4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East, previously known as 4th Mechanized Brigade and before that 4th Armoured Brigade is a brigade formation of the British Army, currently based in Catterick, North Yorkshire as part of 1st (United Kingdom) Division.[1] The brigade, now known as the 'Black Rats', was formed in 1939 and fought in the Second World War in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa. The Black Rats were subsequently involved in the invasion of Sicily and fighting in Italy before taking part in the Battle of Normandy and the advance through Belgium, Holland and into Germany.[2]
| Heavy Armoured Brigade (Egypt) 4th Armoured Brigade 4th Armoured Brigade Group 4th Mechanized Brigade 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East | |
|---|---|
 Current insignia of the 4th Infantry Brigade & HQ North East. | |
| Active | 1939–1945 1976–Present |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Brigade |
| Part of | 1st (United Kingdom) Division |
| Garrison/HQ | Catterick, North Yorkshire |
| Engagements | Second World War
Gulf War Bosnian War Kosovo Campaign Iraq War Afghanistan |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Brigadier Oliver Brown |
| Notable commanders | Michael Carver |
More recently, the Brigade took part in the First Gulf War and completed a number of tours to the Balkans during the 1990s. The Black Rats have also since deployed twice to Iraq and twice to Afghanistan as the lead formation.
History
Second World War
In September 1939, at the start of the Second World War this brigade changed its title from Heavy Armoured Brigade (Egypt) to 4th Armoured Brigade.[3]
On 27 July 1941, it handed over its units to the 1st Army Tank Brigade and received new units based in Egypt. It was reformed again when the HQ arrived in Sicily and it took control of new units there. The 4th Armoured Brigade saw service in the North African Campaign, the Allied invasion of Sicily, the Italian Campaign and in North-western Europe. Although it served under many different formations it was most famous as part of the 7th Armoured Division, the "Desert Rats".[3]
The 4th Armoured Brigade left the 7th Armoured Division in North Africa in 1943, to return to join the Allied invasion force for Normandy. In June 1944, the brigade landed in Normandy as an independent brigade and fought during the Battle of Normandy during the Battle for Caen.[4][page needed]
The 4th Armoured Brigade was the first to cross the Rhine into Germany.[5]
Cold War era
The Brigade spent many years in Germany as part of the British Army of the Rhine. The brigade was one of two "square" brigades assigned to 2nd Armoured Division when it was formed in 1976.[6] After being briefly converted to "Task Force Charlie" in the late 1970s, the brigade was reinstated in 1981, assigned to 3rd Armoured Division[7] and was based at York Barracks in Münster.[8] The Brigade deployed to the First Gulf War on Operation Granby in 1990/91 and was involved in the liberation of Kuwait. It moved to Quebec Barracks at Osnabrück in 1993 to replace 12th Armoured Brigade as part of 1st (UK) Armoured Division.[9]
Post-Cold War
4th Armoured Brigade deployed to Bosnia in October 1995 as UNPROFOR HQ Sector South-West and subsequently as the leading UK element of the NATO Implementation Force (IFOR).[10] The Black Rats have since deployed twice to Iraq and twice to Afghanistan, first on Operation Herrick 12 in 2010; and again in October 2012 for Operation Herrick 17, during which it was working in support of the Afghan Army's 3/215 Brigade and elements of the Afghan National Police.[11]
Current organisation
4th Infantry Brigade
Under Army 2020, the brigade lost its armour and converted to an infantry brigade. The structure of the brigade in 2020 was as follows:[12][13]
- 4th Infantry Brigade, at Peronne Lines, Catterick Garrison[14][15]
- The Light Dragoons, at Gaza Barracks, Catterick Garrison (Light Cavalry, 66 x Jackal armoured reconnaissance vehicles)[16]
- The Queen's Own Yeomanry (Army Reserve), at Fenham Barracks, Newcastle upon Tyne (Light Cavalry, 66 x Jackal armoured reconnaissance vehicles)[16]
- The Royal Highland Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland, at Glencorse Barracks, Penicuik (Light Infantry)
- 1st Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, at Dale Barracks, Chester (Light Infantry)
- 2nd Battalion, Mercian Regiment, at Weeton Barracks, Blackpool[17] (Light Infantry) – arriving back from Cyprus in November 2020[18]
- 52nd Lowland Volunteers, 6th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland (Army Reserve), at Walcheren Barracks, Glasgow (Light Infantry) – paired with 2nd Bn, Royal Regiment of Scotland
- 4th Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (Army Reserve), at Kimberley Barracks, Preston (Light Infantry) – paired with 1st Bn, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment
- 4th Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment (Army Reserve), at Worsley Barracks, York (Light Infantry) – paired with 2 YORKS till November, then paired with 2nd Btn, Mercian Regiment
Headquarters North East
- Headquarters North East, at Peronne Lines, Catterick Garrison[19]
- Yorkshire Officer Training Regiment (Army Reserve)
- Leeds University Officers' Training Corps (Army Reserve), at Carlton Barracks, Leeds[20]
- Sheffield University Officers' Training Corps (Army Reserve), at Somme Barracks, Sheffield[21]
- Northumbrian University Officers' Training Corps (Army Reserve), in Newcastle upon Tyne[22]
- 4th Infantry Brigade & Headquarters North East Cadet Training Team, at Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Strensall[23]
- Cleveland Army Cadet Force, in Middlesbrough[24]
- Durham Army Cadet Force, in Chester-le-Street[25]
- Humberside and South Yorkshire Army Cadet Force, at Driffield Camp, Driffield[26]
