"Angara-1.2" is a Russian two-stage small-lift launch vehicle designed to launch a payload of up to 3.5 tons into low Earth orbit and up to 2.4 tons into a sun—synchronous orbit. The height of the "Angara-1.2" is about 41.5 m, the launch mass of the rocket is about 171 tons. It is part of the Angara family of launch vehicles.
 The design of the Angara-1.2 launch vehicle | |
| Function | Launch vehicle |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Khrunichev |
| Country of origin | Russia |
| Size | |
| Height | 42.2 m (138 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) |
| Mass | ~171,500 kg (378,100 lb)[1] |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO 200km | |
| Mass | 3,500 kg (7,700 lb)[1] |
| Payload to SSO | |
| Mass | 2,400 kg (5,300 lb) |
| Payload to LEO 1500km | |
| Mass | 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | Angara |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Active |
| Launch sites | Plesetsk, Site 35 |
| Total launches | 3 |
| Success(es) | 3 |
| Failure(s) | 0 |
| First flight | 9 July 2014 |
| Last flight | 17 September 2024 |
| First stage – URM-1 | |
| Powered by | 1 RD-191 |
| Maximum thrust | 1,920 kN (430,000 lbf) (Sea level) |
| Specific impulse | 310.7 s (3.047 km/s) (Sea level) |
| Propellant | RP-1/LOX |
| Second stage – URM-2 | |
| Powered by | 1 RD-0124A |
| Maximum thrust | 294.3 kN (66,200 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 359 s (3.52 km/s) |
| Propellant | RP-1/LOX |
Description
editThe Angara-1.2 rocket has two stages running on cryogenic fuel, the fuel is kerosene of the RG-1 naphthyl brand, and the oxidizer is liquid oxygen.[2] Since the second stage does not have the possibility of re-activation to form the final orbit of the spacecraft being launched, it includes a detachable orbital launch unit "AM" (aggregate module) operating on high-boiling fuel dinitrogen tetroxide + UDMH "heptyl".[3][4]
First Stage
editThe first stage of the Angara-1.2 is a universal rocket module, similar to those used on the first and second stages of the Angara-A5 heavy carrier.[5] The module is a complete structure consisting of oxidizer and fuel tanks and an engine compartment, has a diameter of 2.9 m and a length of 25.1 m.[6] The URM-1 is equipped with a closed-circuit liquid rocket engine RD-191, created at NPO Energomash based on the RD-170 engine used on the first stages of Zenit and Energia launch vehicles and working on a kerosene-oxygen fuel pair.[7][8]
In the configuration of the first stage of "Angara-1.2", the URM-1 additionally includes: a block of controllable gas nozzles operating on gas extracted after the RD-191 turbopump engine unit; aerodynamic rudders for roll control; an intermediate compartment for connection to the second stage.[9]
Second Stage
editIn the first test launch, Angara-1.2PP used a non-standard rocket configuration, with the URM-2 unit of the Angara-A5 carrier with a diameter of 3.6 m as the second stage and without an aggregate module. The flight followed a suborbital trajectory with an inseparable payload layout.[9]
In the standard configuration, the second stage of the Angara-1.2 differs from the URM-2 module,[10] it carries a smaller fuel reserve and has the same diameter as the URM-1 — 2.9 m. Like the URM-2 module for Angara-A5, the second stage of Angara-1.2 runs on an oxygen-kerosene fuel pair and uses the RD-0124A closed cycle engine created at KBHA based on the RD-0124 engine used on the Soyuz-2 launch vehicles and having a record value of specific impulse for "kerolox" engines.[11][12] The RD-0124A engine has a number of design differences from the RD-0124 and an extended operating time.[13]
Aggregate module
editTo form the target orbit of the spacecraft on the Angara-1.2 a detachable aggregate module (upper stage) is used, operating on a high-boiling fuel pair dinitrogen tetroxide + UDMH or its foreign equivalent MON+MMH. The aggregate module is equipped with low-thrust engines developed at NIIMash (Sverdlovsk region)[14] — four 11D458 with a thrust of 40 kgf (390 N; 88 lbf) and fourteen orientation and stabilization engines 17D58E with a thrust of 1.3 kgf (13 N; 2.9 lbf) each.[3]
Fairing
editThe payload fairing of the Angara-1.2 consists of two flaps, its shell has a three-layer cellular structure. An aggregate module, a payload adapter and a spacecraft are placed under the fairing. The fairing has a diameter of 2.9 meters and a total length of 9.2 m. A total volume of about 25 m3 can be used to place the payload under the fairing.
