Jennifer Mulhern Granholm (born February 5, 1959) is a Canadian-born American politician, educator, author, and political commentator who served as Attorney General and 47th Governor of the State of Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, Granholm became Michigan's first female governor on January 1, 2003 when she succeeded Governor John Engler. Granholm was reelected on November 7, 2006 and was sworn in for her second – and, owing to term limits, final – term on January 1, 2007. She was a member of the presidential transition team for Barack Obama before he assumed office on January 20, 2009.[1] After leaving public office, Granholm took a position at the University of California, Berkeley and, with her husband Daniel Mulhern, coauthored A Governor's Story: The Fight for Jobs and America's Future, released in September 2011.[2] Later she became host of The War Room with Jennifer Granholm on Current TV.
Jennifer Granholm | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 47th Governor of Michigan | |
| In office January 1, 2003 – January 1, 2011 | |
| Lieutenant | John Cherry |
| Preceded by | John Engler |
| Succeeded by | Rick Snyder |
| 51st Attorney General of Michigan | |
| In office January 1, 1999 – January 1, 2003 | |
| Governor | John Engler |
| Preceded by | Frank Kelley |
| Succeeded by | Mike Cox |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jennifer Mulhern Granholm February 5, 1959 Vancouver, Canada |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley Harvard University |
Early life, education, and early career
Granholm was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to Shirley Alfreda (née Dowden) and Victor Ivar Granholm.[3] Granholm's paternal grandfather, who immigrated to Canada in the 1930s, came from Robertsfors, Sweden, where his father was mayor.[4] The former Minister for Enterprise and Energy and former Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden, Maud Olofsson, lives in Robertsfors, and when the two met in Sweden, it was revealed that Olofsson's husband is a relative of Granholm.[5]
Granholm's paternal grandmother was an emigrant from Norway. Granholm's family moved to California when she was four.[6] She grew up in Anaheim, San Jose, and San Carlos.[7] Granholm graduated from San Carlos High School in 1977.[6] She won the Miss San Carlos beauty pageant.[7] As a young adult she attempted to launch a Hollywood acting career but was unsuccessful and abandoned her efforts at the age of 21.[6] In 1978 she appeared on The Dating Game,[8] with a Video on YouTube recently surfacing. She held jobs as a tour guide at Universal Studios and in customer service at the Los Angeles Times and was the first female tour guide at Marine World Africa USA in Redwood City, piloting boats with 25 tourists aboard.[7] In 1980, at the age of 21 years, she became a naturalized U.S. citizen,[9] worked for John Anderson's independent run for President of the United States, and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. She graduated from UC Berkeley in 1984 Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. in Political Science and French. Granholm then earned a Juris Doctor degree at Harvard Law School, also with honors. At Harvard Law School, Granholm served as Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, the leading progressive law journal in the United States.
She clerked for Judge Damon Keith, a Senior Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. In 1990 she became an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan. In 1994 she was appointed to the Wayne County Corporation Counsel.
Michigan Attorney General
Granholm was elected Michigan Attorney General in 1998, defeating the Republican nominee, John Smietanka, 52 percent to 48 percent.
2002 gubernatorial election
In the 2002 election, she defeated former Governor James Blanchard and House Democratic Whip David Bonior in the Democratic primary and then went on to win the gubernatorial election against the Republican nominee, Lieutenant Governor Dick Posthumus, to become governor.
Governor
Granholm was sworn in as the 47th Governor of the state of Michigan on January 1, 2003. Upon her inauguration, in addition to becoming the state's first female governor, she also became its third governor who was not a natural-born citizen of the United States and its fourth who was not born within the United States. (The earlier two non-natural-born citizens were Fred M. Warner, born in England, 26th Governor from 1905 to 1911; and John Swainson, also born in Canada, the 42nd Governor from 1961 to 1963. George W. Romney, born in Mexico and 27th Governor from 1963 to 1969, was a natural-born citizen by virtue of his parents' US citizenship at the time of his birth.)
First term: 2003–2007
She emphasized Michigan's need to attract young people and businesses via the Cool Cities Initiative.[10][11] As governor, she was a member of the National Governors Association. She was chair of the Health and Human Services Committee and was co‑chair of the Health Care Task Force of the National Governors Association. She is also a former chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. She lived in the official Michigan Governor's Residence, located near the Capitol Building.
