Protein quality: Difference between revisions

Below follows a table that compares the complete amino acid profiles of various proteins. The amino acid score is based on the prevalence of the essential amino acids and depends on if they reach sufficient quantity. PDCAAS scores do not take into account the quantity of the non-essential amino acids. Despite the insufficient essential amino acid profiles of somemost plant-based proteins, it is possible to [[protein combining|combine]] low lysine with low methionine plant-based proteins, which would yield a more complete protein.<ref name="Gorissen Crombag Senden Waterval p. ">{{cite journal | last=Gorissen | first=Stefan H. M. | last2=Crombag | first2=Julie J. R. | last3=Senden | first3=Joan M. G. | last4=Waterval | first4=W. A. Huub | last5=Bierau | first5=Jörgen | last6=Verdijk | first6=Lex B. | last7=Loon | first7=Luc J. C. van | title=Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates | journal=Amino Acids | volume=50 | issue=12 | pmid=30167963 | doi=10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6245118/ | access-date=2019-06-05 | page=}}</ref><ref name=pmid24482589/>

!<small>[[Quinoa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/6504?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=50&qlookup=quinoa&offset=&sort=default&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&Qv=8.49&Q334030=1&Qv=8.5&Q334030=11|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Full Report (All Nutrients): 20035, Quinoa, uncooked|last=|first=|date=|website=ndb.nal.usda.gov|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref></small> || <small>[[Corn]]</small><ref>{{cite web | title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Corn, sweet, yellow, raw | website=USDA Food Composition Databases | url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/11167?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&qlookup=corn+yellow&offset=&sort=default&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&Qv=30.45&Q327513=1&Q327514=1&Q327515=1&Q327516=1&Qv=1&Q327513=1&Q327514=1&Q327515=1&Q327516=1 | access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref> || <small>[[Oat|Oats]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/20038?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&qlookup=afi%3A%28++oats+%29&offset=0&sort=default&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&Qv=5.961&Q334033=1&Qv=596.1&Q334033=1|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Oats (Includes foods for USDA's Food Distribution Program)|last=|first=|date=|website=ndb.nal.usda.gov|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref></small>||<small>[[Hemp#Nutrition|Hemp<br>seeds<br>(shelled)]]</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/12012?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&qlookup=hemp&offset=&sort=default&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&Qv=2.911&Q328752=3.0&Qv=2.901&Q328752=3.0|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Seeds, hemp seed, hulled|website=Ndb.nal.usda.gov|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> || <small>[[Green peas]]<ref name="USDA Food Composition Databases">{{cite web | title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Peas, green, raw | website=USDA Food Composition Databases | url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/11304?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&qlookup=green+pea&offset=&sort=default&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&Qv=23.32&Q327779=1&Qv=1&Q327779=1 | access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> || <small>[[Soybeans]] ([[Edamame]])</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/3162?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=50&qlookup=11450&offset=&sort=default&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&Qv=7.92&Q5983=1&Qv=1&Q5983=1|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Soybeans, green, raw|website=Ndb.nal.usda.gov|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> || <small>[[Spirulina (dietary supplement)|Spirulina]]</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/3306?man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&qlookup=spirulina&offset=&sort=&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&_action_show=Apply+Changes&Qv=1.74&Q6228=1&Q6229=1|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Seaweed, spirulina, dried|website=Ndb.nal.usda.gov|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> || <small>[[Chlorella]]</small><ref name=pmid14915957>{{cite journal |doi=10.1042/bj0500355 |pmid=14915957 |pmc=1197660 |title=The composition of the bulk proteins of ''Chlorella'' |journal=Biochemical Journal |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=355–8 |year=1952 |last1=Fowden |first1=L }}</ref> || <small>[[Whey]]</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/101?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&qlookup=whey&offset=&sort=&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&_action_show=Apply+Changes&Qv=131.6&Q310=1&Q311=1|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Whey, acid, fluid|website=Ndb.nal.usda.gov|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> || <small>[[Casein]]</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/u5900t/u5900t07.htm|title=Recent developments in protein quality evaluation|website=Fao.org|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> || <small>[[Egg white]]</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/113?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&qlookup=egg+white&offset=&sort=&format=Full&reportfmt=other&rptfrm=&ndbno=&nutrient1=&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=&totCount=&measureby=&_action_show=Apply+Changes&Qv=9.174&Q352=1&Q353=1|title=Food Composition Databases Show Foods -- Egg, white, raw, fresh|website=Ndb.nal.usda.gov|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref></small>

|2.710 g || 2.414 g || 2.821 g || 2.495 g || 2.756 g || 1.888 g || 3.3 g || 1.974 g || 3.2 g || 2.660 g

