Abbey of the Dormition (German: Dormitio-Abtei, Hebrew: כנסיית הדורמיציון Knesia HaDormitsiyon, Arabic: كنيسة رقاد السيدة العذراء) is a Catholic abbey belonging to the Benedictine Order in Jerusalem, on Mount Zion, just outside the walls of the Old City near the Zion Gate. The Abbey is said to mark the spot where Mary, mother of Jesus, died.

Abbey of the Dormition
Abbey of the Dormition is located in Jerusalem
Abbey of the Dormition
Location within Jerusalem
Monastery information
OrderBenedictine
EstablishedEarly 5th century
Dedicated toDormition of the Mother of God
AbbotNikodemus Schnabel
Architecture
Functional statusActive
StyleRomanesque Revival
Site
LocationJerusalem
Public accessyes
Websitedormitio.net

Between 1998 and 2006 the community was known as the Abbey of Hagia Maria Sion,[1] in reference to the basilica of Hagia Sion that stood on this spot during the Byzantine period, but it resumed the original name during the 2006 celebrations of the monastery's centenary. "Hagia Maria Sion" is now the name of the foundation supporting the abbey's buildings, community and academic work.

In recent years the church has become a target for vandalism and desecration by extremist nationalist Israelis.[2]

History of creation

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The Byzantine basilica Hagia Sion was built under John II, Bishop of Jerusalem in the early 5th century. Relics attributed to Saint Stephen were transferred to the church on 26 December 415.[citation needed] The church is shown in the 6th-century Madaba Map. It was destroyed in the 614 sack of Jerusalem by Sasanian king Khosrau II.

Its foundations were recovered in 1899, when the architect and construction manager of the Diocese of Cologne, Heinrich Renard [de] (1868–1928), investigated the site. Bargil Pixner proposed the theory of a pre-Crusader Church of Zion, the continuation of an early Judeo-Christian congregation and their house of worship, which he located on the Madaba Map next to the Hagia Sion basilica.[3]

 
Dormition Abbey behind Greek Hagias Zion Convent

A monastic order known as the Abbey of Our Lady of Mount Zion was established at the site in the 12th century, with a church built on the ruins of the earlier demolished Byzantine church.[citation needed] The 12th century church was again destroyed in the 13th century, and the monks moved to Sicily. The order was eventually absorbed into the Jesuits in 1617 (the Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion is an unrelated monastic order founded in 1843).[4]

Modern building

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Conrad Schick's diagram of the land acquired in 1898 for the construction, during the visit of Kaiser Wilhelm[5]
 
Exterior of the church
 
Interior of the church

During his visit to Jerusalem in 1898 for the dedication of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Kaiser Wilhelm II bought this piece of land on Mount Zion for 120,000 German Goldmark from Sultan Abdul Hamid II and presented it to the "German Association of the Holy Land" ("de:Deutscher Verein vom Heiligen Lande").[6]

Conrad Schick reported about the event, describing the acquired plot of land and showing confidence that the remains of the ancient Zion Church would be discovered under the accumulated dirt.[5]

According to local tradition, it was on this spot, near the site of the Last Supper, that the Blessed Virgin Mary died, or at least ended her worldly existence. Both in Orthodoxy and Catholicism, as in the language of scripture, death is often called a "sleeping" – or "falling asleep" – and this gave the original monastery its name. The church itself is called Basilica of the Assumption (or Dormition). In the Catholic dogma of the Assumption of Mary, Christ's mother was taken, body and soul, to heaven.[7]

Renard delivered the designs and plans for the Abbey, the direction of construction was entrusted to the architect Theodor Sandel [de], a member of the Temple Society and a resident of Jerusalem. The cornerstone was laid on 7 October 1900. Construction was completed in only ten years; the basilica was dedicated on 10 April 1910 by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. The Abbey was built in an ecclesiastical, neo-Romanesque style that had become the state style of the new Imperial Germany.[8]

The present church is a circular building with several niches containing altars, and a choir. Two spiral staircases lead to the crypt, the site ascribed to the Dormition of the Virgin Mary, and also to the organ-loft and the gallery, from where two of the church's four towers are accessible.

Out of regard for the nearby Jewish and Muslim sacred place of David's Tomb, which occupies part of the ground floor of the Cenacle, where it has traditionally been said that the Last Supper took place, the belltower is set far enough away that its shadow does not touch the tomb, and is therefore not directly accessible from the church.

