DR.(Prof.) R.K.KHANDAL is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London and a unanimously elected President (for the period 2010 to 2012) of WAITRO (World Association of Industrial & Technological Organizations, which is a UN body, having more than 180 Research & Technological Organizations as its members from 80 countries).
R.K.Khandal | |
|---|---|
आर. के. खाण्डल | |
| Vice-Chancellor U.P. Technical University (UPTU) | |
| In office 2012 – Till Date | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 September 1957 India |
| Residence | Lucknow |
| Education | Ph.D.(Applied Chemistry) |
| Alma mater | Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad |
| Occupation | Vice-Chancellor, U.P.Technical University (UPTU) |
| Awards | INSME International Award
R.N. Bangur Memorial Award R.G. Deshpande Award Meri Dilli Award Srishti Awards Amity Academic Excellence Award |
He is presently the Vice – Chancellor of Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) – the Largest Technical University in the World since September 19, 2012.
Virtues & Strengths
Born on September 06, 1957 in the village Jonaicha Kalan in district Alwar, India, Prof. Dr. R.K. Khandal completed his education upto eighth standard in the village school, famous for breeding talent. He won district level debate competitions continuously for three years starting from 6th to 8th standard and also won the state level debate competition during this period. Later he studied for his Higher Secondary Education at a Govt. school in Delhi followed by further higher studies (graduation and post graduation) from prestigious Hindu College of the University of Delhi and Doctorate degree in Applied Chemistry from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. Remaining in constant touch with his native village, Prof. Khandal acquired all the basics of human value systems which have helped him rise till date.
Prof. R. K. Khandal is person of eminence with unique expertise and capabilities. He knows how to convert challenges into opportunities. He has been known for his virtues and strengths as a:
Mentor: Prof. Khandal is a real mentor in its true sense. He has the knack of finding the hidden potential in individuals. Creating teams, team leaders and facilitating them to deliver and excel is something that he does in a matter-of-factly manner. His students find it easy to take up challenging tasks; thanks to the training they take under Prof. Khandal. It is due to his role as a mentor that Prof. Khandal is admired by all who interact with him.
Teacher: Prof. Khandal, a recipient of International Academic Excellence awards from Eye Watch, India, Amity Academic Excellence Award, Guru Vashisht Award is a perfect teacher and a true academician. Simply because he is very strong and thorough with clear concepts in the field of applied sciences, he can connect to his students with a great degree of penetration. Teaching is his passion and he does this with great interest and enthusiasm. He is invited keynote speaker for several universities and institutes throughout the country.
As Vice Chancellor of Uttar Pradesh Technical University, he has tried to bring in several scientific reforms into the technical education of the university and has transformed it into an ‘ Innovation University’ and has led the university to a strong position today through his distinguished leadership
Leader: Remaining low key but involved in high-end research is a prominent trait of Prof. Khandal’s personality. As a result, he can envisage the challenges associated with the delivery of the projects as per the committed objectives. Exploiting the resources in a most optimum manner to develop high-end technologies that are easily adaptable by the common masses and thereby making the projects self sustainable demonstrates one of the strengths of Dr. Khandal. He can produce the desired results from the team. People working with him remain always in a comfort zone with high keenness, enthusiasm and dedication towards their work. His unanimously being elected as the President of WAITRO, a UN body and his being instrumental in creating linkages amongst the 500 research and technological organizations in the 80 member countries of WAITRO is the testimony of different types of personal skills e.g. social, interpersonal, organizational, technical, etc which Dr. Khandal possesses as a leader. It is his Interpersonal skills which have facilitated in creating international collaborations with various universities and R&D organizations across the globe and being one of the consortium members for several multi-national projects including EU framework.
Manager: He has been managing big groups from the initial stages of his career. Exposure to industries of medium to high scale from both private as well as government sectors has made him a successful manager. More than the execution of the projects in time, he has acquired the skills to create projects out of his novel ideas and then put them into execution mode. Remaining focused on the aims and objectives while leading the teams to achieve the required targets are the virtues that he possesses. He is capable of instilling confidence and motivation in the team members for finding breakthroughs. He has played an immense role and has several contributions towards policy making, planning, execution of project not only at the national level but at the International level.
Researcher and an Innovator: Dr Khandal besides being an educationist and an academician is a researcher, a scientist, a technologist and an innovator. He has a complete understanding of 360 degree cycle of research and innovation. Finding out alternative systems, methods, procedures, products, processes, technologies are his key areas of interest. With a visionary approach towards creating innovative technologies and converting ideas into reality for value addition and value creation of technologies is something for which Dr Khandal is highly acknowledged. Developing the technologies from its concept stage to the stage of commercialization using novel approaches is the testimony of his being an innovator. He is known for developing several technologies using local resources to produce products of high quality meeting international standards. He has been successful in applying novel ways to resolve complex problems faced during various industrial processes.
Besides, he always believes in sustainable research. As the Director, Shriram Institue for Industrial Research, he converted the test house to self sustainable research institute. He has demonstrated his excellence in all areas pertaining to science, technology and innovation
Orator: Prof. Khandal has tremendous oratory skills; his style of delivery and unique ability to present complex things in simple and easy-to-understand manner make him very appealing to the audience which makes him the most popular orator in the scientific world. Prof. Khandal is most sought after, for the delivery of keynote lectures, etc. in scientific forums, both national and international.
Being up-to-date and having a passion for knowledge are the key attributes, which make Prof. Khandal the member of committees set-up for decision support system and policy making by government authorities as well as industrialists.
