Wikipedia

Chega (political party)

(Redirected from Enough (Portuguese political party))

Chega (European Portuguese: [ˈʃeɣɐ]; officially stylised as CHEGA!; lit. 'Enough!') is a national conservative, right-wing populist[2] political party in Portugal formed in 2019 by André Ventura.[3] It is characterized as being on the far–right[4] of the political spectrum.[5][6][7]

Chega!
PresidentAndré Ventura
Vice Presidents
FounderAndré Ventura
Founded9 April 2019
Merger ofCitizenship and Christian Democracy (2020)
Split fromSocial Democratic Party
HeadquartersLisbon
Youth wingJuventude Chega
Ideology
Political positionFar-right
ReligionCatholic Church
National affiliationBasta! (2019)
European affiliationPatriots.eu
European Parliament groupPatriots for Europe (since 2024)[nb 1]
Colours  Dark blue
Assembly of the Republic
50 / 230
European Parliament
2 / 21
Regional parliaments
9 / 104
Local government
(Mayors)
0 / 308
Local government
(Parishes)
0 / 3,085
Website
partidochega.pt

Chega won one seat in the Assembly of the Republic in the 2019 election. Since this election, the party has rapidly grown in popularity, gaining significant support for its anti-establishment positions.[8] It was the third most voted party in the elections of 2022 taking 12 seats. It saw a surge in support in the 2024 winning 50 seats, more than quadrupling its previous seat count.[9]

History

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Foundation and Basta! coalition

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André Ventura was the Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate for mayor of Loures in the Lisbon District in the 2017 Portuguese local elections. During his campaign, he made comments about Romani people in Portugal that led to a criminal complaint by Left Bloc candidate Fabian Figueiredo, and the withdrawal of the endorsement from the CDS – People's Party.[10] In October 2018, he left the PSD due to disputes with its leadership, set up a new party called Chega, and resigned his seat on Loures city council.[11][12]

Chega had been initially prevented from registering as a political party as some of the 8,000 signatures presented to the Constitutional Court included minors and police officers.[13] The court accepted the party's registration on 9 April 2019.[14] Ventura made a coalition with the People's Monarchist Party, Citizenship and Christian Democracy and Democracy 21, for which he would be the lead candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal. The coalition was approved by the Constitutional Court at the third request as it was rejected the first two times for having a name that included "Chega"; it was finally named Basta!, a synonym of Chega in Portuguese.[15] Ventura garnered controversy for not attending an electoral debate and instead appearing on CMTV in his role as a sports pundit; coalition representative Sofia Afonso Ferreira said that this was due to a late change of the debate's timing by broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal.[16] The coalition targeted one or two seats in the European Parliament but won none, taking 1.49% of the vote.[17]

2019 and 2022 elections

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André Ventura on the night of the 2022 legislative election, after Chega became the third largest party

In the 2019 Portuguese legislative election, Chega won one seat in the Assembly of the Republic, taken by Ventura for the Lisbon constituency.[18] Throughout the 2010s, Portugal was widely seen internationally as an exception to the advance of right-wing populism in Europe.[19][20]

Chega entered the Legislative Assembly of the Azores with two seats in the 2020 regional election. While the Socialist Party (PS) won the most seats, Chega gave support to a right-leaning government led by José Manuel Bolieiro of the PSD, in exchange for a review of the region's constitutional status.[21] Ricardo Cabral Fernandes of Jacobin reflected that "The Azores are a small region — but this was a big step in the normalization of Chega, and a trial run for a similar solution at a national scale".[22]

Ventura ran for the mainly ceremonial role of President of Portugal in the 2021 election, coming third with 12% of the vote, marginally behind runner-up Ana Gomes of the PS. Ventura celebrated his result as the "first time an openly anti-system party has disrupted the traditional right".[23]

In the 2022 general election, receiving 7.2% of the vote, it increased its seat count to 12, coming third behind the PS and PSD.[24]

2024 election

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In the 2024 general election it received 18.07% of the vote, quadrupling its seat count to a final total of 50.[25]

In the 2024 election, the party was the most voted in the Faro constituency, which corresponds to the Algarve. This was the first time that a third party was the most voted in a district since the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) won the Beja District in 1991.[26] The party was the most voted in ten municipalities, five of which were in the Algarve, though its highest percentage was 36.53% in Elvas in the Portalegre District.[27] Portuguese political scientists credited Chega's advances to a protest vote against the two largest parties, and the result in the Algarve to the difficulty that locals face finding housing in the tourism-heavy region.[28][29][30]

