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The New Society Movement (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, KBL), formerly named the New Society Movement of United Nationalists, Liberals, et cetera (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan ng Nagkakaisang Nacionalista, Liberal, at iba pa, KBLNNL), is a right-wing[6][7] political party in the Philippines. It was first formed in 1978 as an umbrella coalition of parties supporting then-President Ferdinand E. Marcos for the Interim Batasang Pambansa (the unicameral parliament) and was his political vehicle during his 20-year regime.[8] It was reorganized as a political party in 1986,[9] and is the furthest to the right of the political spectrum among active parties after Marcos' ouster.[9]
New Society Movement Kilusang Bagong Lipunan | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| President | Efren "Rambo" Rafanan |
| Chairman | Imelda Marcos (emerita) |
| Secretary-General | Joeme Erroba |
| Founder | Ferdinand Marcos Sr. |
| Founded | February 1978 |
| Split from | Nacionalista Liberal |
| Headquarters | 3rd Floor Narsan Bldg. West 4th, Brgy. West Triangle, Quezon City Quezon City |
| Ideology | Conservatism[1][2][3][4] Anti-communism[5][4] Historical: Authoritarianism |
| Political position | Right-wing[6] |
| National affiliation | UniTeam (2021–2024) Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas (2024–present) |
| Colors | Blue, white, red, and yellow |
| Seats in the Senate | 0 / 24 |
| Seats in the House of Representatives | 0 / 316 |
| Provincial governorships | 0 / 82 |
Since 1986, the KBL has contested in most of the national and local elections in the Philippines, but retained a single seat in the House of Representatives in Ilocos Norte, which was held by former First Lady Imelda Marcos until 2019.
Establishment and ideology
The ideological roots of the "Bagong Lipunan" ("new society") concept can be traced to one Marcos' rationalizations for the declaration of Martial Law in September we 1972.[10]: "66" In his rhetoric, Marcos contended that a system of "constitutional authoritarianism" was necessary in order to "reform society" and create a "new society" under his authority.[10]: "29" [11][12]
Six years after the declaration of Martial Law, Marcos adopted this rhetoric and used the phrase as the name of the umbrella coalition of administration parties running in the 1978 Philippine parliamentary election.[8] The coalition retained the name when it was reorganized as a political party in 1986.
Splinter factions after the People Power Revolution
After the 1986 People Power Revolution ended Ferdinand Marcos' 21 years in power, he, his family and key followers fled to Hawaii. Marcos' party machinery quickly began to break into numerous factions, the most successful of which were Blas Ople's Partido Nacionalista ng Pilipinas, a reorganized Nacionalista Party led by Rafael Palmares and Renato Cayetano after the death of Senator Jose Roy, and a reorganized Kilusang Bagong Lipunan led by Nicanor Yñiguez.[13][14]
By the time of the 1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite, the reconstituted KBL under Yñiguez as the party furthest to the right among the rightwing political parties of the mid-1980s[9] - remaining loyal to Marcos' authoritarian ideology in contrast to the Partido Nacionalista ng Pilipinas, which took a conservative centrist stance, and the Palmares wing of the Nacionalista party and the Kalaw wing of the Liberal Party took center-right stances.[13]
2009 party division
By 2007, KBL started to strengthen their political power, and expected to merge with the founder's former party, Nacionalista. KBL chairman Vicente Millora advocate to a two-party system return. He also said the KBL is willing to merge with Nacionalista if the two-party system is revived.[15]
On November 20, 2009, the KBL forged an alliance with the Nacionalista Party (NP) between Bongbong Marcos and NP Chairman Senator Manny Villar at the Laurel House in Mandaluyong.[16][17] Bongbong was later on removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 29.[18][17] As such, the NP broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party, though Marcos remained part of the NP Senatorial line-up.[16][19]
Electoral candidacy history
Candidates for the 2010 Philippine general election
- Vetellano Acosta (disqualified) – Presidential Candidate (lost)
- Jay Sonza – Vice Presidential Candidate (lost)
- Senatorial slate:
- Alma Lood (lost)
- Hector Villanueva (lost)
- Shariff Ibrahim Albani (lost)
- Dodong Maambong (lost)
- Nanette Espinosa (lost)
Notable members
Past
- Rodolfo B. Albano, Jr. — (1987-1995; moved to Lakas-CMD in 1995) former Representative of 1st District of Isabela
- Alejandro Almendras — former Member of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Southern Mindanao and Regular Batasang Pambansa from Davao del Sur's at-large district
- Helena Benitez — former Member of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Region IV-A and Regular Batasang Pambansa from Cavite
- Conrado M. Estrella III — (1987-1992; moved to Nationalist People's Coalition in 1992) former Representative of 6th District of Pangasinan
- Jaime C. Laya — 5th Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 1st Action Officer of Intramuros Administration, former Minister of Education, Culture, and Sports, Mambabatas Pambansa of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Minister of Budget and Management, Minister of Budget and Management
- Bongbong Marcos — (moved to Nacionalista Party in 2009, then to Partido Federal ng Pilipinas in 2021) former Vice Governor and Governor of Ilocos Norte, Representative of 2nd District of Ilocos Norte, former Senator (2010-2016) and the incumbent President of the Philippines (2022-present).