Education
Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), United Kingdom
Ph.D. (Applied Chemistry), Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad
M.Sc. (Chemistry), University of Delhi, India
Positions Held
September 2012 onwards
Vice-Chancellor, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, India
2001-2012
Director, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, India
1993-2001
Profit Center Head and General Manager (R&D), India Glycols Limited, Kashipur, India
1991-1993
Formulation Mgr., ICI, Specialty Chemicals, Thane, India
1989-1991
Visiting Scientist, CNRA, Versailles, France
1986-1987
UNIDO Fellow at ICI, UK
1985-1989
Group Leader, Pesticide Development Program India, a UNIDO/UNDP assisted Project of Govt. of India
1982-1985
Lecturer, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
Recognition
President, World Association of Industrial and Technological Research Organizations, (WAITRO) a U.N. body consisting of 168 members from 80 countries.
Awards
1. Srishti Green Cube Award for development of green technology for waste management, 2007, Srishti Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2. R. G. Deshpande Award for popularization of radiation processing technology 2010, National Association for Application of Radio Isotopes and Radiation in Industry
3. Srishti Green Cube Award for waste management and environment protection 2006, Srishti Publications Pvt. Limited
4. Srishti Green Cube Award for innovative conversion of waste to wealth, 2009, Srishti Publications Pvt. Limited
5. Srishti Green Cube Award for energy efficient green technology, 2010, Srishti Publications Pvt. Limited
6. Best Innovation Award for Innovation and technology transfer to SMEs, 2005, International Network for Small and Medium
Sized Enterprises
7. Bangur Memorial Award for innovation and modernization of technologies, 2006, Bharat Chamber of Commerce
8. Meri Dilli Award for outstanding contribution in applied research for improvements in standard of living of Delhi
citizens, 2011, National News Services
9. Lifetime Achievement Award for educational planning and administration, 2013, International Association of Educators
for World Peace
10. Eminent Engineers Award for outstanding contributions to innovative research in environment sciences, 2013,
Institution of Engineers
11. Academic Excellence Award for outstanding contribution to education, 2013, Amar Ujala
12. Amity Academic Excellence Award for pioneering industrial research, 2010, Amity University
13. International Academic Excellence Award from Eye Watch, India, at Singapore
14. Guru Vashisht Award from Khandelwal group of Institutes
15. U.P. Ratna Award, 2014 for Transforming the Standards of Technical Education in India
Technologies Developed
• High refractive index optical plastics
• Fluoropolymers
• Nanophotocatalyst for industrial effluent treatment
• Utilization of fly ash for value added products
• High performance strategic materials
• Derivatization of natural polymers
• Nanofluids for heat transfer applications
• Radiation processing of Nylon for improved performance
• Detoxification of PCBs
• Modification of coal tar pitch
• Perm selective membranes
• Data interpretation of mass spectrometers
• Sanitary napkins for rural women
• Biodegradable and self absorbable sutures
• Value added products from plastics waste
• Plastics waste for making roads and highways
• Working on popularisation of gamma radiation technology for polymerisation and food processing industries
• Developed technologies and products for various industrial applications e.g.
• Personal care and pharma
• Food and farm products
• Textile Processing
• Packaging and materials for food applications
• Petroleum production and refining
Expertise
• Surfactants; dispersants and emulsifiers
• Specialty products (including surfactants) for pharmaceuticals, oil and petroleum, engineering industries, mineral,
textile, paper and improving the formulations of various industrial products
• Emulsions, Foams and microemulsions
• Analytical method development and validation
• Method development and validation involving sophisticated analytical instruments and data interpretation
• Benefaction of various minerals (mainly ceramic materials) and coal
• Absorption behaviour and persistence of pesticides formulations and their residues
• Formulations for pesticide, detergent, paper, textile, personal care, explosives, leather, oil field, emulsion
polymerization, paints, cement, fertilizer etc.
• Value added products from plastic waste
• Energy efficient nanomaterials
• Green technologies
• Nanocomposites
• Fluoropolymers
• Natural Polymers
• Biosensors
Patents and Technologies Transferred
1. Lead Containing Novel Polyacrylate for optical application, US Patent Application No. 12/303,636
2. Barium Containing Novel Polyacrylate for optical application, US Patent Application No. 12/103,645
3. Process for the synthesis and preparation of polymeric materials for use in optical applications such as plastic lenses, US Patent 8173754, 2012
4. Lead containing novel polyacrylate for optical applications, US 2010/0029805 A1
5. A process technology for polymerization of DEGBAC WO 2006/ 075338 A1
6. Lanthanum containing polyacrylate for optical and coating applications, Chinese Patent 200780027457.X
7. A Process for the synthesis and preparation of polymeric materials for use in optical applications such as plastic lenses, Chinese Patent, 200780027467.3
8. A process technology for producing a sanitary napkin, Application, No. 643/DEL/2005- Commercialized
9. A process technology for producing absorbent core from textile waste, Application No. 597/Del/2005- Commercialized
10. A polymeric material for use in biomedical applications, Application No. 595/Del/2005
11. A disposable vaginal speculum, Application No. 596/Del/2005 Commercialized
12. A process preparation of Polythiol 2341/DEL/2004
13. Polythiol 2342/DEL/2004
14. A process for polymerization of Diethylene glycol bis allyl carbonate, 99/DEL/2005
15. A process for the synthesis of Polythiol, 100/DEL/2005
16. An improved lens of diethylene glycol bis allyl Carbonate, CR-39 and process of preparation thereof, 259/DEL/2006
17. Procedure for the preparation of intermediate glycolide for polyglycolide, 1020/DEL/2003 - Commercialized
18. Procedure for the preparation of glycolic acid for surgical suture.1021/DEL/2003, I.P. - Commercialized
19. Process for the preparation of water based solid stick adhesive, 1204/ DEL/ 2003, I.P. - Commercialized
20. Barium containing novel polyacrylates for optical application, 1340/DEL/2006
21. Lead containing novel polyacrylates for optical application, 1342/DEL/2006
22. Lanthanum containing novel polyacrylates for optical application, 1341/DEL/2006
23. A process for the synthesis and preparation of polymeric materials for use in optical applications such as plastic lenses, 1398/DEL/2006
24. A process for the synthesis and preparation of polymeric materials for use in optical applications such as plastic lenses, PCT/IN07/00094
25. Barium containing novel polyacrylates for optical application, PCT/IN07/00097
26. Lead containing novel polyacrylates for optical application, PCT/IN07/00096
27. Lanthanum containing novel polyacrylates for optical application, PCT/IN07/00095
Ph.D./M. Tech. Produced
As a research guide, supervised several research scholars for successful completion of their research degrees (Ph.D/ M.Tech) in the field of Analytical, Applied Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry and Environment, using state-of-the-art advanced analytical techniques.