Luís Montenegro, leader of the PSD and the Democratic Alliance (AD) coalition that took the plurality of votes in the election, refused the prospect of forming a coalition with Chega. When invited to form a government by President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, he continued with this position and chose to form a minority government.[31] Ventura said that Chega would vote against the state budget proposed by AD if his party were not included in the government.[32]

Ideology

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Chega considers itself a party with nationalist,[33] conservative and personalist roots.[34] It defends the promotion of an effective judicial system and the decrease of the State's intervention in the economy. The party also presents itself as national conservative[35] and social conservative.[36]

The agenda of Chega is heavily focused on criminality issues, support for the police forces of the country, and the misuse of taxpayers' money in terms of corruption at the top, overstaffing in the civil service at the middle and undeserving welfare recipients at the bottom.[37][38][39][40]

The party advocates for a decrease of the tax incidence, considering the current system to be "brutal and aggressive to the ones who work and build wealth, taking away half of their incomes". It additionally defends a reduction of both bureaucracy and the number of bureaucrats, asserting that it is one of the main reasons for the "Portuguese competitive economic backwardness".[34]

The party supports life imprisonment and chemical castration for repeat rapists.[41] Some members also support the death penalty for crimes such as terrorism or child abuse; in a 2020 party referendum, 44% voted in favor.[42][43]

Describing itself a "strong proponent of Western civilization", the party positions itself against "Islamist extremism" and proposes stronger border controls and a decrease of "mass and illegal immigration".[34] It has been also described as antiziganist.[44][45][46] The party supports integration measures for immigrants and states that all immigrants and foreign residents should be "obliged to respect our rules, rites, customs and traditions." It also supports bilateral agreements and limited immigration from former Portuguese colonies such as Brazil, Portuguese-speaking African countries, Macau and East Timor while taking a more critical stance on non-Western immigration. It also calls for a zero tolerance policy on illegal immigration and for the deportation of immigrants with criminal records or those who are economically inactive.[47] It is also opposed to multiculturalism. The party claim that it rejects xenophobia on its platform.[48]

Chega's stance on the European Union has been described as Eurosceptic.[49] The party states that it supports the original "four freedoms" principle of free movement of goods, capital, services and people among member states, but argues for a "Europe of sovereign nations united by shared Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian principles" and opposes interference into national political decision making within member states by the EU. It also calls on Portugal to pursue more independent foreign and economic policies from Brussels and rejects compulsory EU migrant and refugee quotas. Furthermore, the party also argues that Portugal should exit the EU if it tries to become a federal state.[47]

Chega maintains close links with Vox, a similar party in neighbouring Spain.[50][51] In July 2020, Chega joined the European Identity and Democracy Party, where its allies include the National Rally (France), Lega (Italy) and the Alternative for Germany.[52][53] Ventura has mutual support with Jair Bolsonaro, but said that the former President of Brazil deserves condemnation if proven to have instigated the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack; Ventura also said that sections of the Brazilian population were right to be frustrated by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's victory over Bolsonaro before the attack.[54]

Chega took a strongly pro-Israel stance on the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, criticising other Portuguese political parties for their stances on the conflict.[55][56]

On the Russo-Ukrainian War, António Tânger Corrêa, the party vice president and the leader of the party's list in the 2024 European Parliament election, has been critical of Ukraine,[57] advocating a peace deal that would involve "reinforced cooperation" between Ukraine and Russia in a way that the "Russians feel comfortable".[58] On the other hand, Ventura has said that the defeat of Ukraine will be the defeat of the entire West, and Portugal, as a member of NATO and the European Union, would send troops "in case of extreme need".[59]

Organization

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Leadership elections

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The 2020 Chega leadership election was held on 6 September 2020. André Ventura was re-elected with more than 99% of the vote, facing no opposition.[60][61] The party's statutes have been rejected by the Constitutional Court several times for concentrating excessive power in the hands of Ventura.[62]

Factions

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In 2020, it was reported that there was a "guerrilla atmosphere" within the party, the result of tensions between the different factions that make up the party.[63]

Elected politicians

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Assembly of the Republic

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16th Legislature (2024 – present)
15th Legislature (2022 – 2024)
14th Legislature (2019 – 2022)

Critical response

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Due to its anti-immigration, anti-Islam and populist stances,[64] Chega has been the target of its critics who underline the party's extreme views on various subjects, some of which include the negative comments regarding immigration and minorities, namely the Romani,[65] its opposition to certain aspects of the constitution,[66][67] its criticism of the judicial leniency regarding serious crimes,[68][69] and governmental over-expenditure with public services.[70]

