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It is distinct from the [[Startle reaction|startle reflex]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Mary Ann |title=Physical Diagnosis in Neonatology |year=1998 |publisher=Lippincott-Raven |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0397513864 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2chdTE4SHE8C&lpg=PA472&vq=moro%20reflex&pg=PA472#v=snippet |accessdate=7 February 2013 |page=472}}</ref> Unlike the startle reflex, the Moro reflex does not decrease with repeated stimulation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=The Grasp Reflex and Moro Reflex in Infants: Hierarchy of Primitive Reflex Responses|last1=Suzuki|first1=Yasuhiro|last2=Toribe|first2=Yasuhisa|date=2012|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|pages=191562|doi=10.1155/2012/191562|pmc=3384944|pmid=22778756|last3=Futagi|first3=Yasuyuki}}</ref>The primary significance of the Moro reflex is in evaluating integration of the [[central nervous system]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=179 Neonatal Neurology|date=2011|work=SpringerReference|publisher=Springer-Verlag|doi=10.1007/springerreference_226504|title=Springer ''Reference''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Grasp Reflex and Moro Reflex in Infants: Hierarchy of Primitive Reflex Responses|last1=Suzuki|first1=Yasuhiro|last2=Toribe|first2=Yasuhisa|date=2012|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|pages=191562|doi=10.1155/2012/191562|pmc=3384944|pmid=22778756|last3=Futagi|first3=Yasuyuki}}</ref>
== Eliciting the Moro
[[Ernst Moro]] elicited the Moro reflex by slapping the pillow on both sides of the infant's head. Other methods have been used since then, including rapidly lowering the infant (while supported) to a sudden stop and pinching the skin of the abdomen. Today, the most common method is the head drop, where the infant is supported in both hands and tilted suddenly so the head is a few centimeters lower than the level of the body.<ref name=":0" />
==Clinical
The Moro reflex may be observed in incomplete form in [[premature birth]] after the 25th week of [[gestation]], and is usually present in complete form by week 30 ([[third trimester]]).<ref name="Edwards 2019"/> Absence or [[asymmetry]] of either abduction or adduction by 2 to 3 months age can be regarded as abnormal, as can persistence of the reflex in infants older than 6 months.<ref name=":0" /> Furthermore, absence during the neonatal period may warrant assessment for the possibility of developmental complications such as birth injury or interference with brain formation.<ref name=":0" /> Asymmetry of the Moro reflex is especially useful to note, as it is almost always a feature of root, plexus, or nerve disease.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Neurology of the newborn|last=Volpe|first=Joseph J.|journal=Major Problems in Clinical Pediatrics|date=2008|volume=22|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|isbn=9781416039952|location=|pages=1–648|pmid=7022034|oclc=878742566}}</ref>
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