Number of M.Techs /Ph.Ds awarded : 25
Topics of Ph. D. thesis under supervision
Supervising 20 research scholars on following topics:
1. Detoxification of aflatoxins in groundnuts
2. Novel materials with photocatalytic activity for effluent treatment
3. Metal-containing materials with photocatalytic effect for effluent treatment
4. PU plaster cast for orthopedic support
5. Value-added products using fly ash
6. E-beam curable pressure sensitive adhesives for medical applications
7. High-performance cross-linked polyamides by radiation processing
8. Radiation processing grafting of guar gum
9. Co-relation of physical and chemical properties of flyash and cements blend with it
10. Synthesis of ion, pH and temperature responsive hydrogels
11. Nanocomposites for optical applications
12. Nanocomposites for solar cell applications
13. Improvement of biocompatibility of optical plastics
14. Lead free X-ray resistant garments
15. Studies on Heavy metals in raw herbs and processed formulations
16. Studies on Environmental contaminants in food and environmental matrices
17. Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Methods for the determination of residual contaminants in complex matrices of food, pharmaceuticals and textiles
18. Heavy metals in raw and processed honey from various sources
19. Use of gamma radiation for shelf-life enhancement of raw medicinal herbs and formulations
20. Studies of impurities profile for paraquat and clomozon for compliance with environment safety
21. Studies of impurities profile for propergite and acephate for compliance with environment safety
22. Studies on use of U.V. and Gamma Radiations for decontaminating aflatoxin content in peanuts
Publications
a) Books edited : 2
b) Books authored : 7
c) Chapters published in Books : 22
d) Papers : More than 90 research papers in peer reviewed journals
International projects
In the area of Food, Farm and Pharma products
1. Multi-residues of pesticides in raw and processed food products: Milk and Dairy, Meat and Poultry, Fruits and
Vegetables, Cereals and grains, using GC-MS and LC-MS-MS
2. Multi-residues of antibiotics and veterinary drugs in raw and processed food products of animal origin using LC-MS-MS
3. Multi-residues of pesticides in soft-drinks and other beverages using GC-MS and LC-MS-MS
4. Multi-residues of banned dyes (Sudan I-VIII) in chillies, spices and different food products using LC-MS-MS
5. Validated method for estimation of Benzo (a) pyrene in coal-tar pitch
6. Determination of Melamine in Milk, dairy milk chocolates, Guar meal, Guar flakes, using GC-MS
7. Determination of Buprofezin residues in various foods using GC-MS
8. LC-MS-MS method for determination of cordycepin content in medicinal mushrooms
9. GC method for residues of diethylene glycol in pharmaceuticals
10. LC-MS-MS method for determination of allopregnanolone (hormone) in blood and serum after HPLC column clean up
11. GC-MS and LC-MS-MS methods for determination of residual pesticides in honey and other raw and processed food and
herbal products
12. HPTLC method for residues of Estradiol and Progesterone in polio vaccines
13. Method for determination of residues of mycotoxins in herbal supplements using HPLC and LC-MS-MS
14. Method for determination of residual benzoic acid in bakery products, confectioneries and skimmed milk powder using
HPLC
15. Method for determination of amylmetacresol and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol in throat lozenges using GC
16. Simultaneous determination of water soluble vitamins in pharmaceuticals, food products and herbal drinks by HPLC using
solid phase extraction technique for sample clean-up
17. Multi-residues of pesticides in drinking water, ground water, river water and lake water using GC-MS and LC-MS-MS
18. Residual determination of total hydrocarbons using head-space GC in fish from river water to estimate the level of
water pollution and its bioaccumulative effect on the food chain
19. Residual determination of heavy metals by ICP in fish from river water to estimate the level of water pollution and
its bioaccumulative effect on the food chain
20. Multi-element analysis of toxic metals in food and farm products including beverages using ICP-OES
21. Method for determination of residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in air, water and food products using
GC-MS
22. Residues of Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated biphenyls in air, water and food products using GC-MS
23. Residues of aflatoxins in raw and processed agricultural and dairy products
24. Method for Chromatographic determination of Pentachlorophenol used as preservative in leather and textiles by GC
25. Method for determination of Brominated Vegetable Oil in cloudy Carbonated beverages by HPLC
26. Method for determination of adulteration of argemone in mustard by HPLC
27. Simultaneous determination of multi-vitamins in herbal drinks using HPLC
28. Residual determination of Vinyl Chloride monomer in packaging materials using head space GC
29. Bio-availability studies for Ibuprofen in blood and serum using HPLC with solid phase extraction for clean up
30. Method for determination of multi – nucleotides in infant milk formulae by HPLC
31. Simultaneous determination of residues of various solvents in drugs and pharma products
32. Method for determination of B-12 and folic acid in multi-vitamin pharmaceuticals by LC-MS-MS
33. Method for bio-availability studies of Levamizole in blood serum and pharmaceuticals by HPLC
34. Determination of Atropine sulphate from the blood serum using LC-MS-MS
35. Method for determination of Diltiazem hydrochloride to study its bio-availability in blood and serum by HPLC
36. Method for simultaneous determination of antihistamine drugs in cold and cough syrups by HPLC
37. Method for determination of Acrylamide residues in water by LC-MS-MS
38. Microbiological assay method for natural food preservative – Nisin
39. Methodologies for identification of impurities in 25 pesticides being used in different parts of the world using GC,
HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS-MS
National and International Projects
In the area of Material Sciences
Prof. R. K. Khandal is known for the conversion of ideas from lab scale to commercial scale. He is well known for his expertise in various branches of the chemical sciences leading several groups of scientists pursuing research in various areas of science and technologies in the following areas:
A. Development of novel polymer materials for varied applications such as
a) Biomedical devices
b) Sensor & membranes
c) High performance materials
d) Hygiene products