In response to some of the mainstream criticism, the party's president, André Ventura, denounced the accusations of racism, claiming that Chega defends equal rights and duties, and that it "doesn't desire a country on which minorities can believe they have more rights than others simply for being minorities".[71] On 27 June 2020, the party organized a protest entitled "Portugal is not racist", where Ventura further mentioned that there is no structural racism in Portugal, and that the political left uses racism as a pretext to foment political agendas.[72] The party opposes irregular immigration and "open door immigration" policies for both Portugal[73] and the external border of the European Union.[74][75]

The party has also been targeted with critics for reusing a slightly modified version of the motto of the Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar "Deus, Pátria, Família" (God, Fatherland, Family).[76][77] The party has been criticized for having supporters of Salazar within their ranks.[78][79]

The Global Project against Hate and Extremism (GPAHE), an American NGO specialising in the study of extremist movements, warned in a 2023 report that Chega is an "anti-immigrant, anti-women, anti-LGBT, anti-Roma, anti-Muslim and conspiratorial party". The organisation also highlights the presence of numerous white supremacists, identitarians and neo-Nazis in the party's ranks.[62][80] A subsequent investigatory article by GPAHE found evidence of "more extreme" members in the Chega Youth group, including "white supremacists, fans of former dictator Antonio Salazar, and fascist sympathizers" including the President of the Coimbra branch João Antunes, the leader of the Porto branch Francisco Araujo, and Vila Nova de Famalicão leader Joana Pinto Azevedo.[81]

Election results

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Assembly of the Republic

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Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
2019 André Ventura 67,826 1.3 (#7)
1 / 230
 New Opposition
2022 399,659 7.2 (#3)
12 / 230
   11 Opposition
2024 1,169,781 18.1 (#3)
50 / 230
   38 Opposition

Presidential

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Election Candidate Votes % Result
2021 André Ventura 493,162 11.9 (#3) Lost  N

European Parliament

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Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– EP Group
2019 André Ventura Basta!
0 / 21
 –
2024 António Tânger Corrêa 387,068 9.8 (#3)
2 / 21
  2 PfE

Regional Assemblies

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Region Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
Azores 2024 José Pacheco 10,626 9.2 (#3)
5 / 57
  3 Opposition
Madeira 2024 Miguel Castro 12,541 9.2 (#4)
4 / 47
  0 Opposition

Local elections

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Election Leader Votes % Councillors +/- Mayors +/- Assemblies +/- Parishes +/-
2021 André Ventura 208,178 4.2 (#5)
19 / 2,064
 New
0 / 308
 New
173 / 6,448
 New
205 / 26,797
 New

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The party was formerly part of Identity and Democracy (2020–2024).[1]