In 2003, Granholm ran five miles across the Mackinac Bridge, which connects the state's two peninsulas, in 47 minutes during the Mackinac Bridge Walk. Her run began a new tradition, and 2004 saw the first annual Governor's Labor Day Bridge Run[12] held hours before the Annual Bridge Walk. This time she finished the run in under 45 minutes.
During Granholm's first year in office, she made a significant number of budget cuts to deal with a $1.7 billion deficit (about 2% of the annual state budget). She was upset by proposals to cut state funding to social welfare programs, such as homeless shelters and mental health agencies. During an interview, she reflected on her view of the proper perspective of budget cuts:
- "Often those who cloak themselves in a cape of religiosity happen to be some who are the biggest cutters. Now, some of that can balance out. But when you get to cutting the services for the least of these – in the 25th chapter of Matthew in the 37th verse the Lord says, 'Whatsoever you do to the least of these, so also you do unto me' – that's when I question whether somebody is really living out the faith that they profess". The interviewer noted that Granholm would be criticized, but she hoped that everyone would "keep those values in mind...through the budget process". Betsy DeVos, the chairman of the Michigan Republican Party (1996–2000, 2003-05), was upset that Granholm had decided "to cloak her views on balancing the budget in religious terms in order to demonize her political opponents". Granholm responded that she did not think her response was controversial and said that many people of faith were serving in state government.[13]
Granholm has been a proponent of education reform since the first year of her term. In her first State of the State Address in 2003, Granholm announced Project Great Start to focus on reforming education for children from birth to age 5. Project Great Start has coordinated public and private efforts to encourage educating new parents and encouraging parents to read to their children.[14]
Granholm emphasized post-secondary education for Michiganders following the decline in Michigan manufacturing jobs, many of which did not require a college degree. In 2004 she asked Lt. Governor John D. Cherry to lead the Commission on Higher Education and Economic Growth to double the number of college graduates in Michigan. Many of the Commission's recommendations were enacted into law during Granholm's tenure as governor, e.g., increasing high school graduation standards (The Michigan Merit Curriculum) so that every Michigan high school student takes a college preparatory curriculum, which includes four years of math and English/language arts and three years of science and social studies, beginning with students who entered high school in the fall of 2006.[15]
At an awards ceremony on October 28, 2004, Granholm was inducted into the "Michigan Women's Hall of Fame". She has also been the recipient of the Michigan Jaycees 1999 "Outstanding Young Michiganders" and the YWCA "Woman of the Year" awards.
In February 2005, Michigan's Republican-dominated legislature refused to vote on Granholm's proposed state budget, citing concerns over cuts to state funding for higher education.[16] In the previous years of Granholm's term, many cuts to higher education had been demanded and voted in the legislature in order to balance the state budget. The year before, Republican leaders had called Granholm a "do‑nothing governor", claiming that she failed to lead, while Democrats accused legislative Republicans of being obstructionist. In January 2005, Granholm presented an early budget proposal, demanded immediate response from the Legislature, and held a press conference outlining the highlights of the proposed budget. After refusing to consider, debate, or vote on the proposed budget, Republicans stated they would prefer that the legislature have more involvement in the formation of the state budget.[17]
Michigan's economy had been losing jobs since 2000, largely owing to the decline in the American manufacturing sector. Granholm supported diversification of Michigan's economy away from its historical reliance on automotive manufacturing. She pushed through a $2 billion 21st Century Jobs Fund to attract jobs to Michigan in the life sciences, alternative energy, advanced manufacturing, and homeland security sectors.[18] Granholm also supported alternative energy jobs to Michigan to replace lost auto manufacturing jobs.
2006 campaign
Granholm ran for a second term in the 2006 election. Her opponent was Republican businessman and politician Dick DeVos.[19]
Both the Granholm campaign and the Michigan Democratic Party put out television commercials produced by Joe Slade White focusing on her efforts to revive Michigan's economy and accusing Dick DeVos of cutting Michigan jobs while he was head of what was then called Amway. Granholm won reelection, defeating DeVos. The election results were 56 percent for Granholm, 42 percent for DeVos, and a little over one percent for minor party candidates Gregory Creswell, Douglas Campbell, and Bhagwan Dashairya.[19] Granholm's share of the vote was 4.9 percent higher than in her first gubernatorial election in 2002.