e) Optical plastics
f) Specialty coatings
B. Radiation processing technologies for :
a) Shelf life enhancement of fruits & vegetables
b) Polymer modification
C. Waste utilization
a) Utilization of plastic waste to make roads
b) Hygiene products from textile waste
c) Fiber reinforced composites for floor tiles, partition panels, etc
d) Conversion of fly ash into value added products
D. High performance materials
a) Smart polymers
b) Fluoropolymers
c) Nanomaterials
E. Natural polymers
a) Derivatisation of natural polymers for application in the food & pharma industries
b) Speciality coatings for various surfaces such as wood, metal, ceramics & plastics
F. Green technologies
a) Cellular light weight concrete
b) Value added products from fly ash
G. Nanotechnology
a) Nanocomposites for optical applications
b) Nanocomposites for effluent treatment
c) Nanofluids for heat transfer applications
H. Development of emulsions, foams, micro-emulsions, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers and formulations for
applications in the industries
a) Pesticides
b) Detergents
c) Paints & coatings
d) Cosmetics & personal care
e) Petroleum Oil Production
Organization of Programmes
for Sensitization and Capability Building
Prof. Khandal’s contribution towards sensitization and capability building in different fields of science and technology is noteworthy. Here is the list of events successfully organized as the Chairman of the programme:
1. National workshop on awareness of gamma Radiation Processing of Foods, Spices, Animal feed and Healthcare products on
November 2003
2. Conference on ‘NABL awareness programme on measurement uncertainity’ on March 8 – 10, 2004
3. National consultation on ‘Herbo-metallic preparations of Indian systems of medicine; safety and quality
standardisation’ on March 3 – 6, 2006
4. International Workshop Supported by GO-GLOBAL, an EU project invoving 11 countries of EU and 6 of Asia, was organized
on `Emerging Food Safety Risks –What Can we Expect and what Can we do’ on November 11, 2008
5. Workshop on `Quality Assurance of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathic Drugs’ was organised in collaboration with
Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on June 10-11, 2008
6. International Conference on E-Beam Irradiation: An Eco-friendly Technology for Processing of Food and Industrial
Products on July 30-31, 2009
7. Training workshop for ten ASEAN Countries on ‘Analysis of chemical & biological contaminants in raw and processes
food’ on December 4 – 18, 2009
8. Training workshop for scientists of BSTI, Bangladesh on ‘Analysis of chemical & biological contaminants in raw and
processes food’ on February 8 – 20, 2010
9. Training workshop for scientists of BSTI, Bangladesh on ‘Quality evaluation of food products, textiles & building
materials’ on June 28 – July 2, 2010
10. Training workshop for scientists of CARIRI, Trinidad & Tobago on ‘Food microbiology & applied research’ on March 22 –
April 5, 2011
11. Training workshop for Iraq on ‘Technical applications for magnetic systems in field of agriculture, environment &
industry’ on October 4 – 10, 2010
12. Training workshop for scientists of Iraq on ‘Water quality evaluation for monitoring & mapping’ on November 25 –
December 24, 2009
13. Training workshop for scientists of Iraq on ‘Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil & water’ on November 8 – 27, 2010
14. Training workshop for scientists of Iraq on ‘Detection & determination of dioxins in food & water’ on November 15 –
27, 2010
15. Workshop on Capability Building of Affiliated Institutions on 17th and 18th Jan, 2013 at IET campus, UPTU, Lucknow
16. Conference on "Focus on making brand image of UPTU" and bring out the Vision-2020 of the university for the growth of
technical education in the state of Uttar Pradesh” organized by UPTU
17. Conference on “Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications” in February 2014 at IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad
Books Edited
1. Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Volume I, An SRI Publication ISBN: 987-81-910772-0-9
2. Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Volume II, An SRI Publication ISBN: 987-81-910772-1-6
Books Authored
1. Novel Nanocomposites for Optical Applications Rakesh Kumar Khandal, Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri LAP Publications, ISBN: 978-659-35113-6, 2013
2. Water Quality Issues Needing Technological Interventions: Sustainable Availability for All Khandal Dhriti, G. Mathur, R. Prem, Monica Singh, V. S. Rawat, Geetha Seshadri, A. Manjeet, R. K. Khandal Water and Health ISBN: 978-81-322-1028-3, 2014 (Copyright), Chapter 20, pp 305-353
3. Modification of Coal Tar Pitch for reducing Benzo-a-pyrene content and development of specialty composites using modified coal tar pitch Rakesh Kumar Khandal & Sapana Kaushik LAP Publications, ISBN: 978-3-659-47813-0, In Press
4. Determining residual levels of toxic compounds in complex matrices, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010, ISBN : 978-38-38338-743
5. Metal containing polymers for optical applications, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010, ISBN : 978-38-38362-381
6. Training Manual on Water Quality Evaluation: Monitoring and Mapping
7. Destruction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in oils by gamma radiation, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012, ISBN : 978-3-659-15226-9
Chapters published in books
1. “Fats, Oils and Detergents” NISCAIR Digital Library
2. “Polymers” NISCAIR Digital Library
3. “Production of solvents for the detergent industry” Handbook of Detergents Part F edited by Uri Zoller
4. “Role of Surfactants in paints, inks and polishes ” Handbook of Detergents Part E edited by Uri Zoller
5. “Sanitary and phyto-sanitary compliance by irradiation”; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol I, edited by R. K. Khandal
6. “Gamma irradiation for enhancement of shelf-life of apples” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol I, edited by R. K. Khandal
7. “Radiation processing technology for eliminating mycotoxins in food and feed” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol I, edited by R. K. Khandal
8. “Effect of -radiation on herbal products” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol I, edited by R. K. Khandal
9. “Gamma irradiation of dehydrated carrots : A case study” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol I, edited by R. K. Khandal
10. “Degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by gamma irradiation : A case study on removal of PCBs from petroleum oils.
