | United Kingdom | Triton FPSO | |
| Troll Blend | 35.8° | 0.21% | Statoil | Norway | Mongstad terminal |
| Turkmen Blend | 33.0° | 0.15-0.29% | Turkmenistan | Aladzha, Okarem | |
| Ukpokiti | 41.7° | 0.08% | Conoco Phillips | Nigeria | Trinity Spirit FPSO |
| Umm Shaif | 36.5° | 1.39% | ADNOC Offshore | Abu Dhabi | Das Island |
| Upper Zakum | 32.9° | 1.78% | ADNOC Offshore | Abu Dhabi | Zirku Island |
| Urals (to Mediterranean) | 31.7° | 1.35% | Russia / C.I.S. | ||
| Urucu | 42.1° | 0.09% | Petrobras | Brazil | Urucu |
| Varg | 37.9° | 0.23% | Talisman | Norway | offshore |
| Vasconia | 24.5° | 0.95% | Colombia | ||
| Vityaz (Sakhalin II) | 34.6° | 0.22% | Russia | Molikpaq-Prigorodnoye | |
| Volve | 27.9° | 1.8% | Statoil | Norway | offshore |
| Wafra | 24.5° | 3.80% | Saudi Arabian Neutral Zone | Mina Saud | |
| West Seno | 38° | 0.12% | Indonesia | Santan | |
| West Texas Intermediate | 39.6° | 0.24% | United States | Cushing, Oklahoma | |
| West Texas Sour | 31.7° | 1.28% | United States | Midland, Texas | |
| Western Canadian Select | 20.3° | 3.43% | Canada | Hardisty | |
| White Rose | 29.8° | 0.32% | Canada | SeaRose FPSO | |
| Widuri | 33.2° | 0.07% | Indonesia | Widuri | |
| Williams Sugarland Blend | 40.9° | 0.20% | United States | ||
| Wytch Farm | Perenco | United Kingdom | Hamble | ||
| Xikomba | 34.7° | 0.39% | ExxonMobil | Angola | offshore |
| Yoho Crude | 39.3° | 0.08% | Nigeria | ||
| Zakum | 40.2° | 1.01% | Abu Dhabi[4] | Das Island | |
| Zarzaitine | 42.8° | 0.06% | Algeria[5] | La Skhirra, Tunisia | |
| Mesa 30 | 30° | 0.13% | Total S.A. | Venezuela[6] | Jose terminal |
| Zuwetina | 41.5° | 0.31% | Libya[7][8] | Zuwetina, Libya |
References
edit- ^ "Anasuria - FPSO Vessel". Ship-technology.com. Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "COMPUTER MODEL FOR REFINERY OPERATIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON JET FUEL PRODUCTION. VOLUME IIDATA AND TECHNICAL BASES" (PDF). Ntrs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ "Crazy Little Crude Called Brent – The Physical Trading Market". Retrieved 8 November 2019.
- ^ "The Crude Oils and Their Key Characteristics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
- ^ "Four argentine crudes in world market". Oil & Gas Journal. 1995-04-17.
- ^ "Crude Oil Specifications". Genesisny.net. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ "Specifications guide Americas crude oil" (PDF). Retrieved 8 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Goliat crude oil blend" (PDF). Eninorge.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ D., Wootton (1 February 1987). "Maureen Oil Field First Year of Production". SPE Production Engineering. 2 (1): 29–35. doi:10.2118/14549-PA. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ "Tariff classification of Petrozuata Heavy synthetic crude oil from Venezuela". United States International Trade Commission Rulings And Harmonized Tariff Schedule. 2005-04-11. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "Petrozuata Pipeline and Upgrader Plant, Venezuela". Hydrocarbons-technology.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "Plutonio". Bp.com. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "Poseidon Streams". Bp.com. Archived from the original on 2010-05-04. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
Sources
edit- U.S. Energy Information Administration: World Crude Oil Prices Archived 2008-11-10 at the Wayback Machine
- BP Crude Grades
- Intertek: Crude Oil Grades and Types
- MeGlobalOil: Carriage of Heavy Grade Oil
- Statoil.com: Crude oil assays
- EnergyIntel.com: The Crude Oils and their Key Characteristics
- Capline system crude oil properties and quality indicators