Second term: 2007–2011
The 2006 elections saw a return to power by the Democrats in the Michigan State House of Representatives and the retention of Republican control over the Michigan Senate. The partisan division of power in Michigan's state government led to a showdown between Granholm and lawmakers over the FY 2008 state budget that resulted in a four-hour shutdown of nonessential state services in the early morning of October 1, 2007, until a budget was passed and signed.[20] The budget cut services, increased the state income tax, and created a new set of service taxes on a variety of businesses, e.g., ski lifts and interior design and landscaping companies, to address a state budget shortfall. As a result of the controversial budget, some taxpayer and business advocates called for a recall campaign against Granholm and lawmakers who voted for the tax increases.[21]
The budget crisis eventually led Standard & Poor's to downgrade Michigan's credit rating from AA to AA-. Additionally, the crisis contributed to sinking approval ratings for Granholm, which went from 43 percent in August 2007[22] to a low of 32 percent in December 2007. She had one of the lowest approval ratings for any governor in the United States.[23]
In 2007 Granholm proposed and signed into law the No Worker Left Behind Act to provide two years of free training or community college for unemployed and displaced workers.[24] Since its launch in August 2007, more than 130,000 people have enrolled in retraining.[25] The program caps tuition assistance at $5000 per year for two years, or $10,000 per person, and covers retraining in high-demand occupations and emerging industries.[26]
The Department of Energy, Labor, and Economic Growth reported back in October 2009 that 62,206 people had enrolled and that of the 34,355 who had completed training, 72% had found work or retained their positions and a further 18,000 were still in long-term or short-term training.[27][28] 16% of all enrolments had withdrawn or failed to complete the training.[28] As of July 2010, more than two years after the program was launched, 65,536 people were in training or involved in on-the-job training.[25] Dropouts had been reduced to 13.1% of enrollments.[25]
Granholm delivered her sixth State of the State address on January 29, 2008. The speech focused mainly on creating jobs in Michigan through bringing alternative energy companies to Michigan.[29] Through passing a renewable portfolio standard, which would require that 10 percent of Michigan's energy would come from renewable sources by 2015 and 25 percent by 2025, Granholm expected the alternative energy industry to emerge in Michigan.[30] Since the passage of the standard, Mariah Power, Global Wind Systems, Cascade Swift Turbine, Great Lakes Turbine, and 38 other companies have announced new projects in Michigan.[31] The solar and wind power industries now provide over 10,000 jobs in Michigan. As a result of Granholm's efforts, Michigan is now fourth in the nation in the number of jobs in the solar industry and first in the nation for clean energy patents.[32]
Granholm also called in the speech for an incentive package to offer tax breaks to filmmakers who shoot in Michigan and use local crews in production. A package of bills offering film industry incentives was approved by both houses of the Michigan legislature and signed into law by Granholm on April 7, 2008.[33]
Partly because of pressure from Granholm, Michigan's Democratic presidential primary was moved up to January 15, leading the Democratic National Committee to strip the Michigan Democratic Party of its delegates (Michigan historically had held its caucuses on February 9). Granholm has been named by some as a possible candidate for United States Attorney General. She was the policy chair of the Democratic Governors Association.
On April 29, 2008, Granholm had emergency surgery to fix a bowel obstruction that stemmed from a 1993 accident. Because of the surgery, Granholm had to postpone a trip to Israel and Kuwait.[34] She finally made the journey in November 2008 and signed a water technology partnership agreement with the Israeli government. In addition, she delivered the keynote address at an automotive event organized by the Michigan Israel Business Bridge and the Israel Export Institute.[35]
In response to a May 14, 2008, resolution by the Detroit City Council that Granholm remove Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick from office because of eight (later ten) felony counts against him,[36] Granholm began an inquiry[37] that culminated in a removal hearing on September 3, 2008.[38] On September 3, Granholm outlined the legal basis for the hearings, arguments were made, and three witnesses were called.[39] On the morning of September 4, Kilpatrick agreed to two plea deals in which he pleaded guilty to two counts of perjury and no contest one count of assaulting and obstructing a police officer in two separate cases. Both of the deals required his resignation. When the hearing reconvened later that day, Granholm stated that the hearing would be adjourned until September 22 as a result of the plea deals and that if Kilpatrick's resignation became effective before then, the hearing would be cancelled.[40]
In September 2008, Governor Granholm undertook the role of Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin in a series of practice debates with Democratic vice presidential nominee Joe Biden.[41]
With the election of Barack Obama as president, Granholm joined his economic advisory team, and there was speculation that she might join the Obama administration.[42] On May 13, 2009, the Associated Press reported that President Obama was considering Granholm, among others, for possible appointment to the United States Supreme Court. Eventually Obama chose Sonia Sotomayor.[43]
In 2010 Granholm was unable to seek reelection owing to Michigan's term limits law.[44] Governor Granholm's tenure ended on January 1, 2011, when Republican Rick Snyder, who won the 2010 election, was sworn in.