11. “Management and hygienization of Municipal sewage sludge- Existing practices and future potential for radiation processing technology” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol I, edited by R. K. Khandal
12. “Modification of natural polymers: Prospects of using radiation technology” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
13. “Radiation processing for development of novel materials” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
14. “Application of radiation processing in adhesives” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
15. “Electron beam radiation processing for development of high performance engineering plastics” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
16. “Applications of e-beam curing in epoxy composites” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
17. “Radiation processing for degradation and depolymerization” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
18. “E-beam curable novel coating materials for Indian Woods: A Case Study” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
19. “An overview of radiation processing technology for polymer industry” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
20. “Applications of radiation processing for gem stones” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
21. “Radiation protection systems : A case study for X-rays protection polymeric materials” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
22. “Radiation Processing Technology: Assessment of Success Factors and Path forward” ; Radiation Processing Technology Applications: Vol II, edited by R. K. Khandal
List of Publications
1. Review on Semiconductor Mediated Photocatalyst Ruchi Gupta, Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri, Pranshu Chhabra Kapoor & Rakesh Kumar Khandal International Journal of Photocatalysis, in Press
2. Optical plastics fromAcrylates and Cinnamates; Incorporation of barium for improved properties
Ruchi Gupta, Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri, & Rakesh Kumar Khandal International Journal of Research and Review in Applied Sciences, 12, 1, 72, 2012
3. Novel nanocomposite optical plastics; Dispersion of Titanium in polyacrylates
Mukti Tyagi, Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri, Gurcharan Lal Verma & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
Journal of Nanotechnology, article number.531284, 2010
4. Effect of crosslinkers on adhesion properties of electron beam curable polyurethane pressure sensitive adhesive
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Volume 41, March 2013, Pages 73–79
Anil Kumar Singh, Dayal Singh Mehra, Utpal Kumar Niyogi, Sunil Sabharwal, Jolanta Swiderska, Zbigniew Czech, Rakesh Kumar Khandal
5. Novel hydrocolloids: Preparation and Applications-A Review
International Journal of Research & Reviews in applied Sciences 16, 3, 2013, 432-482
6. Enhancing shelf life of litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit through integrated approach of surface coating and gamma irradiation
Neha Pandey, Sanjay Kumar Joshi, C.P. Singh, Surendra Kumar, Sanjay Rajput, R.K. Khandal
Radiation Physics and Chemistry Volume 85, April 2013, Pages 197–203
7. Fly ash utilization Part I: Understanding basics
Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri, Pranshu Chhabra Kapoor & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
NBM&CW October 2012 pp 186-190
8. Investigation on Nylon 66 silicate nanocomposites modified under gamma radiation
Rajiv Pradhan, Arnab Shanker Bhattacharyya, Nilay Pramanik, Ramsankar Haldar, Utpal Kumar Niyogi, Rakesh Kumar Khandal, Shantanu Bhowmik
Journal of Polymer Engineering Volume 32, Issue 6-7 (Sep 2012) Pages 379–388
9. Certain Rheological Aspects of Functionalized Guar Gum
Meenu Kapoor, Dhriti Khandal, Ruchi Gupta, Pinklesh Arora, Geetha Seshadri, Saroj Aggarwal, and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 463907, 15 pages
10. A-90 Day Gavage Safety Assessment of Boswellia serrata in Rats
Pooja Singh, K. Mathai Chacko, M. L. Aggarwal, Binu Bhat, R. K. Khandal, Sarwat Sultana, and Binu T. Kuruvilla
Toxicol Int. 2012 Sep-Dec; 19(3): 273–278
11. Studies for optimization of conditions for reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanuts using ultraviolet radiations
Neelima Garg, Manjeet Aggarwal, Saleem Javed & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
International Journal of Drug Development & Research, 5, 3, 2013, 229
12. Optical Plastics from Acrylates & Cinnamates; Incorporation of Barium for Improved Properties
Gunjan Suri, Pranshu Chhabra Kapoor, Ruchi Gupta, Geetha Seshadri and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
International Journal of Research & Reviews in Applied Sciences, 12, 1, 72, 2012
13. A 90-day gavage safety assessment of Boswellia serrata in rats
Pooja, K. M. Chacko, M. L. Aggarwal, Binu Bhatt, R. K. Khandal and Sarwat Sultana
Toxicology International, Society of Toxicology, 20, 3, 2012
14. Trends in R&D and technology in roads and road transportation and challenges of present times
Arti Maan, Narender Pal, Dayal Singh Mehra and Rakesh Kumar Khandal CSIR-CRRI Diamond Jubilee Souvenir, 42, July
15. Acrylic Nanocomposites for Optical Applications
Gunjan Suri, Geetha Seshadri and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
E-Polymers, Accepted (In Press)