|3.928 g || 4.137 g || 3.744 g || 4.547 g || 4.514 g || 5.584 g || 3.5 g || 5.001 g || 5.4 g || 6.064 g

|10.597 g || 7.654 g || bgcolor="pink" | 6.296 g || 7.532 g || 7.334 g || 8.608 g || 6.1 g || 9.475 g || 9.5 g || 9.321 g

| bgcolor="red" | 4.172 g || bgcolor="red" | 4.179 g|| bgcolor="red" | 3.714 g || 7.392 g || 6.138 g || 5.264 g || 10.2 g || 8.554 g || 8.5 g || 7.394 g

|2.832 g || 4.292 g || 4.672 g || 2.658 g || bgcolor=red| 2.178 g || 3.151 g || bgcolor=red| 1.6 g || 3.684 g || 3.5 g || 6.293 g

|8.132 g || 8.751 g || 7.889 g || 7.332 g || 8.316 g || 9.328 g || 5.6 g || 5.790 g || 11.1 g || 10.486 g

|3.928 g || 3.428 g|| 3.694 g || 4.734 g || 4.087 g || 5.168 g || 2.9 g || 5.001 g || 4.2 g || 4.119 g

| bgcolor="pink" | 0.700 g || 1.395 g|| 1.074 g || 0.863 g || 1.243 g || 1.616 g || 2.1 g || 2.106 g || 1.4 g || 1.147 g

|5.633 g || 5.585 g|| 5.173 g || 5.480 g || 4.562 g || 6.111 g || 5.5 g || 5.001 g || 6.3 g || 7.422 g

|42.632 g || 46.014 g|| 39.077 g || 43.033 g || 41.128 g || 46.718 g || 40.8 g || 46.586 g || 53.1 g || 54.906 g

!<small>[[Quinoa]]</small>||<small>[[Corn]]</small>||<small>[[Oat|Oats]]</small>||<small>[[Hemp#Nutrition|Hemp<br>seeds<br>(shelled)]]</small> || <small>[[Green peas]]</small> || <small>[[Soybeans]] ([[Edamame]])</small> || <small>[[Spirulina (dietary supplement)|Spirulina]]</small> || <small>[[Chlorella]]</small> || <small>[[Whey]]</small> || <small>[[Casein]]</small> || <small>[[Egg white]]</small>

|8.983 g || 5.252 g || 4.448 g || 5.597 g || 4.609 g || 7.856 g || 7.7 g || 4.343 g || N/A || 6.458 g

| [[Arginine]]* || 4.356 g || 9.263 g

|3.989 g || 7.106 g|| 13.245 g || 9.981 g || 8.253 g || 7.216 g || 15.8 g || 2.764 g || 3.7 g || 5.945 g

| N/A || N/A|| N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A

|9.628 g || 7.430 g || 8.632 g || 10.660 g || 11.567 g || 11.943 g || 10.080 g || 6.4 g || 9.738 g || N/A || 11.192 g

| N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A

| 19.366 g || 22.127 g|| 18.249 g || 17.280 g || 19.269 g || 14.592 g || 7.8 g || 17.898 g || N/A || 14.220 g

| N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A

| 3.867 g || 5.013 g|| 4.690 g || 4.291 g || 4.269 g || 5.392 g || 6.2 g || 1.842 g || N/A || 3.789 g

| 8.891 g || 5.568 g|| 4.649 g || 4.034 g || 4.807 g || 4.145 || 7.2 g || 5.922 g || N/A || 3.991 g

| 4.659 g || 4.471 g|| 4.987 g || 4.221 g || 5.710 g || 5.217 || 3.3 g || 4.606 g || N/A || 7.321 g

| 3.745 g || 3.409 g|| 3.677 g || 2.658 g || 3.675 g || 4.496 g || 2.8 g || 2.500 g || N/A || 4.193 g

| 60.93 g || 61.578 g|| 64.605 g || 59.629 g || 62.535 g || 58.994 g || 57.2 g || 49.613 g || N/A || 57.109 g

!<small>[[Quinoa]]</small>||<small>[[Corn]]</small>||<small>[[Oat|Oats]]</small>||<small>[[Hemp#Nutrition|Hemp<br>seeds<br>(shelled)]]</small> || <small>[[Green peas]]</small> || <small>[[Soybeans]] ([[Edamame]])</small> || <small>[[Spirulina (dietary supplement)|Spirulina]]</small> || <small>[[Chlorella]]</small> || <small>[[Whey]]</small> || <small>[[Casein]]</small> || <small>[[Egg white]]</small>

| [[Pyrrolysine]] || Not used<br>by humans || N/A || N/A

| N/A || N/A|| N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A