References

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  1. ^ "Chega oficializa ligação à extrema direita europeia". www.sabado.pt (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020.
  2. ^ "Portugal's Socialists win election, now eye alliances". Star Tribune. 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  3. ^ Nava, Sergio (11 March 2024). "Portogallo, Andrè Ventura: chi è il leader del partito di estrema destra Chega". Il Sole 24 ORE (in Italian). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  4. ^
  5. ^ Carvalho, Bruno Amaral de (12 April 2019). "A extrema-direita chega a Portugal?" [Has the far-right arrived in Portugal?]. Contacto (in Portuguese).
  6. ^ Almeida, São José (26 January 2019). "Chega um partido populista de extrema-direita a Portugal" [A far-right populist party has arrived in Portugal]. Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  7. ^ "'Politico' highlights poor adhesion of Portugal to the populist movement". Jornal Expresso (in European Portuguese). Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019. News article on the campaign for Europeans Elections refers to the meager chance that the coalition "Basta!" to elect a MEP and advances the reasons for the country to resist the wave of far-right that reached the rest of Europe.
  8. ^ CLAUDIA CHIAPPA (12 March 2024). "Chega: 5 things to know about Portugal's surging far-right party". Politico.
  9. ^ "New deputies meet today for the first plenary session of the XVI Legislature". Sul Informação. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  10. ^ "PSD mantém apoio a André Ventura em Loures" (in Portuguese). Rádio Renascença. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Chega, o novo partido de André Ventura quer proibir o casamento homossexual". Expresso (in Portuguese). 9 October 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  12. ^ "André Ventura renuncia ao mandato de vereador em Loures". Expresso (in Portuguese). 26 October 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  13. ^ Martins, Ruben (7 March 2019). "Chega entregou assinaturas irregulares e de menores no Tribunal Constitucional". Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  14. ^ "TC > Partidos Políticos > Partidos registados e suas denominações, siglas e símbolos". www.tribunalconstitucional.pt.
  15. ^ "André Ventura tem OK do Constitucional: coligação "Basta!" foi aprovada". Jornal de Notícias (in Portuguese). 12 April 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  16. ^ "Europeias: André Ventura continua como cabeça de lista da coligação Basta". Observador (in Portuguese). 15 May 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Resultados ficaram aquém das expectativas do Basta" (in Portuguese). SIC Notícias. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  18. ^ Del Barrio, Javier (26 December 2019). "Partido de extrema direita português criado há seis meses ganha voz no Parlamento". El País (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  19. ^ Quintas da Silva, Rodrigo (23 January 2018). "A Portuguese exception to right-wing populism". Palgrave Communications. 4 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1057/s41599-017-0062-8. ISSN 2055-1045.
  20. ^ Heyne, Lea; Manucci, Luca (1 January 2021). "A new Iberian exceptionalism? Comparing the populist radical right electorate in Portugal and Spain". Political Research Exchange. 3 (1). doi:10.1080/2474736X.2021.1989985. hdl:10451/50165. ISSN 2474-736X. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  21. ^ "Chega anuncia acordo com PSD sobre Governo na Região Autónoma dos Açores" (in Portuguese). RTP. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  22. ^ Cabral Fernandes, Ricardo (2 March 2022). "The Rise of Portugal's Far Right Is a Wake-Up Call". Jacobin. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Portugal's centre-right president re-elected but far right gains ground". The Guardian. 25 January 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  24. ^ "Resultados Globais Território Nacional e Estrangeiro". legislativas2022.mai.gov.pt (in Portuguese). 30 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  25. ^ Bayer, Lili (11 March 2024). "Surge for far-right party in Portugal – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  26. ^ Santos Guerreiro, Pedro; Guimarães, António (10 March 2024). "Chega vence no Algarve e mapa de Portugal volta a ter três cores… 33 anos depois" (in Portuguese). CNN Portugal. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Cinco dos 10 concelhos onde o Chega tem melhor resultado são no Algarve" (in Portuguese). Sul Infomação. 11 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  28. ^ "Votação no Chega provocada pelo descontentamento dos eleitores, diz politólogo". Observador (in Portuguese). 12 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Investigador associa resultado do Chega no Algarve a voto de protesto" (in Portuguese). RTP. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  30. ^ ""Algarve votou no Chega já nem sequer como voto de protesto, mas como voto útil"" (in Portuguese). SIC Notícias. 11 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  31. ^ "Luis Montenegro appointed Portugal's prime minister". Le Monde. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  32. ^ Vicente Rua, Patricia; Demony, Catarina (11 March 2024). "Portugal's centre-right prepares to rule, far-right warns of instability". Reuters. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Maioria no parlamento português reprova protesto de partido ultranacionalista durante discurso de Lula". SBS. 26 April 2023. the ultranationalist Chega party
  34. ^ a b c "Manifesto". Partido Político CHEGA (in European Portuguese). 7 February 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  35. ^ "Socialist Antonio Costa wins Portugal election, will continue 'contraption' coalition". Euronews. 7 October 2019.
  36. ^ Rainho, Vítor; Martinho, Beatriz. "André Ventura: 'Sou contra o aborto mas nunca condenaria uma mulher que aborta'". Jornal SOL. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  37. ^ "The rise of Chega and the end of Portuguese exceptionalism". London School of Economics. 21 January 2021.
  38. ^ "Chega "eclipsa" destruição da escola pública e do SNS do seu programa". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 27 August 2021.