16. Effect of tackifier and cross-linkers on electron beam curable polyurethane pressure sensitive adhesive
Anil Kumar Singh, Dayal Singh Mehra, Utpal Kumar Niyogi, Sunil Sabharwal and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 81, 5, 547, 2012
17. Quality of drugs and pharmaceuticals
R. K. Khandal and Manjeet Aggarwal
Medical Buyer, 10, 2, February 2012
18. Fortified Foods: Opportunities and Challenges,
Geeta Mathur, Sangeeta Sharma, Manjeet Aggarwal and R. K. Khandal
Food and Beverage News, April 2012
19. Radiation processing: A boon for processing sector
Rachna Joshi, Manjeet Aggarwal, R. K. Khandal, Abhishek Chauhan, Pankaj Goel and Sanjay Rajput
Food and Beverage News, March 2012
20. Processed food packaging: Challenges, opportunities
Smita, Radhika Sharma, Manjeet Aggarwal and R. K. Khandal
Food and Beverage News, February 2012
21. Food safety issues- Residues and contaminants: Scenario in India
Smriti, Rajavally Prem, V. S. Rawat, Manjeet Aggarwal and R. K. Khandal
Food and Beverage News, January 2012
22. Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites and their Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties
Sanjay K. Chattopadhyay, R. K. Khandal, Ramagopal Uppaluri, Aloke K. Ghoshal
J. of Applied Polymer Science, 119, 1619, 2011
20. Biodegradability Studies on Natural Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
Sanjay K. Chattopadhyay, Sanjay Singh, Nilay Pramanik, U. K. Niyogi,
R. K. Khandal, Ramagopal Uppaluri, Aloke K. Ghoshal
J. of Applied Polymer Science, 121, 4, 2226, 2011
21. Modification of Nylon 66 by electron beam irradiation for improved properties and superior performances
Nilay K. Pramanik, R. S. Haldar, Y. K. Bharadwaj, S. Sabharwal, U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
J. of Applied Polymer Science, 122, 1, 193, 2011
22. Method development and validation for determination of voglibose content in tablet formulation using LC-MS-MS technique
Mithilesh Rajput, Meenakshi Dahiya, Premlata Kumari, Kamini Kalra, Manjeet Aggarwal and R. K. Khandal
E-Journal of Chemistry, 8, 4, 1770, 2011
23. Simultaneous determination by Gas Chromatography of Lindane and Carbaryl in combined formulations
Indrajit Sen, Ajay Shandil, Manjeet Aggarwal and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
E-Journal of Chemistry, 8, 1, 391, 2011
24. Study on effect of euphorbia coagulum on physico-mechanical and fire retardant properties of polyester-banana fiber composite
Bhuvaneshwar Rai, Gulshan Kumar, R. K. Diwan and R. K. Khandal
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4, 4, 443, 2011
25. Novel Nanocomposite Optical Plastics: Dispersion of Titanium in Polyacrylates
Gunjan Suri, Mukti Tyagi, Geetha Seshadri, Gurucharan Lal Verma & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
Journal of Nanotechnology, article no. 531284, 2010
26. Mechanical, thermal & morphological properties of MA-g-PP compatibilized and chemically modified banana fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Sanjay K. Chattopadhyay, R. K. Khandal, Ramagopal Uppaluri, Aloke K. Ghoshal
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 117, 3, 1731, 2010
27. Nano Photocatalytic Materials For Treatment of Effluents
Pranshu Chhabra, Ruchi Gupta, Shikha Saxena, Geetha Seshadri, R. Nagarajan & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
International journal of Emerging Technologies in Sciences and Engineering, 2, 2, 2010
28. Challenges in Preparation of Metal-Containing Polymers; Dispersion of Titanium into Plastics
Gunjan Suri, Pranshu Chhabra, Ruchi Gupta, Shikha Saxena, Mukti Tyagi, Geetha Seshadri, Gurucharan Lal Verma & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
e-Polymers, 106, 2010
29. Studies on deltamethrin treated Mosquito net
A Tyagi, T. Sharma, M. Singh, K. Fatma, V. S. Rawat, M. Aggarwal & R. K. Khandal
E-Journal of Chemistry, 7, S1, S15, 2010
30. Understanding inter-particle interactions through viscosity of Guar-Surfactant aqueous systems
M. Talwar, D. Khandal, P.Chhabra, G.Suri, M. Tyagi, G. Seshadri, A.K.Tyagi, U.K.Niyogi, S. Aggarwal and R.K. Khandal
Trends in Carbohydrate Research, 2,2,2010
31. Anti-bacterial activity of raw and processed honey.
Abhishek Chauhan, Vimlendu pandey, K. M. Chacko and R. K. Khandal
Electronic Journal of Biology, 5, 3, 2010
32. Development of Technology for Management of Coal Ash-Vision 2012
Narendar Pal, D. S. Tyagi, Laxmi Rawat, P. K. Kaicker, U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
J. of Coal Ash Institute of India, 10, 21, 2010
33. Overview of flyash and flyash blended in cements
Narendar Pal, D. S. Mehra , U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
Asian J. of Chem. & Env. Res., 3, 2, 92, 2010
34. Flyash filled recycled crumb rubber pavement tiles
Narendar Pal, Manoj Kumar, D. S. Mehra , D. S. Tyagi, U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
Indian Journal of Power and river valley Development, 60, 9-10, 180, 2010
35. Development of Photocatalyst; Studies to show degradation of dyes in the effluents
Ruchi Gupta, Pranshu Chhabra, Shikha Saxena, Geetha Seshadri, U. K. Niyogi & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
Published in book by Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 2010
36. Quantitative determination of Ivermectin in Raw Milk using positive ESI LC-MS/MS