Later Career
Governor Granholm is a Distinguished Practitioner of Law and Public Policy at the UC Berkeley Goldman School of Public Policy and UC Berkeley School of Law.[45] In autumn 2011, she taught a graduate course entitled "Governing in Tough Times". As a senior advisor to The Pew Charitable Trusts’ Clean Energy Program and founder of The American Jobs Project at UC Berkeley, Granholm spearheads a campaign for a national clean energy policy that promotes and funds American energy independence and home-grown manufacturing and innovation for wind, solar, and advanced battery industries across the United States.[46] She is a regular contributor to NBC's political talk show Meet the Press. She has authored a book, A Governor's Story: The Fight For Jobs and America's Economic Future (Release Date: September 20, 2011), with her husband on the lessons Michigan's experience can offer to America and served on the board of directors of the Dow Chemical Company.[47] On October 12, 2011, Current TV announced that Granholm would be joining its new political primetime lineup as host of the new program The War Room with Jennifer Granholm. She announced she was leaving the network due to the sale to Al Jazeera on Twitter.[48]
She "became a household name" after delivering what has been described as a "hyperactive"[49] and "sharp-tongued"[50] speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, on September 6. Granholm's speech centered around the automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010; specifically, President Obama's decision to bail out General Motors and Chrysler, its beneficial effects on the U.S. economy, and Mitt Romney's opposition to the bailout.[51]
In January 2014, she was picked to co-chair Priorities USA Action opposite Jim Messina.[52] She has previously stated that Hillary Rodham Clinton "is the strongest candidate out there should she decide to raise her hand" in regards to the upcoming 2016 Presidential Election. Granholm previously supported the former Secretary of State over Barack Obama in the 2008 election cycle. She considered running for the United States Senate in 2014 to replace retiring Democrat Carl Levin, but decided against doing so.[53] In August 2015, months after Hillary Clinton's campaign announcement for the 2016 Presidential Election, Granholm transitioned from Priorities USA Action to Correct the Record, another Clinton-aligned political committee whose classification allows Granholm to serve as a direct "surrogate" for Hillary Clinton on the campaign trail.[54] The increased visibility of her senior role in the Clinton campaign indicates that she may in the running for a U.S. Cabinet position or Democratic National Committee (DNC) leadership should Hillary Clinton be elected in 2016.[55]
Presidential Cabinet speculation
In September 2014 when Attorney General Eric Holder announced his intention to step down, there was speculation that Granholm might be a potential candidate for the next United States Attorney General.[56] Loretta Lynch was ultimately nominated for the position.
There is ongoing speculation that Granholm may be tapped for a Cabinet position as U.S. Secretary of Commerce in a possible Hillary Clinton presidency.[57]
Personal life
In 1986 she married Daniel Mulhern, a Michigan native, and took his surname as her middle name. They have three children, Kathryn, Cecelia, and Jack.
As governor of Michigan, Granholm was afforded the courtesy title of Her Excellency.
On October 21, 2010, Granholm was made a Commander of the Royal Order of the Polar Star, First Class, by the King of Sweden "for her work in fostering relations between Michigan and Sweden to promote a clean energy economy".[58][59]
She is a relative of Rolf Olofsson, the husband of former Swedish Centre Party politician Maud Olofsson.
