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Acharya Pujyapada or Pūjyapāda (464 - 524 CE)[1] was a renowned grammarian and acharya (philosopher monk) belonging to the Digambara tradition of Jains. Since it was believed that he was worshiped by demigods on account of his vast scholarship and deep piety, he was named Pujyapada. He was said to be the guru of King Durvinita of the Western Ganga dynasty.[2]
Acharya Shri 108 Pujyapada Ji Maharaj | |
|---|---|
 Digambara Acharya | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | Devanandi 464 CE |
| Died | 524 (aged 59–60) |
| Parents |
|
| Notable work(s) | Sarvārthasiddhi, Iṣṭopadeśa |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Jainism |
| Sect | Digambara |
Biography
Pujyapada flourished in fifth or sixth century CE.[3] Before initiation as a Digambara monk, he was known as Devanandin.[4] He was heavily influenced by the writings of his predecessors like Acharya Kundakunda and Acharya Samantabhadra. He is rated as being the greatest of the early masters of Jain literature.[5] He was prominent preceptor, with impeccable pontifical pedigree and spiritual lineage. He was a great yogi, sublime mystic, brilliant poet, noted scholar, eminent author and master of several branches of learning.[6] He wrote in Sanskrit, in prose as well as verse form.[7] He was pontiff of the Nandi sangha, which was a part of the lineage of Acharya Kundakunda. He was the tenth guru of the pontifical lineage of the Nandi Sangha. He was born in a Brahmin family of Karnataka. His parents were Madhava Bhatta and Shridevi.[8]
It is likely that he was the first Jain saint to write not only on religion but also on secular subjects, such as ayurveda and Sanskrit grammar. Acharya Pujyapada, besides being a profound scholar of the Jainism and a mendicant walking in the footsteps of the Jinas, was a grammarian,[3] master of Sanskrit poetics and of ayurveda.[citation needed]
Works
- Iṣṭopadeśa (Divine Sermons) – It is a concise work of 51 verses.[9] It deals with the real and ethical aspects of life using examples from our day to day lives. Acharya Pujyapada adumbrates the spiritual requirements that would transform our mundane lives into the sublime. Pujyapada differentiates between the important and the trivial, the essential and the non-essential and explains how the soul is different from its mortal coil. He goes a step further and explains that without realizing the essential difference between the eternal, i.e. the soul and the mutable, i.e. the body, all the devotion and all the meritorious deeds one performs shall not lead to liberation.
- Sarvārthasiddhi (Attainment of Higher Goals) - Sarvārthasiddhi is a commentary on the Tattvārthasūtra, marked by precision and conciseness.[3][9][4] It serves as the definitive mula patha for all Digambara works on the Tattvārthasūtra. Sarvārthasiddhi is the earliest surviving commentary on the Tattvārthasūtra,[3] since an even earlier commentary, the Gandhahastī Mahābhāṣya of Acharya Samantabhadra, is no longer available. Not even the famed Jain manuscript libraries, known as Grantha Bhandara, have a copy of the Gandhahastī Mahābhāṣya.
- Jainendra Vyākaraṇa (Jainendra Grammar) - Jainendra Vyākaraṇa deals with Sanskrit grammar and is considered as one of the finest early works on Sanskrit grammar.[4]
- Samādhitantra (Method of Self-Contemplation) – It is a treatise on yoga and adhyatma, outlining the path to liberation through differentiating the soul from the body. This is a short work, succinctly written, with 106 verses.
- Daśabhaktyādisangraha (Collection of Ten Adorations) - This is a collection of 10 adorations of the Arihantas and the Siddhas, meant to be performed by Jain ascetics. It also serves to record traditions, especially concerning the life of Mahāvīra.
- Śāntyāṣṭaka (Hymn in Praise of Śāntinātha) - A poem of 8 verses in adoration of Bhagavān Śāntinātha, the 16th Tīrthankara.
- Kalyāṇakāraka (Causer of Benefit) - A valuable work on āyurveda.
- Digambara Jain monks hold that one must master three texts in order to have a fruitful ascetic career:
- i) Samādhitantra to cleanse the soul
- ii) Jainendra Vyākaraṇa to cleanse one's language
- iii) Kalyāṇakāraka to cleanse one's body and keep it free of disease and the debilitating effects of aging.
- Śabdāvatāranyāsa (Arrangement of Words and their Forms) - A work on Sanskrit grammar, said to be a gloss on Pāṇinī
- Jainābhiṣeka (Jain Anointment) - A work on Jain rituals
- Chandaśāstra (Treatise on Prosody) - A work on Sanskrit prosody
Notes
- ^ Jain, Jyoti Prasad (2005), The Jaina Sources of the History of Ancient India (Second ed.), p. 102
- ^ "Jaina Antiquary". Volume XVIII.1, pp 13-15.
- ^ a b c d Balcerowicz 2003, p. 29.
- ^ a b c Upinder Singh 2008, p. 524.
- ^ Page 98, Jain, Jyoti Prasad. The Jaina Sources of the History of Ancient India. Second, revised edition: 2005.
- ^ Page 98, Ibid.
- ^ Page 98, Ibid.
- ^ Introduction. Jain, Jaykumar.Samadhitantra. First edition, 2006.
- ^ a b Jain 2014, p. xiv.
References
- Jain, Vijay K (26 March 2014), Acarya Pujyapada's Istopadesa – the Golden Discourse, ISBN 9788190363969
- Singh, Upinder (2008), A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century, New Delhi: Pearson Education, ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0
- Balcerowicz, Piotr, ed. (2003) [2002], Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1977-2
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