- Imee Marcos — (moved to Nacionalista Party) Senator, former Governor of Ilocos Norte, Representative of 2nd District of Ilocos Norte
- Estelito Mendoza — former Solicitor General of the Philippines, Governor of Pampanga, Mambabatas Pambansa (Assemblyman) of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Region III, and Minister of Justice
- Benjamin Romualdez - 10th Governor of Leyte, Ambassador of the Philippines to the United States, and Member of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Region VIII and Regular Batasang Pambansa from Leyte
- Carlos P. Romulo- former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Member of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Region IV-A
- Chavit Singson — Former Governor of Ilocos Sur
- Cesar Virata — 4th Prime Minister of the Philippines, 3rd Director-General of National Economic and Development Authority, former Minister of Finance, and Mambabatas Pambansa (Assemblyman) of Interim Batasang Pambansa from Region IV-A and Regular Batasang Pambansa from Cavite
- Rolando Abadilla — former military officer served as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte
Present
- Remy Albano — Vice Governor of Apayao
- Raymond Bagatsing – Manila vice mayoral candidate (2022), actor
- Roberto "Amay Bisaya" Reyes Jambongana – Bohol gubernatorial candidate (2019), comedian
- Jerry Dalipog — Governor of Ifugao
- Larry Gadon – secretary for poverty alleviation, senatorial candidate (2016, 2019 and 2022), former lawyer; pushed for the impeachment of former Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno[20][21]
- Efren Rafanan Sr.- Provincial Board Member of Ilocos Sur
Electoral performance
Presidential and vice presidential elections
| Year | Presidential election | Vice presidential election | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote share | Result | Candidate | Vote share | Result | |
| 1981 | Ferdinand Marcos | Ferdinand Marcos (KBL) |
Vice presidency abolished | |||
| 1986 | Ferdinand Marcos | Disputed See article for details |
Arturo Tolentino | Disputed See article for details | ||
| 1992 | Imelda Marcos | Fidel Ramos (Lakas–NUCD) |
Vicente Magsaysay | Joseph Estrada (NPC) | ||
| 1998 | Imelda Marcos | Withdraw | Joseph Estrada (LAMMP–PMP) |
None[n 1] | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD) | |
| None[n 2] | ||||||
| 2004 | None[n 3] | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD) |
None[n 4] | Noli de Castro (Independent) | ||
| 2010 | Vetallano Acosta[n 5] | Benigno Aquino III (Liberal) |
Jay Sonza | Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban) | ||
| 2016 | None[n 6] | Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban) |
None[n 7] | Leni Robredo (Liberal) | ||
| 2022 | None[n 8] | Bongbong Marcos (Partido Federal) |
None[n 9] | Sara Z. Duterte (Lakas) | ||
Legislative elections
| Interim Batasang Pambansa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Seats won | Result | Senate abolished | |||
| 1978 | 150 / 179
|
KBL majority | ||||
| Regular Batasang Pambansa | ||||||
| Year | Seats won | Result | Senate abolished | |||
| 1984 | 110 / 197
|
KBL majority | ||||
| Congress of the Philippines | ||||||
| Year | Seats won | Result | Year | Seats won | Ticket | Result |
| 1987 | 11 / 200
|
Lakas ng Bansa / PDP–Laban plurality | 1987 | 0 / 24
|
Split ticket | LABAN win 22/24 seats |
| 1992 | 3 / 200
|
LDP plurality | 1992 | 0 / 24
|
Single party ticket | LDP win 16/24 seats |
| 1995 | 1 / 204
|
Lakas / LDP majority | 1995 | 0 / 12
|
Nationalist People's Coalition ticket | Lakas-Laban Coalition win 9/12 seats |
| 1998 | 0 / 258
|
Lakas plurality | 1998 | Not participating |
LAMMP win 7/12 seats | |
| 2001 | Not participating |
Lakas plurality | 2001 | 0 / 13
|
Single party ticket | People Power Coalition win 8/13 seats |
| 2004 | 1 / 261
|
Lakas plurality | 2004 | 0 / 12
|
Single party ticket | K4 win 7/12 seats |
| 2007 | 1 / 270
|
Lakas plurality | 2007 | 0 / 12
|
Single party ticket | Genuine Opposition win 8/12 seats |
| 2010 | 1 / 286
|
Lakas plurality | 2010 | 0 / 12
|
Single party ticket | Liberal Party win 4/12 seats |
| 2013 | 1 / 292
|
Liberal Party plurality | 2013 | Not participating |
Team PNoy win 9/12 seats | |
| 2016 | 0 / 297
|
Liberal Party plurality | 2016 | 0 / 12
|