After leaving public office, she was elected to the Dow Board of Directors.[60] She resigned after seven months.[61]
Electoral history
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jennifer Granholm (Incumbent) | 2,142,513 | 56.3 | +4.9 | |
| Republican | Dick DeVos | 1,608,086 | 42.3 | −5.1 | |
| Libertarian | Greg Creswell | 23,524 | 0.6 | n/a | |
| Green | Douglas Campbell | 20,009 | 0.5 | −0.3 | |
| Constitution | Bhagwan Dashairya | 7,087 | 0.2 | −0.3 | |
| none | Write-in candidates | 37 | 0.0 | n/a | |
| Majority | 534,427 | 14.0 | +10 | ||
| Turnout | 3,801,256 | 100 | +19.6 | ||
| Democratic hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jennifer Granholm | 1,633,796 | 51.4 | n/a | |
| Republican | Dick Posthumus | 1,506,104 | 47.4 | n/a | |
| Green | Douglas Campbell | 25,236 | 0.8 | n/a | |
| Constitution | Joseph Pilchak | 12,411 | 0.4 | n/a | |
| none | Write-in candidates | 18 | 0.0 | n/a | |
| Majority | 127,692 | 4.0 | |||
| Turnout | 3,177,565 | 100 | |||
| Democratic gain from Republican | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jennifer Granholm | 499,129 | 47.69 | ||
| Democratic | David Bonior | 292,958 | 27.99 | ||
| Democratic | Jim Blanchard | 254,586 | 24.32 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jennifer Granholm | 1,557,310 | 52.09 | ||
| Republican | John Smietanka | 1,432,604 | 47.92 | ||
See also
References
- ^ "Despite presidential losses, women in politics score gains" (PDF). Cawp.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ [1] Archived 2012-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ancestry of Jennifer Granholm". Wargs.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Sandberg, Hans "Jennifer Granholm: A Governor Traces Her Swedish Roots". Currents, Swedish-American Chambers of Commerce, Fall 2007.
- ^ Karlsson, Pär (November 10, 2008). "Svenskättling kan bli Obamas minister". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ a b c Detroit Free Press, 11/6/02, "Shes' the Boss – Granholm wins a place in history as Michigan Elects the state's first female governor".
- ^ a b c "Gov. Jennifer Granholm (D)". National Journal Group Inc. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ Brush, Mark. "'Cute and curvaceous Jennifer Granholm' resurfaces on YouTube". Michigan Radio. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ McFadyen, Jennifer (January 14, 2009). "Immigrant Spotlight: Gov. Jennifer Granholm". About.com Guide. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ Granholm, Jennifer. "Governor's Letter" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ^ "Michigan's Cool Cities Initiative: A Reinvestment Strategy" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ^ "Governor's Labor Day Bridge Run". Michiganfitness.org. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Dan Shine and Kathleen Gray (January 3, 2004). "On cut, Granholm cites Bible, draws wrath". Detroit Free Press.
- ^ Editorial Board (October 13, 2003). "Great Start: State project will change youngest lives for better". Detroit Free Press.
- ^ Granholm, GJM (2004). "Final Report on Lt. Governor's Commission on Higher Education and Economic Growth" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-04-01.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Panels pass over Granholm plan to cut budget By Tim Martin (Source: Lansing State Journal, Feb. 16, 2005)
- ^ Granholm-GOP impasse stalls her agenda By Chris Andrews Source: Lansing State Journal, Apr. 17, 2005.
- ^ [2] Archived 2009-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "2006 Official Michigan General Election Results – Governor 4 Year Term (1) Position". Miboecfr.nictusa.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "SOM – Governor Granholm Says Comprehensive Budget Solution Resolves State's Fiscal Crisis". Michigan.gov. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Bell, Dawson (October 4, 2007). "Recall voices unite against Granholm". Detroit Free Press.
- ^ "Survey USA shows slide in Gov. Granholm's approval rating". wzzm13.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "SORTED ALPHABETICALLY: APPROVAL RATINGS FOR ALL 50 GOVERNORS AS OF 05/10/05". Surveyusa.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Detroit News staff and wire reports (February 6, 2007). "Granholm proposes 'No Worker Left Behind'". Detroit News.
- ^ a b c "Job retraining efforts sputter in Michigan". The Detroit News. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "No Worker Left Behind" (PDF). Michigan.gov. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "No Worker Left Behind Update". Michigan.gov. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b "No Worker Left Behind" (PDF). Michigan.gov. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "Alternative energy key in Granholm's State of the State address". M-LiveGranholm also addressed the fact that one individual, Chris Schons, a regional director for the Dr. Pepper-Snapple Group in Detroit, was doing an outstanding job of driving positive results in a slow economic climate. She noted that Schons and his management team were not only driving sales upward but also keeping labor costs low to improve the company's profit. Associated Press. January 30, 2008.
