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The formation of Pannotia began during the [[Pan-African orogeny]] when the [[Congo Craton|Congo continent]] got caught between the northern and southern halves of the previous supercontinent [[Rodinia]] some 750 Ma. The peak in this mountain building event was around 640–610 Ma, but these continental collisions may have continued into the Early Cambrian some 530 Ma. The formation of Pannotia was the result of Rodinia turning itself inside out.<ref name="Scotese-2009-Pannotia">{{Harvnb|Scotese|2009|loc=Reconstruction of Pannotia, pp. 71–72}}</ref>
When Pannotia had formed, Africa was located at the centre surrounded by the rest of Gondwana: South America, Arabia, Madagascar, India, Antarctica, and Australia. Laurentia, which 'escaped' out of Rodinia, Baltica, and Siberia
Pannotia formed by subduction of exterior oceans (a mechanism called extroversion)<ref>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Nance|2013|loc=Introduction, pp. 185–187}}</ref> over a [[geoid]] low, whereas Pangaea formed by subduction of interior oceans (introversion) over a geoid high<ref>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Nance|2013|loc=Discussion, p. 191}}</ref> perhaps caused by [[superplume]]s and [[Supercontinent#Supercontinents and volcanism|slab avalanche events]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Nance|2013|loc=Conclusions, p. 192}}</ref>
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