- Northumbria Army Cadet Force, at Fox Barracks, Cramlington[27]
- Yorkshire (North and West) Army Cadet Force, at Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Strensall[28]
- Yorkshire Officer Training Regiment (Army Reserve)
Second World War commanders
During the Second World War:[29][30]
- January 1940 to April 1941 Brigadier J.A.L. Caunter
- April 1941 to April 1942 Brigadier A.H. Gatehouse
- April 1942 to July 1942 Brigadier G.W. Richards
- July 1942 to September 1942 Brigadier W.G. Carr
- September 1942 to November 1942 Brigadier M.G. Roddick
- November 1942 to January 1943 Brigadier C.B.C. Harvey
- January 1943 to February 1943 Brigadier D.S. Newton-King
- February 1943 to December 1943 Brigadier J.C. Currie
- December 1943 to March 1944 Brigadier H. J. B. Cracroft
- March 1944 to June 1944 Brigadier J. C. Currie
- June 1944 to August 1945 Brigadier R.M.P. Carver
Brigade commanders
Recent commanders have included:[31]
- 1976–1978 Brigadier Desmond Langley
- 1981–1984 Brigadier Charles Guthrie
- 1994–1996 Brigadier Richard Dannatt
- 1996–1998 Brigadier David Richards
- 1998–2000 Brigadier Bill Rollo
- 2000-2002 Brigadier Nicholas Smith
- 2002–2004 Brigadier Paul Gibson
- 2005–2007 Brigadier Chris Deverell
- 2007–2009 Brigadier Julian Free[32]
- 2009–2011 Brigadier Richard Felton[33]
- 2011–2013 Brigadier Bob Bruce[34]
- 2013–2015 Brigadier Charlie Herbert[35]
- 2015–2016 Brigadier Gerald Strickland
- 2016–2019 Brigadier Oliver Stokes
- 2019–present Brigadier Oliver Brown
Notable former soldiers
Former BBC motorsports commentator Murray Walker served with 4th Armoured Brigade during the Second World War as a member of The Royal Scots Greys. After the war he started a motorcycle club, organising trials and scrambles for the soldiers within the Brigade.[36]
See also
Notes
References
- ^ 4th Mechanized Brigade, British Army, retrieved 15 February 2017
- ^ Brigadier RMP Carter (1945). The History of the 4th Armoured Brigade. ISBN 978-1470119645.
- ^ a b Brief History Of The British 4th Armoured Brigade Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hastings, Max, Appendix II, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy 1944
- ^ "The History of the British 4th and 7th Armoured Brigades "The Black Rats and Green Jerboa"", Desert Rats Association, archived from the original on 4 March 2016
- ^ Watson, Graham (2005). The British Army in Germany: An Organisational History 1947-2004. Tiger Lily. p. 95. ISBN 9780972029698.
- ^ Black, Harvey. "The Cold War Years. A Hot War in reality. Part 6".
- ^ "York Barracks". BAOR Locations. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ^ 4th Mechanized Brigade, archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Global Security
- ^ The Blue Beret (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2012
- ^ "4th Mechanized Brigade to replace 12 Mechanized Brigade in Helmand". MoD. 11 July 2012.
- ^ "Map/Maps showing the responsibilities of the British Army's Regional Commands across the United Kingdom" (PDF). What do they know?. 17 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Ministry, of Defence (July 2013). "Transforming the British Army an Update" (PDF). Parliamentary Publishments. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Google Earth". earth.google.com. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "4th Infantry Brigade and HQ North East". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ a b "British Army - The Household Cavalry and Royal Armoured Corps - Light Cavalry Regiment and Armoured Regiment (Type 56)- Armed Forces - a4a3". www.armedforces.co.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Mercian Regiment". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ Grzeszczyk, Sian. "2 YORKS Takes Over Cyprus Duties From 2 MERCIAN For Two-Year Posting". Forces Network. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ "Google Earth". earth.google.com. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "Leeds UOTC". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ "Sheffield UOTC". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ "Northumbrian UOTC". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ "Freedom of Information (Act) request regarding current Army Cadet Training Teams (CTTs)" (PDF). What do they know?. Ministry of Defence. 7 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Cleveland Army Cadets". Army Cadets UK. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Durham Army Cadets". Army Cadets UK. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Humberside And South Yorkshire Army Cadets". Army Cadets UK. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Northumbria Army Cadets". Army Cadets UK. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Yorkshire (North And West) Army Cadets". Army Cadets UK. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ Orders of Battle Archived March 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "4th Armoured Brigade Commanders". Desert Rats.
- ^ Army Commands Archived July 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 5,000 'Rats' spotted in Basra Archived October 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Defence News, 11 December 2007
- ^ Brigadier salutes move to Garrison Archived August 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Northern Echo, 17 February 2009
- ^ 4th Mechanized Brigade Archived October 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine 11 April 2011
- ^ New man takes over the Black Rats Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Northern Echo, 12 June 2013
- ^ Murray Walker (2003). Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken. ISBN 0-00-712697-2.
Further reading
- RMP Carter (1945). The History of the 4th Armoured Brigade. ISBN 978-1470119645.
External links