- ^ Andrews, Chris (February 5, 2008). "Powering up: Granholm out to generate support for alternative-energy industry". Lansing State Journal.
- ^ "Priorities for Michigan's Economic Future" (PDF). Michigan.gov. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "Michigan's Solar and Wind Energy Supply" (PDF). Environmental Law and Policy Center. March 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
- ^ Verrier, Richard (April 7, 2008). "Michigan to court Hollywood with hefty incentives". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Granholm has emergency surgery; overseas trip is postponed". clickondetroit.com. WDIV. 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
- ^ "Granholm signs water technologies agreement". Crain's Detroit Business. Lansing. Associated Press. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ Nick Bunkley. Detroit Council Seeks Mayor's Ouster. Accessed May 14, 2008.
- ^ Gorchow, Zachary; Ben Schmitt (2008-05-22). "Granholm starts Kilpatrick ouster inquiry". freep.com. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2008-05-27.
- ^ "Attorneys Hash Out Detroit Mayor Removal Hearing Rules". clickondetroit.com. WDIV. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ "Gov.'s Hearings To Remove Mayor Resume Thursday". clickondetroit.com. WDIV. 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ "Granholm: If Mayor Resigns Hearings To Be Cancelled". clickondetroit.com. WDIV. 2008-09-04. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ Healy, Patrick (2008-09-04). "Granholm: Pact on Debates Will Let McCain and Obama Spar". nytimes.com. WDIV. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ [3] Archived 2008-11-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "AP source: Obama has more than 6 people for court". Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ^ Saulny, Susan. "Jennifer M. Granholm". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
- ^ https://gspp.berkeley.edu/directories/faculty/jennifer-granholm
- ^ http://americanjobsproject.us/wp-content/themes/AJP-theme/css/assets/american-jobs-project-press.pdf
- ^ "Jennifergranholm.com". Jenniergranholm.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Abbeylambertz, Kate (January 3, 2013). "Jennifer Granholm Leaving Current TV Political Show, 'The War Room'". Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ Caldwell, Patrick (9 October 2012). "Debate Prep with Joe". The American Prospect.
- ^ "Jennifer Granholm: How Did She Rev up the DNC?". Christian Science Monitor. 7 September 2012.
- ^ Hart, Benjamin (7 September 2012). "Jennifer Granholm Speech Electrifies Democratic Convention Crowd". Huffington Post.
- ^ "Jennifer Granholm's Role In Presidential Politics Grows « CBS Detroit". Detroit.cbslocal.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Livingston, Abby (March 22, 2013). "Michigan: Granholm Won't Run for Open Senate Seat". Roll Call. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
- ^ "Jennifer Granholm Resigns from Pro-Clinton Super PAC". politico.com. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ "Jennifer Granholm Ex-Michigan Governor Takes on New Role Supporting Hillary Clinton". New York Times. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ Matt Apuzzo & Michael D. Shear (25 September 2014). "Attorney General Eric Holder, Prominent Liberal Voice in Obama Administration, Is Resigning". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- ^ "Handicapping HRC Cabinet because Beltway". Daily Kos. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ "Guvernör Jennifer Granholm förlänades Nordstjärneorden av kungen". Sveriges kungahus (in Swedish). Stockholm: The Royal Court of Sweden. October 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "GRANHOLM – King Carl XVI Gustaf to Recognize Granholm in Stockholm Thursday for Fostering Relations between Michigan, Sweden". Lansing: Office of the Governor of the State of Michigan. October 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ^ Dodson, Andrew (March 24, 2011). "Former Gov. Jennifer Granholm's Dow Chemical board compensation could be higher than her previous salary". Booth Mid-Michigan. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
- ^ Scheyder, Ernest (October 2, 2011). "2-Ex-Michigan Gov. Granholm quits Dow Chemical board". Reuters. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
External links
- Granholm Leadership Fund official leadership fund site
- Jennifer Granholm at TED
- Michigan Department of State 2002 official election results
- Michigan Department of State 2006 official election results
- Goldstein, Amy (May 20, 2009). "Governor Granholm's Rise to Politics". Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
At San Carlos High School south of San Francisco, she was chosen as a mediator during a period of racial tension. She also was selected "foxiest" in her graduating class and won the Miss San Carlos pageant.
- Appearances on C-SPAN