  39. ^ O'Reilly, Thomas (13 December 2023). "Portugal Election: Chega Challenges Establishment Parties". europeanconservative.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  40. ^ "How far-right extremism seeped into Portugal's mainstream politics". euronews. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  41. ^ "Chega party proposes chemical castration for repeat rape offenders". theportugalnews.com. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  42. ^ "Chega militants fail death penalty and re-elect André Ventura". 6 September 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  43. ^ [1] [dead link]
  44. ^ "Pastoral dos Ciganos considera racistas e ilegais declarações de André Ventura". Observador. 8 September 2020.
  45. ^ "Figuras públicas e associações repudiam afirmações de André Ventura sobre ciganos". Observador. 6 May 2020.
  46. ^ "Confinar ciganos? Quaresma responde a André Ventura: "A vida é demasiado preciosa para ouvirmos vozes de burros"". Radio Renascença. 6 May 2020.
  47. ^ a b "MANIFESTO FOR EUROPE". 15 August 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  48. ^ "Founding Political Manifesto". 15 August 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  49. ^ "The instinctive multilateralist: Portugal and the politics of cooperation". European Council on Foreign Relations. 2 October 2019.
  50. ^ "Chega quer "estratégia europeia comum" com Vox e prepara cimeira com Abascal". Público (in Portuguese). 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  51. ^ André Figueiredo, Inês (17 September 2022). "Dirigentes do Chega tiveram formação com dirigentes do Vox. Partidos têm projeto comum para chegar ao poder na Península Ibérica". Observador (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  52. ^ "Chega adere ao grupo europeu de extrema-direita Identidade e Democracia". Público (in Portuguese). 2 July 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  53. ^ "Partidos de extrema-direita europeus reúnem-se em Lisboa: Ventura e Rita Matias representam Chega, Le Pen chega na sexta-feira". Expresso (in Portuguese). 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  54. ^ Ralha, Leonardo (21 February 2024). "André Ventura: "Se Bolsonaro fez algo para derrubar o jogo democrático, para mim merece condenação absoluta"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  55. ^ "CHEGA threatens to abstain over parliamentary text on Israel/ Hamas conflict - Portugal Resident".
  56. ^ "Chega vai propor voto de saudação de Israel e condenação do Hamas". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  57. ^ "Europeias: as posições pró-russas do cabeça de lista do Chega são um embaraço para Ventura? "Pode ser uma fonte de desconforto"". Expresso. 28 March 2024.
  58. ^ "Europeias: Candidato do Chega defende "uma espécie de cooperação reforçada" entre Ucrânia e Rússia "em que os russos se sintam confortáveis"". CNN Portugal. 14 May 2024.
  59. ^ "Ventura admite tropas portuguesas na Ucrânia e tem uma posição clara sobre Putin". CNN Portugal. 11 March 2024.
  60. ^ "André Ventura reeleito presidente do Chega com 99,1% dos votos". TVI24 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  61. ^ Ralha, Leonardo (5 September 2020). "Eleições diretas do Chega chamam 11.313 militantes a "referendar" André Ventura e a pena de morte". O Jornal Económico (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  62. ^ a b "Portugal's third political force among prominent 'hate' organisations". Euractiv. 27 June 2023.
  63. ^ "Ameaças, jogos de poder e ligações perigosas do Chega". Visão (in European Portuguese). 9 December 2020.
  64. ^ Mendes, Mariana S.; Dennison, James (19 June 2020). "Explaining the emergence of the radical right in Spain and Portugal: salience, stigma and supply". West European Politics. 44 (4): 752–775. doi:10.1080/01402382.2020.1777504. S2CID 225650718.
  65. ^ Ribeiro, Gabriel (20 December 2020). "Ciganos, negros, islâmicos e Chega: a "mão invisível" do liberalismo social". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  66. ^ Vitorino, Sérgio (20 October 2020). "André Ventura quer mudar Constituição para atacar enriquecimento ilícito". Correio da Manhã (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  67. ^ Ralha, Leonardo (14 October 2020). "Projeto de revisão constitucional do Chega quer impor trabalho comunitário a incendiários". Jornal Económico (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  68. ^ "Chega diz que Estado tem de cortar despesa "supérflua"". TSF (in European Portuguese). 26 May 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  69. ^ Monteiro, Ana (17 January 2020). "André Ventura: o candidato anti-sistema gerado pelo próprio sistema". Sic Notícias (in European Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  70. ^ Marchi, Riccardo (21 December 2019). "Um olhar exploratório sobre o partido Chega". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  71. ^ Carlos, João (2 July 2020). ""Portugal não é um país racista, mas existe racismo em Portugal"". DW (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  72. ^ "Chega manifestou-se em Lisboa para dizer que "Portugal não é racista"". Observador (in European Portuguese). 2 August 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  73. ^ "Na contramão da Europa, Portugal tem política aberta de imigração, mas pode mudar após eleições". RFI (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 February 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  74. ^ "Chega contra política migratória de "portas abertas", restantes partidos criticam xenofobia". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  75. ^ "Chega e parceiros europeus unidos por UE com fronteiras internas e anti-imigração". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  76. ^ "Ventura adapta lema de Salazar: "Deus, pátria, família e trabalho"". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 28 November 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  77. ^ ""Deus, Pátria e Família": a frase do Estado Novo repetida no congresso do Chega". www.jn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  78. ^ "Vários deputados do Chega fazem referências a Salazar e ao Estado Novo". Jornal Expresso (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  79. ^ "Ventura mantém "total confiança pessoal e política" em deputados que elogiaram Salazar". www.sabado.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  80. ^ "GPAHE report: Far-Right Hate and Extremist Groups in Portugal". Global Project Against Hate and Extremism. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  81. ^ Global Project Against Hate and Extremism (7 August 2023). "Portugal's Far-Right Party Chega's Youth Wing is Even More Extreme than Chega Itself". Global Project Against Hate and Extremism. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
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