Single party ticket | Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid win 7/12 seats |
| 2019 | 0 / 304
|
PDP–Laban plurality | 2019 | 0 / 12
|
Single party ticket | Hugpong ng Pagbabago win 9/12 seats |
| 2022 | 0 / 316
|
PDP-Laban plurality | 2022 | 0 / 12
|
UniTeam ticket | UniTeam win 6/12 seats |
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Edgardo Angara of LDP–PMP who lost.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Joseph Estrada of LAMMP–PMP who won.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Fernando Poe Jr. of KNP who lost.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Loren Legarda of KNP who lost.
- ^ Acosta was disqualified from the presidential race.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Miriam Defensor Santiago of PRP who lost.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Bongbong Marcos an Independent who lost.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Bongbong Marcos of Partido Federal ng Pilipinas who won.
- ^ Endorsed the candidacy of Sara Duterte of Lakas–CMD who won.
References
- ^ Celoza, A. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ Timberman, D. (1991) A Changeless Land: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics. USA: Taylor and Francis.[verification needed]
- ^ Bello, Madge; Reyes, Vincent (1986). "Filipino Americans and the Marcos Overthrow: The Transformation of Political Consciousness". Amerasia Journal. 13: 73–83. doi:10.17953/amer.13.1.21h54l86268n023n.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ a b Pinches, Michael (1997). "Elite democracy, development and people power: Contending ideologies and changing practices in Philippine politics". Asian Studies Review. 21 (2–3): 104–120. doi:10.1080/03147539708713166.
- ^ Celoza, A. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers.
- ^ a b Derbyshire, J. Denis (1991). Political Systems Of The World. Allied Publishers. p. 120.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ Griffin, Roger (1990). The Nature of Fascism. St. Martin's Press. p. 37.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ a b "Philippines - Local government". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
- ^ a b c Villegas, Bernardo M. (February 1, 1958). "The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era". Asian Survey. 27 (2): 194–205. doi:10.2307/2644614. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644614.
Finally, at the extreme right is the reorganized Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) under Nicanor Yniguez, which remains loyal to Marcos.
- ^ a b Brillantes, Alex B. Jr. (1987). Dictatorship & martial law : Philippine authoritarianism in 1972. Quezon City, Philippines: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Public Administration. ISBN 978-9718567012.
- ^ Beltran, J. C. A.; Chingkaw, Sean S. (October 20, 2016). "On the shadows of tyranny". The Guidon. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ a b Villegas, Bernardo M. (February 1, 1958). "The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era". Asian Survey. 27 (2): 194–205. doi:10.2307/2644614. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644614.
- ^ Kimura, Masataka (December 1989). "The Revolution and Realigntnent of Political Parties in the Philippines (December 1985-January 1988): With a Case in the Province of Batangas" (PDF). Southeast Asian Studies. 27 (3): 352–379.
- ^ Echeminada, Perseus (November 30, 2007). "Liberal Party, Nacionalista gearing to raid Lakas-NUCD ranks – Apostol". Philstar.com. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
- ^ a b "Feed a hungry child this Christmas". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ a b "Bongbong disowned by KBL after alliance with Villar". Philstar.com. November 21, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
- ^ "Filing of COCs at Comelec on Day 4". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ "Marcos kay Villar na!". Philstar.com. November 21, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
- ^ Editorial (May 31, 2018). "Revising history — yet again". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
- ^ "Impeachment lawyer blasts 'yellow virus', denies he wants gov't post". ABS-CBN News. October 24, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2018.