Launch sites
editLaunches of launch vehicles of the Angara family are carried out from Site 35 of the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. It is planned to create a launch complex at the Vostochny Cosmodrome.[6]
Production
editThe Angara family rockets are manufactured by the Polyot production association, the Omsk branch of the Khrunichev, the parent company is engaged in the production of the aggregate module for Angara-1.2. Serial production of the Angara family of rockets was planned to begin in 2023,[15] and in September 2022 it was announced that the start of serial production would be postponed to 2024.[16]
Launches
editLaunches of the Angara 1.2 launch vehicle are carried out from the Site 35 at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. The first flight of the Angara-1.2 launch vehicle in its standard configuration took place on April 29, 2022.[17] In total, 3 rocket launches were carried out in the Angara-1.2 modification, all of them were successful.
| Date/time (UTC) | Configuration | Serial number | Launch pad | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload | Separation orbit | Operator | Function | ||
| Remarks | |||||
| 29 April 2022 19:55:22[19] |
Angara-1.2 | 71602 | Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Site 35/1 | Failure of Kosmos-2555 to reach stable orbit[20] | |
| EO MKA №2 (Kosmos-2555) | SSO | VKS | Reconnaissance | ||
| Maiden flight of Angara 1.2. No orbit-raising activities were detected from Kosmos-2555 following deployment, indicating a possible spacecraft failure. Re-entered May 18, 2022 after not making any attempt to raise its orbit.[18] | |||||
| 15 October 2022 19:55:15[22] |
Angara-1.2 | 71603 | Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Site 35/1 | Success | |
| EO MKA №3 (Kosmos-2560) | SSO | VKS | Reconnaissance | ||
| Kosmos 2560 decayed from orbit 10 Dec 2022 01:54 UTC, also quite soon after launch. Some suspect this was due to spacecraft failure.[21] | |||||
| 17 September 2024 07:01[23] |
Angara-1.2 | Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Site 35/1 | Success | ||
| OO MKA №1 (Kosmos-2577) OO MKA №2 (Kosmos-2578) |
SSO | VKS | Reconnaissance | ||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Ракета-носитель "Ангара-1.2"". Роскосмос (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2022-08-21. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ "Зачем России "Ангара"?". Наука и техника. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b "Центр Хруничева и НИЦ РКП: успешные огневые стендовые испытания агрегатного модуля ракеты-носителя "Ангара"". Archived from the original on 2021-12-29.
- ^ "Ракетные двигатели малой тяги" (PDF). ФГУП НИИМАШ. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-16.
- ^ "Ракета-носитель "Ангара-1.2"". Roscosmos. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Семейство ракет-носителей "Ангара"". Archived from the original on 2017-01-18.
- ^ Имамутдинов, Ирик. "Две с половиной тонны топлива в секунду". «Эксперт». Archived from the original on 2019-03-05.
- ^ И. Афанасьев, Д. Воронцов (2014). "Первый старт "Ангары"". Взлёт (9): 23–24.
- ^ a b Афанасьев, И. (2014). "Первый полет "Ангары"". Новости космонавтики. 9 (380). Archived from the original on 2014-10-06.
- ^ "Экзамен сдан на "отлично"". Roscosmos. Archived from the original on 2022-08-22.
- ^ Афанасьев, Воронцов, И. Д. (2008). "Двигатели КБХА". Взлёт (4).
- ^ Mooney, Justin. "Angara 1.2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces". NASAspaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17.
- ^ "РД0124А". Archived from the original on 2022-10-28.
- ^ "Двигатели малой тяги" (PDF). Научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-20.
- ^ "История и характеристики ракет-носителей "Ангара"". TASS. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17.
- ^ "Омская "Ангара-1.2" вывела на орбиту спутник "Космос-2560", однако к полноценному серийному производству «Ангары» ПО «Полет» еще не готово". Коммерческие вести. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27.
- ^ "Гендиректор Центра им. Хруничева: в мире есть интерес к ракете "Ангара"". TASS. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17.
- ^ Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (May 18, 2022). "The Kosmos-2555 payload launched on the Angara-1.2 test mission last month reentered this morning, May 18, after failing to make any orbital manoeuvres. SpaceTrack reports reentry between 0116 and 0230 UTC" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Mooney, Justin (15 April 2022). "Russia launches first orbital Angara 1.2 rocket with military payload". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (17 May 2022). "Russian Military Satellite With 'Z' Marking Likely To Burn Up In Atmosphere: Experts". International Business Times.
- ^ "Russian military satellite "Kosmos-2560" descended from orbit". 13 December 2022.
- ^ Mooney, Justin (15 October 2022). "Angara 1.2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Angara 1.2 - Kosmos 2577". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 14 September 2024.