The Border Security Zone in Russia is the designation of a strip of land (usually, though not always, along a Russian state border) where economic activity and access are restricted without permission of the FSB.[1] In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local FSB department is required.[1] The restricted access zone (of 7.5 km. width generally, but e.g. running as much as 90 km deep along the Estonian border) was established in the Soviet Union in 1934, and later expanded, at times including vast territories.[citation needed] In 1935–1936 in order to secure the western border of the Soviet Union many nationalities considered unreliable (Poles, Germans, Ingrian Finns, Estonians, Latvians) were forcibly transferred from the zone by forces of NKVD.[2]
During the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the state borders changed dramatically but the zone was not corrected accordingly and hence effectively ceased to exist. In 1993 the Law on the State Border was adopted and reestablished a border strip with restricted access, which should not exceed 5 km (although in fact it became much wider in some places).[3] In 2004 the law was amended, the 5 km restriction was excluded, and FSB was legally authorized to draw the zone’s limits on its own without coordination with local authorities.[3][4] In 2006 FSB Director Nikolay Patrushev and his deputy Sergei Smirnov issued decrees delimiting the zone, which now expanded much and included many large settlements, important transport routes and resort areas, especially in the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Primorsky Krai.[3][5][6] In 2007, pressured by the public, FSB curtailed the zone in some places.[5][6]
See also
References
- ^ a b Template:Ru icon Приказ Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации от 28 сентября 2006 г. N 452 г. Москва Об утверждении Правил пограничного режима.
- ^ Template:En icon Martin, Terry (1998). The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing. The Journal of Modern History 70.4, p.813–861.
- ^ a b c Template:Ru icon Пограничная зона и пограничный режим на территории Ленинградской области и Республики Карелия. 2006.
- ^ Template:Ru icon Федеральный закон от 01 апреля 1993 г. N 4730-1 в редакции от 7.03.2005 "О Государственной границе Российской Федерации", Статья 16.
- ^ a b Template:Ru icon Погранзона в Карелии сокращена почти втрое, 4 June 2007.
- ^ a b Template:Ru icon В Приморье окончательно определены пограничные зоны, 30 May 2007.
External links
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