Benedictine community

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The first monks had already been sent to Jerusalem in 1906 from Beuron Archabbey in Germany. They were interned for the first time in 1918–1921, after the end of World War I. In 1926 the monastery was raised to the status of an abbey within the Beuron Congregation. Between 1939 and 1945, the German monks were interned for the second time, and then for the third time as the result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The abbey was located in the Israeli-controlled territory on Mount Zion, across from the Jordanian-controlled territory within the walled city.

In 1951, the abbey was separated from the Beuron Congregation and placed under the direct supervision of the Abbot-Primate of the Benedictines in Rome.

The community elected its own abbot for the first time in 1979.

Theology seminar

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Since 1973 the abbey has been hosting an ecumenical year of study for students of theology from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The curriculum encompasses biblical, Eastern Orthodox Church, Judaic, and Islamic studies.

Vandalism

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The Dormition Abbey, along with other Christian sites, has been the target of occasional vandalism as a form of "price tag" terrorism by extremist Israeli nationalist religious youths.

In October 2012 and in May and June 2013 the abbey was vandalized with anti-Christian graffiti and insults in Hebrew.[9] The offensive words compared Christians to monkeys and called for revenge against Jesus. Two cars were also covered with graffiti and all tyres were slashed. One of the gates of the nearby Greek Orthodox cemetery was also marked with graffiti. This was allegedly a "price tag" attack carried out by nationalist religious extremists for the dismantling of an illegal outpost Havat Ma'on.[10][11][12]

On 26 May 2014 a box of wooden crosses was set ablaze inside the Dormition Abbey. It is believed that this was some sort of failed arson attempt. At the same time of the arson attempt, Pope Francis was conducting a service in the building next door in the Cenacle two floors above the room of King David's Tomb.[13]

A vandal entered the premises by jumping over a fence in December 2014 and went on to damage a crucifix, a bench, and a number of statues in the cemetery, one of which marked the grave of a monk with Israeli nationality.[14]

In January 2016, vandals wrote slogans on the walls of the Abbey such as "Death to the heathen Christians, the enemies of Israel" and "May his name be obliterated" (whose first letters in Hebrew spell the name of Jesus).[15] Gregory Collins, who was then the abbot, addressed a crowd of demonstrators for peace in Galilee, saying that: “The attack on the church is an attack on all those who believe in a civilization of love and coexistence.”[16]

References

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  1. ^ Or "Assumption"
  2. ^ Magid, Jacob; Gross, Judah Ari (11 March 2019). "Prosecution drops case against far-right activists in Jerusalem church arson". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  3. ^ Bargil Pixner, Wege des Messias und Stätten der Urkirche. 2., erweiterte Auflage. Brunnen, Giessen 1994, pp. 110f.
  4. ^ Mémoires de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France, tome XLVIII. The File Reference Number to this article in the French National Library in Paris is 8-O2F-762.
  5. ^ a b Schick, Conrad (January 1899). "Notes and News". Quarterly Statement. 31. London: Palestine Exploration Fund: 3–4. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  6. ^ Das Heilige Land als Auftrag 1855 - 2005; 150 Jahre Deutscher Verein vom Heiligen Lande. Stephan Mock, Michael Schäbitz, Deutscher Verein vom Heiligen Lande. Köln. 2005. ISBN 978-3-00-015693-9. OCLC 181540809.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Shoemaker, Stephen J. (2002). Ancient traditions of the Virgin Mary's dormition and assumption. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925075-8. OCLC 50101584.
  8. ^ "The Germans in Jerusalem". Parallel Histories. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  9. ^ Another Israeli church defaced with 'price tag' graffiti, Oz Rosenberg and Nir Hasson, 3 Oct. 2012, Haaretz
  10. ^ "Jerusalem's Dormition Church suffers suspected 'price tag' attack." Nir Hasson and Gili Cohen, 31 May 13, Haaretz
  11. ^ Independent Catholic News
  12. ^ Suspected ‘price tag’ attacks reported in Jerusalem, West Bank, 31 May 2013 JTA
  13. ^ "Arson Attack Reported at Jerusalem Church Near Where Pope Celebrated Mass". HuffPost. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  14. ^ "Israeli Police Arrest Jerusalem Abbey Vandal". Associated Press. 30 December 2014.
  15. ^ Nir Hasson (17 January 2016). "Jewish Extremists Vandalize Jerusalem's Dormition Abbey". Haaretz.
  16. ^ Weinstein, Eytan (21 June 2015). "Thousands rally for peace at torched Galilee church". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
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31°46′20″N 35°13′44″E / 31.7722°N 35.2289°E / 31.7722; 35.2289