Meenakshi Dahiya, Shanta Sen, Kiran Lamba, Manjeet Aggarwal and R. K. Khandal
E-Journal of Chemistry, 7, S1, S267, 2010
37. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria in waters associated with a hospital in Ujjain, India
Vishal Diwan, A. K. Tamhankar, Rakesh K. Khandal, Shanta Sen, Manjeet Aggarwal, Yogyata marothi, Rama V. Iyer, Karin Sundblad Tonderski and Cecilia Stalsby Lundborg BMC Public Health, 10, 414, 2010
38. Ethanol blended fuel in India: An overview
Mahesh K. saini, Neelima Garg, Anil K. Singh, Ajay K. Tyagi, Utpal K. Niyogi and Rakesh. K. Khandal
Journal of Biofuels, 1, 2, 209, 2010
39. Quantitative determination of boron content in tamsulosin hydrochloride using Inductively Coupled plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Mithilesh Rajput, Vinay Kumar Jain, Dharam Pal Jain, Manjeet Aggarwal and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 4, 182, 2010
40. Novel way of making High Refractive Index Plastics; Metal Containing Polymers for Optical Applications
M. Tyagi, G. Suri, P. Chhabra, G. Seshadri, A. Malik, S.Aggarwal, R. K. Khandal
e-Polymers, 100, 2009
41. Radiation processing of nylon by electron beam for improved properties of performance
N. Pramanik, R. S. Haldar, Y. K. Bhardwaj, S. Sabharwal, U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
Journal of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 78, 199, 2009
42. Properties of Optical Plastics Prepared by Gamma Radiation
G. Suri, P. Chhabra, M. Tyagi, S. Kaushik, G. S. Jha, G. Seshadri, A. Malik, U. K. Niyogi, R. K. Khandal
J. Polymer Materials 26, 1, 33, 2009
43. Studies to design a sulfur containing bifunctional (diol) building block with improved refractive index
G. S. Jha, P. Chhabra, G. Suri, M. Tyagi, P. Arora, G. Seshadri, R. K. Khandal
E-Journal of Chemistry, 6, 2, 399, 2009
44. Studies related to the quality of chlorpyriphos 20EC formulation
Indrajeet Sen, Monica Singh, Ajay Kumar Shandil, V. S. Srivastava, Manjeet Aggarwal & R. K. Khandal
Pestology, 33, 1, 2009
45. Influence of varying fiber lengths on mechanical, thermal & morphological properties of MA-g-PP compatibilized and chemically modified short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Sanjay K. Chattopadhyay, R. K. Khandal, Ramagopal Uppaluri, Aloke K. Ghoshal
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113, 6, 3750, 2009
46. Fundamental Aspects of water quality and its monitoring using water quality field test kits
N. Chauhan, S. Kumari, P. Parmar, K. Fatma, P. Kumar, U. K. Niyogi, V. K. Verma,
R. K. Khandal
Water Digest, 6, 41, 2009
47. Materials for Intraocular lenses (IOLs): Review of developments to achieve biocompatibility
Tripti D., R. S. Haldar, Geetha S., U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
e-Polymers, 124, 2009
48. Studies on development of polymeric materials using gamma irradiation for Contact and Intraocular Lenses
Pranshu Chhabra, Ruchi Gupta, Gunjan Suri, Mukti Tyagi, Geetha Seshadri, S. Sabharwal, U. K. Niyogi and R.K. Khandal
International Journal of Polymer Science, Article no. 906904, 2009
49. Modification of low refractive index polycarbonate for high refractive index applications
Gunjan Suri, Gouri Shankar Jha, Geetha Seshadri & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
International Journal of Polymer Science, Article no. 836819, 2009
50. Fabric softeners: An Overview
R. Gogoi, D. S. Mehra, U. K. Niyogi & R. K. Khandal
Man made textile in India, 241, July 2009
51. Performance evaluation of market-available diaper
H. Gupta, D. K. Singh, P. Tyagi, R. K. Khandal, R. K. Diwan, Ramesh Aggarwal, Vinod Paul and A. Malik
Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 76, 8, 859, 2009
52. Detection of antibiotics in hospital effluents in India
Vishal Diwan, A. K. Tamhankar, Manjeet Aggarwal, Shanta Sen, Rakesh K. Khandal and Cecilia Stalsby Lundborg
Current Science, 97, 12, 1752, 2009
53. Hygiene pads from natural fibers: a feasibility study on two Indian Bamboo species
D. K. Singh, P. Tyagi, A. Malik, R. K. Diwan, R. K. Khandal
International Journal of Bamboo and Rattan, 7, 3-4, 193, 2008
54. Studies on Euphorbia coagulum modified polystyrene waste jute composite: Part II
A. Kumar, R. K. Diwan & R. K. Khandal
Journal of Polymeric Materials, 26, 1, 55, 2009
55. Sulphur containing plastics and its ophthalmic applications
G. S. Jha, G. Seshadri, A. Mohan, R. K. Khandal
e-polymers, 35, 2008
56. Retention of color intensity in henna paste during storage
N. Verma, D. S. Mehra, U. K. Niyogi & R. K. Khandal
Natural Product Radiance, 7, 2, 2008
57. Studies on Coagulum modified polyester jute composites
Amit Kumar, R. K. Diwan, A. Mohan, R. K. Khandal
Journal of Polymer Materials, 2, 2, 199, 2008
58. Metal containing polymers for optical applications; Part II
M. Tyagi, G. S. Jha, G. Seshadri, A. Malik, S.Aggarwal, R. K. Khandal
Journal of Polymer Materials, 24, 2, 2007
59. Modification of coal tar pitch by chemical method to reduce benzo (a) pyrene
S. Kaushik, R. K. Raina, G. Bhatia, G. L. Verma and R. K. Khandal
Current Science, 93, 4, 540, 2007
60. Improvements in essential electrical and physical properties of phenol formaldehyde resin by incorporation of modified coal tar pitch
Sapana Kaushik, Rajesh Kumar Raina, Gurucharan Lal Verma, Gopal Bhatia and Rakesh Kumar Khandal
e-Polymers, 004, 1-9, 2007
61. Development of high refractive index plastics
G. S. Jha, G. Seshadri, A. Mohan, R. K. Khandal
e-polymers, 120, 2007
62. Study on Processibility and property of Thermosetting Composition of Coal Tar Pitch and Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
Sapna Kaushik, R.K. Raina, G.L. Verma, Gopal Bhatia and R.K. Khandal
Journal of Polymer Material, 24, 1, 27, 2007
63. Study on Techniques for Estimation of Benzo Pyrene in Coal Tar Pitch
Sapna Kaushik, R.K. Raina, Manjeet Aggarwal, G.L. Verma, Gopal Bhatia and R.K. Khandal
Analytical Chemistry, 3, 2-3, 39, 2006
64. Gamma Radiation as an Environment Friendly Process for Detoxification of PCBs in Transformer Oil
R.K. Singh, U.K. Niyogi, Gurdeep Singh and R.K. Khandal
Journal of Environment Science and Engineering, 48, 1, 45, 2006
65. Development of metal containing polymers for optical applications
M. Tyagi, M. Verma, G. Seshadri, A. Malik, S.Aggarwal, R. K. Khandal
Journal of Polymer materials, 23, 1, 2006
66. Utilization of fly ash waste in raw mix compositions for making cement
P. K. Bhatia, Bhupesh Sharma, R. K. Singh, U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
Water and Energy Abstracts, 16, 2, 2006
67. Century of notable research in Chemistry
M. Verma, G. Seshadri & R. K. Khandal
J. Indian Chem. Soc., 82, 1173, 2005
68. Optical plastics- a wonder material
M. Verma, G. S. Jha, G. Seshadri & R. K. Khandal
J. Indian Chem. Soc., 82, 1113, 2005
69. Utilization of Fly ash waste in polymer industry
R. K. Singh, U. K. Niyogi and R. K. Khandal
Water and Energy Abstracts, 16, 1, 2005
70. Quality evaluation of wheat and wheat flour
Manjeet Aggarwal, R.K. Khandal
Indian Miller, XXXII, 2, Jan-Feb, 2002
71. Development and characterization of ceramic fiber-polyester laminates
M. Q. Parwez, Khursheed Fatma, S. K. Maiti and R. K. Khandal
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 45, 1-2, 9, 2002
72. Alternative surfactants for improved detergent formulations
N. Aggarwal, S. Saxena, S. K. Goel, P. Purkait and R. K. Khandal
Chemical Business-Bombay-, 13, 6, 111, 1999
73. Adsorption of different polymers on kaolinite and their effect on flumequine adsorption
R.K. Khandal, C. Chenu, I. Lamy and M. Terce
Applied Clay Science, 6, 5-6, 343, 1992
74. Interactions between Different Anions and geothite surface as seen by different methods.
M. Dijafer, R.K. Khandal and M. Terce.
Colloids and Surfaces, 54, 209-218, 1991
75. Adsorption characteristics of flumequine on kaolinitic clay.
R.K. Khandal, J.C. Dur and M. Terce
Geoderma, 50, 1-2, 95, 1991
76. Physico-chemical evaluation of clays from Bhilwara region, Rajasthan.
S.K. Khatter and R.K. Khandal
Proceding of Indian National Science Academy, 56 A, 3, 267, 1990
77. Flow properties of’ clay suspensions.
R.K. Khandal and P.K. Gangopadhyay
Indian Ceramics, 30, 11, 223, 1988
78. Physico-chemical evaluation of bhilwara clay-A case study.
S.K. Khatter and R.K. Khandal
Indian Ceramics, 30, 12, 1988
79. Quality assurance parameters of clays.
R.K. Khandal
Indian Ceramics, 30, 12, 245-49, 1988
80. Applications of visco-elastic measurements to the Investigation of the swelling montmorillonite suspensions
R.K. Khandal and Th.F. Tadros
J. Colloid and Interface Science, 125, 1, 122, 1988
81. Evaluation of some Indian clays for their use in pesticide formulation.
S.K. Khatter, R.K. Khandal and S.K. Khetan
Clay Research, 6, 2, 59, 1987
82. Physical characteristics and mineralogical composition of two Kerala clays.
R.K. Khandal, S.K. Khatter and S.K. Khetan
Indian Ceramics, 29, 11, 227, 1987
83. Characterisation of Karya Magnesite from Karnataka.
R.K. Khandal, P.K. Gangopadhyay, J.K. Singh and B.M.K. Reddy
Proc. Ind. Natn. Sci. Acad., 51A, 5, 872, 1985
84. Thermal Analysis Studies of Karya Magnesite.
R.K. Khandal, B.M.K. Reddy and P.K. Gangopadhyay
Proc. Ind. Natn.Sci. Acad. 52A, 2, 565, 1986
85. Kerala Kaolin as Cracking Catalyst
N. Misra, R.K. Khandal and P.K. Gangopadhyay
Ind. J. Tech, 24, 10, 646, 1986
86. Flocculation-Deflocculation of Clays
R.K. Khandal
J. Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. 44, 2, 80, 1985
87. Chacterisation of three Indian Clays.
R.K. Khandal, P.K. Gangopadhyay and T.C. Rao
Trans. Ind. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 44, 4, 82, 1985
88. Characterisation and Acid Treatment of Two Indian Clays.
R.K. Khandal and P.K. Gangopadhyay
J. Ind. Ceram. 28, 9, 195, 1985
89. Effect of Coagulants on Flocculation of Coal by Polymeric Flocculants.
R.K. Khandal
Proc. Ind. Natn. Sci. Acad. 51A, 5, 863, 1985
90. Thermal Analysis of Two Low Grade Indian Clays.
R.K. Khandal, M.M. Konar, P.K. Gangopadhyay and T.C. Rao
Ind. Ceram. 27, 5, 93, 1984
91. Differential Thermal Studies on some Indian Clays.
R.K. Khandal, M.M. Konar, P.K. Gangopadhyay and T.C. Rao
Proc. Ind. Natn. Sci. Acad. 50A, 3, 234, 1984
92. Leaching studies on two Indian Clays
R.K. Khandal and P.K. Gangopadhyay
Clay Research, 3, 2, 107, 1984
93. Some important Characteristics of Bikaner Clay.
R.K. Khandal, P.K. Gangopadhyay and T.C. RAO
Trans. Ind. Ceram. Soc., 42, 2, 48, 1983
94. Effect of Exchanged Cations on X-ray Diffraction and Thermal Analysis
Studies of Bikaner Clay
R.K. Khandal
Ind. Ceram. 27, 1, 3, 1983
95. Effect of Heat on Bikaner Clay.
R.K. Khandal, P.K.Gangopadhyay and T.C. Rao
J. Canadian Ceram. Soc., 51, 35, 1982
References
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